小学数学公式的英文读法分析解析
史上最全数学符号、公式的英文读法,干货满满
史上最全数学符号、公式的英文读法，干货满满说起英语和数学，大概每个人都有难忘的回忆。
可是学了十几、二十年的英语和数学，你会用英语来表达数学吗？烂熟于心的数学符号和表达式用英语会说吗？想不想挑战一下自己？先来一个最简单的：1+2=3 用英语怎么说？One plus two equals three. 哎呦不错哦，继续！尝试：½ (x + y)英语怎么说？这个呢？这个呢？就知道你说不出来咯～今天这篇文章，将从小学到博士后的数学符号和表达式的英文读法一网打尽，全都总结好了！惊不惊喜？意不意外？！这篇文章囊括了从小学数学到高等数学，涉及到的主要符号和表达式的英文读法，查阅了很多资料，确保英文100%准确，请放心使用。
数学是所有理工学科的基础，是认识科学世界基本工具，数学的重要性不言而喻。
所以，这篇文章是老少咸宜的、吐血总结的干货。
可以帮助：中小学生：了解英语不仅是“I am a student.My name is XXX.”,而是真正用于学习数学、学习知识的工具。
大学生:在外教的课堂上，在国际会议上，在外企里，面对常见的数学符号，简单的数学问题时，不可能在茶壶里煮饺子。
留学党:缩短刚到国外理解老师课堂讲课的过渡期。
学生家长可以为你家宝宝留着哦～基本数学符号1. 加减乘除"+"当作运算符加号时读作plus，比如：1+2 ➡️ one plus two当"+"放在数字前表示正数时，读作positive，比如：+4 ➡️ positive four同样，“-”也有minus和negative两种读法，分别是减号和负数。
"×" 两种读法都可以，国外的教授会常常读成times，可能因为比较简单吧，比如：9x6 ➡️ nine times six“÷”只有一种读法divided by，就是被…分成几份15÷3 ➡️ fifteen is divided by three注意：其中plus和minus是不用第三人称单数形式的，因为plus和minus根本就不是动词，而是介词。
数学用语的英文读法
数学式和数学用语的英文读法一、Number 数字106：one million109：one billion (or one thousand million)1012：one trillion (or one million million)1015：one quadrillion(or one thousand million million) 1018：one quintillion (or one million million million)二、Fractions 分数通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。
1/2： a (or one) half1/3： a (or one) third1/4： a quarter or one fourth2/3：two thirds, two over three, or two by three9/10：nine tenths, nine over ten, or nine by ten4‰：four per mill (or mil)三、Decimals 小数0.4：zero (or naught) point four.01：point (or decimal) naught (or oh) one12.34：twelve point three four30.45：thirty point four five,0.3333333…..：point three repeating (or recurring)四、Mathematic Forms 数学式(4-1) Addition 加法1+2=3： One and two are three.2+3=5： Two plus three equals five.4+0=4： Four and naught is equal to four.45+70+152=267： 45, 70 and 152 added are (or make) 267the sum (or total) is 267.(4-2) Subtraction 减法(4-3) Multiplication 乘法(4-4) Division 除法五、Power 幂次方bn 当中，b 被称为底数(base)，n 被称为指数(power or exponent)bn：the nth power of b 或b to the nth power.a107： a times the seventh power of ten.b 的平方： b square or b squaredb 的立方： b cube or b cubedb 的4次方： b to the fourthb 的-1次方： b to the minus one八、其它log(x)：the logarithm of xlogb(x)：t he logarithm of x to the base b5 : 3：five to three45 度角：forty-five degree angle二元一次方程式：linear (or simple) equation with two unknowns一元二次方程式：quadratic equation with one unknown九、符号的英文读法(9-1) Punctuation Marks 标点符号中文英文中文英文§分节号section; division - 破折号dash。
英文,常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法
英⽂,常⽤数学符号、公式和等式的读法⼀、常⽤数学符号、公式和等式的读法+ 加号,加 plus+ 正号 positive- 减号,减 minus- 负号,负 negetive± 加或减 plus or minus± 正或负 plus or minus2 乘 multiplied by times into÷ 除 divided by: ⽐ proportional to= 等号 equal sign= 等于 to equal,to equals> ⼤于 greater than< ⼩于 less than⼤于等于 greater than or equal⼩于等于less than or equal≡恒等于 identical with≈约等于 approximately equal≌全等于 congruent～等价于 equivalent to;相似于 similar to→趋近于 approaches( ) 括号,括弧 1) parentheses;parenthesis;sign parenthesis圆括号,圆括弧 2) round brackets[ ] ⽅括号1) squre [angular] brackets括号2) brackets{ } 花括号 braces∑ 求和summstion of;sigma从1到n的和 the sum form i equalsone to n;sigma从1到n的积 the product form i equalsone to nx1 +x2+x3+ΛΛ x one x two plus x three,etc(et cetera)a=b 1) a equals to b2) a is equal to b3) a is ba≠b a is not equal to b;a is not ba>b a is greater than baa?b a is greater than or equal to ba?b a is less than or equal to ba≈b a approximately equal (s) ba∝b a varies directly as b;a is (directly) proportional to ba∈A a is member of set AA?B A is contained in B;A is a proper subset of B AIB A intersection B AYB A union{ }或φ empty setimpliesis equivalent to xRy x is in the relation R to y a±b a plus or minus b (a+b)(a-b) a plus b,a minus b(a+b)2 a plus b all squared(a÷b)2 a over b all squaredn! n factorial;factorial na% a persent|a| mod a;modulus ax→∞ x approaches infinity0< x0?x?a zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to ac=a.b 1)c equals (is equal to) a multiplied by b2) c equals a times b1:2 the ratio of one to two1/2 a half;one half1/3 a third;one third1/100 a[one] hundredth1/1000 a[one] thousandth0.1(.1) zero point one;nought point one0.01(.01) zero point zero one;nought point nought one3.1416 three point one four one six14. one four point one four,one four recurringa:b the ratio of a to ba:b=c 1) a devided by b equals c2) a devided by b is c3)the ratio of a to b is ca:b=c:d 1) the ratio of a to b equals the ratio of c to d2) a is to b as c is to da+b>c a plus b is greater then ca+b< then b plus>a+b=c a plus b is (are;equals;is equal to) ca-b=c a minus b(b from a) is(equals;is equal to;leaves) c (a,b) a[a,b]a?x?b the closed interval from a to b(a,b) the interval a[a,b] the interval a?xaa?x?b a is less then or equal to x is less then or equal to blogax logarithm (base) of xlnx natural logarithm of xx2 1)x square;x squured2) x to the second power3) x raised to the second power4) the square of x5) the second power of x6) x to the secondx3 1)x cube;x cubed2) x to the third power3) x raised to the third power4) the cube of x5) the third power of x6) x to the thirdx n 1)x to the n-th power2) x raised to the n-th power3) the n-th power of x4) x to the n-thx-n 1) x to the minus n-th2) x to the minus n-th powerradical=b 1) the square root of a is(equals) b 2) the square root out of a is(equals) bthe square root of athe cube root of athe cube rootthe n-th roota′ a primea n 1) a second prime2) a double prime3) a twice dashed;a m 1) a triple prime2) a third primea1 1) a sub one2) a firsta2 1) a sub two2) a seconda m 1) a sub m2) a m-tha'm 1) a prime,sub m2) a sub m,primea'1 a first primea n2 a second, second primey first derivative of ysecond derivative of ydy/dx first derivative of y with respect to xd2y/dx2 second derivative of y with respect to xy=f(x) y is a function of x∫ integral of1) integral of……from a to b2) integral of……between limits a and bcapital L equals the square root of (out of ) capital R square plus minus x squarea to the m by n-th power equals the n-th root of (out of) a to the m-th powerP=∞ p is equal to infinity∟ angle⊥ perpendicular;is perpendicular to∠ parallel;is parallel to△ABC triangje ABCvector Fa bar≌ is congruent to～ is similar tA-1 inverse of matrix A % percent⼆、英语缩写词abs absolute 绝对的absolutely 绝对地A.D Anno Domini 公元ad inf ad infinitum 趋于⽆限ads address 地址agg aggregate 总数、共计al algebra 代数alt altitude ⾼度alternate 交错,交替a.m above-mentioned 上述的a.m. arithmetic mean 算术平均amt amount 数量ans answer 答案、解答、回答AoI and-or-inverter 与或⾮等差数列A.P arithmeticprogressionappl application 应⽤appr approximate 近似、约计appx appendix 附录arg argument ⾃变数,幅⾓arith arithmetic 算术aut automatic ⾃动的aux,auxil auxiliary 辅助的av,avg average 平均Ax Axiom 公理B.C Before Christ 公元前⼆进制编码的⼗进制BCD Binary Coded DecimalBC.O Binary Coded Octal ⼆进制编码的⼋进制℃(c)centigrate 摄⽒度C cubic ⽴⽅的cycle 周centi 厘,百分之⼀ca circa ⼤约CAD Computer-Aided计算机辅助设计Design计算机辅助教学CAI Computer-AidedInstructioncalcd calculated 计算的cat catalog (ue) ⽬录,⼀览表C.C.W Counter-Clockwise 逆时针⽅向c.d centre distance 中⼼距离cf. confer 参看、见、⽐较cg center of gravity 重⼼厘⽶2克2秒(单位)制C.G.S Centimetre Gramme SecondCh. Chapter 章chap chapter 章char character 字符cir circular 圆形的circum circumference 圆周cit cited 引⽤ckt circuit 电路C.l. center-line 中⼼线算术平均法,平均⾼度法C.L.A center line average methodcm centimetre 厘⽶coeff. coefficient 系数com common 公,公共col column ⾏,纵⾏,栏,项⽬,柱comp. compare ⽐较con contra 相反conclusion 结论con.sec conic sections 圆锥曲线const constant 常数construction 作图contcontinued 续,接(contd)Contr. Contracted 省略的Contraction 省略Cor corollary 推论,系cp compare ⽐较ct constant 常数circuit 电路,线路ctr (s) center (s) 中⼼cu (cub) cubic ⽴⽅C.W. clockwise 顺时针⽅向CY cycle 周期,周d degree 度D density 密度diameter 直径date ⽇期D.C. digital computer 数字计算机微分⽅程D.E differentialequationdef(def’n)definition 定义deg degree 度demon demonstrative 求证den density 密度der derivative 导数,微商det detail 详细,细节,详图DF decimal fraction (⼗进)⼩数dia (m) diameter 直径diag diagram 图,图解diff difference 差,不同DIV divide 除Do (d°)ditto 同上,同前,如前所述doub double 加倍,⼆倍,成双的,成倍的DP data processing 数据处理E east 东edit edition 版,版本e.e error expected 允许的误差例如e.g exempligratia=forexampleeq. equal 相等eq (eq’n)equation 等式,⽅程esp. especially 特别et al et alii 及其他et alibi 及别处etc et cetera 等等et seq et sequentia 及以下等等ex (s) example(s) 例exercise 练习,习题extra 特别的ext external 外部的exterior 在外f frequency 频率fig figure 图,图形fn function 函数,功能FQCY frequency 频率fxd fixed 固定的,不变的g(gm) gramme 克GA general average 平均值最⼤公约数G.C.D greatest commondivisorG.C.F greatest commonfactor最⼤公约数G.C.M greatest commonmeasuregeom. geometry ⼏何学G.P geometrical等⽐数列,⼏何数列progressiongr(grm) gram 克h hour ⼩时height ⾼,⾼度H.C.F. highest common最⾼公因式,最⼤公约数factorhf half 半hor horizontal ⽔平的hr hour ⼩时hyp hypothesis 假设ib (ibid) ibidem 在同处(书,⽂献等出处) id idem 同前,同上,同作者,同样iden identical 恒等,全等i.e id est=that is 即,就是,换⾔之ig idem quod 如同ih inverted hour 逆(反)时针的im image 图像inc increase 增加ind index 索引,指标,刻度indef indefinite ⽆限,不定in.ex in extenso 全部inf infinity ⽆穷⼤,⽆限⼤infra 上、下限inh inverted hour 逆(反)时针的int interior 内部的,在内int.al inter alia 尤其I/O input/output 输⼊/输出信息技术IT informationinformation信息论theory独⽴变数IV independentvariableJ journal 期刊,杂志jour journal 期刊,杂志kg kilogram 千克km kilometer 千克l length 长度l.c loco citato 上述引⽂中最⼩公倍数(式)L.C.M. least commonmultipleLowest common multiple 最低公倍式Lgth length 长度l.h left hand 左⽅,左侧lim limit 极限lin linear 直线的,⼀次的,线性的lit liter (公)升loc location 位置loc.cit loco citato 上述引⽂中最低(数)位,最右(数)位ISD least significantdigitM mega 兆(106)mille 千M(m) medium 中间,中等m metre ⽶milli 毫(10-3)million 兆(106)minute 分钟µ(mu) micro 微(10-6)mae mean absoluteerrormag magnitude 量,⼤⼩math mathematical 数学的mathematics 数学max maximum 最⼤,最⼤值min minimum 最⼩,最⼩值minute 分钟mo (s) month(s) ⽉mon monthly ⽉刊MS mean square 均⽅n net 净N number 数,编号,第…号North 北Northern 北⽅的n.a.s.c necessary andsufficient condition 充要条件,充分且必要的条件N.B nota bene= note 注意wellneg negative 负的Net network ⽹络No(s) number(s) 数,编号,第…号nr near 在…附近常微分⽅程O.D.E. ordinarydifferentialequationopp opposed 相反的,对⾯ord ordinary 普通的,通常的p page 页PAR parallel 平⾏的,平⾏线,并联的par paragraph 节,段P.C. per cent 百分⽐pcs pieces 个,件,份P.D.E partialdifferentialequationPERT programevaluation andreview techniques 计划评审技术(统筹⽅法)ph phase 相位,相pos positive 正的pp pages 负(复数)p.p proportional part ⽐例部分Pr pair 偶,对pr(pri,pry) primary 初级,最初的prep perpendicular 垂直,正交proc proceeding 学报,会刊ps pseudo 伪,假pt(s) part(s) 部分p.t.o please turn over 请见(本页的)反⾯,请翻到下页q question 问题q.e quod est 这就是,即Q.E D quod erat证毕,证完,这就是所要证的,所求证者demonstrandum w.r.t with respect to 关于,相对于。
常见数学公式和符号的英文读法大全
5 Ε ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙 对数之基数
6 Ζ ζ zeta zat 截塔 系数；方位角;阻抗；相对粘度；原子序数
7 Η η eta eit 艾塔 磁滞系数；效率（小写)
8 Θ θ thet θit 西塔 温度；相位角
○circumference 圆周
πpi 圆周率
△triangle 三角形
⊥perpendicular to 垂直于
∪union of 并，合集
∩intersection of 交,通集
∫the integral of …的积分
∑（sigma） summation of 总和
°degree 度
′minute 分
‖ parallel 双线号
～ swung dash 代字号
§ section； division 分节号
→ arrow 箭号；参见号
更全面：
1 Α α alpha a：lf 阿尔法 角度；系数
2 Β β beta bet 贝塔 磁通系数；角度；系数
3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马 电导系数（小写）
！ exclamation mark （英式英语) exclamation point （美式英语)
’ apostrophe 撇号
— hyphen 连字号
—- dash 破折号
.。。 dots/ ellipsis 省略号
” single quotation marks 单引号
"” double quotation marks 双引号
常见数学公式和符号的英文读法大全
+ plus 加号；正号
数学公式英文读法
数学公式英文读法
数学公式是数学领域中非常重要的内容，而对于英语学习者来说，了解数学公式的英文读法也是必备的技能。
下面是数学公式英文读法的详细介绍：
1. 加法符号(+)：plus
2. 减法符号(-)：minus
3. 乘法符号(×)：times
4. 除法符号(÷)：divided by
5. 相等符号(=)：equals
6. 大于符号(>)：greater than
7. 小于符号(<)：less than
8. 大于等于符号(≥)：greater than or equal to
9. 小于等于符号(≤)：less than or equal to
10. 指数符号(^)：to the power of
11. 根号(√)：square root of
12. 等比数列符号(a, a, a, …)：geometric sequence
13. 等差数列符号(a, a, a, …)：arithmetic sequence
14. 求和符号(Σ)：sum of
15. 求积符号(∏)：product of
16. 分数符号(a/b)：a over b
17. 百分号(%)：percent
18. 无限大符号(∞)：infinity
以上就是数学公式英文读法的详细介绍，希望对您有所帮助。
小学数学公式 数学符号读法
小学数学公式数学符号读法
1 alpha a:lf 阿尔法角度;系数
2 beta bet 贝塔磁通系数;角度;系数
3 gamma ga:m 伽马电导系数(小写)
4 delta delt 德尔塔变动;密度;屈光度
5 epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙对数之基数
6 zeta zat 截塔系数;方位角;阻抗;相对粘度;原子序数
7 eta eit 艾塔磁滞系数;效率(小写)
8 thet it 西塔温度;相位角
9 iot aiot 约塔微小，一点儿
10 kappa kap 卡帕介质常数
11 lambda lambd 兰布达波长(小写);体积
12 mu mju 缪磁导系数;微(千分之一);放大因数(小写)
13 nu nju 纽磁阻系数
14 xi ksi 克西
15 omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎
16 pi pai 派圆周率=圆周直径=3.1416
17 rho rou 肉电阻系数(小写)
18 sigma `sigma 西格马总和(大写)，外表密度;跨导(小写)
19 tau tau 套时间常数
20 upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙位移
21 phi fai 佛爱磁通;角
22 chi phai 西
23 psi psai 普西角速;介质电通量(静电力线);角
24 omega o`miga 欧米伽欧姆(大写);角速(小写);角。
数学公式的英文读法
x
1
y y
y
xy / x multiplied by y x
x
x
x
y
y
x
the equals sign x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x (is) not equal to 5
x
5
1
5
x 5
x
x ≡ y
x≡y
x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
x
x
y
n! x ˆ x ¯ x ˜ xi
i
x
n i=1
ai
the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai
a
a
4. Linear algebra x − − → OA OA AT A−1 the norm (or modulus) of x OA / vector OA
x
OA
x
OA
OA / the length of the segment OA A transpose / the transpose of A A inverse / the inverse of A A 2
OA
A A
A
5. Functions f (x) x → y f (x) f (x) f (x) f (4) (x) ∂f ∂ x1 ∂2f ∂ x2 1 ∞
x
x
the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 f the integral from zero to infinity the limit as x approaches zero the limit as x approaches zero from above the limit as x approaches zero from below
数学符号、公式的英语读法
数学符号和公式的英语读法如下：1.加号"+" 读作"plus"。
2.减号"-" 读作"minus"。
3.乘号"×" 读作"times"。
4.除号"÷" 读作"divided by"。
5.等号"=" 读作"equals"。
6.大于号">" 读作"greater than"。
7.小于号"<" 读作"less than"。
8.不等号"≠" 读作"not equal to"。
9.大于等于号"≥" 读作"greater than or equal to"。
10.小于等于号"≤" 读作"less than or equal to"。
11.约等于号"≈" 读作"approximately equals"。
12.百分号"%" 读作"percent"。
13.度数符号"°" 读作"degree"。
14.开方号"√" 读作"square root"。
15.正负号"±" 读作"plus or minus"。
16.正负平方根号"∛" 读作"cubed root"。
17.正负立方根号"∛" 读作"cubed root"。
英语数学公式、数字、符号的表达法
英语数学公式、数字、符号的表达法!轩治峰（商丘师范学院外语系商丘市!"#$$$）摘要本文主要解决理科专业英语和双语教学中英语算式、方程式、公式中的数字、符号、等式及公式的表达方法。
方法为查阅各种有关资料，收集其表达和读法。
通过查阅资料，本文记述了算术四则运算、分数、小数、比例、乘方、开方、对数、三角函数、集合、函数、几何、微积分等的符号、数字和公式的表达方法和读法，为科技英语教学和学习提供参考。
关键词数学符号算式公式表达法!"#$%&’$%&’()*(+,’+-.&/,(0(’*/,.+-/12+)..&’’3(*’,,/+1,+-.&’,456+7,，,/81,，0121)56’*,+-50.&’50./9,/1:187/,&.’09&/18;%&’0).&+*&0,8+1’.&*+)8&.&’<0*/+),=/12,+-.’3.6++=,+150.&’> 50./9,，,)9&0,0*/.&5’./9，8’+5’.*4，078’6*0，9079)7),，-)19./+1,012+.&’**’-’*’19’6++=,0129+77’9.’2 077.4(’,+-’3(*’,,/+1,，0,?’770,(*+1)19/0./+1,，+-,456+7,，,/81,0121)56’*,/1.&’’@)0./+1,+-50.&>’50./9,012+.&’*,9/’19’,，/1&+(’+-+--’*/18,+5’&’7(.+7’0*1/18012.’09&/18:187/,&/150.&’50./9,+* ,9/’1./-/9:187/,&;()*+,%-#50.&’50./9,,456+7,012,/81,’@)0./+1,-+*5)70’3(*’,,/+1,在大学中，越来越多的学科在尝试英汉双语教学，高年级大学英语也朝专业英语方向发展，而且，在理科学科中，数学、物理等课程中的算式、方程式以及公式是最基本的表达形式。
数学公式符号的英语读法
x>y x≥y x<y x≤y 0<x<1 0≤x≤1 |x| x
2
x3 x4 xn x−n √ x √ 3 x √ 4 x √ n x (x + y ) x y n! x ˆ x ¯ x ˜ xi
n 2
x plus y all squared x over y all squared n factorial x hat x bar x tilde xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i
大写 小写 英文注音 国际音标注音 中文注音 Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ ∧ Μ Ν Ξ Ο ∏ Ρ ∑ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ alpha beta gamma deta epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa lambda mu nu xi omicron pi rho sigma tau upsilon phi chi psi alfa beta gamma delta epsilon zeta eta θita iota kappa lambda miu niu ksi omikron pai rou sigma tau jupsilon fai khai psai 阿耳法 贝塔 伽马 德耳塔 艾普西隆 截塔 艾塔 西塔 约塔 卡帕 兰姆达 缪 纽 可塞 奥密可戎 派 柔 西格马 套 衣普西隆 斐 喜 普西 Ω ω omega omiga 欧米伽
ai
i=1
the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai
数学公式的英文读法
Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (e a difference in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the fo x + (y + z ) and (x + y ) + z √ √ ax + b and ax + b an − 1 and an−1
lim
lim
lim
lБайду номын сангаасge y ln y
log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (
log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (
Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing math sions and in many cases there is no generally accepted “correct” pronuncia
2
x>y x≥y x<y x≤y 0<x<1 0≤x≤1 |x| x
2
x3 x4 xn x−n √ x √ 3 x √ 4 x √ n x (x + y ) x y n! x ˆ x ¯ x ˜ xi
n 2
x plus y all squared x over y all squared n factorial x hat x bar x tilde xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i
数学中公式的英文读法
1.Logic∃ there exist∀ for allp⇒q p implies q / if p, then qp⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of Ax∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AA⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of BA⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA∪B A cup B / A join B / A union BA\B A minus B / the diference between A and BA×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3. Real numbersx+1 x plus onex-1 x minus onex±1 x plus or minus onexy xy / x multiplied by y(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus yx y x over y= the equals signx = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) yx > y x is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx < y x is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 10≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus xx 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx −n x to the (power) minus nx (square) root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root (of) xx 4 fourth root (of) xx n nth root (of) x( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared( x y ) 2 x over y all squaredn! n factorialx ^ x hatx ¯ x barx ˜ x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs fro m 1 to n of the a i4. Linear algebra‖ x ‖ the norm (or modulus) of xOA → OA / vector OAOA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose / the transpose of AA −1 A inverse / the inverse of A5. Functionsf( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to yf'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to xf'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with res pect to xf (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x∂f∂ x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 ∫ 0 ∞ the integral from zero to infinitylim x→0 the limit as x approaches zerolim x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from abovelim x→ 0 − the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) ylny log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y。
数学公式英文字母读法
17.2.1999/H.V¨a liahoPronunciation of mathematical expressionsThe pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below.In general,the shortest versions are preferred(unless greater precision is necessary).1.Logic∃there exists∀for allp⇒q p implies q/if p,then qp⇔q p if and only if q/p is equivalent to q/p and q are equivalent2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A/x is an element(or a member)of Ax/∈A x does not belong to A/x is not an element(or a member)of AA⊂B A is contained in B/A is a subset of BA⊃B A contains B/B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B/A meet B/A intersection BA∪B A cup B/A join B/A union BA\B A minus B/the difference between A and BA×B A cross B/the cartesian product of A and B3.Real numbersx+1x plus onex−1x minus onex±1x plus or minus onexy xy/x multiplied by y(x−y)(x+y)x minus y,x plus yxx over yy=the equals signx=5x equals5/x is equal to5x=5x(is)not equal to5x≡y x is equivalent to(or identical with)yx≡y x is not equivalent to(or identical with)yx>y x is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx<y x is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0<x<1zero is less than x is less than10≤x≤1zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to1|x|mod x/modulus xx2x squared/x(raised)to the power2x3x cubedx4x to the fourth/x to the power fourx n x to the n th/x to the power nx−n x to the(power)minus n√x(square)root x/the square root of x√x cube root(of)x3√x fourth root(of)x4√x n th root(of)xn(x+y)2x plus y all squaredx y 2x over y all squaredn!n factorialˆx x hat¯x x bar˜x x tildex i xi/x subscript i/x suffix i/x sub ini=1a i the sum from i equals one to n a i/the sum as i runs from1to n of the a i4.Linear algebrax the norm(or modulus)of x−−→OA OA/vector OAOA OA/the length of the segment OAA T A transpose/the transpose of AA−1A inverse/the inverse of A5.Functionsf(x)fx/f of x/the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y/x is sent(or mapped)to yf (x)f prime x/f dash x/the(first)derivative of f with respect to xf (x)f double–prime x/f double–dash x/the second derivative of f withrespect to xf (x)f triple–prime x/f triple–dash x/the third derivative of f with respectto xf(4)(x)f four x/the fourth derivative of f with respect to x∂f∂x1the partial(derivative)of f with respect to x1∂2f ∂x1the second partial(derivative)of f with respect to x1∞0the integral from zero to infinitylimx→0the limit as x approaches zerolimx→+0the limit as x approaches zero from abovelimx→−0the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e/log to the base e of y/natural log(of)yln y log y to the base e/log to the base e of y/natural log(of)yIndividual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expres-sions and in many cases there is no generally accepted“correct”pronunciation. Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech;thus the sounds fx may be interpreted as any of:fx,f(x),f x,F X,F X,−−→F X.The difference is usually made clear by the context;it is only when confusion may occur,or where he/she wishes to emphasise the point,that the mathematician will use the longer forms:f multiplied by x,the function f of x,f subscript x,line F X,the length of the segment F X,vector F X.Similarly,a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech(except sometimes a difference in intonation or length of pauses)between pairs such as the following:x+(y+z)and(x+y)+z√ax+b and√a n−1and a n−1The primary reference has been David Hall with Tim Bowyer,Nucleus,English for Science and Technology,Mathematics,Longman1980.Glen Anderson and Matti Vuorinen have given good comments and supplements.。
英文经常使用数学符号公式和等式的读法
一、常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法 + 加号,加 plus + 正号 positive - 减号,减 minus - 负号,负 negetive ± 加或减 plus or minus ± 正或负 plus or minus · 乘 multiplied by times into ÷ 除 divided by : 比 proportional to = 等号 equal sign = 等于 to equal,to equals > 大于 greater than < 小于 less than ≥大于等于 greater than or equal ≤小于等于less than or equal ≡恒等于 identical with ≈约等于 approximately equal ≌全等于 congruent ～等价于 equivalent to; 相似于 similar to →趋近于 approaches ( ) 括号,括弧 1) parentheses;parenthesis;sign parenthesis 圆括号,圆括弧 2) round brackets [ ] 方括号1) squre [angular] brackets 括号2) brackets { } 花括号 braces ∑求和summstion of;sigma 从 1到n的和 the sum form i equalsone to n;sigma 从1到n的积 the product formi equalsone to n x1 +x2+x3+ΛΛ x one x two plus x three,etc(et cetera) a=b 1) a equals to b 2) a is equal to b 3) a is b a≠b a is not equal to b;a is not b a>b a is greater than b a a≥b a is greater than or equal to b a≤b a is less than or equal to b a≈b a approximately equal (s) b a∝b a varies directly as b;a is (directly) proportional to b a∈A a is member of set A A⊂B A is contained in B;A is a proper subset of B AIB A intersection B AYB A union { }或φ empty set ⇒ implies ⇔ is equivalent to xRy x is in therelation R to y a±b a plus or minus b (a+b)(a-b) a plus b,a minus b (a+b)2 a plus b all squared (a÷b)2 a over b all squared n! n factorial;factorial n a% a persent |a| mod a;modulus a x→∞ x approaches infinity 0< x 0≤x≤a zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to a c=a.b 1)c equals (is equal to) a multiplied by b 2) c equals a times b 1:2 the ratio of one to two 1/2 a half;one half 1/3 a third;one third 1/100 a[one] hundredth 1/1000 a[one] thousandth 0.1(.1) zero point one;nought point one 0.01(.01) zero point zero one;nought point nought one 3.1416 three point one four one six 14. one four point one four,one four recurring a:b the ratio of a to b a:b=c 1) a devided by b equals c 2) a devided by b is c 3)the ratio of a to b is c a:b=c:d 1) the ratio of a to b equals the ratio of c to d 2) a is to b as c is to d a+b>c a plus b is greater then c a+b< then b plus> a+b=c a plus b is (are;equals;is equal to) c a-b=c a minus b(b from a) is(equals;is equal to;leaves) c (a,b) a<X [a,b]a≤x≤b the closed interval from a to b (a,b) the interval a<X≤B< td> [a,b] the interval a≤x<B< td> a<X a≤x≤b a is less then or equal to x is less then or equal to b logax logarithm (base) of x lnx natural logarithm of x x2 1)x square;x squured 2) x to the second power 3) x raised to the second power 4) the square of x 5) the second power of x 6) x to the second x3 1)x cube;x cubed 2) x to the third power 3) x raised to the third power 4) the cube of x 5) the third power of x 6) x to the third x n 1)x to the n-th power 2) x raised to the n-th power 3) the n-th power of x 4) x to the n-th x-n 1) x to the minus n-th 2) x to the minus n-th power radical =b 1) the square root of ais(equals) b 2) the square root out of a is(equals) b the square root of a the cube root of a the cube root the n-th root a′ a prime a n 1) a second prime 2) a double prime 3) a twice dashed; a m 1) a triple prime 2) a third prime a1 1) a sub one 2) a first a2 1) a sub two 2) a seconda m 1) a sub m 2) a m-th a'm 1) a prime,sub m 2) a sub m,prime a'1 a first prime a n2 a second, second prime y first derivative of y second derivative of y dy/dx first derivative of y with respect to x d2y/dx2 second derivative of y with respect to x y=f(x) y is a function of x ∫ integral of 1) integral of……from a to b 2) integral of……between limits a and b capital L equals the square root of (out of ) capital R square plus minus x square a to the m by n-thpower equals the n-th root of (out of) a to the m-th power P=∞ p is equal to infinity ∠ angle ⊥ perpendicular;is perpendicular to ∥ parallel;is parallel to △ABC triangje ABC vector F a bar ≌ is congruent to ～ is similar t A-1 inverse of matrix A % percent 二、英语缩写词abs absolute绝对的absolutely绝对地A.D Anno Domini公元ad inf ad infinitum趋于无限ads address地址agg aggregate总数、共计al algebra代数alt altitude高度alternate交错,交替上述的a.m above-mentioned算术平均a.m.arithmeticmeanamt amount数量ans answer答案、解答、回答与或非AoI and-or-inverter等差数列A.P arithmeticprogressionappl application应用appr approximate近似、约计appx appendix附录arg argument自变数,幅角arith arithmetic算术aut automatic自动的auxiliary辅助的aux,auxilav,avg average平均Ax Axiom公理公元前B.C BeforeChrist二进制编码的十进制BCD Binary CodedDecimal二进制编码的八进制BC.O Binary CodedOctal℃(c)centigrate摄氏度C cubic立方的cycle周centi厘,百分之一ca circa大约计算机辅助设计CAD Computer-Aided Design计算机辅助教学CAI Computer-AidedInstructioncalcd calculated计算的cat catalog (ue)目录,一览表逆时针方向C.C.W Counter-Clockwise中心距离c.d centredistancecf.confer参看、见、比较重心cg center ofgravity厘米·克·秒(单位)制C.G.S CentimetreGrammeSecondCh.Chapter章chap chapter章char character字符cir circular圆形的圆周circum circumferencecit cited引用ckt circuit电路C.l.center-line中心线算术平均法,平均高度法C.L.A center lineaveragemethodcm centimetre厘米coeff.coefficient系数com common公,公共col column行,纵行,栏,项目,柱pare比较con contra相反conclusion结论圆锥曲线con.sec conicsectionsconst constant常数construction作图continued续,接cont(contd)Contr.Contracted省略的Contraction省略Cor corollary推论,系cp compare比较ct constant常数circuit电路,线路ctr (s)center (s)中心cu (cub)cubic立方C.W.clockwise顺时针方向CY cycle周期,周d degree度D density密度diameter直径date日期数字计算机D.C.digitalcomputer微分方程D.E differentialequationdefinition定义def(def’n)deg degree度求证demon demonstrativeden density密度der derivative导数,微商det detail详细,细节,详图(十进)小数DF decimalfractiondia (m)diameter直径diag diagram图,图解diff difference差,不同DIV divide除Do (d°)ditto同上,同前,如前所述doub double加倍,二倍,成双的,成倍的数据处理DP dataprocessingE east东edit edition版,版本允许的误差e.e errorexpected例如e.g exempligratia=forexampleeq.equal相等eqequation等式,方程(eq’n)esp.especially特别et al et alii及其他et alibi及别处etc et cetera等等et seq et sequentia及以下等等ex (s)example(s)例exercise练习,习题extra特别的ext external外部的exterior在外f frequency频率fig figure图,图形fn function函数,功能FQCY frequency频率fxd fixed固定的,不变的g(gm)gramme克平均值GA generalaverageG.C.D greatest 最大公约数commondivisor最大公因子G.C.F greatestcommonfactor最大公约数G.C.M greatestcommonmeasuregeom.geometry几何学等比数列,几何数列G.P geometricalprogressiongr(grm)gram克h hour小时height高,高度最高公因式,最大公约数H.C.F.highestcommonfactorhf half半hor horizontal水平的hr hour小时hyp hypothesis假设ibibidem在同处(书,文献等出处) (ibid)id idem同前,同上,同作者,同样iden identical恒等,全等即,就是,换言之i.e id est=thatisig idem quod如同逆(反)时针的ih invertedhourim image图像inc increase增加ind index索引,指标,刻度indef indefinite无限,不定in.ex in extenso全部inf infinity无穷大,无限大infra上、下限逆(反)时针的inh invertedhourint interior内部的,在内int.al inter alia尤其I/O input/output输入/输出信息技术IT informationtechnology信息论informationtheory独立变数IV independentvariableJ journal期刊,杂志jour journal期刊,杂志kg kilogram千克km kilometer千克l length长度l.c loco citato上述引文中最小公倍数(式)L.C.M.least commonmultiple最低公倍式Lowest commonmultipleLgth length长度l.h left hand左方,左侧lim limit极限lin linear直线的,一次的,线性的lit liter(公)升loc location位置loc.cit loco citato上述引文中最低(数)位,最右(数)位ISD leastsignificantdigitM mega兆(106)mille千M(m)medium中间,中等m metre米milli毫(10-3)million兆(106)minute分钟μ(mu)micro微(10-6)平均绝对误差mae meanabsoluteerrormag magnitude量,大小math mathematical数学的mathematics数学max maximum最大,最大值min minimum最小,最小值minute分钟mo (s)month(s)月mon monthly月刊MS mean square均方n net净N number数,编号,第…号North北Northern北方的n.a.s.c necessaryandsufficie nt condition充要条件,充分且必要的条件N.B nota bene=note well注意neg negative负的Net network网络No(s)number(s)数,编号,第…号nr near在…附近O.D.E.ordinarydifferentialequation常微分方程opp opposed相反的,对面ord ordinary普通的,通常的p page页PAR parallel平行的,平行线,并联的par paragraph节,段P.C.per cent百分比pcs pieces个,件,份P.D.E partialdifferentialequation偏微分方程PERT programevaluationandreview techniques计划评审技术(统筹方法) ph phase相位,相pos positive正的pp pages负(复数)p.p proportional 比例部分partPr pair偶,对pr(pri,pry)primary初级,最初的prep perpendicular垂直,正交proc proceeding学报,会刊ps pseudo伪,假pt(s)part(s)部分p.t.o please turnover 请见(本页的)反面,请翻到下页q question问题q.e quod est这就是,即Q.E D quod eratdemonstrandum 证毕,证完,这就是所要证的,所求证者w.r.t with respectto关于,相对于。
苏版小学数学公式之数学符号读法
苏版小学数学公式之数学符号读法学好数学的关键在于明白得并把握数学公式，接下来小编就为大伙儿整理了一篇相关的文章人教版小学数学公式之数学符号读法，期望能够关心到大伙儿!1 alpha a:lf 阿尔法角度;系数2 beta bet 贝塔磁通系数;角度;系数3 gamma ga:m 伽马电导系数(小写)4 delta delt 德尔塔变动;密度;屈光度5 epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙对数之基数6 zeta zat 截塔系数;方位角;阻抗;相对粘度;原子序数7 eta eit 艾塔磁滞系数;效率(小写)8 thet it 西塔温度;相位角9 iot aiot 约塔微小，一点儿10 kappa kap 卡帕介质常数11 lambda lambd 兰布达波长(小写);体积12 mu mju 缪磁导系数;微(千分之一);放大因数(小写)13 nu nju 纽磁阻系数14 xi ksi 克西15 omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 pi pai 派圆周率=圆周直径=3.141617 rho rou 肉电阻系数(小写)18 sigma `sigma 西格马总和(大写)，表面密度;跨导(小写)19 tau tau 套时刻常数20 upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙位移21 phi fai 佛爱磁通;角22 chi phai 西23 psi psai 普西角速;介质电通量(静电力线);角死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。
但随着素养教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力进展的教学方式,慢慢为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。
事实上,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素养并不矛盾。
相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。
事实上,任何一门学科都离不开死记硬背,关键是经历有技巧,“死记”之后会“活用”。
不记住那些基础知识,如何会向高层次进军?专门是语文学科涉猎的范畴专门广,要真正提高学生的写作水平,单靠分析文章的写作技巧是远远不够的,必须从基础知识抓起,每天挤一点时刻让学生“死记”名篇佳句、名言警句,以及丰富的词语、新颖的材料等。
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1.Logic\exists there exist\forall for allp q p implies q / if p, then qp q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Setsx∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of Ax A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A B A is contained in B / A is a subset of BA B A contains B / B is a subset of AA∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BA∪B A cup B / A join B / A union BA\B A minus B / the diference between A and BA×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3.Real numbersx+1 x plus onex-1 x minus onex±1 x plus or minus onexy xy / x multiplied by y(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus yx y x over y= the equals signx = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) yx > y x is greater than yx≥y x is greater than or equal to yx < y x is less than yx≤y x is less than or equal to y0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 10≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1| x | mod x / modulus xx 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx n x to the (power) minus nx (square) root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root (of) xx 4 fourth root (of) xx n nth root (of) x( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared( x y ) 2 x over y all squaredn! n factorialx ^ x hatx ¯ x barx x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4.Linear algebra‖x ‖ the norm (or modulus) of xOA → OA / vector OAOA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose / the transpose of AA 1 A inverse / the inverse of A5.Functionsf( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of xf:S→T a function f from S to Tx→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to yf'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x f'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf^{(4)}( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to xf x_1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1^2 f x_1^2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x_1∫_0^∞ the integral from zero to infinity\underset{x\to 0}\lim the limit as x approaches zero\underset{x\to 0+}\lim the limit as x approaches zero from above\underset{x\to 0-}\lim the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog_e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) ylny log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数natural number整数小数de integer cimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram专业术语词汇代数部分1.有关数学运算add，plus加subtract减difference差 multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式 range值域 original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22)4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数 numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator（最小）公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数 exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量 inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32 round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数 consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15…… prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数 common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子 ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的 tens十位units个位 mode众数median中数 common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8.其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的其它1.单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个) Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart) yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天) common year平年(365天) depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price标价markup涨价per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平数学学科名称翻译数学分析Mathematical Analysis实变函数Functions of Real Variable泛函分析Functional Analysis极限分析Limit Analysis复变函数Complex Variables Functions线性代数Linear Algebra高等代数Advanced Algebra近世代数Modern Algebra抽象代数Abstract Algebra集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure常微分方程Ordinary Differentical Equations偏微分方程Partial Differential Equation偏微分方程数值解Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equation微分方程Differential Equation微分方程数值解Numerical solution of partial defferential equatio数理方程Mathematical Equations数理方程积分变换Integral Transmission of Mathematical Equation数理方程与特殊函数Equations of Mathmatical Physics & Special Functions 变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations概率论Probability Theory概率与统计Probability & Statistics概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process随机过程Stochastic Process & Time Series Analysis时间序列Time Sequence统计学Statistics多元统计分析Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis解析几何Analytic Geometry微分几何Defferential Geometry拓朴学Topology计算方法Computational Method数值分析Numerical Analysis数值计算Digital Computation计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation有限元法及应用Finite Element & its Application并行算法Parallel Algorithmic运筹学Operational Research最优化Optimum Theory最优化方法Optimal Method最优化基础Basis of Optimum数学规划Mathematical Planning线性规划Linear Programming非线性规划Non-Linear Programming动态规划Dynamic Programming数学模型Mathematical Modening多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method图论Graph Theory图论算法Algorithm on Graph Theory图论与组合Graphing & Grouping图论与组合优化Graphing & Optimal Grouping 随机运筹学Randomized Operational Research控制理论Theory of Control控制理论基础Elementary Theory of Control线性系统与分析Linear System & Analysis系统建模与响应System Modeling & Response 人工智能Artificial Intelligence最优控制Optimal Control信息论Informatics信息论与编码Informatics & Coding数理逻辑Mathematical Logic离散数学Discrete Mathematics模糊数学Fuzzy MathematicsC语言C LanguageC++程序设计C++ Program Designing。