最全面英国文学史知识点总结复习过程

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英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要

英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要

英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要第一篇:英国文学史及选读复习要点总结概要《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements(此处可能会有填空,选择等小题2.Romance(名词解释3.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story4.Ballad(名词解释5.Character of Robin Hood6.Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry;The Canterbury Tales(main contents;124 stories planned, only 24 finished;written in Middle English;significance;form: heroic couplet7.Heroic couplet(名词解释8.Renaissance(名词解释9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10.Sonnet(名词解释 11.Blank verse(名词解释12.Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13.Francis Bacon “essays” esp.“Of Studies”(推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读14.William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是Hamlet 这是肯定的。

英国文学史及选读复习提纲

英国文学史及选读复习提纲

英语专业《英国文学》复习要点教材名称:英国文学史主编:刘炳善出版社:上海外语教育出版社第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。

最早的文学形式是诗歌,以口头形式流传,主要的诗人是吟游诗人scop。

到基督教传入英国之后,一些诗歌才被记录下来。

这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》,用头韵体写成。

2、古英语时期(1066—1500)从1066年诺曼人征服英国,到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。

文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇,民谣和诗歌。

在几组骑士传奇中,有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事,其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。

中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣,最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。

3、最重要的诗人是被称为“英国诗歌之父”的乔叟,代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》,取得了很高的艺术成就。

他首创了诗歌的双韵体----每两行压韵的五步抑扬格,后被许多英国诗人采用。

乔叟用伦敦方言写作,奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础,促进了英语语言文学的发展。

第二章文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴运动源于14世纪的意大利,后遍及欧洲各国,在英国兴起较晚。

“文艺复兴”一词原意是指古希腊,罗马文学艺术的复苏,但事实上决不是简单的对古希腊罗马文学艺术的学习模仿。

文艺复兴运动的核心思想是人文主义思想,表现为尊重人的尊严和力量,关注现世生活,鼓励人们对幸福生活的追求。

代表的是新兴资产阶级反封建,反教会的思想和要求。

文艺复兴运动的思想家,人文主义者是托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More),他的作品《乌托邦》描绘了一个理想的未来社会,他因此被认为是空想社会主义的先驱。

2. 文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展,在诗歌,散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。

诗歌方面,新的诗体形式如十四行诗,无韵体诗被介绍到英国。

莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人,著有两部叙事诗,两部长诗和154首十四行诗。

最全面英国文学史知识点总结复习过程

最全面英国文学史知识点总结复习过程

最全面英国文学史知识点总结英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。

英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)

英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)

英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)第一篇:英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)I.Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 The father of English poetry.① 坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体)by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ 声誉之宫II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1.new discoveries in geography and astrology 2.the religious reformation and economic expansion 3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616① Historical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世;Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世;Henry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜;第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错,Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯,The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost(爱的徒劳)Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing(无事生非)The merry wives of Windsor.温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure(一报还一报)Bacon: Of Studies;Of Beauty;Of Marriage and Single Life English Bourgeois Revolution,学术的推进 III:the period of the English bourgeois ton:1608~1674Paradise Lost;Samson Agonistes(力士参孙);On the morning of Christ’s Nativity,复乐园我的失明论出版自由为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 1628~1688 ①Religionary Allegory:天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy War John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗):(用语)the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,(形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.(主题:love, religious, thought)The Flea;跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning,Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗,emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念Hely sonnets IV The 18th Century:EnlightenmentA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)and accuracy The Age ofEnlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起:In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说):mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。

英国文学史期末复习笔记

英国文学史期末复习笔记

英美文学史期末复习笔记英国美国1.伊丽莎白时期的文学 1.殖民地时期文学2.17世纪和18世纪的文学 2.浪漫主义文学3.浪漫主义时期 3.现实主义文学4.维多利亚时期 4.自然主义文学5.20世纪的小说与诗歌 5.20世纪20年代的诗歌与小说6.二战后的诗歌 6.二战后的诗歌与小说7.二战后的小说7.美国戏剧梳理8.少数族裔文学1.Definition of epicAn epic is a long narrative poem.2.Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。

乔叟the father of English poetry(literature) 英国文学之父the heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)AA BB CC DD EE代表作:The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)文艺复兴时期The Renaissance(1500-1660)1.the definition of RenaissanceRenaissance first rose in Italy in the 14th century and came to a flowering in the 15th and then in the 16th century it spread to other countries, notably France and thence to Germany and England and Spain and the other countries.核心:humanism :admire human beauty and human achievement.文艺复兴三杰:达芬奇,米开朗琪罗,拉斐尔2.William Shakespeare(1564-1616)He is actor, playwright;totally 37 playsFour great tragedies:Hamlet (哈姆雷特)Othello(奥赛罗)King Lear(李尔王)Macbeth(麦克白)Four great comedies:The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》Twelfth night 《第十二夜》Ben Johson dedicated a poem in praise of him:“…Soul of the age.He was not of an age, but for all time”.3.Sonnet(十四行诗)Sonnet is a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length: iambic(抑扬格的) pentameters(五步格诗)in English. The English sonnet (also called the Shakespearen sonnet after its foremost practitinoner) comprises three quatrains (四行诗)and a final couplet(对句),rhyming ababcdcdefef. An important variant of this is the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser ), which links the three quatrains by rhyme, in the sequence ababbabccdcdee. In either form, the turn comes with the final couplet, which may sometimes achieve the neatness of an epigram.4.metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The name given to a diverse group of 17th-century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious (精致的)use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits(幻想), strange paradoxes, and far-reaching imagery, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics. T.S Eliot and others revived their reputation, stressing their quality of wit, in the sense of intellectual strenuousness and flexibility rather than smart humor.Its main features:①the diction is simple②The imagery is drawn from the actual life③The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.5.John Donne(1572-1631)View of poetry: A blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, characterized by conceit or "wit".The most striking feature of Donne’s poetry is its tang of reality, in the sense that it seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world.Special features: Conceits;wit;imagery;dramatic and conversational style.代表作:the flea《跳蚤》6.Francis Bacon(1561-1626)He is the precursor of materialism英国唯物主义的始祖(马克思和恩格斯语);also the founder of modern science;the first British essayist.作品:Essays《随笔》(of studies is the most famous one of them)7.John MiltonDefense for the English People为英国人辩护;blank verse 素体诗作品:Paradise Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园18世纪的启蒙主义文学1.the definition of enlightenmentA general term applied to the movement of intellectual liberation that develop in Western Europe from the late 17th Century to the late 18th century.(the period is often called the Age of Reason), especially in France and Switzerland.The enlightenment culminated(使达到顶峰) with the writings of Jeans-Jacques Rousseau and the Encyclopedia(百科全书), the philosophy of Immanuel(以马内利,基督的别称) Kant, and the political ideas of the American and French Revolutions while the forerunners in science and philosophy included Bacon, Descartes, Newton, and Locke. Its central idea was the need and the capacity of human reason to clearaway ancient superstition, prejudice, dogma and injustice.Literary features:①Classicism: As a critical term, classicism is a body of doctrine thought to be derived from or to reflect the qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture, particularly in literature, philosophy, art, or criticism. Classicism stands for certain definite ideas and attitudes, mainly drawn from the critical utterances of the Greek and Romans or developed through an imitation of ancient art and literature. ②Neoclassicism:it emphasized the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, restrained emotion, accuracy, good taste and decorum.③Sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality.4 Pre-romanticism: In the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, and by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England this movement showed itself in the trend of Pre-romanticism.Gothic novel is its most manifest expression.2.John Locke(1632-1704)one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers ;considered one of the first of the British empiricists经验主义者, following the tradition of Francis Bacon; best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer《荷马史诗》;He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations,after Shakespeare and Tennyson.3.Daniel Defoe(1661-1731)代表作:The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (英国文学史第一部小说)Moll Flanders《摩尔. 佛兰德斯》Robinson Crusoe celebrates the 18th-century Western civilization’s material triumphs and the strength of human rational will to conquer the natural environment. Robinson, apparently, is cast as a typical 18th-century middle-class tradesman, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.The hero is practical, diligent, shrewd, courageous and intelligent to overcome all kinds of obstacles. In another sense, Robinson is Everyman struggling to master nature.This novel is the representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development.4.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)乔纳森.斯威夫特作品:Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》A Tale of a Tub 《木桶的故事》The Battle of Books 《书战》A Modest Proposal 《一个小小的建议》His writing features : Swift defines a good style as “proper words in proper places”. His language is always precise, simple, clear, vigorous as well as economical and concise.He is also a master satirist.5.Henry Fielding(1707-1754)The father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)代表作:《约瑟夫·安德鲁》Joseph Andrews《汤姆·琼斯》Tom Jones6.Oliver Goldsmith’s(1730-1774)代表作:The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师The Deserted Village 荒村浪漫主义时期English Romanticism(1798-1830)1.the definition of RomanticismIt is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth & Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill《改革法案》in the Parliament. English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism.Romanticists show in their works their profound dissatisfaction with the social reality and their deep hatred for any political tyranny, economic exploitation and any form of oppression, feudal or bourgeois. In the realm of literature, they revol t against reason, rules, regulation, objectivity, common senses, etc. and emphasize the value of feelings, intuition, freedom, nature, subjectivism, individuality, originality, imagination, etc.2.two schools of Romanticism①The lake poets湖畔派诗人(escapist romanticists):William Wordsworth华兹华斯, Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治and Robert Southey骚塞.They three were known as Lake Poets because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England.②The Satanic school撒旦派(active romanticists):Byron, Shelly, and Keats.3.William Blake(1757-1827)十九世纪英国浪漫派诗人、画家、雕刻家作品:Songs of Experience《经验之歌》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》The Chimney Sweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》The Lamb《羊羔》4.Robert Burns(1759-1796)(苏格兰著名农民诗人)作品:“A Red, Red Rose”《红红的玫瑰》5.William Wordsworth(1770-1850)He focused on the nature, children, the poor, common people, in his poem, he aimed at simplicity and purity of the language, so he used ordinary words to express his personal feelings.1843年获得桂冠诗人(Laureate)称号代表作:The Daffodils《水仙花》The Solitary Reaper《孤独的收割者》6.George Gordon Byron(1788-1824)Influence:(to world)Byron has enriched European poetry with an abundance of ideas, images, artistic forms & innovations. He stands with Shakespeare & Scott among the British writers who exert the greatest influence over the mainland of Europe.(to china)His revolutionary zeal and democratic ideals, as shown in his stirring lyricThe Isles of Greece and Childe Harold, strongly impressed the Chinese youth who were then waging struggles to overthrow the old feudal system.代表作Don Juan《唐璜》, 1818-1823When we two parted《当我们分手》She walks in beauty《她走在美的光彩中》Byronic hero:a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers,unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.(fiery passions unbending will, ideal of freedom, against tyranny(专制统治)and injustice, lonely fighters individualistic ends)7.Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)代表作:Ode To The West Wind《西风颂》Queen Mab 《麦布女王》8.John Keats(1795—1821)代表作:Ode to An Nightingale《夜莺颂》(“美即是真,真即是美”Beauty is truth, truth is beauty.是他的著名诗句。

英国文学复习要点(刘炳善《英国文学简史》)

英国文学复习要点(刘炳善《英国文学简史》)

英国文学复习要点〔教材X炳善《英国文学简史》〕Part One: Early and Medieval1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements.*2. Romance 〔名词解释〕(1).The basic material of medieval romance is knightly activity and adventure; we might best define medieval romance as a story of adventure--fictitious, frequently marvelous or supernatural--in verse or prose.(2).A long composition describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character was the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons who was very devoted to the king or to the church.(3).One who wanted to be a knight should serve patiently until he was admitted to the knighthood with solemn ceremony and the swearing of oaths.The Nature of the Romance:(4).The Nature of the Romance:1)Themes: Loyalty to the king and the lord, which was the corner-stone of feudal morality.2)The audience was of noble people from the court or the castle.3)The Romance had nothing to do with the common people.4)The Romance were written for the noble, of the noble and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble.*3. Piers the Plowman. Over 7000 lines, written by William Langland.*4. Ballad民谣〔名词解释〕1.A short narrative poem with stanzas of two or four lines and usually a refrain. The story,folklore popular legends. straightforward verse, s with graphic simplicity and force. suitable for singing generally written in ballad meter, with the last words of the second and fourth lines rhyming.2.the subjects of Ballad:(1) the struggle of young lovers who are fight against the feudalism(2) the conflict between love and wealth(3) the cruelty of jealousy(4) the criticism of the civil war(5) the matters of class struggles.5. Character of Robin Hood1.Robin Hood--- A legendary English hero of many ballads, who robbed the rich to give to the poor; a popular model of courage, generosity and justice.2. strong, brave, clever, tender-hearted, affectionate. Hatred to the cruel oppressors, love for the poor and the downtrodden*6. Geoffrey Chaucer桥搜: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines.Troditional form for english poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry, a sequence of rhyming paris of iambic pentameter.8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance.*9. Renaissance〔名词解释〕1.a cultural and artistic movement in England from the early 16th century to the early 17th century.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1)to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,(2)to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,(3)to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the RomanCatholic Church.*10.Thomas More——Utopia*11. Sonnet〔名词解释〕The sonnet is a poem in 14lines with one or the other rhyme schme,a form much in vogue in Renaissance Europe, expecially in Italy ,France and England.In 1609 appeared Shakespeare’s sonnets.The Sonnets were written over a number of years, probably beginning in the early 1590s.12. Blank verse〔名词解释〕13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene〞; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza〔名词解释〕Stanza form developed by Edmund Spenser and almost certainly influenced by rhyme royal and ottava rima. Spenser's stanza has nine lines and is rhymed a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c. The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter. He used this form in his epicpoem The Faerie Queene. JohnKeats, a great admirer of Spenser, used this stanza in his poem The Eve of St. Agnes.*14. Francis Bacon “essays〞esp. “Of Stud ies〞〔本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读〕*16.William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家。

刘炳善英国文学简史复习提纲

刘炳善英国文学简史复习提纲

刘炳善英国文学简史复习提纲刘炳善的《英国文学简史》是一本介绍英国文学发展历程的经典教材,概述了英国文学的重要人物、作品和流派。

以下是一个复习提纲,旨在帮助你回顾和理解这本书的内容。

一、古英国文学时期(公元前7世纪-公元1066年)1.早期史诗作品:《贝奥武夫》、《克赖斯人的诗歌》等。

2.宗教文学:《贝德的致辞》、《入埋土地的经文》等。

3.亚瑟王传说:《亚瑟王之死》、《卢梭勒》等。

二、中英文学时期(1066年-1485年)1.诺曼底征服后的影响:法语文学的传入。

2.米德尔英语文学:《切阿通匹恩的罗曼斯》等。

3.文人和教士的作品:《福尔莫尔的诗集》、《金马伦的伊莎贝拉》等。

三、文艺复兴时期(1485年-1603年)1.文艺复兴思潮的传入。

2.威廉·莎士比亚及其作品:《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

3.其他重要诗人和作品:约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》、培根的《新科学》等。

四、十七世纪文学(1603年-1660年)1.皇家主义文学:本·琼森的《包涵的破碎》等。

2.牧歌诗和骑士诗:约翰·唐纳的《简·卡特琳之歌》等。

3.讽刺文学:约纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》等。

五、启蒙运动时期(1660年-1798年)1.小说的发展:丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》、萨缪尔·理查森的《帕梅拉》等。

2.詹姆斯·汤姆逊和约翰·洛克的作品。

3.威廉·布莱克和威廉·华兹华斯的浪漫主义作品。

六、浪漫主义时期(1798年-1832年)1.华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦的作品。

2.珀西·比希·雪莱、约翰·济慈和简·奥斯丁的作品。

3.疲软派和托马斯·哈代的作品。

七、维多利亚时期(1832年-1901年)1.查尔斯·狄更斯和查尔斯·达尔文的作品。

2.奥斯卡·王尔德和罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森的作品。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料英国文学史复习资料英国文学史是指英国国内从古代到现代的文学作品和文学发展的历史。

以下是英国文学史的复习资料。

1. 古代文学时期(公元前450年至公元1066年)古代英国文学时期主要包括凯尔特传统和盎格鲁-撒克逊文学。

凯尔特传统涵盖了关于亚瑟王、魔法和传说的故事。

盎格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗和散文的形式存在,其中最著名的作品是《贝奥武夫》和《安德·狄德》。

2. 中世纪文学时期(1066年至1485年)中世纪英国文学时期由法国诺曼人的入侵而引入众多法语和拉丁语的作品。

其中最著名的作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》,它由杰弗里·乔叟写成,并包含了各种各样的故事。

3. 文艺复兴时期(1485年至1660年)文艺复兴时期是英国文学的黄金时期,以莎士比亚为代表。

莎士比亚的作品包括许多戏剧,如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。

其他重要的作家还包括斯宾塞、马洛等。

4. 17世纪文学时期17世纪文学时期是英国社会和政治变革的时期,也是宗教分裂的时期。

约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》被认为是这一时期最重要的作品之一。

其他作家还包括约翰·唐纳森、詹姆斯·谢尔顿等。

5. 启蒙时期(1660年至1785年)启蒙时期是英国文学史上的一次重要转折点,代表了对理性、科学和自由思想的追求。

著名作家包括强纳森·斯威夫特、丹尼尔·笛福、亚历山大·蒲柏、简·奥斯汀等。

6. 浪漫主义时期(1785年至1837年)浪漫主义时期是对启蒙时期理性主义的反应。

浪漫主义作品强调情感、个人主义和自然。

威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·柯勒律治、约翰·济慈等都是这一时期的重要作家。

7. 维多利亚时代(1837年至1901年)维多利亚时代是英国帝国的鼎盛时期,文学作品多样化。

查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、古斯塔夫·福楼拜的《名利场》等作品成为经典。

英国文学史期末总结复习重点

英国文学史期末总结复习重点

英国文学史Part one: Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Making of England1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons,a tribe of Gelts.2. In 55 ., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years.It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain.And in 410 ., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.3. The English ConquestAt the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates( 海盗). They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes.And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles.And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.4. The Social Condition of the Anglo-SaxonTherefore, the Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribalsociety to feudalism.5. Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its InfluenceThe Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century.Chapter 2 Beowulf1. Anglo-Saxon PoetryBut there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf.3. Analysis of Its ContentBeowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century.4. Features of BeowulfThe most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements.Chapter 3 Feudal England1) The Norman Conquest2. The Norman ConquestThe French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England.The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageBy the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country.3) The Romance1. The Content of the RomanceThe most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.4. Malory ’s Le Morte D ’ArthurThe adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthur ’s courtChapter 5 The English Ballads2. The BalladsThe most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the secondand fourth lines rhymed.Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.3. The Robin Hood BalladsChapter 6 Chaucer1. LifeGeoffrey Chaucer, the founder/father of English poetry.3. Troilus and CriseydeTroilus and Criseyde is Chaucer’s longest complete poem and his greatest artistic achievement.But the poet shows some sympathy for her, hitting that her fault springsfrom weakness rather than baseness of character.4. The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales is Chaucer ’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6. His LanguageChaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact thathe introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especiallythe rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the “the heroic couplet ”)to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucerdid much in making dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part Two: The English RenaissanceChapter 1 Old England in Transition1. The New MonarchyThe century and a half following the death of Chaucer was full of great changes.And Henry 7, taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor dynasty,a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of therising bourgeoisie and so won its support.2. The ReformationProtestantismThe bloody religious persecution came to a stop after the church settlementof Queen Elizabeth.3. The English BibleWilliam TyndallThen appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James I and so was sometimes called the King James Bible.The result is a monument of English language and English literature.The standard modern English has been fixed and confirmed.4. The Enclosure Movement5. The Commercial ExpansionChapter 2 More1. LifeThomas More2. UtopiaUtopia is More ’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversationbetween More and Hythlody, a returned voyager.The name “Utopia ”comes from two Greek words meaning “no place ”.3. Utopia , Book OneBook One of Utopia is a picture of contemporary England with forcibleexposure of the poverty among the laboring classes.4. Utopia , Book TwoIn Book Twowe have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature3. Edmund Spenser1) LifeThe Poet ’s Poet of the period was Edmund Spenser.In 1579 he wrote The Shepher’s Calendar, a pastoral poemin twelve books, one for each month of the year.2) The Faerie Queene (masterpiece)Spenser ’s greatest work, The Faerie Queene (published in 1589-1596), isa long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6.iambic feet Spenserian Stanza4. Francis Bacon (father/founder of English essay)the founder of English English materialist philosophyBacon is also famous for his Essays. When it included 58 essays.Bacon is the first English essayist.Chapter 4 Drama7. The PlaywrightsThere was a group of so-cal led “university wits ”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash).Chapter 5 Marlowe1. LifeThe most gifted of the “university wits ”was Christopher Marlowe.2. WorkMarlowe’s best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine , The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.3. Doctor FaustusMarl owe’s masterpiece is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.5. Marlowe ’s Literary AchievementMarlowe was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama.It is Marlowe who first made blank verse (rhymeless iambic pentameter)the principal instrument of English drama.Chapter 6 Shakespeare1. LifeWilliam Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon.After his death, two of his above-mentioned fellow-actors, Herminge and Condell, collected and published Shakespeare ’s plays in 1623. To this edition, which has been known as the First Folio.4. The Great ComediesA Midsummer Night ’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice , As You Like It and Twelfth Night have been called Shakespeare ’s “great comedies ”.6. The Great TragediesShakespeare created his great tragedies, Hamlet, Othello , King Lear and Macbeth.7. Hamletthe son of the Renaissance9. The Poems1) Venus and Adonis2) The Rape of Lucrece3) Shakespeare’s Sonnets10. Features of Shakespeare ’s DramaShakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration5. The Bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restorationin 1688 Glorious Revolution6. The Religious Cloak of the English RevolutionPuritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisieduring the English Revolution. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labour in whatever calling one happened to be, but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labour.Chapter 2 Milton1. Life and WorkParadise Lost , Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.2. Paradise Lost1) Paradise LostParadise Lost is Milton ’s masterpiece.blank verse.Chapter 3 Bunyan1. LifeThe Pilgrim ’s Progress was published in 1678.2. The Pilgrim ’s Progress1) The Pilgrim ’s Progress is a religious allegory.Chapter 4 Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poetsa school of poets called “Metaphysical ”by S amuel Johnson.by mysticism in content and fantasticality in formJohn Donne, the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.Chapter 6 Restoration Literature2. John DrydenThe most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden.Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literaturein the next century.Part Four: The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English Literature1. The Enlightenment and 18th Century England2) The Enlightenment in EuropeThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movementin Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners foughtagainst class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.3) The English EnlighternersThe representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Steele and The TatlerRichard SreeleIn 1709, he started a paper, The Tatler , to enlighten, as well as to entertain, his fellow coffeehouse-goers.His appeal was made to “coffeehouses, ”that is to say, to the middle classes, for whose enlightenment he stood up.“Issac Bickerstaff ”2. Addison and The SpectatorThe general purpose is “to enliven morality with wit, and to temper witwith morality. ”They ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.Chapter 3 Pope1. LifeAlexander Pope, the most important English poet in the first half of the18th century.3. Workmanship and LimitationPope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century.Pope is the most important representative of the English classical poery.But he lacker the lyrical gift.Chapter 4 Swift3. Bickersta f f Almanac (1708)Swift wrote his greatest work Gulliver ’s Travels in Ireland.Chapter 5 Defoe and the Rise of the English Novel1. The Rise of the English Novelthe realistic novel: Defoe, Swift, Richardson and FieldingSwift ’s world -famous novel Gulliver ’s Travel sDefoe’s Robinson Crusoe (the forerunner of the English realistic novel) Richardson: Pamela, Clarissa and Sir Charles GrandisonFielding was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.The novel of this period ⋯spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage. ”The novelists of this period understood that “the job of a novelist was to tell the truth about life as he saw it. ”(Ibid.)This explains the achievement of the English novel in the 18th century.4. Robinson Crusoe1) Today Defoe is chiefly remembered as the author of Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece.Chapter 6 RichardsonSamuel RichardsonPamela was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.After Pamela, Richardson wrote two other novels: Clarissa Harlowe and Sir Charles Grandison .Clarissa is the best of Richardson ’s novel.Chapter 7 Fielding (the father of English novel)1. LifeHis first novel Joseph Andrews was published in 1742.His Jonathan Wild appeared in 1743. It is a powerful political satire.In 1749, he finished his great novel Tom Jones.Amelia was his last novel. It is inferior to Tom Jones, but has meritsof its own.3. Joseph Andrews4. Tom Jones1) The StoryFielding ’s greatest work is The History of Tom Jones , a Foundling . 6. Summary2) Fielding as the Founder of the English Realistic NovelAs a novelist, Fielding is very great. He is the founder of the English realistic novel and sets up the theory of realism in literary creation.He has been rightly called the “father of t he English novel. ”Chapter 10 Johnson1. LifeSamuel Johnson, lexicographer, critic and poet.2. Johnson ’s DictionaryIn 1755 his Dictionary was published.His Dictionary also marked the end of English writers ’reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support.Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in Poetry1. LifeThomas Gray2. Pre-RomanticismIn the latter half of the 18th century, a new literary movement arose in Europe, called the Romantic Revival.Pre-Romanticism was ushered in by Percy, Macpherson and Chatterton, and represented by Blake and Burns.Chapter 14 Blake1. LifeWilliam Blake2. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience4. Blake ’s Position in English LiteratureFor these reasons, Blake is called a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th century.Chapter 15 Burns1. LifeHis Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect were printed. (masterpiece)The Scots Musical Museum and Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs 2. The Poetry of Burns1) Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the Scottish dialecton a variety of subjects.3. Features of Burns ’PoetryBurns is the national poet of Scotland.Part Five: Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 The Romantic Periodthe Industrial Revolution the French RevolutionAmid these social conflicts romanticism arose as a new literary trend.It prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832.These were the elder generation of romanticists, sometimes called escapist romanticists, including Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who have alsobeen called the Lake Poets.Active romanticists represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats.The general feature of the works of the romanticists is a dissatisfactionwith the bourgeois society, which finds expression in a revolt against oran escape from the prosaic, sordid daily life, the “prison of the actual ”under capitalism.Poetry, of course, is the best medium to express all these sentiments.The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott.Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it.Chapter 2 WordsworthColeridgeIn 1798 they jointly published the Lyrical Ballads .The publication of the Lyrical Ballads marked the break with theconventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, ., with classicism,and the beginning of Romantic revival in England.The Preface of the Lyrical Ballads served as the manifesto of the English Romantic Movement in poetry.Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets”because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern partof England.His deep love for nature runs through such short lyrics as Lines Writtenin Early Spring , To the Cuckoo, I WanderedLonely as a Cloud, My Heart LeapsUp, Intimations of Immortality and Lines Composeda FewMiles Above Tintern Abbey. The last is called his “lyrical hymn of thanks to nature ”.Wordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language.Chapter 3 Coleridge and Southey1. ColeridgeColeridge ’s best poems, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner .Chapter 4 Byron1. LifeChilde Harold ’s PilgrimageHe finished Childe Harold , wrote his masterpiece Don Juan.2. Childe Harold ’s PilgrimageThis long poem contains four cantos. It is written in the Soenserianstanza.3. Don JuanByron remains one of the most popular English poets both at home and abroad.Chapter 5 Shelley4. Promethus UnboundShelley ’s masterpiece is Promethus Unbound, a lyrical drama in 4 acts.6. Lyrics on Nature and LoveOde to the West WindChapter 6 Keats2. Long PoemsKeats wrote five long poems: Endymion, Isabella , The Eve of St. Agnes , Lamia and Hyperion .5) The unfinished long epic Hyperion has been regarded as Keat ’s greatest achievement in poetry.3. Short Poems1) His leading principle is: “Beauty in truth, truth in beauty. ”3) Ode to Autumn , Ode on Melancholy , Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a NightingaleChapter 10 Scott2. His Historical NovelsScott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master ofthe historical novel.According to the subjet-matter, the group on the history of Scotland, thegroup on English history and the group on the history of European countries.In fact, Scott ’s literary career marks the transition from romanticismto realism in English literature of the 19th century.Part Six: English Critical RealismChapter 2 DickensCharles Dickens critical realismDickens: Pickwick Papers , American Notes , Martin Chuzzlewit and Oliver Twist4) Dickens has often been compared Shakespeare for creative force and range of invention. “He and Shakespeare are the two unique popular classics that England has given to the world, and they are alike in being remembered notfor one masterpiece but for creative world. ”David CopperfieldChapter 3 Thackeray2. Vanity Fair : A Novel Without a HeroVanity Fair is Thackeray ’s masterpiece. characters: Amelia Sedley and Rebecca (Becky) SharpThackeray can be placed on the same level as Dickens, as one of the greatest critical realists of 19th-century Europe.Chapter 4 Some Women Novelists1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)She herself compared her work to a fine engraving madeupon a little pieceof ivory only two inches square.Jane Austen wrote 6 novels: Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility , Pride and Prejudice , Mansfield Park , Emma and Persuasion.2. The Bronte SistersCharlotte ’s maiden attempt at prose writing, the novel Professor , was rejected by the publisher, but her next novel Jane Eyre, appearing in 1847, brought her fame and placed her in the ranks of the foremost English realistic writers. Emily ’s novel Wuthering Heights appeared in 1847.Anne: Agnes Grey4. George EliotMary Ann Evansthree remarkable novels: AdamBede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner 3) Silas Marner: Critical realism was the main current of English literaturein the middle of the 19th century.Part Seven: Prose-Writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th CenturyChapter 1 Carlylethe Victorian AgeChapter 3 Tennysonthe Victorian Age prose especially the novel1. Tennyson ’s Life and CareerAlfred Tennyson, the most important poet of the Victorian Age.In the same year (1850) he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth.Chapter 7 Literary Trends at the End of the Century1. NaturalismNaturalism is a literary trend prevailing in Europe, especially in Franceand Germany, in the second half of the 19th century.2. Neo-RomanticismStevenson was a representative of neo-romanticism in English literature.Treasure Island (masterpiece)3. AestheticismAestheticism began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century.The theory of “art for art ’s sake ”was first put forward by the Frenchpoet Theophile Gautier.The two most important representatives of aestheticists in Englishliterature are Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde.2) Oscar Wilde dramatistLady Windermere’s Fan, 1893; A Woman of No Importance , 1894; An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest , 1895The Importance of Being Earnest is his masterpiece in drama.Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature(Modernism)Chapter 2 English Novel of Early 20th Century3. Henry JamesHe is regarded as the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness ”literature in the 20th century.Chapter 3 Hardy1. Life and WorkAmong his famous novels, Tess of the D’Urbervillies and Jude the Obscure.2. Tess of the D ’Urbervilliescharacters: Tess, Alec D ’Urbervillies and Angel ClareChapter 6 Bernard ShawChapter 8 Modernism in Poetry1. ImagismEzra PoundThe two most important English poets of the first half of 20th centuryare W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot.2. W. B. YeatsThe Wild Swans at Coole , Michael Robartes and the Dancer , The Tower and The Winding StairT. S. Eliot has referred to Yeats as “the greatest poet of ourage-certainly the greatest in this . English) language. ”3. T. S. EliotThe Waste Land (1922) is dignifying the emergence of Modernism.T. S. Eliot was a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry anda great innovator of verse technique. He profoundly influenced 20th-century English poetry between World Wars 1 and 2.Chapter 9 The Psychological Fiction1. D. H. LawrenceSons and Lovers (1913) , the first of Lawrence ’s important novel s, islargely autobiographical.This shows the influence of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis, especiallythat of the “Oedipus complex. ”The Rainbow, Women in Love and Lady Chatterley ’s Lover3. James JoyceUlysses (1922)June 16, 1904character: Leopold BloomJames Joyce was one of the most original novelists of the 20th century.His masterpiece Ulysses has been called “a modern prose epic ”.His admirers have praised him as “second only to Shakespeare in hismastery of the English language. ”4. Virginia Woolf“high-brows ”the Bloomsbury GroupVirginia Wolf ’s first two novels, The Voyage Out and Night and Day .Jacob’s Room, Mrs. Dalloway , To the Lighthouse and Orlando PartNine: Poets and Novelists Who Wrote both before and after the Second WorldWarChapter 5 E. M. ForsterEdward Morgan Forster the Bloomsbury Groupfour novels: WhereAngels Fear to Tread, The Longest Journey, A Roomwitha View and Howards EndA Passage to India , published in 1924, is Forster ’s masterpiece . In 1927, Forster published a book on the theory of fiction, Aspects of the Novel .Chapter 10 William GoldingWilliam Gerald GoldingHis first novel Lord of the FliesChapter 11 Doris LessingGolden Notebook。

英国文学简史归纳总结

英国文学简史归纳总结

英国文学简史归纳总结英国文学的历史源远流长,可以追溯到中世纪。

在这个长达几个世纪的发展过程中,英国文学经历了多个时期的变迁和演变。

下面将对英国文学的简史进行总结。

中世纪文学中世纪是英国文学的起源时期,主要以口头传承的方式存在。

这个时期的文学作品主要包括史诗、英雄传说和宗教作品。

其中最著名的作品是《贝奥武夫》和《亚瑟王传奇》。

这些作品描绘了英国的历史和传统,同时也反映了当时社会的价值观和信仰。

文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期是英国文学的重要阶段,也是一段充满创新和变革的时期。

在这个时期,人们开始对古希腊和罗马文化产生兴趣,并以之为灵感创作文学作品。

著名的作家包括威廉·莎士比亚和约翰·米尔顿。

莎士比亚的戏剧作品被广泛演出和阅读,对后世文学产生了深远的影响。

米尔顿则以史诗《失乐园》而闻名,该作品探讨了人类的自由意志和神的正义。

启蒙时期启蒙时期是18世纪英国文学的重要时期,也是理性和科学思想兴起的时期。

启蒙作家们通过批判和思考来探索人类的本质和社会问题。

著名的作家包括弗朗西斯·培根和亚历山大·蒲柏。

培根是一位哲学家和科学家,他的作品强调实证主义和科学方法。

蒲柏则以《人类理解论》和《社会契约论》等作品提出了关于政治和社会组织的思想。

浪漫主义时期浪漫主义时期是19世纪英国文学的重要时期,反映了对情感和想象力的追求。

浪漫主义作家们强调个体的感受和内心世界。

著名的作家包括威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·柯勒律治。

华兹华斯的《抒怀诗集》和柯勒律治的《抒情诗》被视为浪漫主义的经典作品,表达了对自然和人类情感的热爱。

维多利亚时代维多利亚时代是19世纪末到20世纪初的英国文学时期,以女王维多利亚的统治命名。

这个时期的作品反映了社会的变革和工业化进程。

著名的作家包括查尔斯·狄更斯和奥斯卡·王尔德。

狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》和王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》等作品揭示了社会的不公和道德问题。

英国文学复习总结

英国文学复习总结

英国文学复习总结详解Part one:Early and medieval English literature1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3)2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3)3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵),others are metaphor (暗喻)and understatement(保守陈述)(P5)4The Norman Conquest (诺曼征服)marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6)5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8)The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons.It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles :“matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers)“matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so forth)6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11)7.The ballads(民谣)(P17)The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas[ˈstænzə],with the second and fourth lines rhymed.It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood.8. Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions<1>Father of English poetry in 14th century.Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26)<2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26)<3>the founder of English realism(P23)The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English society of C haucer’s time<4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行)9. Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20)10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner(卖赎罪券者),the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师),the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)(了解一下)Part two:The English renaissance1.historical background1.The Reformation(宗教改革)2. the Authorized Version(钦定版圣经)3. The Enclosure movement(圈地运动) 4 The commercial expansion(贸易扩张)5 The war with Spain(与西班牙战争)6Renaissance(文艺复兴)7 Humanism(人文主义)(P27-30)2.Thomas More托马斯·莫尔 Utopia《乌托邦》Utopia is More's masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and a returned sailor.It is divided into two books.(P37)Book I of " Utopia" is a picture of contemporary social conditions of England.BookⅡwe have a picture of an ideal commonwealth (Utopia )in some unknown ocean.(P37)3. Thomas Wyatt(托马斯·韦阿特): He first introduced the sonnet into England from Italy.Surrey(萨里),in his tranlation Virgil’s Aeneid《埃涅伊德》,wrote the first English blank verse(无韵诗),later masrerly handled by Shakepeare and Milton.4 Philip Sidney(菲利普·锡德尼)Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星星》Apology for Poetry《为诗辩护》5.WalterRaleigh(华尔特·罗利) Discovery of Guiaana《发现圭亚那》,Historty of the world6."the poets' poet" of the period was Edmund Spenser.T he Shepherd’s Calendar《牧羊人日记》,Epithalamion《新婚颂歌》,masterpiece The Faerie Queen 《仙后》7. The Faerie Queen《仙后》(P42)<1>Spenser’s grestest work,is a long poem planned in 12 books,he only finished 6.the work was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.<2>each guest has a knight,each knight represents a virtue(美德),as Holiness(圣洁),Temperance(温和),Chastity(贞洁),Friendship,Justice (正义)and Courtesy(谦恭).<3>The knight as a whole symbolize England,the evil figures stand for his enemies,as King Philip of Spain,Mary Queen of Scots(both Catholics) or church of Rome.<4>The thoughts of the poem are nationalism,humanism,puritanism<5>The Faerie Queen is written in a special verse form ,consisits of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (an alexandrine亚历山大诗行),with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc c , the form called "Spenserian Stanza"(斯宾塞诗节) (P43)8.John Lyly(约翰·黎里)------Euphues《优弗依斯》was written in a peculiar style known as "Euphuism"(优弗依斯体或绮丽体)(P44)9. Francis Bacon(弗朗西斯·培根)the founder of English materialist philosophy(唯物主义) and modern science(P45)<1>Advancement of Learning《学问的演进》<2> New Instrument《新工具》---a statement of what is called the Inductive Method (归纳法)<3>Eassy《随笔》These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death and many others. (P46)Of study《论读书》10.The Miracle Play(奇迹剧)(P46)The miracle were simply plays based on Bible stoies,such as the creation of the world,Noah(诺亚)and the flood, and the birth co Christ.They were at first performed in the churches.But after the actors introduced secular(世俗)and even commercial elements into the performance,it was forbidden inside the church ,so it got into the market place.11.Morality play(道德剧)(P47)A morality presented the conflict of good and evil with allegorical persons,such as Mercy(怜悯),Peace,Hate,Folly and so on.They contended for the possession of one’s soul.The morality was dreary performance with endless speech-making of those abstract characters.so into the plays Vice(恶习)who was the predecessor of the modern clown.12.The Interlude(插剧)13.The classical drama------comedy and tragedy14."University Wits"(大学才子) They were Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene,Lodge and Nash). wrote for the stage of the time.15. Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛)t he most gifted of the "University Wits".(P50)Marlowe's best plays : Tamburlaine the Grea《帖木儿大帝》t, The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》and Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》.(P51)The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is Marlowe' s masterpiece.The doctor sold his soul to Devil so he may live 24 years in all voluptuousness.(P53)Marlowe's Literary Achievement(P55)<1>Marlowe was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama. He reformed the English drama and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.<2>He first made blank verse(unrhymed iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.<3>Marlowe's dramatic achievement lies chiefly in his epical and at times lyrical verse.<4>His works paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist –Shakespeare - whose achievements were the monument of the English Renaissance.16 Ben Jonson(本·琼森)--- V olpone, or the Fox, 《福尔蓬奈,或狐狸》The Alchemist.《炼金术士》,Every Man in His Humour《个性互异》,Bartholomew Fair《巴梭罗缪市集》(P94)William Shakespeare1. Shakespeare’s career may be divided into four major phrases which represent respectively his early, mature, flourishing, and late periods.(P60)详见课本2.His great ComediesA Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》,As You Like It《皆大欢喜》,Twelfth Night《第十二夜》are Shakespeare’s great comedies.3.The Character Analysis of Shylock 夏洛克人物形象分析He is greedy. He accumulates as much wealth as he can He is also cruel. In order to revenge, he would rather claim a pound of flesh from his enemy Antonio than get back his loan.他是贪婪的,竭尽全力敛财;他也是残忍的,为了复仇,宁愿割安东尼奥一磅肉用来偿还欠款。

(完整版)英美文学史复习笔记

(完整版)英美文学史复习笔记

英美文学复习时期划分-—Early & Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period--Renaissance 文艺复兴—-Revolution & Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟——Enlightenment 启蒙运动-—Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期——Critical Realism 批判现实主义——20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题:nature, life, death, belief, time, youth, beauty, love, feelings of differen t kinds, reason(wisdom), moral lesson, morality。

修辞名称:meter格律, rhyme韵, sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵, form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步, iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格, anapest抑抑扬格, da ctyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁:诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧novel起源:Christianity基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Roma nce of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士(笔记)一、 1、The Anglo—Saxon period(496—1066)这个时期的文学作品分类:(pagan异教徒)(Christ ian基督徒)2、代表作:The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》(national epic)(民族史诗)采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵(写作手法)例子:of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、 The Anglo-Norman period(1066—1350)Canto 诗章受到法国影响 English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon element s。

(完整word版)英国文学史及选读2-知识总结

(完整word版)英国文学史及选读2-知识总结

以下为英国文学史第二册的知识点总结个别知识点会有错误或者遗漏请在复习的时候自主补充愿大家都能取得好成绩———VictoriaJPart V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s <Lyrical Ballads>, and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death. Wordsworth华兹华斯Coleridge 柯尔律治Southey 骚塞The Lake Poets1.William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850Poet Laureate(桂冠诗人)a leader of the romantic movement in England.①Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)It marked the beginning of the Romantic revival in England(1)This is a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.(2)The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of the RomanticMovement in England.(3)It begins with Coleridge’s long poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”(“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)and ends with Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey”(“丁登寺”).(4)Many of the subjects of these poems deal with elements of nature such as birds,daffodils and simple rural folk.(5)The majority of poems in this collection were written by Wordsworth.The poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, a passionate love of nature and the simplicity and purity of the language.(6) Some of the best poems in the collection are:“Lines Written in Early Spring”(“早春诗行”),“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” (“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”)“Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey” (“丁登寺”).②Lucy Poems 《露西组诗》③“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” “独自漫游似浮云”=“The Daffodils”“水仙”Theme: 1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.④“The Solitary Reaper”“孤独的收割者”⑤The Prelude 《序曲》or Growth of a Poet’s Mind⑥The Excursion 《远足》《漫游》Wordsworth’s Principles of Poetry(feelings,commonplace things,the real language of man and deliberate simplicity,inner self, changed the ordinary speech of the language → return to nature.)2.George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~18241)Hours of Idleness 《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》dealing with childish recollections andearly friendship, showing the influence of 18th century traditions。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料英国文学史复习资料第一章:中世纪文学1.1 安格鲁-撒克逊时期(5世纪-1066年)- 口头传统和史诗:《贝奥武夫》- 基督教文学:《凡尔登战役》1.2 后征服时期(1066年-1485年)- 基督教文学:《格尔罗与黛斯蒙德》- 骑士文学:《亚瑟王传说》、《罗宾汉传》第二章:文艺复兴时期(1485年-1603年)2.1 草原学派- 约翰·斯克利- 托马斯·莫尔2.2 伊丽莎白时代- 威廉·莎士比亚:《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 - 克里斯托弗·马洛:《第一部十诫》第三章:17世纪文学3.1 评剧派- 本·琼生:《伊丽莎白时代断头台上的十一个人》- 约翰·福特:《佩里克尔斯·普林》3.2 枪炮派- 约翰·洛克:《论人类理解》- 托马斯·霍布斯:《利维坦》第四章:启蒙时代(18世纪)4.1 洛克主义- 亚当·斯密:《国富论》- 大卫·休谟:《人性的研究》4.2 唯理主义- 亚历山大·波佩:《怪异小说》- 理查德·斯蒂文森:《金银岛》第五章:浪漫主义(19世纪)5.1 威廉·华兹华斯:《抒情诗》5.2 柯勒律治:《唐吉诃德》第六章:维多利亚时代6.1 珍奥斯汀:《傲慢与偏见》6.2 狄更斯:《雾都孤儿》6.3 奥斯卡·王尔德:《道林·格雷的画像》第七章:现代主义(20世纪)7.1 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫:《至灵宴》7.2 乔治·奥威尔:《1984》7.3 约瑟夫·康拉德:《黑暗之心》第八章:后现代主义(20世纪末至今)8.1 萨尔曼·鲁西迪:《午夜的孩子》8.2 伊恩·麦克尤恩:《第二个苏格拉底》8.3 泽拉尔·纳西莫夫:《洛丽塔》总结:英国文学史涵盖了从中世纪到现代的丰富多样的文学作品。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料一、早期文学1、凯尔特文学:凯尔特人是英国最早的民族,他们有自己的语言和神话传说。

他们的文学作品包括《德鲁伊特教义》和《芬尼亚传奇》。

2、盎格鲁-撒克逊文学:随着罗马帝国的衰落,日耳曼部落开始在英国定居。

盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最著名的文学作品是《贝奥武夫》,讲述了一位英勇的武士贝奥武夫的故事。

二、中世纪文学1、英雄史诗:中世纪时期,英国出现了许多描写骑士和英雄事迹的史诗,如《罗兰之歌》、《希尔德布兰德之歌》等。

2、骑士文学:随着封建制度的发展,骑士成为英国社会的一个重要阶层。

骑士文学主要描写骑士的冒险经历和爱情故事,如《亚瑟王传奇》等。

3、宗教文学:中世纪时期,英国的宗教文学也很发达。

最有名的作品是《神曲》和《圣经》的英译本。

三、文艺复兴时期文学1、伊丽莎白时代文学:伊丽莎白一世时期,英国进入了文艺复兴时期。

这个时期的文学作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

2、斯图亚特王朝复辟时期文学:斯图亚特王朝复辟后,英国文学开始向古典主义转变。

这个时期的文学作品包括弥尔顿的《失乐园》和约翰·德莱顿的诗歌等。

四、启蒙时期文学1、启蒙运动:启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一个思想解放运动,旨在推翻封建制度,建立资产阶级民主制度。

英国的启蒙运动以洛克和休谟为代表。

2、现实主义小说:随着工业革命的兴起,英国的现实主义小说开始兴起。

这个时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、萨克雷、勃朗特姐妹等。

他们的作品主要描写社会底层人民的生活和资产阶级的虚伪与贪婪。

3、浪漫主义诗歌:19世纪初,英国的浪漫主义诗歌开始兴起。

这个时期的代表诗人包括华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦等。

他们的作品主要表达个人情感和对自然的向往。

五、维多利亚时期文学1、维多利亚时代的社会背景:维多利亚时代是英国的一个繁荣时期,也是英国殖民主义的高峰期。

这个时期的英国成为“日不落帝国”。

2、小说:维多利亚时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、勃朗特姐妹、哈代等。

英国文学史复习资料 (3)

英国文学史复习资料 (3)

英国文学史复习资料引言英国文学史作为世界文学史的重要组成部分,涵盖了几个世纪的文学作品。

本文档旨在为复习英国文学史的读者提供一份详细的复习资料。

文档将按时间顺序介绍不同时期的英国文学代表作品、主题和文学运动,帮助读者更好地了解英国文学的发展。

第一时期:中世纪文学中世纪是英国文学发展的起点,这一时期主要集中在中古时期(5世纪到15世纪)。

中世纪文学主题多样,包括骑士文学、宗教文学和民间传说等。

1. 骑士文学骑士文学是中世纪文学的重要组成部分,主要描述骑士们的冒险故事和荣誉观念。

其中最著名的作品是亚瑟王传说,包括托马斯·马洛里的《亚瑟王之死》和文德雷·莫特的《亚瑟王与圆桌骑士》。

2. 宗教文学中世纪是宗教统治的时代,因此宗教文学也占据了重要地位。

主要作品包括《坎特伯雷故事集》(Geoffrey Chaucer)和《悲叹诗》(The Pearl Poet)等。

3. 民间传说民间传说是中世纪文学的另一个重要方面,通过口述传统流传下来。

其中最著名的作品是《罗宾汉》和《亨利五世》等。

第二时期:文艺复兴时期文艺复兴时期(16世纪到17世纪)是英国文学史中的黄金时期,代表了英国文学的巅峰。

该时期出现了一系列重要的文学作品和文学运动。

1. 威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚是文艺复兴时期最杰出的戏剧家和诗人之一。

他的作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等,被誉为世界文学的经典之作。

2. 清教徒文学在文艺复兴时期,清教徒的宗教观念对文学也产生了重要影响。

约翰·密尔顿的《失乐园》是清教徒文学的代表作之一,描述了亚当和夏娃被驱逐出乐园的故事。

3. 文艺复兴诗歌文艺复兴时期的诗歌也有很高的艺术价值。

其中最有名的诗人包括培根、斯宾塞和塞西尔等。

第三时期:启蒙时代启蒙时代(18世纪)是英国文学史上的重要时期,代表了人类对理性和自由的追求。

该时期的作品主题涵盖政治、哲学和对人性的探索。

英国文学史期末复习要点

英国文学史期末复习要点

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf贝奥武甫(national epic民族史诗)采用了暗喻、押头韵手法。

勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗,使其断臂而死。

怪物之母为子复仇,又被他追踪杀死。

后来他做了国王。

一次火龙来犯,他挺身斩龙,伤重而死。

人民为他举行了隆重的葬礼。

3、The ancestors of the English are Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. 1066年诺曼人入侵,带来了欧洲大陆的封建制度,也带来了一批说法语的贵族。

古英语受到了统治阶层语言的影响,本身也在起着变化,12世纪后发展为中古英语。

文学上也出现了新风尚,盛行用韵文写的骑士传奇,它们歌颂对领主的忠和对高贵妇人的爱,其中艺术性高的有Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士与绿衣骑士。

它用头韵体诗写成,内容是古代亚瑟王属下一个“圆桌骑士”的奇遇。

2、传奇:描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情,表现骑士为获得荣誉、保护宗教或为了赢得贵妇人的爱情而到处冒险的骑士精神的文学。

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最全面英国文学史知识点总结英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound(头韵)Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集:first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three:King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。

) The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey① <The Faerie Queene>仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.② <The Shepherds Calendar>牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.③ <Amoretti>爱情小唱?2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535One of the greatest English humanists①<Utopia>乌托邦3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。

)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.? Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.①<The Advancement of Learning>学术的推进②<Essays>随笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson①<Comedy of Humours>②<Volpone, or the fox>狐狸5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama(完善了无韵体诗。

)Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.①<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus>浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝?③<The Jew of Malta>马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ;Richard II;Henry VIII②Four Comedies四大喜剧:<As You Like It>皆大欢喜;<Twelfth Night>第十二夜;<A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;<Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:<Hamlet>哈姆莱特;<Othello>奥赛罗;<King Lear>李尔王;<Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。

)①Epics: <Paradise Lost>失乐园<Paradise? Regained>复乐园②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙③ <Areopagitica>论出版自由?<The Defence of the English People>为英国人民声辩④ <On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。

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