动词不定式的被动语态

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

动词不定式的被动语态

一、复习各种时态的被动语态

★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done

以 the book , publish 为例:

一般现在/过去时: The book_______________________________.

一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________________.

The book __________________________________.

现在/过去进行时:The book ___________________________________.

现在/过去完成时:The book _____________________________________.

情态动词: The book _____________________________________.

二:动词不定式的被动语态

1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式:

1)一般式(not/never )to be done

2)完成式 (not/ never)to have been done (表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前)

2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用

1)做主语(常用it做形式主语)

To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.

(或者:____________________________________________________)

被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式,是一大荣幸。

__________________________________________________________________ 2)做表语

The party is to be held next Saturday evening.

明年,这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。

_________________________________________________________________ 3)做宾语

She didn’t like to be treated as a child.

He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father..

这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。

__________________________________________________________________ 4)做宾语补足语

Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.

这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。

_________________________________________________________________ 5)做定语

What a victory to be envied by those women!

英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。

__________________________________________________________________

6)做状语

All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.

他匆忙赶到订票处(booking office)却被告知所有的票都卖完了。

________________________________________________________________

3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。

1) 不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,但又与

该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时

He has nothing to eat. (分析: eat (动→nothing宾 / he 主→eat 谓) I will give you a book to read .(分析: _____ 动→____宾/ _____主→_____谓)

这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。

_______________________________________________________________

★注意:若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式则必须用被动式比较: I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印:I will type the letter)

I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为: I get sb. to type the letter)

I’ll go to New York. Have you anything __________(take) to your wife there

Do you have any clothes _____________(wash), sir” asked the maid

I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _____________(wash)

2) 在“主语+表语(形容词)to do”中,主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定

式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。

This question is easy to answer. (分析:answer (动)------this question (宾))

★注意:如果动词为不及物动词,则要注意介词的搭配。

John is difficult to deal with. (分析:_________(动)----____________(宾))

这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。____________________________________________这题目很难算出来。_____________________________________________

3. There be 结构中,用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语,区别不大。

There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)

没有什么可担心的。_______________________________________________

练习

相关文档
最新文档