高考英语语法填空改错专题训练7含答案

语法专项提升专题七
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The comments the expert made concerning stock market bothered Bill greatly, making(make) him sleepless all night.
解析句意：专家关于股市的评论使比尔大为烦恼，让他整夜无眠。

现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。

2．Scientists have created the world's smallest “snowman”，measuring(measure) about a fifth of the width of a human hair.
解析句意：科学家建造了世界上最小的“雪人”，它的宽度大约是人类头发宽度的五分之一。

现在分词作定语，相当于一个主动语态的定语从句，意即which measures...。

3．According to a survey conducted(conduct) recently in Shanghai, the city is facing a workforce shortage of 150,000 personnel.
解析句意：根据最近在上海开展的一项调查可知，该城市正面临15万劳动力的短缺。

过去分词作定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句，意即which was conducted...。

4．All along the way to the tourist destination, he would sometimes slow down the car to_make(make) sure if we were going the right way.
解析句意：在前往旅游目的地的路上，他有时会减速以确保我们所走的路是否是正确的。

不定式作目的状语。

5．At the entrance of the hall hangs a picture of an elegant and graceful old woman，seated(seat) smiling at everyone passing her.
解析句意：大厅入口处挂着一幅画像，画中一位优雅高贵的老妇人坐在那里对每个经过她的人微笑着。

seat 用作动词时是及物动词，只可用过去分词形式，表示“就座的状态”。

6．Imported/Having_been_imported(import) from other countries, sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity.
解析句意：沙画从别的国家引入中国之后，因为它的独特性和创造性而逐渐被大家认可。

过去分词作状语，表示“被动、完成”。

此处也可以用现在分词完成式的被动形式替换。

7．Earth is believed to have_been_hit(hit) by an object in the distant past before its surface cooled.
解析句意：人们认为地球在遥远的过去，在其表面冷却之前，曾经受到某物体的撞击。

hit这个动作发生在谓语is believed之前，因此应用不定式的完成式；因为是被撞击，应用被动形式。

8．Do you expect there to_be(be) a possibility that we shall be able to afford the furniture we need?
解析句意：你觉得我们有可能买得起我们所需要的家具吗？expect 后只可用不定式作宾语，不可用v.–ing形式，本句是there be句型的变体形式。

9．China is known to_have_changed(change) greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.
解析句意：众所周知，中国在过去的几年里在文化价值观方面发生了很大的变化。

be known to do sth为固定搭配，表示“众所周知……做了某事”。

不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作(is known)之前。

over the past few years强调现在相对于过去状态的转变。

10．Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is_to_be(be) avoided.
解析句意：如果要避免食物短缺的问题，必须做出巨大的努力来增加农业产量。

“be ＋to do”结构可用来表示“想要做……；根据计划安排做……”；又因为是在if 引导的条件状语从句里，故用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

11．I am expecting to_be_informed(inform) of every interesting thing you have heard of.
解析句意：我期待被告知任何你听到的有趣的事情。

expect to do sth期待做某事；主语I和inform存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态。

12．If you are free, I would like you to_stay(stay) over the weekend with me.
解析句意：如果你有空，我想让你和我一起过周末。

would like sb to do sth意为“想让某人做某事”。

13．Keep your legs crossed(cross) for five minutes to strengthen the muscle.
解析句意：保持双腿交叉五分钟来强化肌肉。

cross one's legs交叉双腿，过去分词作宾补，表示状态。

14．Young people may risk going(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
解析句意：年轻人如果每天接触高分贝的音乐，将面临失聪的风险。

risk后跟动词时，只能跟v.–ing形式。

risk doing sth冒险做某事。

15．I think it essential to_reserve(reserve) air tickets; otherwise we might not be able to catch the plane.
解析句意：我认为有必要预订飞机票，否则我们可能赶不上那趟飞机。

it在此处作形式宾语，不定式to reserve air tickets为真正的宾语。

16．The purpose of the meeting is to_select(select) a new captain, since John retired last month.
解析句意：这次会议的目的是选举一位新队长，因为约翰上个月退休了。

不定式to select a new captain在此处作表语强调将要发生的动作。

17．Mary suggested giving(give) up the project due to the lack of money and time.
解析句意：由于缺乏资金和时间，玛丽建议放弃这个项目。

suggest后跟动词时，只能跟v.–ing形式。

suggest doing sth建议做某事。

18．The teacher said to me seriously: “your assignment is to_be_handed(hand) in tomorrow.”
解析句意：老师严厉地对我说：“你的作业明天一定要交。

”be to do表示“计划、安排或命令”；assignment与hand in存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用被动语态。

19．I really appreciate being_given(give) this opportunity and I won't let you down.
解析句意：我真的感激被给予了这次机会，我不会让你们失望的。

appreciate后跟动词时，只能跟v.–ing形式。

20．It is no use regretting(regret) the mistakes you have already made in the final exam.
解析句意：后悔你在期末考试中所犯的错误是没有用的。

It is no use doing sth做某事没有用，为固定搭配。

21．He was the first guest to_arrive(arrive) at the meeting held in honor of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the peace of the world.
解析句意：他是第一位出席这次会议的客人，这次会议是为了纪念那些为了世界和平
而牺牲自己生命的士兵们。

当中心词为序数词，最高级，the last, the only等或中心词被这类词修饰时，应用不定式作定语。

22．It is well acknowledged that Maria is a pleasant person to_work(work) with.
解析句意：众所周知，与玛利亚共事很愉快。

不定式作定语。

23．My mother can't speak English, so it is hard to make herself understood(understand) in England.
解析句意：我母亲不会说英语，所以在英格兰她很难被别人理解。

understand与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

24．Having_struggled(struggle) with depression, eating disorders and alcohol abuse for years, he now understands how important being healthy is.
解析句意：在与抑郁、饮食失调和酗酒斗争多年后，现在他明白了健康是多么的重要。

struggle与主语he存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

分词作状语时，如果句中有延续性的时间状语，应用现在分词的完成式。

25．The mother was happy to see that her child was old enough to_dress(dress) himself now.
解析句意：这位母亲很高兴看到自己的孩子现在已经长大，可以自己穿衣服了。

adj.＋enough＋to do意为“足够……可以做……”。

26．It is selfish of him to_do(do) nothing for the poor families headed by children.
解析句意：他很自私，没有给那些小孩当家的贫困家庭做任何事情。

不定式作真正的主语。

27．Residents are advised not to_put(put) their rubbish bags on the pavement outside their houses.
解析句意：居民们被建议不要把垃圾袋扔在房子外面的人行道上。

advise sb to do sth 中的不定式用作宾语补足语。

28．The airport to_be_completed(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
解析句意：明年将完工的飞机场将会促进该地区的旅游业。

airport与complete存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；此处不定式作后置定语表示动作将要发生，故使用不定式
的被动形式。

29．Greatly encouraged(encourage), we made up our mind to carry on the hard work.
解析句意：因为受到极大的鼓励，我们下定决心继续这项艰难的工作。

encourage与主语we存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词作原因状语。

30．I happened to_be_watching(watch) TV when she called, and that's why I missed her call.
解析句意：当她打电话的时候，我恰巧正在看电视，这就是为什么我错过了她的电话。

happen to do sth碰巧做某事，为固定搭配。

此处用不定式的进行时，表示当时正在发生的动作。

Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Knowing office rules—whether being written or not—is important, especially for young job seekers.
解析句意：了解办公室规则，不管写明与否，都是很重要的，特别是对于年轻的求职者来说。

whether是连词，其后可跟一个句子，也可跟一个省略句，whether written or not 相当于whether they are written or not。

reasonable, the idea he came up with to create a friendly environment attracted
2.Sounded
Sounding
much public attention.
解析句意：他所提出的创造一个友好环境的想法听起来合理，吸引了公众的注意。

注意本句主语the idea后跟了两个定语：一是(which) he came up with，二是to create a friendly environment。

句子的谓语是attracted。

sound 是连系动词，不可用于被动语态，同样不可用过去分词形式作状语。

by next 3．I'm sorry, but I didn't see how we can get all this work you assigned doing
done Tuesday.
解析句意：对不起，但我没明白我们怎样可以在下周二前完成您布置的所有工作。

get sth done中done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。

4．Smoking in the workplace is becoming less and less acceptable and that makes more
the habit.
people begin to consider quit
quitting
解析句意：在工作场所吸烟变得越来越不能被接受，这使得更多的人开始考虑改掉这个习惯。

动词consider意为“考虑”时，其后跟v.–ing作宾语。

caught by the police, but in vain.
5．The murderer ran away, trying to escape ∧
being
解析句意：凶手逃跑了，试图逃脱警察的抓捕，但这是徒劳的。

动词escape后应跟v.–ing 形式作宾语，因为是被抓，故用被动形式。

its web in the cave 6．The King is said to have been encouraged by the spider woven
weaving
where he was hiding and defeated his enemy at last.
解析句意：据说国王是受到他所藏身的洞穴里一只织网的蜘蛛的鼓励，最终打败了他的敌人。

spider与weave是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语，相当于一个主动语态的定语从句，即which was weaving...。

7.∧
Made full preparations, Tony was quite confident about the coming interview.
Having
解析句意：因为作了充分的准备，托尼对即将到来的面试很有信心。

主语Tony与make 是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作原因状语；因其发生在主句动作前，故用现在分词的完成式。

.
8．With more and more tourists invading, lots of places of interest require to be repairing
repaired 解析句意：随着越来越多的游客涌入，很多名胜古迹需要维修了。

sth作主语时，require doing＝require to be done某物需要被……。

9．A volunteer is a person willing to help others, one who offers to do something without paid.
∧
being
解析句意：志愿者是一个愿意帮助别人、愿意主动做某事而不要报酬的人。

介词with/without后直接跟v.–ing形式，而pay与主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在分词的被动式。

your temper with the client was a very expensive mistake: we have lost the
10.Lost
Losing
contract which is very important to us.
解析句意：对客户发脾气是一个代价很高的错误：我们失去了对我们非常重要的合同。

句中was 是谓语动词，其前应是动名词短语作主语；因为表达的是一件曾经发生的事，应用动名词而不是动词不定式。

come home last week but her husband denied it.
11．She is said to ∧
have
解析句意：据说她上周已经回家了，但她的丈夫否认了这一点。

come动作发生在denied 之前，故用不定式的完成式。

be reading aloud when the teacher came in.
12．The children pretended ∧
to
解析句意：当老师进来时，孩子们正假装在大声读书。

pretend to do sth假装做某事，为固定搭配。

basic first–aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
13.Know
Knowing
解析句意：掌握基本的急救技能能帮助你快速应对紧急情况。

动名词短语作主语，表示“一般性动作”。

upside down, the room seems to have been broken into.
14．With everything turning
turned
解析句意：所有东西被翻得底朝天，房间看起来像被人破门而入过。

everything与turn 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。

equally after finding out she was paid far less than her male 15．She asked to be treating
treated
colleagues.
解析句意：她发现自己的薪水比男同事低得多后，要求得到同样的待遇。

She与treat 是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。

16．The custom of taking afternoon tea is believed to have ∧
first introduced in England
been
in 1840 by Anna, the Seventh Duchess of Bedford.
解析句意：一般认为，英国下午茶的传统是于1840年由贝德福德公爵夫人安娜第一次引进的。

sb/sth is believed to do sth某人/物被认为做某事，为固定搭配，introduce动作发生在believe之前，且custom与introduce之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其不定式的现在完成被动形式。

17．We are talking about how to be overcome the present difficulties.
解析句意：我们在讨论怎样克服眼前的困难。

we与overcome是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用不定式的主动形式。

go to your birthday party 18．With lots of important matters to attend to, I have no time ∧
to
now.
解析句意：有许多要事要处理，我现在没时间参加你的生日宴会。

have (no) time to do sth(没)有时间做某事，为固定搭配。

19.Judged
from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries.
Judging
解析句意：从她的口音判断，她肯定来自阿拉伯国家。

此处judging为悬垂分词，不需考虑与主句主语的关系。

with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
20．When we saw the road blocking
blocked
解析句意：当我们看到道路被雪堵塞时，我们决定在家里度假。

road与block是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动意义。

21．The stories of rescuing trapped strangers in the earthquake highlight the huge efforts /having made by residents themselves, as well as aid workers from around the world. having
being
解析句意：营救被困在地震中的陌生人的事迹突显了由居民们自己以及来自世界各地的救援人员所做出的巨大努力。

现在分词的完成式不可以作定语，可用现在分词的一般式表示正在做出的努力，或用过去分词表示已做出的努力。

up the plan of building a primary school in the remote area.
22．She insisted on give
giving
解析句意：她坚持放弃在偏远地方建一所小学的计划。

insist on doing sth坚持做某事，为固定搭配。

stick, the old lady finally managed to get there.
23．With the help of a walk
walking
解析句意：在一根手杖的帮助下，那位老太太最终成功到达那里。

表示事物的性质和功能多用动名词作定语。

24．The question being discussing
discussed
is of great importance to the whole country.
解析句意：正在被讨论的问题对全国都很重要。

question与discuss是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在分词的被动式。

25．It hasn't rained for a month, ∧
which /makes
making
the crops hard to grow.
解析句意：一个月没下雨使得庄稼难以生长。

现在分词短语作结果状语；也可以用非限制性定语从句。

26．I actually heard him locked
lock/locking
the door before he left the house.
解析句意：在他离开家之前，我事实上听到他锁门。

hear sb do sth听到某人做了某事；hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事。

27．Entering the classroom, the teacher found that all the students were seating
seated
quite well.
解析句意：走进教室，老师发现所有学生都坐得好好的。

此处seat用作及物动词表“就座的状态”，故只可用过去分词。

28．Why not to join us in the game and have some nice relaxation?
解析句意：为什么不加入我们，玩游戏放松一下呢？why not do sth为什么不做某事，为固定搭配，表示建议。

29．You can't expect me to do the housework as well as to read so many books.
解析句意：你不能期待我既做家务又读许多书。

as well as连接两个不定式时，第二个不定式的to要省去。

30．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixing
fixed
upon it.
解析句意：吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面。

fix one's attention upon sth集中某人的注意力于某事，fix与attention是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。