GMAT语法之ving修饰用法归纳

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GMAT语法之ving修饰用法总结

Gmat有许多关于ving修饰的题目，有的考生对这部分知识也许还不够清楚，智课小编为大家整理了GMAT语法里ving修饰的用法，希望对大家有所帮助。

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VING 修饰用法总结

一，V+ing,SVO 可以修饰主语、谓语 noun modifier or verb modifier

v-ing放到句子之前，不用太关心verb modifier，还是叫noun modifier，都无所谓，因为他就是针对主语的且和主句意思有关Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem. (verb modifier)

Using accounts of various ancient writers，scholarshave painted a sketchy picture of the activitiesof anall-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixthcentury B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin asBona Dea, “the good goddess.” (noun modifier)

二，S,V+ing,VO 修饰主语 noun modifier

Neuroscientists, V-ing, verb + object.

三，SVO VING(无逗号) 作为noun modifier，遵从touch

rule，修饰临近的noun

e.g.

Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out from the surface of the murky water.

四，SVO,V-ing 是 verb modifier, 切记 绝对没有noun-modify

I.有歧义的例子分析：

OG12-30For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect

warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

A. a method to protect

B. as a method protecting

C. Protecting(C)

D. as a protection of

E. to protect

可能认为protecting 是修饰items或equipment, 但是"svo comma v-ing"必须是verb modifier!OG对此的解释是 revealing the purpose of the items.体会下为什么不说modify the items of military equipment? 因此protecting是 adv,表目的。

NN的解释

shields were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

如果你认为这是个noun modifier，那么就是根据touch rule,

修饰military equipment，或者是"essential items of military equipment".

可是，你从意思上看，你觉得"protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears" 是military

equipment的作用么?军事设备就是这么描述的?

显然，"protecting ..."

描述的是shields的作用，或者说补充说明这整个一句话的意思" shields were military equipment"，因此，一定一定是adverbial modifier.

近例：

He was a great realist, writing ordinary men and women in their misfortunes

I am a Harvard student, entering my senior year.

显然，"entering my senior year"说的是我，或者修饰"I am a Harvard student"这件事情

不能理解为是一个noun modifier修饰"Harvard

student"，因为你不能说所有哈佛学生都马上上大四。

*关于于主系表结构难以套用到SVO, Ving 下述原则中，因为主系表结构中前面的主句中不是一个事件或者是一个动作，而只是阐明了主

语的一种属性：在这种情况下需要判断的是这个v-ing结构是否合理的阐明了前面句子成分的一种属性、状态、用途、目的等等等。(动作也是一种状态，比如我正在吃饭，和我现在是学生一样都是表明了我的一个状态，把状态理解为一个广义上的action, 会比较好理解。 I am a Harvard student, entering my senior year,

应该就是满足了2)A的条件，是伴随的意思吧。)

II 用法讲解：相当于副词adverbial modifier，必需满足

1)①modifies the entire action of the preceding clause

注意是指前面紧接的那个子句而非一定是主句!!!②and applies to the subject within that clause,

直接的(伴随)、间接的(结果)，都算applies

2)：one of the following is true:

A the "ing" action isSIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action;

- i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my armswildly

B the "ing" action is a DIRECTAND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the main action.

- i got a 100 on the most recent exam,bringing my average up to 91

① 理解the entire action of the preceding clause

OG 65

In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Corps of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, so that it absorbs the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches.

(A) act as a buffer, so that it absorbs

(B) act like a buffer so as to absorb

(C) act as a buffer, absorbing

(D) acting as a buffer, absorbing

(E) acting like a buffer, absorb