专题一构词法

第二部分语法专题

专题一～专题十五专题一构词法

一、名词的构词法

1．动词变名词的后缀

后缀例词

­al approve→approval 赞成；批准arrive→arrival 到来；到达survive→survival 幸存propose→proposal 提议；建议

­ance appear→appearance 出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演；节目

­ence exist→existence 存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅

­ion attract→attraction 吸引construct→construction 建设educate→education 教育evaluate→evaluation 评估graduate→graduation 毕业discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论

­ation expect→expectation 期待；期望explain→explanation 解释consider→consideration 考虑imagine→imagination 想象力starve→starvation 挨饿

invite→invitation 邀请；请柬

在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：

Japan→Japanese 日本人

­an America→American 美国人Australia→Australian 澳大利亚人

­ian music→musician 音乐家history→historian 历史学家politics→politician 政治家；政客

­ist novel→novelist 小说家special→specialist 专家

tour→tourist 旅行者；观光者

­ant serve→servant 仆人

participate→participant 参加者assist→assistant 助手；图书管理员

语篇填空

From the expression (express)on Mary's face, he knew he left a bad impression (impress) on her and if she won the election (elect) to become chairman of the Environment Organization (organize), he could not get her permission (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of pollution (pollute)and to help people enjoy a better earth. When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation，he got inspiration (inspire)from his wife's words. Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his determination (determine) to work for the organization. “My dear，you are really a wonderful helper (help)！I'm sure I will be the winner(win)of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.

二、形容词、副词后缀

1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀

后缀例词

­able accept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的

­some

tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的

­y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的

wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的

­ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的

­ish child→childish 孩子气的

fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish 自私的

­ic

science→scientific 科学的

economy→economic 经济的

history→historic 历史上著名的

在形容词后加­ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加­ly

fortunate→fortunately 幸运地

clear→clearly 清楚地

slow→slowly 缓慢地

immediate→immediately 立即

改y为­ily happy→happily 高兴地easy→easily 容易地

去e加­ly true→truly 真诚地；确实possible→possibly 可能地simple→simply 简单地gentle→gently 温柔地

单句语法填空

1．Finding some strange men hanging about, the woman quickly locked her door, very scared (scare)．

2．The good working condition in this city is attractive(attract)．

3．You can rely on him because he is reliable(rely)．