科技英语写作中的常用写作句型归纳与总结
科技报告常用词汇和套句汇总
科技报告常用词汇和套句汇总本文旨在提供科技报告中常用的词汇和套句，以帮助写作人士在撰写科技报告时更加准确和流畅地表达观点。
科技报告常用词汇1. 研究 (research)2. 分析 (analysis)3. 数据 (data)4. 实验 (experiment)5. 发现 (findings)6. 结果 (results)7. 讨论 (discussion)9. 存在 (existence)10. 影响 (impact)11. 探索 (exploration)12. 解决方案 (solution)13. 持续发展 (ongoing development)14. 创新 (innovation)15. 应用 (application)16. 可行性 (feasibility)17. 方案 (proposal)18. 推断 (inference)19. 验证 (validation)20. 趋势 (trend)科技报告常用套句1. 根据我们的研究，我们发现了以下关键结果：- According to our research, we have identified the following key findings:2. 在数据分析的过程中，我们观察到一个明显的趋势：- During the process of data analysis, we observed a significant trend:3. 通过对不同方案进行比较，我们得出以下结论：4. 这个实验的结果支持了我们的假设：- The results of this experiment support our hypothesis:5. 我们对当前技术的存在和发展进行了深入讨论：- We have engaged in an in-depth discussion on the existence and development of current technologies:6. 通过进一步的探索，我们找到了一个创新解决方案：- Through further exploration, we have identified an innovative solution:7. 这个方案的可行性已经得到了验证：- The feasibility of this proposal has been validated:8. 根据我们的推断，这个新技术将对行业产生重大影响：- Based on our inference, this new technology will have a significant impact on the industry:9. 我们的研究对当前的技术趋势提供了有价值的见解：- Our research offers valuable insights into current technological trends:10. 我们的实验结果与之前的研究一致：- Our experimental results are consistent with previous research:以上是科技报告常用词汇和套句的汇总，希望能对您在写作科技报告时有所帮助。
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文是学术交流和研究成果发布的重要形式之一，对于科学研究人员而言，掌握科技论文的常用句型和写作要点是提高论文质量和影响力的关键。
本文将介绍一些常用的科技论文句型，并分享一些写作要点，帮助科研人员写出更加精彩和专业的科技论文。
一、常用句型1.表达引言和目的：–In recent years, there has been growing interest in…–The purpose of this study is to…–This paper aims to…–The intention of this research is to…这些句型常用于引出研究的背景和目的，为读者提供对研究主题的整体认识。
2.阐述问题：–One of the key research questions is…–The main problem addressed in this study is…– A major challenge in this field is…这些句型用于明确和阐述研究中需要解决的问题和挑战，引起读者的兴趣。
3.描述方法和实验过程：–The research was conducted using a quantitative/qualitative approach.–The experimental setup consisted of…–Data collection was performed through…在描述研究方法和实验过程时，可以使用这些句型来说明研究使用的方法和实验设计的细节。
4.呈现结果和数据分析：–The results of the study indicate…–The data analysis revealed that…–From the findings, it can be concluded that…通过使用这些句型，可以简明扼要地呈现研究的结果和对数据的分析。
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文的常用句型与写作要点在撰写科技论文时，合理的句型和写作要点能够使文章更加准确清晰地传递信息。
下面是一些常用的句型和写作要点，希望能对你的科技论文写作有所帮助。
一、引言部分1. 开篇引出研究主题- Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, the issue of [研究主题] has gained significant attention.- In recent years, [研究主题] has become an important topic in the field of [相关领域].- The study of [研究主题] has attracted growing interest in both academia and industry.- The purpose of this paper is to investigate [研究主题] and propose a novel approach to address this problem.2. 简述研究现状和研究意义- Previous studies have shown that [现有研究结果].- However, there are still some unresolved issues in this area, including [未解决问题].- Therefore, it is necessary to further explore [研究主题].- The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of [研究主题] and provide practical guidance for [相关领域].二、方法部分1. 描述研究对象- The samples used in this study were [样本来源和特点].- In order to achieve a representative sample, we selected [选择方法].- The data was collected from [数据来源] and verified by [其他数据].2. 介绍研究设计- This study adopts a [研究设计] approach.- A combination of [多个方法] was used to analyze the data.- We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis.3. 讨论研究结果- The results indicate that [结果].- Our findings suggest that [发现].- It can be concluded that [总结].- The results are consistent with previous studies, which support the validity of our hypothesis.三、讨论部分1. 解释研究结果- The observed differences can be attributed to [解释原因].- It is likely that [可能原因].- The variation in [结果] may be due to [原因].- These findings provide evidence for [研究结论].2. 探讨研究局限性- One limitation of this study is that [局限性].- The sample size was relatively small, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.- Future research should consider [应注意问题].3. 提出研究建议- Future studies should focus on [进一步研究方向].- It is recommended that [建议].- More research is needed to explore the impact of [研究主题] on [相关领域].- Practical implications and potential applications of the findings should also be considered.四、结论部分1. 简述研究成果- In summary, this study has provided valuable insights into [研究主题].- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of [研究主题].- These results have important implications for [相关领域].2. 总结研究贡献- This study has advanced the knowledge in [相关领域].- The methodology and findings of this study can be applied in [其他领域].- The results of this study fill a gap in the literature and provide afoundation for future research.3. 展望未来研究方向- Future research should focus on [发展方向].- It is recommended to explore [进一步研究内容].- Further investigation is needed to address [相关问题].总之，科技论文的写作要点包括明确引出研究主题、描述研究方法、讨论研究结果和提出研究建议。
科技英语写作句型
科技英语写作句型科技英语写作句型科技类英语作文一般针对他的现状和未来影响描写，下面是店铺分享的科技英语写作句型，希望能帮到大家!句型1)对……产生很大影响: have a great effect on(2)起很大作用：make a great difference(3)改变人们的生活：change one’s life(4)得益于、从……获益benefit from(5)与……有关联：relate to/ be linked to(6)能使用：have access to/ be accessible to(7)代替：take the place of(8)致力于：devote oneself to(9)实现：come true(10)赶上：keep/catch up with(11)与……不同：be different from/differ from(12)使某人能做：enable sb to do sth(13)把……考虑进去：take something into consideration(14)引起某人的注意：catch/attract the attention of sb(15)导致：lead to/contribute to/result in/ bring about(16)在某方面起重要的作用：play an important role in(17)提高人类的生活质量：improve the quality of life for humans(18)为治疗疾病而进行一项研究：carry out a research in the hope of curing the illnesses(19)科学技术是第一生产力。
Science and technology are a primary productive force.(20)随着互联网、个人电脑、3G手机的日益普及，我们的生活发生了巨大的变化或我们的生活精彩无限。
科技英文作文素材
科技英文作文素材1. Technology is changing our lives in so many ways. From the way we communicate to the way we work, technology has become an integral part of our daily routine.2. Take smartphones, for example. They have revolutionized the way we stay connected with friends and family, access information, and even shop online. It's hard to imagine life without them now.3. And then there's the impact of technology on the workplace. With the rise of remote work and digital nomadism, people can now work from anywhere in the world, as long as they have a stable internet connection.4. The healthcare industry has also been transformed by technology. From telemedicine to wearable devices that track our health, technology has made it easier for us to monitor and manage our well-being.5. Of course, with all the benefits of technology, there are also concerns. Privacy and security issues have become more prevalent as we rely more on digital platforms for our personal and professional needs.6. Despite the challenges, it's clear that technology will continue to shape our future. As new innovations emerge, it's important for us to adapt and embrace the changes that come with it.。
英文科技写作句型和词汇表达总结
以前的研究：过去时，自己研究中做过的事：过去时，其他都用：现在时态。
研究发现的可能解释理由用助动词：can, may, might, it seems that, could,研究结果的评论不确定语气：appear, seem, it is likely that,二.词汇和常用表达结构1.图表所示、发现、揭示等as illustrated(seen, shown, observed) in Fig.1, as is evident fromfrom Fig.2, from the results,by observing Fig.2, based on the above analysis,Fig shows that, the results show,It is (can be) revealed (proved, suggested, observed, found, concluded, noticed, seen, believed) that, it is clear to see/observe that, it indicates(shows, imply) that, find out，it is evident that , it is assumed that ,As described below, as seen from, as explained above, as evident from, exhibitit follows that 由此断定…，由此得出结论…point outcast doubt on：对产生疑心2.得到、获得、obtain, get, attain, capture, acquire, achieve, gain,完成，实现: complete, accomplish, realize,通过什么方式去做，利用/使用through/via/by/with doing sth, using sth,by use of, by means of, make use of, with the aid ofuse, employ, utilize, adopt, put to use, put into use, apply,影响Affect, influence, impact on, have an effect on,发生，开始，occur, take place, happen, commence, begin, start, to start with, to begin with, at the beginning,显然、明显，Obviously, distinctly, clearly, significantly, apparently, remarkable, as seen, conspicuous,striking, dramatically解释，说明，考虑Explain, account for, allow for，take account for/of, be indicative of (说明，说明)Considering, take into account, with/without/in consideration of, regarding, concerning,描述、提出、说明：Illustrate, manifest, present, show, indicate, cite, describe, summarize, depict, annotate, appear, take on, plot, demonstrate, propose, put forward, put forth,比拟大小、多少Less than, greater, more, larger, comparable(可比拟的，相当的)经验的Empirical, experimental,做，执行等，Carry out, conduct, perform, do, implement,Have a good agreement, in good agreement with, match very well with, agree well with, show good agreement, in full agreement with, in line withcorresponding to/with, consistent with, in good accordance with, coincide with, concord with, fit well with研究，调查Study, investigate, explore, exploratory examine, make an investigation on/of/into, carry out a research到达，To reach this objectiveReach, approach, up to, add up to, come to, arrive, beyond, out of reach,验证，假设Validate, verify, justify，hypothesizeAssume, suppose, assumption, hypothesis,assume to be, it is assumed that… postulate 公设增加、上升、减少、下降Increase, decrease, reduce, reduce to, increase by(增加了多少), increase up to(增加到), rise to, give rise to, sth arise, increase with (随…增长/增加)完全地，根本地，详细地，具体地，深入的,类似地，Completely, entirely, adequately, mostly, extremely, truly, indeed, really, actually, mainly, primarily, detailed, in detail, in great detail, in more detail, for more details,Deeper, deeply, better, in depth,similarly, inadequately, notably, overly(过度地、极度地),Experimentally,改善、提高：improve, promote, boost, enhance, facilitate,相关，包括，大约大概：concerned with, relate to, with regard to,Be involved in/with, with respect to, be concerned with, as for,Around, about, approximately,决定：determine, decide, depend on ,rely on目的、试图：an attempt to, aim at, in an attempt to, the objective is, in order to, the aim of is tothe aim of this research is to do the purpose is , be aimed at,经历，保持: hold, keep, undergo, experience, remain, retain,导致：cause, induce, lead to, result in, originate from, arise from,根据，基于：according to, in terms of, in the light of, judge by, on the basis of, in view of, based on,On behalf of, in the form of, referring to, with reference to, in reference to除了：other than, apart from, with the exception of, except for/that, besides, in addition, additionally,理论上，事实上：in principle, in practice, in fact, in reality, in theory, theoretically,从某种程度上：To some extent, to a large/certain extent, in a way, in a sense, to some degree, in some sense,from the viewpoints of , from the perspective of,得出结论：draw a conclusion, come to/reach a conclusion,推断,猜想：Infer，derive from, deduce, speculate,认为，当作Consider as, regard as, refer to as,建立模型establish, create，build，run/do the simulationin the case of : 在…情况下遵循趋势：obey, follow trend, tendency，组成consist of , contain, be composed of, include,强调：highlight, emphasize, lay emphasis on , the emphasis is layed on集中：focus on, concentrate on , be centered on设定为to set to be区分、区分：discern，differentiate，identify as,其他专业词汇表达small batch production, small quantity production, high volume production, mass production,metal-formed product, micro-formed part,reproducibility: 再现性、重复性experimental determination,in particular, especially,评估，评价：evaluate, assess,扮作：act as,别离，隔绝，separate from, isolate, set apart from缺少：in the absence ofby convention：按照传统，惯例，使成为：make sth sthno longer〔不再〕but rather(相反的)be typical of (典型的)成反比：inversely scale with涉及，牵涉到：involve, cover,拓展：extend into最近，新近more recently，到目前为止，迄今to date,解释、提示原因或结果的转接词：attribute to, because, as a result of, therefore, thereby, in general, consequently, as predicted, in conclusion, since, as for, finally, hence, thus, as, for, due to, in summary, because of, when, cause, on account of, result in, owing to, contribute to, thanks to, lead to, the reason is, that is because, devoted to, accordingly, as a consequence of, arise from起逻辑演进作用的转接词：递进关系，不但…而且…等Furthermore, in addition, besides, first, second, third, finally, lastly, moreover, incidentally, in fact, in truth, as a matter of fact, for example, such as, next, then, for instance, take an instance of , likewise/as such(同样), again〔此外〕, at root, as well as, as follows, in the following, below, based on, above, above-mentioned, aforementioned, as with(正如，与一样，就来说)，as noted(正如前面所提到的)，additionally, in parallel,as stated( 如上所述)meanwhile：同时比照词，表示逻辑演进方向即将改变如但是等But, however, instead, nevertheless, despite, surprisingly, in spite of, nonetheless, in/by contrast to/with , for comparison, whereas, while, even though, although, compared with, regardless of, as compared to, with regard to, in relation to, by contrast, irrespective of, in comparison to与联系，联合：in association with同时，同样的，at the same time, in the same way, in the same time对应关系A vs.B versus三.英文研究论文中的表达句子substitute equation (1) into equation (2)把代入等式The scale in Fig (a) runs from black for low values to white for the highest Schmid factors.offers more insight into,holds for all three materials，四.英文科技论文中的语言技巧，不可不看a)如何指出当前研究的缺乏以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性通常在表达了前人成果之后，用However来引导缺乏，比方However, little information..little attention...little work...little datalittle researchor few studiesfew investigations...few researchers...few attempts...or nonone of these studieshas (have) been lessdone on ...focused onattempted toconductedinvestigatedstudied(with respect to)Previous research (studies, records) has (have)failed to considerignoredmisinterpretedneglected tooverestimated, underestimatedmisleadedthus, these previous results areinconclusive, misleading, unsatisfactory, questionable, controversial.. Uncertainties (discrepancies) still exist ...这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。
科技论文写作常用句型
科技论文写作常用句型1.摘要（1）文章内容与作者观点•常用词：deal with ,describe ,explain ,illustrate(vt) ,introduce ,present ,report等。
•例句：The basic concepts and data collected are presented.给出了基本概念和所采集的数据。
（2）文章研究课题：•常用词: analyze(vt),consider ,develop ,discuss ,investigate(调查研究) ,state ,study等。
•例句:The relationship between mass(质量) and energy in nature is discussed briefly.简要地讨论自然界中质量与能量的关系。
（3）文章涉及范围•常用词：consist of ,contain ,cover ,include 等。
•例句：This article consists of four parts : introduction，theory ,experimental method ,and conclusion.本文由引言、理论、实践方法与结论四部分组成。
（4）综述某一个领域的研究课题。
•常用词：abstract ,outline ,review ,summarize 等。
•例句: The theory based on materials science is summarized briefly.简单概述了基于材料科学的理论。
（5）文章重点：•常用句型： Attention i s concentrated on …T here is a focus on …A ttention is paid to …T he emphasis is on …•例句：Attention is concentrated on grasping the quantum theory.重点在掌握量子理论上。
英语科技论文写作的常用句式
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英语科技论文写作的常用句式
导读：导语：英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需
的技能。
那么它的写作句式都有哪些？以下是小编为大家搜集的文章，欢迎大家阅读与借鉴！
研究现状模块的常用句式研究现状模块，主要阐述其他学者、也包括作者本人与论文要探讨的问题或现象相关的研究工作，通常先“总”后“分”地陈述。
研究现状这部分的目的是引出存在的问题。
“总述”常用一个句子概括相关的研究工作，一般用现在完成时：
(1)用主动语态时，常用researcher／author／investigator／writer等作主语，如：Many／Several／A number of／Few researchers have studied／investigated／examined／explored
／reported on／discussed／considered+研究主题．
(2)用被动语态时，常用study／research／investigation／experiment／work／attention等作主语。
如果描述“研究主题”的单词少，那么“研究主题”可置于句中，如：Many studies／researches ／investigationes／experimentes on+研究主题+have been performed／done／published．当描述“研究主题”的单词较多时，可置于句末，如：Mucebody for the analysis of+论文将要研究的
主题．
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科技英语写作句型和词汇
科技论文写作的法宝主编：汪程鹏日期：二〇一〇年四月十五日科技论文写作目录第一章：科技写作语言 (3)chapter0 (5)chapter1 (6)chapter2 (7)chapter3 (9)chapter4 (13)chapter5 (14)chapter6 (15)第二章自我总结词汇 (18)方法： (18)动词： (19)形容词： (20)介词： (20)比较词： (21)名词： (21)功能词汇： (22)图表： (22)句型： (23)容易混淆用的词汇： (24)第三章常见写作句型 (27)Information: (27)knowledge ： (28)problem : (30)Study: (32)Work: (35)Method: (36)Experiment: (38)Theory: (39)假说： (43)假设： (45)Evidence: (46)data : (47)第四章科技英语论文写作 (58)名词性短语替代： (60)使语义连贯： (64)第一章：科技写作语言in line with: 符合prone to：倾于...Beginningl In this paper, we focus on the need forl This paper proceeds as follow.l The structure of the paper is as follows.l In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related conceptsl To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroductionl This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.l Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.l In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non-fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Reviewl This review is followed by an introduction.l A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.l In the next section a brief view of the .... is given.l In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...l Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.l Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Bodyl Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.l Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision-making logic.l Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxxl Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural languag e understanding.l Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time-window l Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...l Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ..and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.l Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.l Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.l Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formu lation of human decision.l Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rulesl The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.l Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.l Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set-based approach to cost variance investigation.l Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.l Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.l Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.l Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data. l Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..l Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.l Section 6 illustrate the model with an example.l Various ways of fuzzification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.l In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole modelof human DM systeml In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.l In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order-dense.l In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical studycurrently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.l In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Sectionl In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP isdesigned are described.l We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations whichare necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Sectionl The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.l However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.l The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.l We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.l The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summaryl This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.l Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.l Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.l Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.l Finally, conclusions and future work are summarizedl The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.l Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstractl A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.l This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.l This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.l The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.l The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.l The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithms.l The usefulness of xx is also considered.l A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.l The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.l A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.l A lgorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.l The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.l Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.l This paper analyses problems inl This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...l This paper includes an illustration of the ...l This paper provides an overview and information useful for approachingl Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.l The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xxl Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.l The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of : xx,xxl The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.l A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTimel Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitivel Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial worldl The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on thel The development of ... is exploredl During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions,l The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent yearsl There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent o f ...l A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...l A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.l At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xxl A lthough a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.l The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].l To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purposel The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:l The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non-experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer-aided instruction for xxx.l The paper concerns the development of a xxl The scope of this research lies inl The main theme of the paper is the application of rule-based decision making.l These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...l The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:l The primary purpose/consideration/objective ofl The ultimate goal of this concept is to providel The main objective of such a ... system is tol The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.l In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:l In order to take advantage of their similarityl more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completedl In this trial, the objective is to generate...l for the sake of concentrating on ... research issuesl A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx. l For an illustrative purpose, four well-known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx. l A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methodsl This illustration points out the need to specifyl The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.l Chapter 2. Literature Reviewl A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xxl A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decadel A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.l There is considerable amount of literature on planningl However, these studies do not provide much attention to undertainty in xx.l Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well inmethodological aspects as in concrete applications.l Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.l Problem of xx draw recently more and more attention of system analysis.l Attempts to resolve thi s dilemma have resulted in the development ofl Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.l Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.l The central issue in all these studies is tol The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.l Applied ... techniques tol Characterized the ... system asl Developed an algorithm tol Developed a system called ... whichl Uses an iterative algorithm to deducel Emphasized the need tol Identifies six key issues surrounding high technologyl A comprehensive study of the .. has been undertakenl Much work has been reported recently in these filedl Proposedl Presentedl State thatl Point out that the problem ofl Describedl Illustratedl Indicatedl Has shown / showedl Addressl Highlightsl A study on ...was done / developed by []l Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only withl The approach taken by [] isl The system developed by [] consistsl A paper relevant to this research was published by []l []'s model requires consideration of ..l []' model draws attention to evolution in human developmentl []'s model focuses on...l Little research has been conducted in applying ... tol The published information that is relevant to this research...l This study further shows thatl Their work is based on the principle ofl More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].l Studies have been completed to establishedl The ...studies indicated thatl Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Questionl unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.l Remedy / solve / alleviate these problemsl ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolvedl Two major problems have yet to be addressedl An unanswered questionl This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.l An additional research issue to be tackled is ....l Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussedl The three prime issues can be summarized:l The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...l There have been many attempts tol It is expected to be serious barrier tol It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex problem.l There are several ways to get around this problem.l As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new.l The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation.l A xx problem can trace its roots to xx.l xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the problem.l Several problems are associated with them.l A lthough some progress has been made in this area, at least two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized.l Most problems in practice are complicatedl More problem surface here.l Hamper effort toward a xx systeml In order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the statistical analysis of a sample population of xxl The above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempting to developl This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership function determination.l However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empirical problems.l It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological framework to real-world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problems of xx and xx.Chapter 3. Proposed methodologyAssumptionl in the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied.l We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state-dependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from the problem's nature.l An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of the experiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress.l Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which the expert is indifferent.l Main simplifying assumptions are:l This, in our view, is a questionable assumption.Outline / Structure / Modulel An outline of the researchl Information is incorporated within the schemel Is built into ... structurel A nice modular structure.l The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteriaClassificationl A xx system comprises three main components:l Must decompose the original .. into a set of ..l Consists of the following steps:l This is summarized in the following steps:l Can be broadly classified into the following areas:l Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing thel Can allow further breadth of application of ...into morel The following steps should be followedl xx can be classified by a different ways.l Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following:l This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing.Systeml Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal with problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer.l The system consists of both ... and ...l The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three levels.l expert system domains are area of expertisel To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered:l The system has been developed / designed to determinel The system has proven to be able tol The domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domainl The system comprises a ... withl The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... techniquel The system environment must be relatively stablel The system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ...l The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stage and xx stage.l The most essential part of .. system is the ...l The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in the development ofl An automated system was developed forl In this case, the system can be considered to be generative.l An interactive automatic ... systeml A .. is co mmonly thought of as a truly integrated .. systeml Should be capable of being generated from a ... systeml xx is an important part of the integrated system.l The model consists of four rule bases, each of which addresses a separate problem in the hierarchy of scheduling decision.l The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin-like manner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of the next rule base.l The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule.Computer Systeml The system has been implemented using Prolog language in an MS-DOS environment. Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The current version of the xx program when compiled with WATFOR77 results in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical run time, when run on aXX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem.l Time consuming procedures have been implemented in C-language and directly linked to the Prolog environment.l The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximately 180 seconds.l It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co-processor.l The computer programs used for the analyses, one based on the xx method and the other based on the new method, were written in FOR TRAN with a compiler that supports the math co-processor.l Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development time.l Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the computer.l An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this studyl Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitations.l While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the computation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min.l This combination is being implemented in an objected-oriented programming environment (Smalltalk-80 system) to solve problems encountered in construction xxx.Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formula / Techniquel A discussion is presented of a problem-solving systeml To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied.l In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of thel A lthough large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally accepted l This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report.l This can be accomplished byl This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows:l The above preliminary analysis has provided important informationl V arious methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...l These concepts have been applied tol On the basis of the concept mentioned above,l This can be achieved byl This fact suggests that a new conceptl This was accomplished by taking ...l The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.l Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibilityl There is little hope of achieving successful ...l There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made h ave not taken this approach, with the exception ofl Only a few studies can be found.l It is a very tedious process to go throughl It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effectedl The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.l These approaches are sometimes very tedious.l Several techniques can be usedl A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]:l A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.l A xx model represents an xx by its xx.l A process decision model captures the logic essential tol From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ...l The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.l Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...l Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.l A number of heuristic rules have been developed forl Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so thatl An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determinel Euler's formula states the following:l The completed model should agree with the formula.l For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessaryl Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore,l To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough tobe useful.Point of Viewl from an implementation standpoint,l From the point of view of this application,l From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short).l Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data in order toallow one to make decisions.l From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.l The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM p.129]Justificationl We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wide acceptance and canl Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate.l This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since it is natural and easy to implement.l A function definition expresses the membership function of a fuzzy set in a functional form, typically a bell-shaped function, etc. Such functions are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic.l It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis.l Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based on the knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if-the" rule.Chapter 4. ExamplesExample/ Datal The data used in the following example was taken from an experiment in which xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique.l The data consists of over xx measurements.l An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xx are compared with a xxl Examples of complex processes to which this technique may be applied are xx, xx, etc.l The following example is constructed only for the purpose of illustrating the computational procedure discussed.l This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of an individual xx, or a very s mall group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically, can be meaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods.l There is no space here to go into detail on all these methods, but deserve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for those wishing this level of detail.l Note that the golf ball spotting example is used throughout the paper.Comparisonsl As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view will be discussed.l The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more suitablel As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],Relationl We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping.l The relationships appear very complicatel Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and the human operator's characteristics.l These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ...l The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships.l This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.l The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product.Importancel The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision making.Consideration / Attentionl Careful evaluation is necessary to ensurel Such a formulation does not change further considerations.l Considerable attention has been paid tol Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation.l Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...l Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodatedl After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determinel A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the appropriate decision.l It should be noted thatl It is important to point out that ...l These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ...l We should stress the fundamental importance of the xxChapter 5. Results.Advantages / Disadvantagel One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the experimental study ofl One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it.l The xx system is versatilel It has a very fast decision making process。
科技英语写作中的常用句式
二、“限定范围”的句式
限定主题范围的句式用语，在英文科学论文 中常出现在“引言”和“讨论”中。
限定主题范围时的常用表达有：“该问题是 关于……的研究”，“该问题在……范围之 内（外）”，“该问题涉及到……范围”， “该问题可进一步推广到……范围”等等。
aspects of the following…
（3）该项工作的主要目的是…
① The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of …
② The main purpose of our recent work was to examine the properties of…
③ The major object of their further work will be research into the nature of…
④ Our work in this direction has been intended to provide some information about…
reveal…
（5）该项实验主要是为了
① We made these experiments in order to show a correlation between…
② The author attempted the set of experiment with a view to demonstrate certain phenomena…
掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的 英语表达。
英文科技论文写作常用句式
Abstract:1、Introduction (Motivation/ purpose/goal/aim/objective/importance) (present tense)1）The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of steady-state scale-up for small-scale sedimentary structures.2）An important objective of these well-constrained experiments is to evaluate current theoretical models of PGE solubility.2、Scope/perspective (past/present tense)1）This study examined fecal coliform reduction in domestic wastewater after receiving treatment through a constructed open water wetland, a slow sand filter, and a portable ultraviolet disinfection unit.2）The scope of this study was to compare the behavior and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during soil-aquifer treatment at different field sites in Arizona and California.3、method/procedure/approach (past tense)1）In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients. 2）It involved recycling a small portion of the primary sludge and then activating it to enhance its biosorptive and flocculent properties through 30-min aeration. The aerated sludge was then brought into contact with raw sewage to induce rapid biosorption of soluble COD and flocculation of colloidal organic before the mixture was settled in a regular primary clarifier.4、Results/findings/products (past tense)e.g. Three granitoid magmatic events were identified at 815 Ma, 700-730Ma, and 620-625Ma, which were marked by emplacement of the calc-alkaline Ujjukka granite and granodiorite, the anatectic Suqii-Wagga two-mica granite and the Guttin K-feldspar megacrystic granite, and the anorogenic Ganjii monzogranite, respectively.5、Discussion/Conclusions (present/past tense)e.g. The results showed that under traction free conditions subsidence was a three-dimensional problem and one-dimensional subsidence models tended to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models was exacerbated as the grid size becamesmaller in the vicinity of the pumping well. This was due to increased calculated drawdown in the vicinity of the well for more finely-spaced grids.6、Implications/applications (present tense)e.g. Our experimental results are directly applicable to porphyrycopper systems because in such systems temperature, PH, salinity and oxygen fugacity are similar to the experimental parameters. Application of our experimental results indicate that a typical porphyry systems can transport at least 40 tons of Pd if sources of platinum group elements (PGE) are available and the solubility-controlling phase is metallic Pd.7、limitations and suggestions for further studies (past/present tense for limitations, present/future tense for suggestions)e.g. 1) This study suggests that in order to achieve the highesttreatment level of secondary unchlorinated wastewater, acombination of aquatic ponds and subsurface flowwetlands may be necessary.2) In general, source water quality, drinking water andwastewater treatment should be viewed as one system in indirect potable re-use projects.3) However, because constructed wetlands, besides the waterquality improvement function, perform a multitude of other functions such as biodiversity, habitat, climatic, hydrological and public use functions, methodologies need to be developed to evaluate these functions and to weigh them in relation to the water quality issue.Structure of an Abstract：1、The first sentence in the Abstract:♦The purpose of this research is…♦The primary goal of this research is…♦The intention of this paper is to survey…♦The overall objective of thi s study is…♦The chief aim of the present work is to investigate…♦The purpose of this paper is to explain why…♦The primary object of this fundamental research is to reveal…♦The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain…♦The experiment made here is aimed at …♦The emphasis of this study lies in…♦The problem we have outlined here deals largely with the study of…♦This study examined…. (past tense)2、The next sentences：♦The method used in the study was…♦The technique applied is referred to as…♦The procedure was as follows…♦The approach adopted extensively is called…♦The experiment consisted of three steps:…♦Included in the experiment were…♦The test equipment which was used consisted of…♦Several sets of experiments were carried out to test the validity of…♦This formula is verified by…3、The ending part of an abstract：♦The results of the experiment indicated that …♦The studies showed that…♦The studies we carried out demonstrated that…♦The research suggested that…♦The investigation carried out by… revealed that…♦All the preliminary results threw light on …♦As a result of our experiments, we concluded that…♦From the experiments, we realized that…♦This fruitful work provided explanation to …♦The research work brought about a discovery of…♦These findings of the research led the author to the conclusion that…4、The last sentences:♦…should be further studied in relation to ...♦…should do…♦Further research into…is necessary.♦Further study should be made in relation to…♦Further investigation into…is needed.Introduction：Step 1: the nature and scope of the problem investigated. interest or importance, many other investigators active in the area.♦Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to…♦In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly in terested in…♦Recently, there has been wide interest in…♦The well-known…phenomena…have been favorite topics for analysis both in…♦Knowledge of …has a great importance for…♦The study of …has become an important aspect of…♦The effect of …has been studied exte nsively in recent years.♦Many investigators have recently turned to…♦The relationship between …has been studied by many authors.♦ A central issue in…is the validity of…Step 2: making a topic generalization.statements about knowledge or practice:♦The pathology of… is well known.♦There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that…♦The …properties of …are still not completely understood.♦ A standard procedure for assessing has been…♦Education core courses are often criticized for…phenomena:♦…is a common finding in patients with…♦An elaborate system of…is found in the …♦English is rich in related words exhibiting “stress shifts”.♦There are many situations where examination scripts are marked and then re-marked by another examiner.Step3:Discuss the relevant primary research literature (with citations) and summarizing our current understanding of the problem you are investigating.Examples of integral citation forms（直接引用方式）:♦Halliday (2008) showed that the moon is …..♦Halliday’s theory (2008) claim s that …...♦Halliday’s (2008) theory of lunar composition has general support.♦According to Halliday (2008), the moon is…...Examples of indirect citation forms（间接引用方式）:♦Previous research has shown that the moon is …..(Brie, 1988).♦It has been shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦It has been established that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon is probably made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon may be made of cheese (cf. Rock, 1989).Step4:Indicate a gap.♦No research has been don e on …♦Little effort has been spent on the study of…♦(Very) few researchers have investigated…♦The nature of…is overlooked.♦Researchers have failed to notice that…♦The result is misleading/questionable/inconclusive/limited.♦The result of…has several limita tions.♦The research can rarely cover…Step5: State the purpose♦The purpose of this study was to....♦We investigated three possible mechanisms to explain the ...(1) …….(2) …….♦This paper reports on the results obtained…♦The aim of the present paper is to give…♦The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to…♦This study was designed to evaluate…♦This paper aims to report the interaction of…Step6: rationale and approachFor example: State briefly how you approached the problem (e.g., you studied oxidative respiration pathways in isolated mitochondria of cauliflower). This will usually follow your statement of purpose in the last paragraph of the Introduction. Step7: the arrangement of the writing at the end of the Introduction.●This paper is divided into five major sections: Section one opens with…. Section two presents…Section three deals with… Section Four reveals…Section five concludes the paper.●We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way…●This paper is structured as follow s…●The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections. Section II describes…Materials and Methods1.… (method) was used to do….2.The study used/made use of/employed the method that….3.描述方法过程的连接词：and/and then/then/next/the next step/before that/after that.Conclusion or Discussion：•Based on the above discussion, the following conclusion can be made that …•From .., it can be concluded that…•In conclusion, the result shows that…•These findings of the research led to the conclusion that..•To sum up, t he research/this study reveals that…•In summary, the result of the experiment demonstrates that…•As a result of our experiments we concluded that…The results：•The data of the experiment are briefly summarized as follows.•Figure 4 shows the results of the study.•Table 6 presents the data obtained in the experiment.•This table summarizes the data collected in this study.•The findings of this study are summarized/listed in Table 7.•The outcome of the experiment is reported in the following table.ABSTRACTProcessing AIT logging information can get more accurate layer real resistivity and mud invasion depth and section. AIT results help to differentiate layer infiltration ability and fluid type, the calculation of mud invasion depth can instruct the level of oil reservoir to be polluted by well drilling directly and offer reference basis for the following work. The development of AIT offers new method to differentiate oil reservoir mud invade and thin layer and means and condition for establishing the explainable method of complex oil reservoir and raising the appraisement precision. This paper studied AIT principle and explainable method as well ascontrast aspect with conventional induction resistivity. This paper presents some application examples of Huabei oilfield logging series optimization technology.Subject Terms：AIT logging contrast the method based of radial resistive rateInvasion thin layer apply1. 油集团从油田勘探开发的瓶颈问题入手，研究出一套较高勘探程度富油气凹陷的精细勘探方法，提出并实践了适合该区地质特点的勘探开发一体化地质研究与管理模式。
科技英语写作常用句型4-10
科技英语写作中的一些常用句型2. “因此, ….”•Thus, ...•Hence , ...•Therefore , ...•Consequently , ...•As a result , ...•It follows that , ...•~so that ...•~such that ...3. “现有的……”•…available•…we have [process]•the existing…•the current…•4. 所产生的电流……•The resultant current…•The resulting current…•The current which results...5. 有证据表明……•There is evident that …（常用）•There is evidence to show [indicate, suggest] that 6. 该理论认为……•The theory holds [maintains, claims, implies] that 7. 有……•There is [are]…•…is [are] available•We have [possess, are in possession of] …•There is (are) available...8. 在下面，……•In what follows, …•In what is to follow,…•In the following, ….9. A 随B的变化曲线图•the graph [plot] of A as a function of B •the graph [plot] of A versus [against] B •the graph [plot] of the dependence of A on [upon] B•the graph [plot] of the variation of A with B10. 这理论来源于……•The theory comes [stems,emerges, originates] from…•The theory is obtained [provided, furnished] from16. 输入可用r(t)=sin(t)表示•The input can be represented [expressed, given, denoted] by r(t)=sin(t)17. 毫无疑问……•There is no doubt that…•There is no question that…•Beyond doubt [question], ….•Without doubt [question], …•No [Out of] doubt, …18. 这方法的突出优点之一在于它很简单•One of the greatest advantages of this method is its great simplicity[或：…is that it is very simple].•Among the greatest advantage of this method is its great simplicity.19. 这一方面与现有的方法相比有很多优点•This method has many advantages over those available [或over the existing ones.]•This method is advantageous in many respects (as) compared with available [或with the existing ones.]。
科技英语作文短语句子摘抄
When it comes to writing an essay on technology in English, its important to have a rich vocabulary and a variety of sentence structures to make your writing more engaging and persuasive. Here are some useful phrases and sentences that you might find helpful for your technologythemed essay:1. Innovations in Technology: The rapid pace of technological innovation has revolutionized the way we live and work.2. Impact on Society: Technology has a profound impact on society, shaping our daily interactions and the way we access information.3. Digital Divide: Despite the benefits, the digital divide remains a significant challenge, with unequal access to technology affecting educational and economic opportunities.4. Technological Advancements: Technological advancements have paved the way for new industries and transformed existing ones, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.5. Artificial Intelligence: The rise of artificial intelligence is a testament to human ingenuity, offering solutions to complex problems and enhancing our understanding of the world.6. Cybersecurity Concerns: As we become more reliant on technology, cybersecurity concerns become increasingly pertinent, necessitating robust measures to protect sensitive data.7. Evolution of Communication: The evolution of communication through technology has been nothing short of remarkable, with instant messaging and social media connecting people across the globe.8. Environmental Impact: While technology offers numerous benefits, it is also crucial to consider its environmental impact, including electronic waste and energy consumption.9. Future of Work: The future of work is being reshaped by technology, with automation and remote work becoming more prevalent in various industries.10. Educational Transformation: Technology has transformed education, providing access to a wealth of knowledge and enabling personalized learning experiences.11. Healthcare Improvements: Advancements in medical technology have led to improved diagnostics, treatments, and overall patient care.12. Ecommerce Growth: The growth of ecommerce has been facilitated by technology, offering consumers convenience and a wider range of products.13. Smart Cities: The concept of smart cities, underpinned by technology, aims to create more efficient, sustainable, and livable urban environments.14. Virtual Reality: Virtual reality offers immersive experiences, blurring the lines between the digital and physical worlds and opening up new possibilities for entertainment and training.15. Blockchain Technology: Blockchain technology has the potential to disrupt traditional systems by providing secure, transparent, and decentralized solutions.16. Internet of Things IoT: The Internet of Things connects everyday devices, creating a network that can collect and exchange data, enhancing our ability to monitor and control our environment.17. Agricultural Technology: Agricultural technology is improving crop yields and reducing waste, helping to address global food security challenges.18. Space Exploration: Advancements in space technology have opened up new frontiers for exploration, inspiring a new generation of scientists and engineers.19. Ethical Considerations: As technology continues to advance, ethical considerations become increasingly important, ensuring that developments are used responsibly and for the greater good.20. Technological Integration: The successful integration of technology into our lives requires a balance between innovation and the preservation of our social and cultural values.Using these phrases and sentences can help you construct a compelling and wellrounded essay on technology. Remember to adapt them to fit the context of your specific topic and to support your arguments effectively.。
英语科技论文常用句型结构-new
英语科技论文常用句型结构-new英语科技论文常用句型结构-new英语科技论文常用句型结构1. Introduction(引言):引言中作者通常提出问题并说明论文的研究目的。
1）研究目的（1）论文导向使用paper, thesis或dissertation这样的特征名词，直接提及研究论文本身，而且此类句子通常采用一般现在时态。
常用的句型有：The purpose of this paper is…/The aim of this report is…/The objective of the paper is to obtain quantitative about the particles size distribution/to model the dynamic behavior in the super-or near-critical CO2 extraction.（2）研究导向study, research, investigation或experiment等特征名词被用来强调研究活动本身。
这类句子是表达已经过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态。
The purpose of the experiment reported here was…/The aim of this study was…/The objective of this research was to determine the preferred viewing distance for work at a visual display unit./to examine the apparent osmotic behavior of some contemporary commercial reverse osmosis membranes.或用被动结构：In the research described here, /In this study, /In the present investigation, /In this research, /In the experimentsreported here, vertical nutrient mixing in late summer in a test area 20 kilometers off the coast was examined.描述研究目的时，最简单的句型是用this paper, this study, this project, this research等词做主语，后面用实意动词作谓语，如investigate, discuss, examine, test等，宾语为研究内容。
科技英语写作中的常用写作句型归纳与总结
科技英语写作常用写作句型归纳与总结1、对……作一分析/研究/比较make an analysis of …make a study of …make a comparison of A with/and Bmake a comparison between A and B2、对……作一介绍/描述/解释give an introduction to …give a description of …give an explanation of …3、对……的研究/分析/比较表明……A study of … shows that…An analysis of … shows that…4、我们必须……It is necessary for us to do…We must do…5、我们能够……It is possible for us to do…We can do…We are able to do…We are capable of doing…We are in a position to do…6、值得注意的是……It is worth noting that…What is worth noting is that…7、必须解这个方程把未知数求出来。
It is necessary to solve the equation for the unknown.8、直接应用这个定律我们就可以得到……Direct application of this law yields/gives/produces/results in/leads to…By direct application of this law we obtain/have/get…9、可取的/恰当的做法是……It is well/proper/appropriate to do…10、我们想要……We wish to do…One wishes to do…It is desired to do…11、本书已经出版三年了。
英文科技论文写作常用句型
英文科技论文写作常用句型1. Introduction- In recent years, there has been a growing interest in...- This paper aims to...- With the advancement of technology, there is an increasing need for...- The purpose of this study is to...- The significance of this research lies in...2. Background- Previous studies have shown that...- It is well established that...- The literature suggests that...- Recently, there have been several developments in...13. Objectives- The main objective of this research is to...- Our primary goal is to...- The specific objectives of this study include...4. Methodology- This study employed a quantitative/qualitative research method. - Data were collected through surveys/interviews/observations.- A random sample was selected/Participants were recruited from... - The data analysis involved...5. Results- The findings of this study indicate that...- The results reveal that...- It was observed that...2- The data show a significant correlation between...6. Discussion- The results of this study are consistent with previous research. - These findings suggest that...- The implications of these results are...- It is worth noting that...- Further research is needed to...7. Conclusion- In conclusion,...- This study contributes to the understanding of...- These findings have important implications for...- The results of this research can be applied to...- Future research should focus on...38. Limitations- One limitation of this study is...- It is important to acknowledge the limitations of this research. - The sample size was relatively small, which may limit generalizability.- The study was conducted in a specific context, which may limit the applicability of the findings.9. Recommendations- Based on the findings, it is recommended that...- Future research should consider...- In light of these results, it is suggested that...- It would be beneficial to...410. Future directions- Future research should explore...- It would be interesting to investigate...- This study opens up avenues for future research on... - Further investigation is needed to establish...5。
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科技英语写作常用写作句型归纳与总结1、对……作一分析/研究/比较make an analysis of …make a study of …make a comparison of A with/and Bmake a comparison between A and B2、对……作一介绍/描述/解释give an introduction to …give a description of …give an explanation of …3、对……的研究/分析/比较表明……A study of … shows that…An analysis of … shows that…4、我们必须……It is necessary for us to do…We must do…5、我们能够……It is possible for us to do…We can do…We are able to do…We are capable of doing…We are in a position to do…6、值得注意的是……It is worth noting that…What is worth noting is that…7、必须解这个方程把未知数求出来。
It is necessary to solve the equation for the unknown.8、直接应用这个定律我们就可以得到……Direct application of this law yields/gives/produces/results in/leads to…By direct application of this law we obtain/have/get…9、可取的/恰当的做法是……It is well/proper/appropriate to do…10、我们想要……We wish to do…One wishes to do…It is desired to do…11、本书已经出版三年了。
It is/has been three years since this book was published.This book was published three years ago.12、已知……，我们就能求出……Given…, we can find out…Knowing…, we can find out…13、现有的数据the data availablethe data we have/possessthe existing datathe current data14、该理论认为……The theory holds/maintains/claims/implies that…15、所产生/得到的方程the resulting equationthe resultant equationthe equation which results16、因此，……So, …Thus, …Therefore, …Hence, …As a result, …It follows that……so that……such that…17、有证据表明……There is evidence that…There is evidence to show/indicate/suggest that…18、（存在）有……There is/are……is/are available/present,There is/are present/available…19、显然……It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent/transparent that…Clearly/Obviously/Evidently/Apparently/Transparently, ……is/are in evidence,20、要是没有……But for…Were it not for…If there were no…Without…21、下面，……In what follows, …In what is to follow, …In the following, …22、我们具有……We have/possess/are in possession of…23、A随B变化的曲线图the graph/plot of A as a function of BA versus/against Bthe dependence of A on Bthe variation of A with B24、本章论述了……This chapter deals with…treats…describes…discusses…involves…covers…concerns…bears on…This chapter is devoted to…concerned with…confined to…25、这个理论来源于……The theory comes/stems/emerges/originates from…The theory is obtained/provided/furnished from…26、这一方法与现有的方法相比有许多优点。
This method has many advantages over those available.the existing ones.This method is advantageous in many aspects (as) compared with those available.the existing ones.27、……得到了广泛应用。
…is/are widely used.…is/are in wide use.…is/are widely in use.…find(s) wide use/applications.28、这个参数表明……This parameter is an indication of…This parameter gives an indication of…This parameter is indicative of…This parameter indicates…29、该实验未能说明……The experiment failed to show/demonstrate…The experiment has not shown/demonstrated…30、我们做了许多实验来检验这一理论。
We have performed/done/made/conducted a number of experiment to test/verify/prove/check the theory.31、把M代入N，（我们）得到……Substituting M in/into N, we have/obtain/get…Substituting M in/into N gives/produces/yields/results in/leads to…Substitution of M in/into N gives/produces/yields/results in/leads to…32、与……成正/反比be directly/inversely proportional to…vary directly/inversely with…depend directly/inversely as…be in direct/inverse proportion to…33、所得结果与计算机模拟相吻合。
The result obtained agrees with the computer simulation.is in agreement withis consistent withis in line withfits into34、输入可用下面的等式表示。
The input can be represented by the following equation.expressedgivendenoted35、毫无疑问……There is no doubt/question that…Beyond doubt/question, …Without doubt/question, …No/Out of doubt, …36、这种方法的突出优点之一在于它很简单。
One of / Among the great advantages of this method is its simplicity.One of / Among the great advantages of this method is that it is very simple.37、……保持不变。
…remain(s)/stay(s) constant.unchanged.fixed.unaltered.the same.…is/are kept/held/maintained/left constant/the same.38、这些数据帮助我们得出结论……These data lead us to a conclusion that…conclude that…These data enable us to conclude that…On the basis of these data, one/we can conclude that…From these data, it can be concluded that…39、这个方程适用于……This equation holds forholds true foris true foris valid forapplies to40、这与……没有（几乎没有；有一点；有很多）共同之处。
This has nothing/little/something/much in common with…41、A与B之间的关系可用C表示。
A andB are related by C.A is related toB by C.The relation(ship) between A and B can be given/expressed/denoted/represented by C.42、我们成功地……We have succeeded in doing…been successful in doing…successfully done…43、最好是……It is (most) desirable to do…It is (most) desirable that…It wound be best if…44、前面的例子表明……The previous example shows…precedingforegoing45、（本文）对……作了研究/分析。