英语强调句型用法分析完整

英语强调句型用法分析

山东省潍坊第七中学刘永科

英语中，表示“强调”的方法有很多。首先，在一个句子中我们可以通过嵌入某些单词或短语来实现。例如：

That is the very reason why I want to apologize to you.（very 表示“恰恰，正是”的含义，表示强调。）

What i n the world (on earth) did you mean by saying that? （in the world和on earth 两个短语都表示“究竟，到底”的含义，表示强调。）

I don’t like the picture at all.（at all 和not 连用，表示强调：“一点也不”。）

He shouldn’t be blamed for that because he is nothing but a child.（nothing but 理解为“仅仅，只不过”的意思，表示强调。）The family did manage to send him to a technical school.（在谓语动词之前加do, does, did也可以达到强调动词词义的目的。）但在更多的时候，我们则使用强调句型来实现“强调”之目的。例如：

It is human activity that has caused this global warming. (选修6第4单元)

It引导的强调句，是英语中最常见、最常用的语言现象，也是英语学习中的重点和难点。在我们课本里面，强调句型可以说比比皆是。例如：

I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long t hat I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (必修1 第1单元) 被强调的部分是一个原因状语从句。

不仅如此，在近几年的高考试题中，强调句亦频繁出现。例如：It wasn’t until nearly a month later ______ I received the manager’s reply. (2005 全国)

A. since

B. when

C. as

D. that

(此题考查“not…until…”的强调句型，答案是D。由于被强调的部分是时间状语，命题者给了三个与时间有关的干扰选项。但不要忘记这是一个强调句型，选that没错。)

--- ______ that he managed to get the information? (2005山东)

--- Oh, a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it

B. What was it

C. How was it

D. Why was it

(此题考查的内容虽然是“方式”，而不是强调句本身，但这4个选项全都用了强调句型的特殊疑问式，无疑增加了理解的难度。句子的意思是：他究竟是怎样设法得到这消息的？答案是C。)

下面总结归纳it强调句型的用法及其注意要点。

强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。如果把该句型结构还原，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的一种方法。

1. 被强调的成分举例

原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调主语：It was Tom that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.

2. 强调句型的一般疑问式

直接把is或was提到it之前即可。例如：

Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?

Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?

3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式

特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分，例如：

Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?

When was it that the Second World War broke out?

4. 用It is 还是It was?

我们可以根据原句时态来确定用It is 还是It was。如果原句时态属于现在时间范畴（包括一般现在时，现在进行式，现在完成时，一般将来时等），则用It is …；如果原句时态属于过去时间范畴（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时等），则用It was … 例如：

What is it that you want me to do now?

Was it John that broke the window this morning?

5. that (who) 有时可以省略

随着语言的发展，这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。例如：

It was my brother (that/whom) you saw the other day.

It was William (who) did it.

我们知道有这种省略现象而已，但尽量不要模仿，以免出错。

6. 并非所有的成分都可以强调

课本上讲，“可以对句子中除谓语动词以外的成分加以强调”，这