冠词知识点讲解

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冠词

一、不定冠词

1. 不定冠词a和an,一般用来修饰单数可数名词。

a用在发音以辅音音素的名词之前,

an则用在发音以元音音素的名词之前。

如:a student,an orange。

注意:

1)以元音字母U字母开头的词:

an umbrella/ unhappy family/ unusual child

a useful book/ university/ UFO/ uniform

2)以辅音字母H字母开头的词:

An honest boy/ hour

A history book/ horse

3)以元音字母E字母开头的词:

English/ egg European

4)以元音因素开头的字母: m/ f/ h/ x/ 8/ s

Eg: There is an “m” in the word “mouth”.

The “h” in the word “hour” is not pronounced.

2. 不定冠词指表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,第一次提到某人

或某物时,

1) 用于可数名词单数前,表示某一类人或事物(相当于 any+n.)Eg: A horse is a useful animal.

A student should study hard.

2) 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个

Eg:I am a student. / Give me a pen, please.

3) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

Eg: A boy is waiting for you.

Last week we worked in a factory.

4) 表示数量,有“一个”的意思。

Eg: I have a dog. / Have a cup of tea, please.

5) 表示单位,相当于“每”的意思。

Eg: They worked eight hours a day.

The train can go 100 kilometers an hour.

6)用于固定词组中。

have a rest (break,look,,try, cold, fever, headache), take a walk, in a

moment,

in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour ,

a little , a few , a lot of,a great many ,as a rule ,in a hurry , in a word ,in a short while (不久),after a while ,have a good time , (say) with a smile

(speak) in a low voice, have a word with sb,take an active part in 积极参加

二、定冠词的用法

定冠词the可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

Give me the book ( on the top shelf)

We must catch the next bus.

(1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

What’s in the paper ( on the radio)

(2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house.I’ve been to the house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

(3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth,the world/ the universe

In space 在太空

(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物:

如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸

The horse is a useful animal. (表类别与其它类别相区别)

A horse is a useful animal. (类别中的任何一个或具体的一个例子)

或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:

如:the rich 富人;the living 生者。The old/ sick/ young/ blind/ sick (5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same,表方向的名词等前面:

Eg: the first time, the last lesson, the longest river, on the left

That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

注意:

当序数词表名次,在句中作表语或状语时,通常不加冠词

Eg: I am second in the English contest.(表语)

George arrived first. (状语)

序数词表“又一”时,前面常不加定冠词

Eg: He lost his way for a second time yesterday.

当表示方位的名词做副词时,不加定冠词

Eg: I’m thinking of going south. / from east to west

(6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

(7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。

She patted the boy on the head.

(8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国

the Great Wall 长城 the Shanghai Railway Station

the No.1 Middle School

(9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:

Eg: She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。

(violin, guitar, triangle(三角铁), drum, recorder (竖笛))

注意:在表示具体的器物或表示课程时,不加the

Eg: He bought a pian o last month.

She taught piano in the school.

(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

(在句中做主语时,谓语动词用复数)

Eg: The Greens are watching TV now. 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)(11) 在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前,

如the Yellow River , the East China 东海; the West Lake 西湖

the Tianshan Mountains 天山

(12) 某些建筑物名词前,如the Summer Palace.

(13) 在报纸、杂志、旅馆、经典等名词前,如the People′s Daily.(14)用于自然现象前 Don’t stand in the rain.

(15)用在惯用语中:

in the day在白天,in the morning (afternoon,evening),

the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next

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