您的位置：360文档中心› 2018年上海奉贤区高三二模试卷(附标准答案)

2018年上海奉贤区高三二模试卷(附标准答案)

合集下载

2018年上海市奉贤区高考物理二模试卷(含详解)

2018年上海市奉贤区高考物理二模试卷(含详解)

2018年上海市奉贤区高考物理二模试卷一、选择题（共40分，第1-8小题，每题3分，第9-12小题，每题4分）1．（3分）汤姆孙通过对阴极射线研究，发现了（）A．电子B．质子C．中子D．原子核式结构2．（3分）光在真空中传播，每份光子的能量取决于光的（）A．振幅B．强弱C．频率D．速度3．（3分）下列用科学家名字命名的单位，属于基本单位的是（）A．安培B．牛顿C．库仑D．特斯拉4．（3分）经过一次β衰变，原子核（）A．少一个中子B．少一个质子C．少一个核子D．多一个核子5．（3分）如图，a、b两人绕一圆形花园健身步行，设两人做匀速圆周运动，若a、b所在位置与圆心O始终在一直线上，则（）A．a的线速度较大B．a的角速度较大C．b的转速较大D．b的加速度较大6．（3分）如图为一定质量的理想气体的P﹣T图象，从状态a沿直线变化到状态b，气体的（）A．体积逐渐增大B．体积逐渐减小C．分子平均动能增大D．分子平均动能减小7．（3分）如图所示，竖直放置的气缸内有一质量不可忽略的光滑活塞，封闭了一定质量的理想气体。

现保持温度不变，把气缸稍微倾斜一点，重新平衡后，气体的（）A．压强不变B．压强变小C．体积不变D．体积变小8．（3分）在“研究共点力的合成”实验中，F1、F2是用两弹簧秤同时拉橡皮筋到O点的拉力，F表示以F1、F2为邻边的平行四边形对角线，F'表示用一弹簧秤拉橡皮筋到O点时的拉力。

则合理的图（）A．B．C．D．9．（4分）两根平行放置的长直绝缘导线M、N，通以同向等大的电流如图。

在它们正中间放有一金属圆环，则可以使圆环中产生顺时针感应电流的是（）A．增大M中电流B．增大N中电流C．导线N向右移D．将两电流同时反向10．（4分）如图，物体A以速度v从地面竖直上抛，同时物体B从某高处自由下落，经过时间t正好以速度v落地。

以向上为正方向，不计空气阻力，两物体在时间t内的位移﹣﹣时间图象可能是（）A．B．C．D．11．（4分）如图，通电螺线管内放有一个小磁针，静止时小磁针S极向上，现在螺线管外部中央放一根通有垂直纸面向里电流的直导线。

上海市奉贤区2018年高三第二学期期中(二模)学科质量检测历史试题及答案(word解析版

上海市奉贤区2018年高三第二学期期中(二模)学科质量检测历史试题及答案(word解析版

奉贤区2017-2018学年第二学期等级考质量监测高三年级历史学科试卷2018.4考生注意：1．考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分。

每题只有一个答案）1. 公元前221年，秦结束分裂局面，实现统一。

该时间可表述为A．公元前2世纪早期 B. 公元前3世纪早期C. 公元前2世纪末期D. 公元前3世纪末期2. 右图是根据福建泉州出土的宋代海船复原的模型。

以下说法不正确的是A. 是研究宋代对外贸易的直接证据B. 是研究宋代海上丝绸之路的资料C. 能反映宋朝时期高超的造船技术D. 能反映宋代的对外贸易途径泉州3．“天子受命于天，天下受命于天子，一国则受命于君。

……受命之君，天意之所予也。

”董仲舒的这一主张可概括为A．“天理一体” B．“君权神授”C．“三纲五常” D．“大一统”4．日本中央政府的机构中至今仍保留着“……省”的名称。

“省”的提法与中国古代哪一时期创设的中央官制有直接关联？A．秦汉时期 B．隋唐时期C．宋元时期 D．明清时期5. 以下为中国古代历代中央机构演变示意图。

按出现时间先后排序正确的是①②③④A．②③①④ B. ②①③④C. ②④①③D. ②①④③6．章学诚在《文史通义》中认为著书者的心术当是A．史学 B．史才C．史识 D．史德7．“前者史家，不过记述人间一二有权力者兴亡隆替之事，虽名为史，实不过一人一家之谱牒”。

为改变这种现状，梁启超提出A．写全体国民的历史 B．以进化史观为准绳C．鉴于往事有资治道 D．文献与考古相印证8．1852年，英国驻广州代办说：“经过和这么一个大国家开放贸易10年之久……拥有如此庞大人口的中国，其消费我们的制造品竟不及荷兰的一半……”为此，英国A．扩大国内生产规模 B．纠结法国发动战争C．决定对华资本输出 D．提出划分势力范围9．右图是创作于1908年，反映清末新政的一幅漫画。

2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题及答案

2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题及答案

2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题及答案上海市奉贤区2018届高三下学期调研测试英语试卷考生注意：1．本试卷分为第I卷(第1-12页)和第II卷(第13页)两部分。

全卷共13页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

2．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号（区统一编号，9位），并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置上正确涂写准考证号。

3．第I卷第1—16小题、41—77小题采用多项选择题形式，答案必须涂写在答题纸相应的位置上，写在试卷上无效。

第I卷中的第17—40小题、第78—81小题和第II卷的答案必须用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.2.A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied.C. Bored.D. Exhausted.3.A. Because she didn’t likehim. B. Because visiting hours were over.C. Because he didn’t hearD. Because she needed to rest.the bell.4.A. Stop the bus. B. Walk to the zoo.C. Cross the street.D. Call the police.5.A. On a farm. B. In a planeC. In a coffee shop.D. In a restaurant.6.A. A manager. B. A teacher.C. A worker.D. A secretary.7.A. $5. B. $10. C. $15. D. $50.8.A. He is careless about his appearance.B. He is ashamed of his present condition.C. He changes his job frequently.D. He shaves every other day.9. A. Training for the Middle Atlantic Championship.B. Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic (跨大西洋的) trip.C. Collecting information about baseball games.D. Analyzing their opponents’ on-field performance.10. A. Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B. Jane should have started a little earlier.C. He knows what sort of person Jane is.D. He is annoyed at having to wait for Jane.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, andyou will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paperand decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Teaching music. B. Repairing musicalinstruments.C. Writing music.D. Making musical instruments.12. A. Teamwork and patience. B. The value of time.C. The truth of society.D. Diligence and confidence.13. A. How to repair musical instruments. B. How to preparea musical performance.C. Learning experiences of a repairman.D. The enjoyable job of a music lover.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Equipping students with knowledge. B. Qualifying students for certain jobs.C. Developing students’habits of mind.D. Helping students to go to graduate school.15. A. The ability to have critical analysis.B. Creative use of leisure time.C. Logical use of information.D. Willingness to accept uncertainty.16. A. Goals to reach in a college education.B. Roles of knowledge in students’ growth.C. Qualifications needed for a job.D. Importance of after-class activities.Section CDirections In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks withthe information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections Directions After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form。

奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案

奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案

奉贤区2018学年第二学期区调研测试高三数学二模卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分一、填空题（第1题到第6题每题4分，第7题到第12题每题5分，满分54分）1．计算行列式2cossin 32sin3cosππππ=_____________． 2．在62⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+x x 的展开式中常数项为_____________． 3．设函数()c x f y x+==2log 的图像经过点()5,2，则()x f y =的反函数()x f 1-=_______．4．参数方程⎩⎨⎧=+=θθsin cos 2y x [)()πθθ2,0,∈为参数表示的普通方程为________．5．若关于y x ,的二元一次线性方程组的增广矩阵是⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛26011a ，该方程组的解为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛2c ，则=+c a _____________．6．若y x ,满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+≤+≥-2620y x y x y x ，则y x 3+的最小值为_________．7．设等比数列{}n a 中，首项01<a ，若{}n a 是递增数列，则公比q 的取值范围是 ． 8．双曲线的右焦点恰好是x y 42=的焦点，它的两条渐近线的夹角为2π，则双曲线的标准方程为_________．9．已知函数()x f y =是定义在R 上的奇函数，且在[)+∞,0单调递减，当2019=+y x 时，恒有()()()y f f x f >+2019成立，则x 的取值范围是_________．10．随机选取集合{5}地，，莘南铁号线BRT 线的非空子集A 和B 且∅≠B A I 的概率 是_________． 11．实系数一元二次方程012=++bx ax ()0≠ab 的两个虚根21,z z ，1z 的实部()0e 1<z R ，则2120202920202120z z mm m --+的模等于1，则实数=m ________． 12．设点P 在以A 为圆心，半径为1的圆弧上运动（包含B 、C 两个端点），π32=∠BAC ，且AC y AB x AP +=，xy y x ++的取值范围为_________．二、选择题（单项选择题，每题5分，满分20分）13．在等差数列{}n a 中，设*,,,N r p l k ∈，则r p l k +>+是r p l k a a a a +>+的（ ）A ．充分非必要条件B ．必要非充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既非充分非必要条件．14．如左下图的后母戊鼎（原称司母戊鼎）是迄今为止世界上出土最大、最重的青铜礼器，有“镇国之宝”的美誉．后母戊鼎双耳立，折沿宽缘，直壁，深腹，平底，下承中空“柱足”，造型厚重端庄，气势恢宏，是中国青铜时代辉煌文明的见证．上右图为鼎足近似模型的三视图（单位：cm ）．经该鼎青铜密度为a （单位：kg /cm 3），则根据三视图信息可得一个“柱足”的重量约为（重量＝体积×密度，单位：kg ）（ ） A ．πa 1250 B ．πa 5000 C ．πa 3750 D ．πa 15000． 15． 已知ABC ∆的周长为12，()()2,0,2,0C B -，则顶点A 的轨迹方程为（ ）A ．()01161222≠=+x y x B ．()01161222≠=+y y x C ．()01121622≠=+x y x D ．()01121622≠=+y y x ．16．设有000C B A ∆，作它的内切圆，得到的三个切点确定一个新的三角形111C B A ∆，再作111C B A ∆的内切圆，得到的三个切点又确定一个新的三角形222C B A ∆，以此类推，一次一次不停地作下去可以得到一个三角形序列()Λ,3,2,1=∆n C B A n n n ，它们的尺寸越来越小，则最终这些三角形的极限情形是（ ）A ．等边三角形B ．直角三角形C ．与原三角形相似D ．以上均不对．三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17．已知θαθcos ,sin ,sin 成等差数列，θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，（1）若6πα=，求θ；（2）求βα2cos 212cos -的值．18．如图，在四棱锥ABCD P -中，PD PA ⊥，PDPA =，AD 的中点是E，ABCD PE 面⊥，AD AB ⊥，5,2,1====CD AC AD AB ， （1）求异面直线PC 与AB 所成角的大小；（2）求面PDC 与平面PAB 所成二面角的大小．19．国家质量监督检验检疫局于2004年5月31日发布了新的《车辆驾驶人员血液、呼气酒精含量阀值与检验》国家标准．新标准规定，车辆驾驶人员血液中的酒精含量大于或等于20毫克/百毫升，小于80毫克/百毫升为饮酒驾车，血液中的酒精含量大于或等于80毫克/百毫升为醉酒驾车．经过反复试验，喝一瓶啤酒后酒精在人体血液中的变化规律的“散点图”如下图，该函数近似模型如下：()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥+<≤+⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=-2,18.1027.5420,42.47233.02x ex x a x f x． 又已知刚好过1小时时测得酒精含量值为44.42毫克/百毫升．根据上述条件，解答以下问题：（1）试计算喝1瓶啤酒多少小时血液中的酒精含量达到最大值？最大值是多少？ （2）试计算喝1瓶啤酒后多少小时后才可以驾车？（时间以整分钟计算）20．已知两点()()0,2,0,221F F -，动点P 在y 轴上的射影是H ，且22121PF PF =⋅，（1）求动点P 的轨迹方程；（2）设直线21,PF PF 的两个斜率存在，分别记为21,k k ，若121=k k ，求点P 的坐标； （3）若经过点()0,1-N 的直线l 与动点P 的轨迹有两个交点为T 、Q ，74=时，求直线l 的方程.21．统计学中将()*,2N n n n ∈≥个数n x x x ,,,21Λ的和记作∑=ni ix1（1）设133-=n b n ()*Nn ∈，求∑=101i i b ；（2）是否存在互不相等的非负整数n a a a a ,,,,321Λ，n a a a a <<<≤Λ3210,使得201921=∑=ni a i成立，若存在，请写出推理的过程；若不存在请证明；（3）设n x x x x ,,,,321Λ()3≥n 是不同的正实数，a x =1，对任意的()3*≥∈n N n ，都有2122212111221x x x x x x x x x n n i i i n --=∑-=+，判断n x x x x ,,,,321Λ是否为一个等比数列，请说明理由.奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案 2019年4月一、填空题（1-6，每个4分，7-12每个5分，合计54分）1、02、160（必须要化简）3、R x x ∈-,24(可以不写定义域) 4、22(2)1x y -+=或03422=++-y x x5、5a c +=6、2-7、(0,1) 8、2211122x y -=（标准方程是唯一的表达形式），9、0∞（-，）或0<x 或{}0<x x 1011、2 12、[1,3] 二、选择题（每个5分，合计20分）13、D 14、C 15、A 16、A三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17、（1）因为θαθcos ,sin ,sin成等差数列，所以2sin sin cos αθθ=+··········2分又6πα=，所以sin cos 1θθ+=，即sin()42πθ+=所以2k θπ=或22k πθπ=+，k Z ∈·····················2分解出⎩⎨⎧==0cos 1sin θθ或⎩⎨⎧==1cos 0sin θθ····················1分因为θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，所以θ的解集是空集···················1分 方法二：θαθcos ,sin ,sin 成等差数列，所以2sin sin cos αθθ=+··········2分 又6πα=，所以sin cos 1θθ+=，1cos sin22=+θθ，解出⎩⎨⎧==0cos 1sin θθ或⎩⎨⎧==1cos 0sin θθ····················3分因为θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，所以θ的解集是空集···················1分（2）因为θαθcos ,sin ,sin 成等差数列，所以2sin sin cos αθθ=+因为θβθcos ,sin ,sin 成等比数列，所以2sin sin cos βθθ=⋅···················2分 所以2211cos 2cos 212sin (12sin )22αβαβ-=---·················2分 2sin cos 112()(12sin cos )22θθθθ+=---⋅·················2分 111sin cos sin cos 22θθθθ=--⋅-+⋅0=·················2分 18、（1）方法一：E CD CA ,=是中点，所以AD CE ⊥ 2分AD AB ⊥,所以CE 平行AB ，PCE ∠或其补角是异面直线所成的角 2分 计算可得12==PE CE ，,所求异面直线角为21arctan 3分方法二：建立空间直角坐标系，但必须证明AD CE ⊥，AD PE ⊥，CE PE ⊥ 若不写证明，直接写如图所示，以E 点为坐标原点，建立空间直角坐标系直接扣2分E PD PA ,=是中点，所以AD PE ⊥ABCD PE 面⊥，所以CE PE ⊥如图所示，以E 点为坐标原点，建立空间直角坐标系，0,-1,0(0,10),(1,10),(2,00),(0,01)D A B C P （）, ，，，，··········2分 (201),(100)PC AB =-=u u u r u u u r ，，，， ···········2分异面直线PC 与AB 所成角为θ225cos ||||5||||211PC AB PC AB θ⋅===⋅+⋅u u u r u u u ru u u r u u u r 异面直线PC 与AB 所成角为25arccos5···········2分 （2）设面PDC 的一个法向量为1(,,)n u v w =r11,n DP n DC ∴⊥⊥u r u u u r u r u u u r，又(011),(21,0)DP DC ==u u u r u u u r ，，， 即11=00u+1v+1w=02u+1v+0w=0=0n DP n DC ⎧⋅⋅⋅⋅⎧⎪⇒⎨⎨⋅⋅⋅⋅⎩⎪⎩u r u u u r u r u u u r 不妨令2v =， 则2,1w u =-=-，即面PDC 的一个法向量为1(1,2,2)n =--r，···········2分同理可得面PAB 的一个法向量为2(0,1,1)n =r···········2分令1n u r 和2n u u r 所成角为ϕ，则1212cos 0||||n n n n ϕ⋅===⋅u r u u r u r u u r ···········2分 所以2πϕ=，即面PDC 与平面PAB 所成二面角的大小为2π.···········1分19、（1）由题意得：当1x =时，23(1)()47.4244.422f a x =-+=，即12a =-····2分 所以当02x ≤<时，23()12()47.422f x x =--+， 在32x =时取到最大值47.42 ·········2分 又当2≥x 时，0.3()54.2710.18xf x e -=+是单调递减函数，在2x =时取到最大值96.39 ·········2分39.9647.42<，所以喝1瓶啤酒1.5小时血液中的酒精含量达到最大值47.42·····1分（2）当02x ≤<时，23()12()47.422f x x =--+，此时血液中酒精含量范围是(20.42,47.42]，不可以驾车；·········3分 当2≥x 时，0.3()54.2710.18xf x e-=+单调递减函数所以令0.3()54.2710.1820xf x e -=+< 即982ln5427 5.6990.3x >≈-小时，·········2分所以喝1瓶啤酒后342分钟后才可以驾车。

2018年上海市奉贤区高考物理二模试卷(J)

2018年上海市奉贤区高考物理二模试卷(J)

2018年上海市奉贤区高考物理二模试卷(J)副标题一、单选题（本大题共12小题，共12.0分）1.汤姆孙通过对阴极射线研究，发现了A. 电子B. 质子C. 中子D. 原子核式结构【答案】A【解析】解：汤姆孙通过对阴极射线的研究发现了电子，从而揭示了原子是有复杂结构的，故A正确BCD错误。

故选：A。

根据物理学史和常识解答，记住著名物理学家的主要贡献即可。

本题考查物理学史，是常识性问题，对于物理学上重大发现、发明、著名理论要加强记忆，这也是考试内容之一。

2.光在真空中传播，每份光子的能量取决于光的A. 振幅B. 强弱C. 频率D. 速度【答案】C【解析】解：光是在空间传播时是不连续的，是一份一份的，每一份都具有能量，每一份叫做一个光子，它的本质是一种电磁波，根据可判断出光子的能量只与与光子的频率因素有关，与振幅、光强和速度均无关。

故ABD错误，C正确。

故选：C。

根据光子的能量与光的频率的关系式求解答案。

本题考查光子的概念和光子能量的决定因素，关键要知道光子的能量公式，与频率成正比；同时还要知道光在不同的介质中的传播的速度不同，波长也不同，但光子的频率不变，能量不变。

3.下列用科学家名字命名的单位，属于基本单位的是A. 安培B. 牛顿C. 库仑D. 特斯拉【答案】A【解析】解：属于基本单位的只有安培；而牛顿、焦耳和特斯拉均为导出单位，故A正确，BCD错误。

故选：A。

明确国际单位制中的单位定义，牢记七个基本单位即可正确解答。

国际单位制规定了七个基本物理量。

分别为长度、质量、时间、热力学温度、电流、光照强度、物质的量。

它们的在国际单位制中的单位称为基本单位，他们在国际单位制中的单位分别为米、千克、秒、开尔文、安培、坎德拉、摩尔4.经过一次衰变，原子核A. 少一个中子B. 少一个质子C. 少一个核子D. 多一个核子【答案】A【解析】解：衰变的本质是其中的一个中子转化为一个质子和一个电子，所以衰变的过程中少了一个中子，多了一个质子和电子，核子数不变。

上海市奉贤区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

上海市奉贤区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

2017-2018第二学期奉贤区调研测试三高英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to lift. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better."Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems togo out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that(21) . (inspire) byloneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Insteadit's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as thecountry's very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)(deal) with the lonelinessthat the country's been feeling--a problem which, according to UK government research, isaffecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)be more harmful to one'sphysical and mental health than smoking l5 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by TheTelegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)(likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those fromother European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)(affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of theworld now being linked tothe internet,(26)_____has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27). we need, accordingto Kim Leadbetter, sister of the lateUK politician Jo Cox,is to have“proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy.We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, onour laptops. (28)busy we are,we need to press pause on that andactually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbettersaid at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)(fight) this problem are to accept its existence and notbe ashamed or frightened by it. After all,.(30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings,songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simplypart of the experience of being human.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonlyRobots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now,it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories-such as the very one you'rereading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, hascreated a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tellapart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism” by BBC News, suchsoftware "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA'ssoftware is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism,many publishers areusing robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results toofficial 35 on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its ownrobo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to each website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2417, as well ashundreds of social media 36 . So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We'renaturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle,“Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some ofthe work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather thantake away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talkingabout, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alertingeditors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard University's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that whilerobo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replacetraditional human creativity."Good journalism is not justa matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developedover decades," he told BBC News."The really difficultpart of what professional journalists do-carefully 40 information and presentingbalanced, contextualized(全景式的)stories-will be very hard formachines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSectionADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping amoderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have onyour longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 44 and lessneurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympatheticand cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement withwhat you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and helpothers can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 . other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old.Also,being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstandingpsychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destiny(命运)，and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just matter of your physical health but of your mental health.Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41.A. statements B. definitions C.applications D.explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C.rely on D.consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C.examining D.diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C.persuasive D.sensitive45. A. agreeable B.normal C.changeable D.formal46. A. resources B.associations C.procedures D.interactions47. A, therefore B.however C.furthermore D.otherwise48. A. in other words B.as usual C.in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B.open C.blind D.alert50. A. perspective B.ambition C.personality D.philosophy51. A, reject B.strive C.claim D.oppose52. A. extend B.restrict C.shorten D.determine53. A. unhealthy B.nutritious C.adequate D.moderate54. A. predictable B.advisable C.sustainable D.enjoyable55. A.temptation B.introduction C.adaptation D.objectionSectionBDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that lie had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise,the ever-frugal(一惯节省的)Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking ail city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from Isis wife. Itread:"Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner,Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when .he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor .He bent forward to pick, it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider，and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.”Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone Loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michael's plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael_.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanG. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to。

2018届奉贤区高考英语二模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

2018届奉贤区高考英语二模试卷和参考答案及听力原文

奉贤区2017 学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.041. Listening Comprehension Section A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airport B. In a hotel C. At a police station. D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20 B. At4:40 C. At4:50. D. At4:303. A. Its price B. Its location C. Its comfort D. Its facilities4. A Employer and employ B. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit. B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis. B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied. B. Impatient. C. Exhausted. D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression. D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth. B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students. B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Wednesday. D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to goout of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21) (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country ’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22) (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling — a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23) be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24) (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25) (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26) has enabled us to be more connected than ever. (27) we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28) busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29) (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being human.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories —such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do— carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized( 全景式的) stones— will b e very hard for machines to master."III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic ( 神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times. Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 tobe as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely t o feed their kids 53diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin( 命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applications D. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely on D. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasive D. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeable D. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. procedures D. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D. for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blind D. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claim D. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainable D. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )One Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal includinghis favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. T o find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. T o ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. T o celebrate his success.D. T o ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael .A. f elt weak in the kneesB. w as punished by the traffic policemanC. w as too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. c ouldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE ?A. M ichael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. M ichael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. M ichael's boss agreed to his request.D. O ne of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. P assionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.( B)Eight Days from just E399Departs May — October 2018Includes:Return flights from 8 UK airports to NaplesReturn airport to hotel transportSeven nights' accommodation at the 3 ☆ Hotel NiceThe services of guidesGovernment taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land"— this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well —known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resortsof Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then telephone Newmarket Air H olidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT .A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. telephone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to telephone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part " the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean .A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with tourists（ C ）"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than onany other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇) but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said. Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal( 荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies. ”Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in th e blood system and increase the risk of a clot( 血凝块) in the arteries( 动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work.The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures — may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because .A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out .A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree. 67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for €20 per month, but you need to pay €300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

2018届奉贤区高考数学二模(附答案)电子教案

2018届奉贤区高考数学二模(附答案)电子教案

2017学年第二学期奉贤区调研测试 高三数学试卷 （2018.4）（考试时间：120分钟，满分150分）一、填空题(本大题满分54分）本大题共有12题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接写正确的结果，1-6每个空格填对得4分，7-12每个空格填对得5分，否则一律得零分． 1、集合⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧<-=02x xxA ，{|}B x x Z =∈，则A B ⋂等于 ．2、已知半径为2R 和R 的两个球，则大球和小球的体积比为 ．3、抛物线2y x =的焦点坐标是 ．4、已知实数,x y 满足20102x y x y -≤⎧⎪-≤⎨⎪+≥⎩，则目标函数2u x y =+的最大值是 ．5、已知在ABC ∆中，a ，b ，c 分别为A B ∠∠，，C ∠所对的边．若222b c a +-=，则A ∠= ．6、三阶行列式13124765x -中元素5-的代数余子式为()x f ，则方程()0f x =的解为____．7、设z 是复数，()a z 表示满足1nz =时的最小正整数n ，i 是虚数单位，则⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+i i a 11=______．8、无穷等比数列{}n a 的通项公式()nn x a sin =，前n 项的和为n S ，若lim 1n n S →∞=，()π,0∈x则x = ．9、给出下列函数：①1y x x=+；②x x y +=2；③2x y =；④23y x =；⑤x y tan =；⑥()sin arccos y x =；⑦(lg lg 2y x =-．从这7个函数中任取两个函数，则其中一个是奇函数另一个是偶函数的概率是 ． 10、代数式2521(2)(1)x x+-的展开式的常数项是 ．（用数字作答） 11、角α的始边是x 轴正半轴，顶点是曲线2522=+y x 的中心，角α的终边与曲线2522=+y x 的交点A 的横坐标是3-，角α2的终边与曲线2522=+y x 的交点是B ，则过B 点的曲线2522=+y x 的切线方程是 ．（用一般式表示） 12、已知函数()()θ-=x x f 2sin 5，⎥⎦⎤⎝⎛∈2,0πθ，[]π5,0∈x ，若函数()()3-=x f x F 的所有零点依次记为n x x x x ,,,,321Λ，且n n x x x x x <<<<<-1321Λ，*N n ∈ 若π283222212321=++++++--n n n x x x x x x Λ，则=θ ． 二、选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在 答题纸的相应编号上，将代表正确答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分．13、已知曲线的参数方程为)50(12322≤≤⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=+=t t y t x ，则曲线为 （ ）. A ．线段 B ．双曲线的一支 C ．圆弧 D ．射线14、设直线l 的一个方向向量()3,2,6=d ，平面α的一个法向量()0,3,1-=n ，则直线l 与平面α的位置关系是 （ ）. A ．垂直 B ．平行C ．直线l 在平面α内D ．直线l 在平面α内或平行 15、已知正数数列{}n a 是公比不等于1的等比数列，且0lg lg 20191=+a a ，若()212x x f +=，则()()()=+++201921a f a f a f Λ （ ）.A ．2018B ．4036C ．2019D ．403816、设R a ∈，函数()ax x x f cos cos +=，下列三个命题：①函数()ax x x f cos cos +=是偶函数.②存在无数个有理数a ，函数()x f 的最大值为2.③当a 为无理数时，函数()ax x x f cos cos +=是周期函数.以上命题正确的个数为 （ ）. A ．3 B ．2 C ．1 D ．0三、解答题（本大题共有5题，满分76分）解答下列各题必须写出必要的步骤.17、已知几何体BCED A -的三视图如图所示，其中左视图和俯视图都是腰长为4的等腰直角三角形，主视图为直角梯形． （1）求几何体BCED A -的体积；（2）求直线CE 与平面AED 所成角的大小．18、已知函数()1212-+=x x k x f ，0≠k ，R k ∈. （1）讨论函数()x f 的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）已知()x f 在(]0,∞-上单调递减，求实数k 的取值范围.19、某旅游区每年各个月份接待游客的人数近似地满足周期性规律，因而第n 个月从事旅游服务工作的人数()f n 可近似地用函数()()k wn A n f ++=θcos 来刻画，其中正整数n 表示月份且[]1,12n ∈，例如1n =表示1月份，A 和k 是正整数，0w >，()πθ,0∈．统计发现，该地区每年各个月份从事旅游服务工作的人数有以下规律： ①每年相同的月份，该地区从事旅游服务工作的人数基本相同；②该地区从事旅游服务工作的人数最多的8月份和最少的2月份相差400人；③2月份该地区从事旅游服务工作的人数为100人，随后逐月递增直到8月份达到最多． （1）试根据已知信息，求()f n 的表达式；（2）一般地，当该地区从事旅游服务工作的人数在400或400以上时，该地区也进入了一年中的旅游“旺季”，那么，一年中的哪几个月是该地区的旅游“旺季”？请说明理由．20、设复平面上点Z 对应的复数yi x z +=()R y R x ∈∈,（i 为虚数单位）满足622=-++z z ，点Z 的轨迹方程为曲线1C .双曲线2C :122=-ny x 与曲线1C 有共同焦点，倾斜角为4π的直线l 与双曲线2C 的两条渐近线的交点是A 、B ，2=⋅OB OA ，O 为坐标原点.（1）求点Z 的轨迹方程1C ； （2）求直线l 的方程；（3）设PQR ∆的三个顶点在曲线1C 上，求证：当O 是PQR ∆的重心时，PQR ∆的面积是定值．21、对于任意*n N ∈，若数列{}n x 满足11n n x x +->，则称这个数列为“K 数列”． （1）已知数列：1，1+m ，2m 是“K 数列”，求实数m 的取值范围；（2）设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，当首项1a 与公差d 满足什么条件时，数列{}n S 是“K 数列”？（3）设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，11=a ，且11232n n S S a +-=，*n N ∈．设()11+-+=n nn n a a c λ，是否存在实数λ，使得数列{}n c 为“K 数列”．若存在，求实数λ的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由．2018年奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案一、填空题（1-6，每个4分，7-12每个5分，合计54分）1、{}1或{}1=x x 2、8或1:8 3、（0，14） 4、4 5、4π或045 6、2log 3x = 7、4 8、6π或56π9、3710、311、7241250x y ±+= 12、9π阅卷评分标准说明：第1题必须集合形式，两种形式都可以；第2题1:8也可以；第5题也可以写045； 第8题必须两解，而且必须弧度制，漏解或角度制均不给分； 第9题答案必须最简结果，唯一表达形式；第11题直线方程必须一般式；第12题必须弧度制，角度制均不给分；； 请严格执行此标准阅卷二、选择题（每个5分，合计20分）13、A 14、D 15、C 16、B三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17、（1）AC S V BCED ⋅⋅=31……………………………………………………………3分 340=…………………………………………………………………………3分踩分点，两个步骤环节，每一个3分（2）分别以CA 、CB 、CE 方向为z y x 、、轴建立空间直角坐标系，则：()0,0,0C 、()4,0,0E 、()0,0,4A 、()1,4,0D ， …………………………………2分所以()4,0,0=CE ，()4,0,4-=AE ，()3,4,0-=ED 设平面AED 的法向量为()z y x ,,=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅00⇒⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==43z y z x ，……………………………………………………………… 2分 于是可以取()4,3,4=n .……………………………………………………………………1分 设CE 与平面AED 所成的角为θ，则：41414sin ==θ，………………………………………………………………2分 所以CE 与平面AED 所成的角为41414arcsin.…………………………………………1分 建系设点2分，列方程组2分，求出法向量1分，套用公式1分，求出角2分18、（1）函数定义域为R ……………………………………………………………………1分 01)0(≠=kf Θ ()x f ∴不是奇函数……………………………………………………………………2分()1221-+⋅=-xxk x f ，令()()()02211=-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⇒=--x x k x f x f 恒成立， 所以当1=k 时，函数()x f 为偶函数；……………………………………………4分 当1≠k 时，函数()x f 是非奇非偶函数。

2018年奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案

2018年奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案

2018年奉贤区高三数学二模参考答案一、填空题（1-6，每个4分，7-12每个5分，合计54分）1、{}1或{}1=x x 2、8或1:8 3、（0，14） 4、4 5、4π或045 6、2log 3x = 7、4 8、6π或56π9、3710、311、7241250x y ±+= 12、9π阅卷评分标准说明：第1题必须集合形式，两种形式都可以；第2题1:8也可以；第5题也可以写045； 第8题必须两解，而且必须弧度制，漏解或角度制均不给分； 第9题答案必须最简结果，唯一表达形式；第11题直线方程必须一般式；第12题必须弧度制，角度制均不给分；； 请严格执行此标准阅卷二、选择题（每个5分，合计20分）13、A 14、D 15、C 16、B三、解答题（14+14+14+16+18=76分）17、（1）AC S V BCED ⋅⋅=31……………………………………………………………3分 340=…………………………………………………………………………3分踩分点，两个步骤环节，每一个3分（2）分别以CA 、CB 、CE 方向为z y x 、、轴建立空间直角坐标系，则：()0,0,0C 、()4,0,0E 、()0,0,4A 、()1,4,0D ， …………………………………2分所以()4,0,0=，()4,0,4-=，()3,4,0-= 设平面AED 的法向量为()z y x ,,=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅00AE n ⇒⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==43z y z x ，……………………………………………………………… 2分 于是可以取()4,3,4=.……………………………………………………………………1分 设CE 与平面AED 所成的角为θ，则：41414sin ==θ，………………………………………………………………2分 所以CE 与平面AED 所成的角为41414arcsin.…………………………………………1分 建系设点2分，列方程组2分，求出法向量1分，套用公式1分，求出角2分18、（1）函数定义域为R ……………………………………………………………………1分 01)0(≠=kf ()x f ∴不是奇函数……………………………………………………………………2分()1221-+⋅=-x xk x f ，令()()()02211=-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⇒=--xx k x f x f 恒成立， 所以当1=k 时，函数()x f 为偶函数；……………………………………………4分 当1≠k 时，函数()x f 是非奇非偶函数。

上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案

上海市奉贤区2018届高三二模英语试题1. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At an airportB. In a hotelC. At a police station.D. At a restaurant2. A. At4:20B. At4:40C. At4:50.D. At4:303. A. Its priceB. Its locationC. Its comfortD. Its facilities4. A Employer and employB. Husband and wifeC. Teacher and studentD. Patient and doctor5. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed earlyC. To catch the later flightD. To ask for a morning call.6. A. Cathy already knows about the exhibit.B. Cathy has to act in a play.C. He did show her one of the signs.D. There will be an exhibit in the theatre.7. A. The critic has a very funny comment on the musicalB The woman agrees with the mans opinion of the musical.C. The woman has a very positive comment on the musical.D. The man and the woman differ in their opinion of the musical.8. A. David never likes to play tennis.B. David's unable to play tennis with them.C. David isn't a very good tennis player.D. David is in town for a game of tennis.9. A. Satisfied.B. Impatient.C. Exhausted.D. Amused.10. A. He wants to get a new job.B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbour's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.12. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbours.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbours' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.13. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighbourhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbours.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To find out what covers the Earth.B. To list all living things on Earth.C. To work out the number of birds.D. To save the existing plants.15. A. It is run by school students.B. It focuses on different types of grass.C. It provides different levels of information.D. It allows non-scientists to review its data.16. A. We may know just a small part of all the living creatures of Earth.B. We have learnt most of the living creatures on Earth.C. Only scientists can help to make the Encyclopedia of Life.D. It won't be long before scientists collect all the data they need. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It is a club for people from different countries to socialize.B. It is a club for British people to socialize in Washington.C. It is a club for people from different countries to discuss business.D. It is a club which arranges for people from different countries to do sports together.18. A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.D. Thursday.19. A. She can study and practise German free of charge.B. She can have a meal in a restaurant with anyone from different countries.C. She can communicate with all the sixty members at the moment.D. She doesn't need to pay for her first month in the club.20. A No activity is organized by International Friends Club on Wednesday.B. The woman came to America three months ago.C. International Friends Club organizes sports events for its members.D. If one wants to join in International Friends Club, he should fill in a form. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better. Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that (21)_______ (inspire) by loneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country’s very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)______ (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)______be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)______ (likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)_____ (affect) Britons only. In fact, were all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of the world now being linked to the internet, (26)______ has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27)________ we need, according to Kim Leadbetter, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, on our laptops. (28)_______ _______ _______ busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbetter said at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)_______ (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (30)______ loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being humman. Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Robots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it's becoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now, it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories—such as the very one you're reading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association(PA), a UK news service, has created a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tell apart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism" by BBC News, such software "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA's software is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism, many publishers are using robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results to official 35 on social issues. For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its own robo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to tech website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2017, as well as hundreds of social media 36 .So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We're naturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle, a Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some of the work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather than take away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talking about, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alerting editors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard university's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that while robo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replace traditional human creativity."Good journalism is not just a matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developed over decades," he told BBC news."The really difficult part of what professional journalists do—carefully 40 information and presenting balanced, contextualized(全景式的) stones—will be very hard for machines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing more 44 and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people, long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 , other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28, 000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets, Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destin(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learnto change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41. A. statements B. definitions C. applicationsD. explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C. rely onD. consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C. examining D. diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C. persuasiveD. sensitive45. A. agreeable B. normal C. changeableD. formal46. A. resources B. associations C. proceduresD. interactions47. A. therefore B. however C. furthermore D. otherwise48. A. in other words B. as usual C. in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B. open C. blindD. alert50. A. perspective B. ambition C. personality D. philosophy51. A. reject B. strive C. claimD. oppose52. A. extend B. restrict C. shorten D. determine53. A. unhealthy B. nutritious C. adequate D. moderate54. A. predictable B. advisable C. sustainableD. enjoyable55. A. temptation B. introduction C. adaptation D. objectionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forwardto pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.BEight Days from just E399Departs May—October 2018Includes:●Return flights from 8 UK airports to Naples●Return airport to hotel transport●Seven nights' accommodation at the 3☆ Hotel Nice●The services of guides●Government taxesJoin us for a wonderful holiday in one of Europe's most wonderful comers. Long a favourite with holidaymakers —indeed the ancient Romans called the area "happy land" —this simply attractive coastline of colourful towns, splendid views and the warm Mediterranean Sea is a perfect choice for a truly memorable holiday!Choose between the peaceful traditional village of Sant' Agata, set on a hillside six miles from Sorrento, or the more lively and well—known international resort town of Sorrento, with wonderful views over the Bay of Naples.Breathtaking scenery and famous sights everywhere. From the legendary Island of Capri to the haunting ruins of Pompeii and from the unforgettable "Amalfi Drive" to the delightful resorts of Positano, Sorrento and Ravello, the area is a feast for the eyes! Should you choose to join us, we know that you will not be disappointed!With a choice of hotels and optional excursions including Capri, Pompei and the "Amalfi Drive", this is a truly unmissable holiday.Price based on two tourists sharing a twin / double room at the Hotel Nice.Like to know more? Then te-lep-hone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd on: 0845-226-7766(All calls charged at local rates).60. All the following are included in the price of ￡399 EXCEPT_______.A. transport between the airport and the hotelB. te-lep-hone calls made by touristsC. the services of guides to touristsD. double rooms for every two tourists61. What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?A. To invite people to take a breath in the Bay of Naples.B. To advise people to te-lep-hone Newmarket Air Holidays Ltd.C. To persuade people to tour in the area of the Mediterranean Sea.D. To attract people to go to Sant' Agata or Sorrento for sightseeing.62. The underlined part "the area is a feast for the eyes" in the passage mean_______.A. the area is pleasing to the eyeB. the area is really unforgettableC. the area catches the tourists' eyeD. the area is crowded with touristsC"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressuresof work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common inGermany than in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any otherday of the week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly because ______.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out______.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attackB. if increase in blood pressure, heart rate and hormonal changes will cause heart attacksC. on which day people are least likely to have a heart attackD. if events like higher workload, more stress and so on will cause heart attacks.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Causes of Heart Attacks on Mondays.B. Warning: Mondays Are Bad for Your Heart.C. The Overweight and Smokers Risk Heart Attacks on Mondays.D. Reduce Your Chance of Having Heart Attacks on Mondays.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67 IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC. 68 This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it sho uld be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year. 70 Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US and around the world - Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi Rivertown of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honour his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to LittleFreelibrary. org. there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. when you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbours' tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading, a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life, said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration."V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.与家人外出度假日益受到人们的推崇。

2018年上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试卷(附答案)

2018年上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试卷(附答案)

2018年奉贤区第二学期调研测试（二模）高三语文试卷（2018.4）（完卷时间150分钟，满分150分）一、积累运用（10分）1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1）___________，铁马秋风大散关。

（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《·泰伯》：“__________，任重而道远”。

（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。

柳永的《雨霖铃》下阕中与之手法相似的诗句是“__________，__________”。

2.学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是（）。

（2分）A.锲而不舍，金石可镂。

——荀子《劝学》B.不登高山,不知天之高也。

——荀子《劝学》C.譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。

——《论语·子罕》D.善学者假人之长，以补其短。

——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》3.填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）。

（3 分）我们在以理性为武器批判一切之前，是否先应对理性本身进行批判？我们在用武器批判一切之前，是否先对武器本身进行批判？我们在使用工具之前是否应先研究工具？理性是什么？它的内容和界限是什么？这种______________，就是哲学思考的根本问题。

A.对理性的思想，对理性的批判B.对理性的批判，对思想的批判C.对理性的思想，对思想的思想D.对理性的批判，对批判的思想二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成第4-9题。

（17分）①一般印象中，人类学家有点像是独行者，他在一个遥远的地方，去经历着不同文化给自己的磨难。

所以，李亦园先生说了这么一段话：?人类学的研究工作有一大特色，那就是要到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索，无论是蛮荒异域还是穷乡僻壤都要住过一年半载，并美其名叫‘参与观察’。

?因而，人类学家的生涯，与孤独寂寞分不开。

人类学家要备尝田野的孤独寂寞，是因为田野工作引起的文化冲击或文化震撼?经常使你终身难忘，刻骨铭心？。

2018年上海市奉贤区高考化学二模试卷

2018年上海市奉贤区高考化学二模试卷

2018年上海市奉贤区高考化学二模试卷、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题2分，每小题只有一项正确）1. （2分）奉贤在新一轮规划中提出要打造东方美谷。

下列相关说法错误的是 （ ）A. 垃圾分类可有效提高垃圾的资源价值和经济价值B. 绿色化学要求从源头上消除或减少对环境的污染C •推广可降解的一次性餐具，减少白色污染D .直接在田间焚烧秸秆，补充土壤中的钾元素2. （2分）下列化学用语表示不正确的是（B. CQ 分子的电子式:C. 碳原子核外电子排布的轨道表达式:3. （2分）下列物质属于强电解质的是（ ）A.硫酸钡 B .盐酸 C.乙醇 D .三氧化硫 4. （2分）下列说法中正确的是（ ）A. 晶体中分子间作用力越大，分子越稳定B. 原子晶体中共价键越强，熔点越高C. 冰融化时水分子中共价键发生断裂D. 氢氧化钠熔化时离子键、共价键均被破坏5. （2分）下列关于化石燃料的加工说法正确的是（）A. 石油裂化主要得到乙烯B. 石油分馏是化学变化，可得到汽油、煤油C. 煤干馏主要得到焦炭、煤焦油、粗氨水和焦炉气D. 煤制煤气是物理变化，是高效、清洁地利用煤的重要途径 A .碳原子的结构示意图:O ：COD . CQ 分子的比例模型:6. （2分）下列各项实验基本操作中，正确的是（）A. 为了加快锌和稀硫酸反应的速率，可以向稀硫酸中加入少量硫酸铜B. 在做中和滴定实验时清洗滴定管后，直接装液滴定C. 为了加快过滤速度，用玻璃棒搅拌过滤器中的液体D. 为了使配制的氯化铁溶液保持澄清，加入盐酸和铁片7．（2 分）有些物质既能与强酸溶液反应又能与强碱溶液反应，下列物质不具有此类性质的是（）A. NaHCO3B.（NH4）2CO3C. AlD. AlCl38. （2 分）下列涉及化学学科观点的有关说法正确的是（）A. 微粒观：二氧化硫是由硫原子和氧原子构成的B. 转化观：升高温度可以将不饱和硝酸钾溶液转变为饱和C. 守恒观：1g镁与1g稀硫酸充分反应后所得的溶液质量为2gD. 结构观：金刚石和石墨由于结构中碳原子的排列方式不同，性质存在着较大的差异9. （2 分）下列各组离子在碱性条件下能大量共存，而在强酸性条件下能发生氧化还原反应的是（）A. Mg2+、Na+、SO2「、C「B. £、CQ2「、C「、C. Na+、K+、NOT、SQ2「D. NH/、Na+、SOT、NOT10. （2分）下列溶液中通入足量SQ,根据其实验现象，所得结论不正确的是（）溶液现象结论A含HC、BaC2和FeC3的溶液产生白色沉淀SQ有还原性B H2S溶液产生黄色沉淀SQ有氧化性C酸性KMnO4溶液紫红色溶液褪色SQ有漂白性D加有酚酞的NaO H溶液褪色SC2是酸性氧化物A. AB. BC. CD. D11．（2 分）对滴有酚酞试液的溶液中，下列操作溶液颜色会变深的是（）A. AIC3溶液中在融入AIC3B. CHsCOONa容液加热C.氨水中加入少量NH4CI固体D.醋酸溶液加热12．（2 分）科学家在人工智能的研制过程中依据某化学规律，快捷地寻找到合适的光电效应材料，其依据的化学规律可能是（） A .元素周期律B.质量守恒定律C •阿伏伽德罗定律D .勒沙特列原理13. （2分）下列物质溶液间中的反应可用离子方程式 A. H 2SO 和 Ba (OH ) 2 B. NH 3?H 2O 和 HCI C. NaHSO 和 KOH D . NaHCO 和 NaOH14. （2分）化学家格哈德？埃特尔证实了氢气与氮气在固体催化剂表面合成氨的 A.该过程表明，在化学反应中存在化学键的断裂与形成 B. 在催化剂的作用下，反应物的化学键变得容易断裂C •过程②需吸收能量，过程③则放出能量D. 常温下该反应难以进行，是因为常温下生成物的化学键难以形成15. （2分）电解CuC 2溶液的装置如图所示，下列分析正确的是（ ） A. b 电极的质量不变B. a 电极是该装置的负极C. a 电极上发生氧化反应D. 电子由b 电极经溶液流向a 电极16. (2 分)已知 2SQ (g ) +O 2 (g ) ?2SQ ( g ) +Q kJ?mo 「1 (Q >0)。

2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期调研测试(二模)历史试题word版含答案

2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期调研测试(二模)历史试题word版含答案

2018届上海市奉贤区高三下学期调研测试（二模）历史试题考生注意：1. 本卷分选择题和综合分析题两大部分，满分为100分，考试时间为60分钟。

2. 所有答案必须涂（选择题）或写（综合分析题）在答题纸的相应位置上。

一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分。

每题只有一个答案）1. 公元前221年，秦结束分裂局面，实现统一。

该时间可表述为A．公元前2世纪早期 B. 公元前3世纪早期C. 公元前2世纪末期D. 公元前3世纪末期2. 右图是根据福建泉州出土的宋代海船复原的模型。

以下说法不正确的是A. 是研究宋代对外贸易的直接证据B. 是研究宋代海上丝绸之路的资料C. 能反映宋朝时期高超的造船技术D. 能反映宋代的对外贸易途径泉州3．“天子受命于天，天下受命于天子，一国则受命于君。

……受命之君，天意之所予也。

”董仲舒的这一主张可概括为A．“天理一体” B．“君权神授”C．“三纲五常” D．“大一统”4．日本中央政府的机构中至今仍保留着“……省”的名称。

“省”的提法与中国古代哪一时期创设的中央官制有直接关联？A．秦汉时期 B．隋唐时期C．宋元时期 D．明清时期5. 以下为中国古代历代中央机构演变示意图。

按出现时间先后排序正确的是①②③④A．②③①④ B. ②①③④C. ②④①③D. ②①④③6．章学诚在《文史通义》中认为著书者的心术当是A．史学 B．史才C．史识 D．史德7．“前者史家，不过记述人间一二有权力者兴亡隆替之事，虽名为史，实不过一人一家之谱牒”。

为改变这种现状，梁启超提出A．写全体国民的历史 B．以进化史观为准绳C．鉴于往事有资治道 D．文献与考古相印证8．1852年，英国驻广州代办说：“经过和这么一个大国家开放贸易10年之久……拥有如此庞大人口的中国，其消费我们的制造品竟不及荷兰的一半……”为此，英国A．扩大国内生产规模 B．纠结法国发动战争C．决定对华资本输出 D．提出划分势力范围9．右图是创作于1908年，反映清末新政的一幅漫画。

2018届上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试题(解析版)

2018届上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试题(解析版)

2018届上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试题（解析版）一、积累运用1. 按要求填空。

（1）_____________，铁马秋风大散关。

（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《_________·泰伯》：“___________，任重而道远”。

（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。

柳永的《雨霖铃》中与之手法相似的诗句是“___________，___________”。

【答案】(1). 楼船夜雪瓜洲渡(2). 论语(3). 士不可以不弘毅(4). 杨柳岸(5). 晓风残月【解析】试题分析：本题考查名句名篇默写能力，采用的是上下句填空式默写和情景式默写相结合的题型，解答时既要注意所给句子的出处及作者，还要注意题干中给出的上句或下句，仔细回忆自己背诵的相关内容，准确书写出答案。

本题还要注意下列字的正确写法：楼、洲、渡、弘、毅、岸、晓、残。

2. 学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是A. 锲而不舍，金石可镂。

——荀子《劝学》B. 不登高山,不知天之高也。

——荀子《劝学》C. 譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。

——《论语·子罕》D. 善学者假人之长，以补其短。

——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》【答案】D【解析】试题分析：A项，“锲而不舍，金石可镂”强调的是做事情要坚持，可以用于学习遇到困难时的自勉；B项，“不登高山,不知天之高也”，喻指站得高才能看得远。

可以用于学习遇到困难时的自勉。

C项，“譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也”，孔子在这里用堆土成山这一比喻，说明功亏一篑和持之以恒的深刻道理，他鼓励自己和学生们无论在学问和道德上，都应该是坚持不懈，自觉自愿。

可以用于学习遇到困难时的自勉。

D项，“善学者假人之长，以补其短”，意思是擅长学习的人,会吸收别人的长处来弥补自己的短处。

强调的是学习要讲究方法。

不适合用于学习遇到困难时的自勉，故答案应为D项。

2018届上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试题(解析版)

2018届上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试题(解析版)

2018届上海市奉贤区高三二模语文试题（解析版）一、积累运用1. 按要求填空。

（1）_____________，铁马秋风大散关。

（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《_________·泰伯》：“___________，任重而道远”。

（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。

柳永的《雨霖铃》中与之手法相似的诗句是“___________，___________”。

【答案】(1). 楼船夜雪瓜洲渡(2). 论语(3). 士不可以不弘毅(4). 杨柳岸(5). 晓风残月【解析】试题分析：本题考查名句名篇默写能力，采用的是上下句填空式默写和情景式默写相结合的题型，解答时既要注意所给句子的出处及作者，还要注意题干中给出的上句或下句，仔细回忆自己背诵的相关内容，准确书写出答案。

本题还要注意下列字的正确写法：楼、洲、渡、弘、毅、岸、晓、残。

2. 学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是A. 锲而不舍，金石可镂。

——荀子《劝学》B. 不登高山,不知天之高也。

——荀子《劝学》C. 譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。

——《论语·子罕》D. 善学者假人之长，以补其短。

——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》【答案】D【解析】试题分析：A项，“锲而不舍，金石可镂”强调的是做事情要坚持，可以用于学习遇到困难时的自勉；B项，“不登高山,不知天之高也”，喻指站得高才能看得远。

可以用于学习遇到困难时的自勉。

C项，“譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也”，孔子在这里用堆土成山这一比喻，说明功亏一篑和持之以恒的深刻道理，他鼓励自己和学生们无论在学问和道德上，都应该是坚持不懈，自觉自愿。

可以用于学习遇到困难时的自勉。

D项，“善学者假人之长，以补其短”，意思是擅长学习的人,会吸收别人的长处来弥补自己的短处。

强调的是学习要讲究方法。

不适合用于学习遇到困难时的自勉，故答案应为D项。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2017 学年第二学期奉贤区调研测试高三语文试卷（2018.4）（完卷时间150 分钟，满分150 分）一、积累运用（10 分）1.按要求填空。

（5 分）（1），铁马秋风大散关。

（陆游《书愤》）（2）成语“任重道远”出自《·泰伯》：“，任重而道远”。

（3）古人诗词中常借用虚拟之景表达情感，如秦观《踏莎行》中的“雾失楼台，月迷津渡”。

柳永的《雨霖铃》中与之手法相似的诗句是“，”。

2.学习中遇到困难止步不前时，下列名言用以自勉不恰当的一项是（）。

（2 分）A.锲而不舍，金石可镂。

——荀子《劝学》B.不登高山,不知天之高也。

——荀子《劝学》C.譬如为山，未成一篑，止，吾止也。

——《论语·子罕》D.善学者假人之长，以补其短。

——《吕氏春秋·孟夏纪》3. 填入下面语段空白处的语句，最恰当的一项是（）。

（3 分）我们在以理性为武器批判一切之前，是否先应对理性本身进行批判？我们在用武器批判一切之前，是否先对武器本身进行批判？我们在使用工具之前是否应先研究工具？理性是什么？它的内容和界限是什么？这种，就是哲学思考的根本问题。

A.对理性的思想，对理性的批判B.对理性的批判，对思想的批判C.对理性的思想，对思想的思想D.对理性的批判，对批判的思想二、阅读（70 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第4-9 题。

（17 分）①一般印象中，人类学家有点像是独行者，他在一个遥远的地方，去经历着不同文化给自己的磨难。

所以，李亦园先生说了这么一段话：“人类学的研究工作有一大特色，那就是要到研究的地方去做深入的调查探索，无论是蛮荒异域还是穷乡僻壤都要住过一年半载，并美其名叫‘参与观察’。

”因而，人类学家的生涯，与孤独寂寞分不开。

人类学家要备尝田野的孤独寂寞，是因为田野工作引起的文化冲击或文化震撼“经常使你终身难忘，刻骨铭心”。

人类学家不仅要承受孤独寂寞和文化震撼，还会时不时陷入一种难以自拔的困境。

马林诺夫斯基在田野中写下的《严格意义上的日记》，有这么一段话对自己的“迷糊状”做了生动的自白：4月7日（1918年）。

我的生日。

我还是带着照相机工作，到夜幕降临，我简直已筋疲力尽。

傍晚我与拉斐尔聊天，谈到特洛布里安德岛人的起源和图腾制度。

……我困惑，我陷入到了那里的生活方式之中。

所有一切都被阴影笼罩，我的思想不再有自己的特征了。

②像马林诺夫斯基这样的人类学家，大凡都要经历冷酷的田野生活，他的日记给人以“羌笛何须怨杨．．．柳，春风不度玉门关”之感。

从一个角度看，他们成为人类学家，与他们遭受的磨难有直接的关系。

马林诺夫斯基之所以是马林诺夫斯基，是因为他离开了家园，离开了波兰和英国，到蛮荒的特里布恩德岛；费孝通之所以是费孝通，是因为他离开了家乡，离开了自己的学院，偕同妻子双双去了大瑶山……为什么这些人类学家非要这样实践他们的人生？要把他们的青春耗费在遥远的穷乡僻壤？马林诺夫斯基在自己的日记里，忠实地表达了作为一个平常人的困惑，他面对过的压抑、无聊、无所适从，也是其他人类学家面对过的。

然而，从事实地研究的人类学家坚信，田野生涯里的种种忧郁，不是没有价值的，相反，它们正是特殊的人类学理解能力的发挥。

③做一个人类学家，要培养一种“离我远去”的能力，到一个自己不习惯的地方，体会人的生活面貌。

所以，这里的“我”是“自己”，但不单指个人，而指人生活在其中的“自己的文化”。

做一个人类学家，首先要学习离开自己的技艺，让自己的习惯和思想暂时退让给他对一个遥远的世界的期望。

像李白说的，“五岳寻仙不辞远，一生好入名山游”。

在别的世界里体验世界的意义，获得“我”的经验，是现代人类学的一般特征。

④“离我远去”的技艺有多种。

一些人类学家要求自己身心都要离开自己的文化一段时间，另一些人类学家则通过他人的间接描述来“神游”于另外一个世界。

作为集体的人类学家共同体，区别于其他思考者的特征，正是一种文化精神意义上——而不单是个体肉身意义上——的“离我远去”。

不是说人类学”的艺术，这种艺术使人家要抛弃自我，成为疯子，而只是说人类学家的“自我”表达的是一种“非我．．类学家获得了与其他学者不同的经验，使人类学家能够比较“移情”地觉悟到自己的文化的局限性。

⑤人类学家离开自我的途径，有的是时间的隧道，有的是空间的距离。

他们去的时间，是已经流逝的过去；他们去的空间，是一个“非我”的世界。

因而，人类学家不以肉身的离去为目的，他们带着自己的心灵，超越自己的文化，领略人如何可以是人同时又那么不一样。

人类学家不一定要追求对遥远的文化的求索，不少人类学家也从事本土文化的研究。

在本土研究中，“离我远去”的意思，转化为与自己社会中司空见惯的生活方式形成的暂时陌生感，转化为一种第三者的眼光，它让我们能站在“客人”的角度来对待“主人”——我们本身。

在这样的情形下，人类学家的肉身没有被自己搬运到别的世界中去，但他们的心灵却必须在一个远方寻找自我反观的目光，在一个想象或实在异域中寻找他者相对于“我”的意义。

⑥近代以来，人类学家要培养的那种“离我远去”的习惯，针对的是我们今天生活在其中的现代性。

他们希望从被观察的边缘人群的“当地观点”出发，来展示众多与近代的世界不同的小小世界，体会这些“小传统”的力量，从而反观逐步渗透到整个世界的“大传统”——现代观念体系，我们将这里追求的东西叫做“文化的互为主体性”。

选自《人类学是什么》4.对第①段中引用马林诺夫斯基日记的作用分析不正确的一项是（）。

（2分）A.真实而生动地揭示了人类学家在研究中会遇到的困境。

B.表明随着研究的深入，人类学家都会“离自己远去”。

C.灰暗的笔下流露出人类学家面对困境时内心的困惑哀怨。

D.引出下文所有人类学家走上人类学研究道路的客观原因。

5.第②段中加点词“大凡都”的表述是否矛盾？（3分）6.第④段中加点词“非我”的意思是。

（2分）7.对“离我远去”的理解不正确的一项是（）。

（2分）A.费孝通的田野工作属于“离我远去”的技艺中身心都离开的类型。

B.“离我远去”能力的养成必然让人类学家经历一段不适应的过程。

C.不管是通过时间还是空间，“离我远去”的关键不在身体而在心灵。

D.本土研究中人类学家的“离我远去”是指去到由想象产生的异域。

8.综观全文，概括人类学家从事人类学研究的价值。

（3分）9.阐释第⑥段中“文化的互为主体性”的内涵，并推测人类学追求“文化的互为主体性”的目的。

（5分）（二）阅读下文，完成第10-13 题。

（15 分）多闻草木少识人王开岭某种意义上，没有人真正看过一朵花。

——乔治亚·奥基夫①住海淀区时，最常去的是北京动物园和香山植物园。

②迷恋动物园，因为它帮我确认一件事，它反复地、一遍遍向我证实：生命是丰富的，物种是多样的……否则，我真怀疑世上只剩下人了。

③逛香山，则为消焦灼、蓄元气，更为避世。

躲开车马鼎沸的聒噪、高楼大厦的逼视、远离骨骼与骨骼的撞击、欲望与欲望的火并、脏口与脏口的对骂……草木乃最安静、最富美德的生物，也是肉体最伟大的保姆：献花容以悦目、果茎以充腹、氧气以呼吸、林荫以蔽日，还承接人之垃圾和秽物……没有草木，我们真是一秒也活不成。

④香山植物园最大魅力是阔，阔得足以让人忽略其败笔：院墙和门票。

除山风浩荡、野趣丰饶、地气充沛，它还有个好处：人寡。

⑤人寡，则幽，则清，则定。

不过，颇为尴尬的是，面对妖娆花木，我竟无法叫出她们的名字。

成千上万的她们，我所识者寥寥。

爱慕，却不知称呼；惊艳，却无从指认。

甚至无法转述她们的美，炫耀我的眼福。

⑥其实何止于我，翻翻书报，“一朵不知名的小花”“一棵不知名的大树”，懒汉比喻和无知之说比比皆是。

曾见一位母亲带儿子在园子里玩，童声一连串地问“妈妈，这叫什么”，我清楚地听见萱草被说成了马兰、蜀葵被说成了木槿、鸢尾被说成了百合、茑萝被说成了牵牛，其它我也说不出了……末了，年轻的母亲被逼得声音越来越低，嗫嚅不清了。

⑦我把此事告诉一朋友，大发感慨：现代人熟记的人名多不胜举，尤其演艺明星，所识草木却可怜至极，真是奇怪！过了几天，收到朋友一赠书——《野花图鉴》。

还有一条短信：“每次看到‘全草入药’几个字，我都肃然起敬！”果然，翻开该书，几乎每条注释中，皆见“全草入药”四字。

⑧草木深深，福佑其中；花果累累，生之有养。

我想，若有一日，自己被发配荒野，携一卷《本草纲目》，也就能活下去，芥命无忧了。

若再奢侈一点，容我多带一本书，该是什么呢？无疑是《诗经》了。

⑨在我眼里，《诗经》乃性灵之书、自然之书、童话之书，更是照亮精神之书。

我想，从古到今，即使只有这么薄薄一册，华夏文化也堪称灿烂。

后人若能承先民衣钵、循童年心性，文明又何尝堕落至此？扔掉《诗经》，遗弃它的纯真精神，背叛它的诗意逻辑和生存美学，乃悲剧之始。

⑩《诗经》伟大在哪儿呢？夫子看得透：“一言以蔽之，思无邪。

”“思无邪”，即纯洁、烂漫，即清澈、雅正。

最后，又似乎想起了什么，说：“多识于鸟兽草木之名。

”⑾这是我极欣赏的一句话，也是酷爱《诗经》的一大理由。

⑿它确是一部生物百科全书。

陆玑著《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》，对《诗经》里的物类作了详解，计草本80种、木本34种、鸟类23种、兽类9种、鱼类10种、虫类18种，共动植物175种。

而据台湾学者潘富俊统计，《诗经》藏有草木160种，比陆机统计的多出许多。

⒀张爱玲读《诗经》，很为里面的情爱男女“怎么这样容易就见着了”而欢欣、兴奋得脸通红。

胡兰成则解释：“直见性命，所以无隔。

”不愧为情事大师，一语道破。

⒁《诗经》里的美丽欢爱，正因人之心性和大自然息息相通，人之情思和旷野一样率真、赤裸。

天光明澈，心静如水，无泥沙拖累，无城府之深，故彼此认出、相互照见即简易得多、笔直得多。

哪像今人这般诡秘周折？⒂什么叫“天地作合”？《诗经》里慢慢找。

懂得天地，方懂男女。

⒃最后，我想对孩子说一句：多闻草木少识人。

⒄这年头，名人的繁殖速度比细菌还快，都急疯了。

草木润性，浮尘乱心。

这个信息爆炸和绿色稀缺的年代，即便“少识”，业已识多；即便“多闻”，已然寡闻。

10.第②段作者写自己迷恋动物园的意图是。

（3 分）11.分析第⑤段画线句中“竟”的作用。

（3 分）12.有人曾评价王开岭的文章“浪漫而冷峻”，请结合本文，谈谈你的理解。

（4 分）13.结合全文，探究标题“多闻草木少识人”的深刻意蕴。

（5 分）（三）阅读下面的诗歌，完成14—16 题。

（8 分）江夜【清】吴锡麒万峰壁立大江横，秋色连天露洗清。

但觉无船无月载，不知是水是风行。

隔汀孤鸟欲同梦，逆浪老鱼微有声。

半夜月沉潮又上，渔灯流过蓼花明。

14.这首诗共有几联对仗？正确的一项是（）。

（1 分）A.1B.2C.3D.415.以下对本诗风格的评价正确的一项是（）。

（3 分）A.自然清丽B. 沉郁顿挫C.豪放飘逸D.平淡质朴16.请结合全诗梳理作者情感的变化过程。

相关文档
最新文档