非谓语用法讲解

★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点 一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种 形式，即原形动词（不带to 的不定式）、现在分词和过 去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动 或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
3．用不定式作定语的几种情况： 不定式表将来： I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中 心词。如： He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats. 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如： Do you have the ability to read and write English ? I have a chance to go sight –seeing.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行） The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起来不可口。（被 动，完成） He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动， 将来） We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。 （被动，将来）
2．当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式 动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用 被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ （不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”） Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或 别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别 人”）
非谓语动词经典用法讲解
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★命题规律 1.考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用 法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大 了考生对题干句的理解难度。 2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的 互相干扰。 ★命题趋势 不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的 特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的 趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。 ★解题思路 ① 解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能（如状 语、定语或宾补）； ② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是 什么关系（主动还是被动）；
3．have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。 ① have sth. done = get sth. done ―使/让某事由别 人去做”（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow. 此外，have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……‖之意。 如 Tom had his leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去 做某事 如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰 当形式； ④ 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或 是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务
英语中的逻辑主语是怎么一回事？
逻辑主语： 是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者； 它们在源自文库辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不 能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。
二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如： ① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. ② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. ③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
★不定式、分词作定语用法要点 一、不定式作定语 1．作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式 所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等， 不定式后面须有相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. Here is some paper for you to write on. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in).
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。 如： I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态) I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保 留了原来之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义应是 “使……处于某种状态）。 leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾 补之间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。） leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间 是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多） leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示 将来的动作。） 如：It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
逻辑主语的判断：
1. 句子主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，它们之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。例如： She likes helping others .（she 就是 helping 的逻 辑主语） Moved by my words , her father told me the truth . （her father 是 moved 的逻辑主语）
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语，但 在被动语态中要加上to： 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2 听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（feel）。以上动词还可用 现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除 let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。 如：At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现 在分词表示主动，正在进行） get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来 如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 农忙时，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。 注意：“have sb. doing‖若用于否定句中，其中have 有 “容忍”之意。如： I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。 Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流 个不停。
2. 介词of 或for的宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。例 如： It’s kind of you to tell me the news . （you 是 to tell 的逻辑主语） 这个句子中，it是形式主语，句子的真正主语是 to tell me the news. It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time . （you 是to finish 的逻辑主语） 3. 复合结构中的宾语就是非谓动词的逻辑主语。例如： The doctor asked me to answer her question . （me 是to answer 的逻辑主语） I saw him playing at the river side . （him 是 playing 的逻辑主语）