斯伦贝谢petrel教程3

2. Type in: GROSS ROCK = TOP HYDROCARBON -
A 3
BASE HYDROCARBON
3. This will produce a new GROSS ROCK grid
4. Clip negatives to a small negative number (reduces total Z-range)
– Parameters represent average value for zone
– May be either constant or grid – Z-range between 0.0 and 1.0 (ratio)
• If percent then divide by 100 • If outside 0-1 range then clip
C. Incorporate fluid contact “Set Z=A where:” Z>A (base) or Z<A (top)
3-C
Volume processing (2D Grids)
Build gross rock thickness grid
• 1. Open the Surface calculator (right click on a surface and select calculator)
C. Build gross rock thickness grid
D. Discount gross rock thickness by N:G, Phi, and (1-Sw)
E. Calculate volume for positive thickness
F. CalculateDarea for positive thickness
Volume processing (2D Grids)
Build hydrocarbon pore thickness
A. Gross thickness * Net-to-gross = net thickness
B. Net thickness * Porosity = pore thickness
1. Use grid or constant
2. Merge with a structure grid
1
2
3. Merging process
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
A. Copy structure to be merged
3-B
B. Rename copied grid
3-A
“BASE HYDROCARBON” or “TOP HYDROCARBON”
• You will learn to:
– Manipulate a surface using Surface Operations – Calculate azimuth and dip values from a surface – Use the surface calculator
• Build rock gross thickness grids
Remember: Only ONE undo!
Surface operations
2D Volume processing; General procedure
A. Given top and base structure grids
B. Incorporate fluid contacts into top and/or base grids
C
A B E
F
Volume processing (2D Grids)
Top and base structure grids
A. Should define the zone of interest B. Should not contain missing node values over area of interest
– No volumes for missing nodes – Fault gaps should be filled with nodes C. Should be tied to the top picks
B
C
Well
A
Volume processing (2D Grids)
Incorporate Fluid Contacts
+ -
4
2
Volume processing (2D Grids)
Petrophysical parameters
– Common petrophysical parameters are: • Net-to-gross • Porosity • Water saturation (used as 1-Sw)
C. Pore thickness * (1 – Water saturation) = hydrocarbon pore thickness Note: For each step, copy the input thickness grid, rename it to the output thickness, and then perform the calculation.
Surface operations (2D grids)
Surface operations
Lecture and exercise purpose
• Purpose: Learn how to perform operations on surfaces and
between surfaces.
– Calculate volume between surfaces – Areal calculations
• Inside polygon • For defined nodes in a grid
Surface operations
Surface Operations
• Contains tools for manipulating on existing surfaces – Rotate and smooth – Extrapolate – Expand and shrink – Flip values – Shift values – Merge surfaces