博士入学考试_2012年重庆大学博士入学考试真题

2012年重庆大学博士入学考试回忆篇（尽我最大努力回忆，请谅解）

考试科目：英语

题型：阅读理解40分，选词填空15分，英译汉15分，改错10分，作文20分

第一篇阅读是GMAT的一道题，在网上搜索到了原题，请查附录1

第二篇阅读不知道来源，但在网上搜索到了原题，请查附录2

第三篇阅读是雅思6, test 4里面的reading passage 3，请自己查找

选词填空没有找到原题

英译汉没有找到原题

改错是2005年12月六级原题，请自己查找

作文题目是你对job satisfication的看法

考试科目：图论

题型：判断题5道（考基础，定理，推论等），共10分；算法题4道（考最小生成树，最短路径，欧拉图，最大匹配），共60分；证明题3道（平面图，着色等），共30分

考试科目：计算机网络与数据仓库数据挖掘（综合，各占50分）

计算机网络部分：

第一道考RIP（路由信息协议）的报文格式及两个路由器之间如何修改路由表

第二道考提高信道利用率的方法？

第三道考据你所知，物联网对计算机网络提出了那些要求和挑战？

第四道考以太网和无线网收到帧后，是否给出应答，为什么？

第五道考IP报文为什么要分组发送？

第六道考什么是HTTP协议无状态？

第七道考移动IP通信中的三边路由的工作机制是什么？

数据仓库与数据挖掘部分：

第一道考OLAP与OLTP的区别

第二道考k-means聚类原理和算法步骤

第三道考多维数据查询，还有方和维。

第四道考朴素贝叶斯算法

个人看法：英语的难度适中偏难一点，题型有可能每年变化；图论考的证明题，我认为比较难，而且有点偏，有可能我没有复习到吧；计算机网络很难猜中考什么题，感觉变化挺大；数据仓库与数据挖掘考的不算难，而且感觉不偏。最后，个人认为对于计算机网络和数据仓

库与数据挖掘科目，今年考过的明年考的概率不大，因为我把前两年的复习了，今年都没有考。以上纯属个人看法，仅供参考。

附录1：

Passage 42

Modern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration) and buying from independent producers. Manufacturers who integrate may reap short-term rewards, but they often restrict their future capacity for innovative product development.

Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizers overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development. Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits. Nevertheless, because product innovation means adopting the most technologically advanced and cost-effective ways of making components, backward integration may entail a serious risk for a technologically active company-for example, a producer of sophisticated consumer electronics.

A company that decides to make rather than buy important parts can lock itself into an outdated technology. Independent suppliers may be unwilling to share innovations with assemblers with whom they are competing. Moreover, when an assembler sets out to master the technology of producing advanced components, the resulting demands on its resources may compromise its ability to assemble these components successfully into end products. Long-term contracts with suppliers can achieve many of the same cost benefits as backward integration without compromising a company’s ability to innovate.

However, moving away from backward integration is not a complete solution either. Developing innovative technologies requires independent suppliers of components to invest huge sums in research and development. The resulting low profit margins on the sale of components threaten the long-term financial stability of these firms. Because the ability of end-product assemblers to respond to market opportunities depends heavily on suppliers of components, assemblers are often forced to integrate by purchasing the suppliers of components just to keep their suppliers in business.

257. According to the passage, all of the following are benefits associated with backward integration EXCEPT:

(A) improvement in the management of overhead expenses

(B) enhancement of profit margins on sales of components

(C) simplification of purchasing and marketing operations

(D) reliability of a source of necessary components (B)

(E) elimination of unnecessary research efforts

258. According to passage, when an assembler buys a firm that makes some important