专题一构词法

第二部分语法专题专题一～专题十五专题一构词法一、名词的构词法1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词­al approve→approval 赞成；批准arrive→arrival 到来；到达survive→survival 幸存propose→proposal 提议；建议­ance appear→appearance 出现；外貌guide→guidance 指引；指导perform→performance 表演；节目­ence exist→existence 存在；生存prefer→preference 偏爱refer→reference 参考；查阅­ion attract→attraction 吸引construct→construction 建设educate→education 教育evaluate→evaluation 评估graduate→graduation 毕业discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论­ation expect→expectation 期待；期望explain→explanation 解释consider→consideration 考虑imagine→imagination 想象力starve→starvation 挨饿invite→invitation 邀请；请柬在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。

常见的表示“人”的后缀有：Japan→Japanese 日本人­an America→American 美国人Australia→Australian 澳大利亚人­ian music→musician 音乐家history→historian 历史学家politics→politician 政治家；政客­ist novel→novelist 小说家special→specialist 专家tour→tourist 旅行者；观光者­ant serve→servant 仆人participate→participant 参加者assist→assistant 助手；图书管理员语篇填空From the expression (express)on Mary's face, he knew he left a bad impression (impress) on her and if she won the election (elect) to become chairman of the Environment Organization (organize), he could not get her permission (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of pollution (pollute)and to help people enjoy a better earth. When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation，he got inspiration (inspire)from his wife's words. Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his determination (determine) to work for the organization. “My dear，you are really a wonderful helper (help)！I'm sure I will be the winner(win)of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.二、形容词、副词后缀1．动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词­able accept→acceptable 可接受的comfort→comfortable 舒适的fashion→fashionable 时髦的­sometire→tiresome 令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome 麻烦的­y taste→tasty 美味的；可口的health→healthy 健康的wealth→wealthy 富裕的；丰富的­ern east→eastern 东方的；向东的­ish child→childish 孩子气的fool→foolish 愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish 自私的­icscience→scientific 科学的economy→economic 经济的history→historic 历史上著名的在形容词后加­ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加­lyfortunate→fortunately 幸运地clear→clearly 清楚地slow→slowly 缓慢地immediate→immediately 立即改y为­ily happy→happily 高兴地easy→easily 容易地去e加­ly true→truly 真诚地；确实possible→possibly 可能地simple→simply 简单地gentle→gently 温柔地单句语法填空1．Finding some strange men hanging about, the woman quickly locked her door, very scared (scare)．2．The good working condition in this city is attractive(attract)．3．You can rely on him because he is reliable(rely)．4．In my opinion, we should take road safety seriously (serious) in our daily life.5．Luckily (lucky), he also had a cow producing milk every day.三、动词词缀前缀en­endanger v. 使处于危险之中encourage v. 鼓励enrich v. 丰富enlarge v. 变大；增大；扩大后缀­en sharpen v. 使锋利shorten v. 缩短widen v. 加宽­fy beautify v. 美化simplify v. 简化classify v. 归类purify v. 提纯­ize localize v. 使地方化realize v. 认识到popularize v. 普及单句语法填空1．These activities enable(able) the students to know how to apply the knowledge learned in the textbooks.2．I work hard to realize(real) my dream.3．Some think that studying abroad can broaden(broad) their horizon.4．You should simplify(simple) your idea.5．Try your best to memorize (memory)these new words.6．The question must be simplified(simple)so that we can find out a solution to it.7．It costs a lot of money if we plan to purify(pure)the waste water.8．The bank of Japan began to lower (low) interest rates in July 1991, soon afterproperty prices began to decline.9．You can enlarge(large)your vocabulary if you keep on memorizing some new words every day.10．The sentence summarized (summary) the information given above.四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un­不，非unable 不能够unlucky 不幸的dis­不，非dishonest 不诚实的discontinuous 不连贯的in­不，非inactive 不活跃的incorrect 不正确的im­不，非impatient 不耐烦的impossible 不可能的ir­不，非irregular 不规则的irresponsible 不负责任的il­不，非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal 非法的non­不，非nonexistent 不存在的nonstop 连续不断的mis­错误mislead 误导misunderstand 误解dis­＋动词dislike 不喜欢disagree 不同意(意义相反)un­＋动词uncover 揭开undress 脱衣服(意义相反)名词＋­less→否定意义的形容词use n. 用处；用途useless adj. 无用的hope n. 希望hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的home n. 家homeless adj. 无家可归的Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He misunderstood(understand) me, which made me upset.2．It's illegal (legal) to sell guns in China.3．To most young children, being laughed at by others is a(n) unpleasant (pleasant) experience.4．He got impatient(patient) due to the long wait.5．A lot of people became homeless(home) owing to the terrible earthquake.Ⅱ.语篇填空The speech seemed to be nonstop (stop) and the listeners became very impatient (patient). When the speaker said that oil was non­renewable (renew) and that the best way to solve the problem was not to make cars and buses to force people to go to work or school on foot, the audience thought it was impractical (practice) and unbearable (bear) to listen to him any longer. They disbelieved (believe) that the world would go smoothly without these modern transportations. They also thought that the speaker was irresponsible (responsible) to make such a statement without thinking it carefully and his speech would cause some misunderstandings (understand). So most of the listeners chose to leave, shouting loudly and angrily.五、正确使用派生词1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。