动词不定式的被动语态
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动词不定式的被动语态
一、复习各种时态的被动语态
★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done
以 the book , publish 为例:
一般现在/过去时: The book_______________________________.
一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.
The book __________________________________.
现在/过去进行时:The book ___________________________________.
现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.
情态动词: The book _____________________________________.
二:动词不定式的被动语态
1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式:
1)一般式(not/never )to be done
2)完成式 (not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)
2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用
1)做主语(常用it做形式主语)
To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.
(或者:____________________________________________________)
被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。
__________________________________________________________________ 2)做表语
The party is to be held next Saturday evening.
明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
_________________________________________________________________ 3)做宾语
She didn’t like to be treated as a child.
He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..
这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
__________________________________________________________________ 4)做宾语补足语
Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.
这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。
_________________________________________________________________ 5)做定语
What a victory to be envied by those women!
英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
__________________________________________________________________
6)做状语
All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.
他匆忙赶到订票处(booking office)却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
________________________________________________________________
3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
1) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,但又与
该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时
He has nothing to eat. (分析: eat (动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓) I will give you a book to read .(分析: _____ 动→____宾/ _____主→_____谓)
这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。
_______________________________________________________________
★注意:若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式则必须用被动式比较: I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印:I will type the letter)
I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为: I get sb. to type the letter)
I’ll go to New York. Have you anything __________(take) to your wife there
Do you have any clothes _____________(wash), sir” asked the maid
I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _____________(wash)
2) 在“主语+表语(形容词)to do”中,主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定
式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。
This question is easy to answer. (分析:answer (动)------this question (宾))
★注意:如果动词为不及物动词,则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with. (分析:_________(动)----____________(宾))
这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。____________________________________________这题目很难算出来。_____________________________________________
3. There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。
There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)
没有什么可担心的。_______________________________________________
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