3中国节日 藏历新年英语

Tibetan New YearTibetan New Year called Losar falls on the25th day of the10th month of the Tibetan calendar (late January or early February).The word Losar is a Tibetan word for New Year.LO means year and SAR means new.Losar celebrations take place over a week.People eat sumptuous meals，offer prayers to their family deities and visit nearby monasteries.Traditional ways of celebrating Losar have changed somewhat through time.For example，fireworks are a relatively recent addition to Losar,but have grown in popularity until today they are possibly Losar's main attraction(at least among youths).These days，on the first day of New Year, good tidings ring out all across the area by'means of the electronic media，and New Year celebrations are broadcast on television.注释：Monastery:寺庙藏历新年：藏历年，在每年藏历的10月25日（一般在公历的1月底2月初）庆祝。

藏历年在藏语中也叫洛萨，洛是年的意思，而萨代表着新。

藏历年的庆祝活动可达一周之久。

在此期间人们享受奋盛的食物，做奉祖本神录、参拜附近的寿院。

传统的藏历年庆祝已经随着时间有所改变。

举个例子，烟花只是近年来才加人藏历年的特色，但是却非常受欢迎，如今，烟花已经是藏历年的主要特色了（相对于青年人来说）。

当今，每逢藏历年的第一天，好消息就在电子通讯的帮助下传遍整个地区，人们还能通过电视直播看到新年庆祝活动。

Hstory of Losar CelebrationsThe celebration of Losar can be traced back to the pre-Buddhist Bon period in Tibet.In this early Bon tradition,every winter a spiritual ceremony was held,in which people offered large quantities of incense to appease the local spirits，deities and"protectors".This religious festival later evolved into an annual Buddhist festival.The festival is said to have begun when an old woman introduced the measurement of time based on the phases of the moon.This festival took place during the flowering of the apricot trees,and it may have been the first celebration of what has become the traditional farmers’festival.It was during this period that the arts of cultivation,irrigation,refining iron from ore and building bridges were first introduced in Tibet. The ceremonies which were instituted to celebrate these new capabilities can be recognized as precursors of the Losar ter when the rudiments of astrology,based on the five elements，were introduced in Tibet,this farmers’festival became what we now call the Losar or New Year's festival.注释：Buddhist:adj佛教的phase:n阶段，状态irrigation:灌溉藏历年的庆祝活动：藏历年的庆祝活动可以追溯到佛教之前的苯教时期。

在早期苯教传统中，每年冬天都要举行一个宗教仪式，人们供奉香料来取悦本地神灵。

这一宗教节日后来就演化为每年的佛教节日。

传说中这一节日自一位老妇人引进了基于月圆月缺的时间计算方法才开始的。

每年桃花一开，就算新年的开始。

这可能是人们为后来成为传统农民节日的第一次庆祝。

当时耕种、灌概、炼铁、造桥都首次传人西藏。

对这些新技术的庆祝可以视作藏历年的前身。

后来当基于五行的占星术理论传人西藏时，农民的节日就变成了我们今日所称的藏历年。

Gutor CelebrationsThe last two days of the old year are called Gutor.Tibetans start cleaning their houses thoroughly. Special care of the"kitchen"is taken while cleaning the house and special new year dishes are cooked. The New Year delicacies include a soup consisting of nine ingredients-rice，wheat,meat,sweet potatoes,cheese，green peppers，vermicelli,peas and radishes.Dumplings are served with this soup. Dumplings contain paper,pebbles or scraps of wood which are used to tell the future ahead.On the second day of Gutor,people visit monasteries to make offerings and give gifts to monks. They also participate in various religious ceremonies during the day.The most popular is the play in which the people perform masked dances.It symbolizes victory of good over bad.Crackers are burnt to light the darkness of the New Year and to scare off all the evil spirits.固朵庆祝：一年的最后两天叫做固朵，这两天藏族人开始清扫房间，打扫房间的时候要格外注意厨房，因为这里要做出新年的各式菜肴。

新年佳肴包括一道9种原料的糊糊（分别是：米、麦片、肉、红薯、奶酪、青椒、面疙瘩、豌豆和萝卜），随着端上的还有撇把，里面分别包着纸、石块、或者木头，用来象征未来。

在固朵第二天，人们会去参拜寺庙，献上祭品，并为僧人送上礼物。

在那天人们还参加各种各样的宗教仪式，其中最有名的一项就是人人带上面具跳舞演戏，这代表着邪不压正。

之后在夜晚会点起鞭炮来驱除恶灵。

New Tear’s DayAs New Year's Day dawns，the housewives go to fetch the first bucket of clean well or spring water and then wake other family members to get up and water the animals.New Year's Day water is considered the most auspicious of all water.On that day,Tibetans get up early，take bath and wear new clothes.First,they worship the gods in their households and offer them food.After performing religious ceremonies at home,Tibetans visit monasteries and shrines to make ter,all family members sit together to have special New Year meals.It includes Kapse(a cake)and a warm alcoholic drink called Qiangku.Houses are decorated with flour paintings of the sun and the moon.People also make offerings to the moon for happy and prosperous life.At night,they illuminate the house with oil lamps.On the second day of Losar,people visit their friends and relatives.Outdoor activities become the part of entertainment.People escalate the festival celebrations with traditional stage fights between good and bad.In the night,people汕irl burning torches in their homes to cast away the evil spirits. Then from the third day onwards，the people and monks begin to celebrate and enjoy the festive season.In many parts of Tibet，Losar is celebrated for fifteen days or more.注释：household:n.家庭，一家人offering：n.献礼，祭品escalate逐步升高，逐步加强新年：在初一清晨，家庭主妇们就去拎来清冽可口的泉水或净水，先召唤家人起床，之后再去喂牲畜喝水二初一的水被认为是所有水中最吉利的。