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供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、什么是供应链管理?供应链管理是指将不同环节的供应商、生产商、分销商和零售商等各个参与者之间的活动和流程进行协调和整合,以最大程度地提高整个供应链的效率和效益的管理方法。

它涉及到从原材料采购到产品生产、物流运输、库存管理、销售和售后服务等各个环节的协调和优化。

二、供应链管理的重要性供应链管理的重要性体现在以下几个方面:1. 提高效率和降低成本:通过优化供应链各个环节的协调和流程,可以减少物流时间和库存成本,提高生产效率和交付速度,从而降低整体成本。

2. 提高客户满意度:供应链管理可以确保产品按时交付,减少缺货和延迟交货的情况,提高客户满意度和忠诚度。

3. 增加竞争力:通过供应链管理,企业可以更好地应对市场需求的变化,提供更加灵活和个性化的产品和服务,增强竞争力。

4. 优化资源配置:供应链管理可以帮助企业合理配置资源,避免资源浪费和过度投资,提高资源利用效率。

5. 降低风险:通过供应链管理,企业可以更好地应对供应链中的风险,如供应商倒闭、自然灾害等,降低风险对企业的影响。

三、供应链管理的关键要素供应链管理的关键要素包括供应商管理、物流管理、库存管理、生产计划和协调以及信息流管理等。

1. 供应商管理:包括供应商选择、合同管理、供应商绩效评估等,确保供应商能够按时提供符合质量要求的原材料和零部件。

2. 物流管理:包括运输、仓储、配送等环节的协调和管理,确保产品能够按时到达目的地。

3. 库存管理:包括库存的控制、预测和优化等,确保库存水平适当,避免库存过高或过低。

4. 生产计划和协调:包括生产计划的制定、生产进度的监控和协调等,确保生产能够按时完成。

5. 信息流管理:包括信息的收集、传递和分析等,确保信息能够及时准确地在供应链中流动,以支持决策和协调。

四、供应链管理的挑战和解决方案供应链管理面临着一些挑战,如需求不确定性、供应链中的风险、信息不对称等。

为了应对这些挑战,可以采取以下解决方案:1. 加强合作和协作:建立长期稳定的合作关系,加强供应链各个环节之间的沟通和协作,共同应对挑战。

(完整版)供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案

(完整版)供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案

(完整版)供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案Chapter 1Understanding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplyingcomponents needed for manufacturing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network orsupply web.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy4. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy5. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successivestages.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that theprocesses in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard8. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard9. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate10. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processesbased on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy15. All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes –CRM, ISCM and SRM.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. There is a close connection between the design and management of supplychain flows and the success of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyEssay/Problems1. Explain the 3 decision phases (categories) that must be made in a successfulsupply chain.Answer: The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chain strategy (or design), supply chain planningand supply chain operation. Decisions relate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference between categories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a companydetermines what the chain’s configurations will be, how resources will beallocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish thestructure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals withdecisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phasemust work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planningdecisions include which markets to supply from which locations, subcontractingof manufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard答:决策的3阶段发生在一个供应链的供应链战略(或设计),供应链与供应链运作。

供应链管理第6版习题答案

供应链管理第6版习题答案

供应链管理第6版习题答案供应链管理第6版习题答案供应链管理是现代企业管理中的重要一环,它涉及到物流、采购、生产、销售等多个环节,对企业的运营效率和竞争力起着关键作用。

为了帮助学生更好地理解和掌握供应链管理的知识,教材通常会配套习题。

下面将为大家提供供应链管理第6版习题的答案,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

1. 什么是供应链管理?答:供应链管理是指企业通过有效的协调和管理,使得从原材料供应商到最终消费者的整个生产和分销过程能够高效地进行,以满足市场需求并降低成本。

2. 供应链管理的目标是什么?答:供应链管理的目标是通过优化供应链中各个环节的协调和协作,实现供应链的高效运作,提高企业的运营效率和竞争力。

3. 供应链管理的主要挑战有哪些?答:供应链管理面临的主要挑战包括需求不确定性、供应链中各个环节之间的信息不对称、供应链中的风险管理等。

4. 供应链中的关键业务流程有哪些?答:供应链中的关键业务流程包括需求管理、供应管理、生产管理、物流管理和售后服务管理等。

5. 供应链中的物流管理包括哪些内容?答:物流管理包括物流规划、物流网络设计、运输管理、仓储管理和库存管理等。

6. 供应链中的采购管理的关键任务是什么?答:供应链中的采购管理的关键任务包括供应商选择、供应商评估、供应商关系管理和采购合同管理等。

7. 供应链中的生产管理的目标是什么?答:供应链中的生产管理的目标是实现生产计划的准时交付、生产成本的最小化和生产质量的最优化。

8. 供应链中的售后服务管理包括哪些内容?答:售后服务管理包括客户投诉处理、产品退换货管理、产品维修和保养等。

9. 供应链中的风险管理的关键任务是什么?答:供应链中的风险管理的关键任务包括风险识别、风险评估、风险应对和风险监控等。

10. 供应链中的信息技术在哪些方面发挥作用?答:供应链中的信息技术主要在需求预测、库存管理、物流跟踪、供应商协同和客户关系管理等方面发挥作用。

以上是对供应链管理第6版习题的答案的简要介绍。

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、概述供应链管理是现代企业管理的重要组成部分,它涉及到从原材料采购到产品销售的整个流程。

通过对供应链的管理,企业可以实现资源的优化配置,提高生产效率和产品质量,从而增加竞争力和利润。

以下是一些供应链管理课后习题的答案,希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。

二、供应链设计1. 什么是供应链设计?供应链设计是指在满足客户需求的前提下,通过合理的供应链网络设计和流程优化,实现企业资源的最优配置和供应链效率的最大化。

2. 供应链设计的关键要素有哪些?供应链设计的关键要素包括供应链网络结构、物流配送策略、库存管理策略、合作伙伴选择等。

3. 供应链网络结构有哪些类型?常见的供应链网络结构包括集中式供应链、分散式供应链、混合式供应链和虚拟供应链等。

4. 如何选择合适的供应链网络结构?选择合适的供应链网络结构需要考虑产品特性、市场需求、成本效益、风险管理等因素,综合评估不同结构的优缺点,以实现最佳的供应链设计。

三、供应链协调1. 什么是供应链协调?供应链协调是指通过信息共享、合作伙伴关系管理、业务流程优化等手段,实现供应链各环节之间的协同和协作,以提高供应链整体效能。

2. 供应链协调的重要性是什么?供应链协调可以减少信息滞后、降低库存水平、提高交付准确率,从而提高供应链的灵活性、响应速度和客户满意度。

3. 如何实现供应链协调?实现供应链协调需要建立有效的沟通机制、共享信息平台,加强合作伙伴之间的信任和合作,同时优化业务流程和决策机制。

四、供应链风险管理1. 什么是供应链风险管理?供应链风险管理是指通过识别、评估和应对供应链中的各种风险,以保障供应链的稳定运行和业务连续性。

2. 常见的供应链风险有哪些?常见的供应链风险包括市场需求波动、供应商倒闭、物流延误、自然灾害等。

3. 如何进行供应链风险管理?供应链风险管理需要建立风险识别和评估机制,制定相应的风险应对策略,同时建立灵活的供应链网络和备份计划,以应对不同的风险情况。

供应链管理(第5版)课后习题答案

供应链管理(第5版)课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章、供应链管理导论1.供应链的结构特征是什么?将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。

2.何谓供应链管理?简述供应链管理与传统企业管理的区别和联系。

供应链管理就是使以核心企业为中心的供应链运作达到最优化,以最低的成本,另供应链从采购开始,到满足最终用户的所有过程,包括工作流、实物流、信息流、资金流等均高效率运作,把合适的产品,以合理的价格,及时准确的送到消费者手中。

区别:①传统企业的运营思想是生产是为了销售,而供应链企业运营的思想是按订单准时生产、快速响应客户需求②传统企业的管理手段是控制库存、降低库存成本,而供应链管理的手段是供应链企业协同创新、共创价值③传统企业提高生产效率的主要方法是扩大批量、增加规模效应,而供应链企业提高效率的主要方法是提升企业的柔性和敏捷性联系:供应链管理主要是以物流运行作为流程的,是开放性的,传统企业只是供应链管理中的一个环节,是闭环的。

3.供应链管理的关键在于实现企业内部及企业之间资源的集成。

从这个角度,分析互联网在供应链管理中的重要地位。

从管理难度的角度:现在的客户关系管理、企业资源计划等系统使得管理更加容易,尤其是对于一些全球性企业和跨区域企业从效率的角度:通过IT系统,从客户需求到计划、采购、生产、运输等供应链的整个过程更加迅速、高效。

当然也包括上下游企业和核心企业之间的沟通。

从成本的角度:管理难度下降,效率提升,这实际上降低了企业的成本4.电子商务将成为21世纪最主要的商业模式之一,它将对企业传统的业务流程带来巨大变革。

请阐述供应链管理对我国企业成功实施电子商务的重要意义。

基于电子商务的供应链的管理的主要内容涉及订单处理、生产组织、采购管理、运输与配送管理、库存管理、客户服务、支付管理等,供应链管理可促进电子商务的发展,使资源在供应链网络中合理流动,来缩短交货周期、降低库存,并且通过提供自助交易的自助式服务以降低成本,提高速度和精确性,增强企业竞争力。

供应链管理课后习题答案【精选文档】

供应链管理课后习题答案【精选文档】

供应链(SC)第一章1、供应链:生产及流通过程中,设计将产品或服务提供给最终用户的上游和下游企业所形成的网链结构2、供应链特征:复杂性动态性交叉性面向客户需求3 、供应链类型:1)稳定SC的和动态的SC 2)平衡SC的和倾斜的 SC3)有效性SC和反应性SC4、使用环节法分析供应链流程:1)顾客订购环节(顾客抵达,顾客订单递交,顾客订货接收,顾客订单完成) 2)补充库存环节(零售订货的发起,零售订单的递交,零售订单的完成,零售订货的接收)3)生产环节(订单到达,生产安排,生产和运输,订货5、接收)4)原料获取环节5、推拉法分析供应链流程:依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序,供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类:推动流程和拉动流程。

对顾客订单的反应启动拉动流程;对顾客订购预期的反应启动推动流程。

在拉动流程执行过程中,需求是已知的、确定的;而在推动流程执行过程中,需求是未知的,因此必须进行预测。

由于拉动流程是对顾客需求的反应,因而也可以被视为反应性流程;相应地,推动流程可以被视为推测性流程。

供应链上的推/拉边界将推动流程和拉动流程区别开来.在戴尔公司,个人计算机组装线的起点就是推/拉边界。

个人计算机组装前的所有流程是推动流程,而所有组装过程中和此后的所有流程均是对顾客需求的反应,因而是拉动流程。

6 、供应链管理(SCM):利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流,并进行组织、协调与控制。

7 、SCM内涵:1)信息管理 2)客户管理 3)库存管理 4)关系管理 5)风险管理8、 SCM特点:(一)与传统管理方法相比较的特点: 1)以客户为中心2)跨企业的贸易伙伴之间密切合作、共享利益和共担风险 3)集成化管理4)供应链管理是对物流的一体化管理(二)与物流管理相比较的特点1)供应链管理的互动特性2)供应链管理成为物流的高级形态 3 )供应链管理决策的发展 4)供应链管理的协商机制 5)供应链管理强调组织外部一体化6)供应链管理对共同价值的依赖性7)供应链管理是“外源"整合组织 8)供应链管理是一个动态的响应系统9 、SCM的目标: 1)总成本最低化 2)客户服务最优化 3)总库存成本最小化4)总周期最短化5)物流质量最优化第二章1 、建树价值链的九种价值活动分为哪两类,分别包含哪些内容一)基本活动:内部物流生产作业外部物流市场和销售服务二)辅助活动:采购技术开发人力资源管理企业基础设施2 、价值分析的主要内容:1)识别价值活动 2)确定活动类型每种基本和辅助活动由三种类型:直接活动简介活动质量保证3、核心竞争力形成过程:1)锁定目标.考虑自身资源状况和以往的知识储备、行业现状及特点、竞争对手的实力状态及对比情况、关联领域的影响、潜在竞争者及替代者的演变前景,明确自身努力的方向和目标。

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章课后习题答案一、判断题题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10√× √×√√√√√××√页码P4 P5 P7 P9 P9 P11 P20 P8 P23 P25 二、名词解释SCP:分别指市场结构(Structure ),市场行为(Conduct),市场绩效(Performance)。

哈佛学派认为. 市场结构(Structure ),市场行为(Conduct),市场绩效(Performance)之间存在着必然的联系.並建立了SCP分析框架來分析行业与企业的发展情況P5三、简答题1答:分析汽车供应链结构简图:(1)汽车行业全球供应链的形成与发展在激烈的市场竞争中,汽车制造业是一个复杂程度和集成度非常高的行业,汽车制造业需要懂得合作与共享,并且在不同的环节有着不同的侧重点,满足不同客户需求,不断完善汽车产业全球价值链的分工体系,才能在激烈的市场中成为佼佼者。

(2)汽车供应链的利益分配及影响因素“微笑曲线”价值分布汽车供应链中有不同的侧重点,对于整车装配、非关键零部件的生产加工、流通环节等均为低附加值环节;对于产品设计与研发、品牌推广和关键零部件的生产和采购等则划分为高附加值环节,汽车企业应重视“微笑曲线”所带来的价值,针对不同的区域有不同的侧重点,有利于节省成本,提高质量。

特征:多种生产策略组合;典型的生产滚动计划;整车厂的生产计划实施,驱动整个供应链;普遍注重精益的物流运作;物流业务外包成主流;严格的零部件供应商准入机制与供应商分级管理;基于框架协议下的全球化采购;汽车售后供应链体系备受关注。

汽车产业发展新趋势汽车产业发展呈现规模化、集群化发展趋势,产业集群化使产业链纵向延伸发展,同时提高了与相关产业进行横向竞争与合作的效率2、答:分析服装供应链结构简图:先分析服装供应链的工艺流程,再分析服装供应链的类型。

服装供应链有四种主要类型的企业:(1)单纯的生产加工企业(2)自有品牌的“虚拟企业”(3)供、产、销一体化的企业(4)服装贸易公司特征:(1)服装产品的生命周期短(2)服装消费需求变动性大(3)服装消费需求的可预测性低(4)服装购买的冲动性高(5)服装产品被模仿的情况严重P14-15发展趋势:(1)产品个性化需求增大消费能力、消费心理与社会的进步三个因素,共同催生了个性化定制这个基于人自身表达诉求的概念。

最新供应链管理课后习题答案

最新供应链管理课后习题答案

精品文档供应链管理课后习题答案第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。

横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成,公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。

比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。

答:纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密,而且经常集中地管理它们。

这样的结构,可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。

在横向一体化公司,协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。

事实上,如果横向一体化中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能,并以最佳状态运行,就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。

2.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。

为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么?大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么?答:少数位于市中心的仓库,允许公司利用风险分担,以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。

不过,对外运输成本通常较高,交货间隔期较长。

另一方面,企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库,以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。

然而,这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加,并且可能增加对内运输费用。

3.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。

使用卡车承运商的优点是什么?使用诸如UPS这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么?答:企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小,库存和交付的策略,和对灵活性的需求:1.如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点(店),货车运输会更好。

一个很好的例子就是仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。

要注意,在本例中,我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。

精品文档.精品文档快递公司可以根据客仓库直接递送顾客的是相对低成本的项目,那么用快递公司更合适。

此外,/2.如果由制造商户的个人需要灵活的提供不同的运输方式。

4.企业库存水平较高有什么优点?有什么缺点?库存水平低有什么优点和缺点?高库存水平1.答:高和订单执行快速。

供应链管理第三版Unit1习题与答案讲课讲稿

供应链管理第三版Unit1习题与答案讲课讲稿

Chapter 1Un dersta nding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply cha in in cludes only the orga ni zati ons directly in volved in suppl yingcomp onents n eeded for manu facturi ng.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply cha in con sists of all parties in volved, directly or in direct ly, in fulfilli nga customer request.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. A supply cha in could be more accurately described as a supply n etwork orsupply web.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The objective of every supply cha in is to maximize the overall value gen erated.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. The objective of every supply cha in is to maximize the value gen erated for themanu facturi ng comp onent of the supply cha in.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. Every supply cha in must in clude all 5 stages.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. The cycle view of a supply cha in holds that the processes in a supply cha in aredivided into a series of activities performed at the in terface betwee n successivestages.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. The cycle view of a supply cha in holds that the processes in a supply cha in aredivided into 2 categories depe nding on whether they are in itiated in resp onse to or in an ticipati on of customer orders.An swer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy10. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chainare divided into a series of activities performed at the interface betweensuccessive stages. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy11. The objective of the customer arrival process is to maximize the conversion ofcustomer arrivals to customer orders.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate12. The objective of the customer arrival process is to ensure that orders are quicklyand accurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chainprocesses. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate13. The objective of customer order entry is to ensure that orders are quickly andaccurately entered and communicated to other affected supply chain processes.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate14. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard15. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: True Difficulty: Hard16. The replenishment cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. The replenishment cycle is initiated when a supermarket runs out of stock of aparticular item. Answer: True Difficulty: Hard18. The replenishment cycle is initiated when customers load items intended forpurchase into their carts.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard19. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the distributor/manufacturer interface.Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate20. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate21. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder entry process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard22. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to theorder fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard23. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: True Difficulty: Easy24. The procurement cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy25. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member ofthe supply chain. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate26. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiatedin response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it specifies the roles andresponsibilities of each member of the supply chain. Answer: False Difficulty:Moderate29. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes. An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes. An swer:FalseDifficulty: Easy31. Push processes may also be referred to as speculative processes. An swer:TrueDifficulty: Easy32. Push processes may also be referred to as reactive processes. An swer:FalseDifficulty: Easy33. All supply cha in activities within a firm bel ong to one of three macroprocesses CRM, ISCM and SRM.An swer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. There is a close conn ecti on betwee n the desig n and man ageme nt ofsupply cha in flows and the success of a supply cha in.An swer: TrueDifficulty: EasyMultiple Choice1. Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Manu facturerse. All of the above are stages withi n a typical supply cha in.An swer: eDifficulty: Easy2.Which of the following is not a stage within a typical supply chain?a. Customersb. Retailersc. Wholesalers/Distributorsd. Mercha ndiserse. Comp onen t/Raw material suppliersAn swer: dDifficulty: Easy3. Supply chain profitability isa. not correlated to the value generated by the various stages of the supplychain.b.c. the total profit to be shared across all supply chain stages.the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the overall cost across the supply chain.d. e. the total revenue generated by the distributor stage of the supply chain. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Difficult4. Successful supply chain management requires which of the following decision phases?a. b.c.d.e. supply chain strategy/design supply chain planning supply chain operation all of the above a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. The decision phases in a supply chain includea. b.c.d.e. production scheduling. customer relationship management. supply chain operation.supply chain orientation. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate6. The cycle view of a supply chain holds thata. b. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories. theprocesses in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.c. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.d. all processes in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate7. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds thata. the processes in a supply chain are divided into a series of activitiesperformed at the interface between successive stages.b. all processes in a supply chain are initiated in response to a customerorder.c. all response in a supply chain are performed in anticipation of customerorders.d. the processes in a supply chain are divided into 2 categories dependingon whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customerorders.e. None of the above are true.Answer: d Difficulty: Moderate8. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Analysis cycleb. Customer order cyclec. Replenishment cycled. Manufacturing cyclee. Procurement cycleAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate9. Which of the following is not a cycle in the supply chain cycle view?a. Customer order cycleb. Replenishment cyclec. Manufacturing cycled. Procurement cyclee. All of the above are part of the supply chain cycle view.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. The customer order cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. Which of the following is not a process in the customer order cycle?a. Customer arrivalb. Customer qualificationc. Customer order entryd. Customer order fulfillmente. Customer order receivingAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. Customer arrival refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. The objective of the customer arrival process is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy14. Customer order entry isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15. The objective of customer order entry is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at thelowest possible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy16. Customer order fulfillment refers toa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocating product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The objective of customer order fulfillment is toa. get the correct orders to customers by the promised due date at the lowestpossible cost.b. maintain a record of product receipt and complete payment.c. maximize the conversion of customer arrivals to customer orders.d. ensure that orders are quickly and accurately entered and communicatedto other affected supply chain processes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. Customer order receiving isa. the point in time when the customer has access to choices and makes adecision regarding a purchase.b. the customer informing the retailer of what they want to purchase and theretailer allocates product to the customer.c. the process where product is prepared and sent to the customer.d. the process where the customer receives the product and takesownership.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. The replenishment cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy20. The processes involved in the replenishment cycle includea. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillmente. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate21. The processes included in the replenishment cycle include all of the followingexcepta. retail order receiving.b. retail order entry.c. retail order trigger.d. retail order fulfillmente. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate22.The processes included in the replenishment cycle include a. order arrival.b. production scheduling.c. retail trigger.d. manufacturing.e. receiving.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate23.The replenishment cycle is initiated whena. the customer walks into the supermarket.b. the customer calls a mail order telemarketing center.c. customers load items intended for purchase into their carts.d. a supermarket runs out of stock of a particular item.e. a product is received into stock at a store.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard24.The manufacturing cycle occurs at the a. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the above Answer: cDifficulty: Easy25.The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include a. receiving.b. manufacturing and shipping.c. production scheduling.d. order arrival.e. all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate26.The processes involved in the manufacturing cycle include a. order trigger.b. production scheduling.c. order fulfillment.d. order entry.e. manufacturing order analysis.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate27. The production scheduling process in the manufacturing cycle is similar to thea. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard28. The manufacturing and shipping process in the manufacturing cycle is equivalentto thea. order receiving process in the replenishment cycle.b. order fulfillment process in the replenishment cycle.c. order entry process in the replenishment cycle.d. order trigger process in the replenishment cycle.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard29. The procurement cycle occurs at thea. customer/retailer interface.b. retailer/distributor interface.c. distributor/manufacturer interface.d. manufacturer/supplier interface.e. none of the aboveAnswer: d Difficulty: Easy30. The relationship between the manufacturer and supplier during the procurementcycle is very similar to the relationship betweena. customer and retailer.b. retailer and distributor.c. retailer and manufacturer.d. distributor and manufacturer.e. manufacturer and customer.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate31. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, becausea. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supplychain.c. processes are identified as either reactive or speculative.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Hard32. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, becausea. it categorizes processes based on whether they are initiated in responseto or in anticipation of customer orders.b. it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supplychain.c. it clearly defines the processes involved and the owners of each process.d. it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e. it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33. Which of the following statements about pull processes is accurate?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy34. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about pull processes?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in response to a customer order.c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. All of the above are accurate. Answer: aDifficulty: Easy35. Which of the following statements about push processes is accurate?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in response to customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand is known with certainty.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy36. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about push processes?a. May also be referred to as speculative processes.b. Execution is initiated in anticipation of customer orders.c. At the time of execution, demand must be forecast.d. May also be referred to as reactive processes.e. All of the above are accurate. Answer: dDifficulty: Easy37. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?a. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)b. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM)c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)d. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy38. Supply chain macro processes include which of the following?39.39.40.40.41.41.42.42.43.43. a.b.c.d.e.Internal Relationship Management (IRM)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)External Relationship Management (ERM) SupplyChain Relationship Management (SCRM) none ofthe aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: ModerateSupply chain macro processes include which of the following? a. Internal Relationship Management (IRM)b. External Relationship Management (ERM)c. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)d. Supply Chain Relationship Management (SCRM)e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: ModerateActivities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro process includea. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. marketing.d. supply planning.e. demand planning. Answer: c Difficulty: HardActivities involved in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) macro process include all of the following excepta. demand planning.b. marketing.c. sales.d. order management.e. call center management.Answer: a Difficulty: HardActivities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro process includea. marketing.b. order fulfillment.c. sales.d. order management.e. call center management.Answer: bDifficulty: HardActivities involved in the Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) macro process include all of the following excepta. planning of internal production and storage.b. order fulfillment.c. supply pla nning.d. dema nd pla nning.e. order man agementAn swer: eDifficulty: Hard44. Activities in volved in the Supplier Relati on ship Man ageme nt (SRM) macro process in cludea. pla nning of in ter nal product ion andstorageb. order fulfillme nt.c. supply pla nning.d. supplier evaluati on and select ion.e. order man ageme nt.An swer: dDifficulty: Moderate45. Activities in volved in the Supplier Relati on ship Man ageme nt (SRM) macroprocess in clude all of the follow ing excepta. n egotiati on of supply terms.b. desig n collaborati on.c. supply pla nning.d. supplier evaluati on and selection.e. supply collaborati on.An swer: cDifficulty: Hard46. The phe nomenal success of 7-Eleve n Japa n is attributed toa. being in the right place at the right time.b. its supply cha in desig n and man ageme nt ability.c. hav ing 9000 locati ons.d. serv ing fresh food.e. none of the aboveAn swer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. A key issue facing Toyota isa. develop ing an in ter net market ing system.b. whether to specialize in a particular market.c. desig n of its global producti on and distributi on n etwork.d. how to impleme nt model cha nges.e. all of the aboveAn swer: cDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Expla in the 3 decisi on phases (categories) that must be made in a successfulsupply cha in.Answer : The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chain strategy (or design), supply chain planning and supply chain operation. Decisions relate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference betweencategories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a companydetermines what the chain ' s configurations will be, how resources will beallocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish thestructure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals withdecisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phase must work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planning decisionsinclude which markets to supply from which locations, subcontracting ofmanufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard2. Describe the cycle view of the processes within a supply chain.Answer: The cycle view divides the supply chain into a series of 4 cycles between the 5 different stages of a supply chain. The cycles are the customer order cycle,replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle and procurement cycle. The customerorder cycle occurs at the customer/retailer interface and includes all processesdirectly involved in receiving and filling the customer. The replenishment cycleoccurs at the retailer/distributor interface and includes all processes involved inreplenishing retailer inventory. The manufacturing cycle typically occurs at thedistributor/manufacturer (or retailer/manufacturer) interface and includes allprocesses involved in replenishing distributor (or retailer) inventory. Theprocurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface and includes allprocesses necessary to ensure that the materials are available for manufacturing according to schedule.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain the push/pull view of the processes within a supply chain.Answer: The push/pull view of the supply chain divides supply chain processesinto two categories based on whether they are executed in response to acustomer order or in anticipation of customer orders. Pull processes are initiatedin response to a customer order. Push processes are initiated and performed inanticipation of customer orders. The push/pull boundary separates pushprocesses from pull processes. This view is very useful when consideringstrategic decisions relating to supply chain design, because it forces a moreglobal consideration of supply chain processes as they relate to the customer.Difficulty: Moderate4. Explain the three macro processes within a supply chain.Answer: All processes within a supply chain can be classified into three macroprocesses which are Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM), and Supplier Relationship Management (SRM).Customer Relationship Management (CRM) includes all processes that focus onthe interface between the firm and its customers such as marketing, sales, callcenter management and order management. Internal Supply Chain Management (ISCM) includes all processes that are internal to the firm such as preparation ofdemand and supply plans, preparation of inventory management policies, orderfulfillment and planning of capacity. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)includes all processes that focus on the interface between a firm and its suppliers such as evaluation and selection of suppliers, negotiation of supply terms andcommunication regarding new products and orders.Difficulty: Moderate5. Explain why supply chain flows are important.Answer: Supply chain flows are important, because there is a close connectionbetween the design and management of supply chain flows (product, information, and cash) and the success of a supply chain. The success of many companiescan be directly traced to the design and management of an appropriate supplychain. The failure of many businesses can be linked directly to their inability toeffectively design and manage supply chain flows.Difficulty: Moderate。

《供应链管理》第二版参考答案[20页]

《供应链管理》第二版参考答案[20页]

《供应链管理》各章思考题参考答案第一章思考题:1.什么是供应链?怎么样理解我国对供应链的定义?答:供应链是围绕核心企业,通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制,从采购原材料开始,制成中间产品以及最终产品,最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的网链结构和模式。

关于这个定义的含义,我们可以从以下几个方面来理解:(1)它是一个范围更广的企业结构模式。

供应链包含所有加盟的节点企业,从原材料的供应开始,经过网链中不同企业的制造加工、组装、分销等过程直到最终用户。

它把整个供应链看成是一个不可分割的整体,是一个更广泛的企业结构模式。

(2)这个概念强调了供应链的战略伙伴关系。

(3)供应链的网链结构中究竟包括哪些企业,这些企业应该各自出现在供应链的什么位置,相互之间的关系应该怎样,则取决于诸多因素。

(4)供应链的网链结构主要包括:供应链的长度(即所包含的层面数)、各层面供应商或客户的数量、各层面之间的联系方式。

2.供应链有什么样的特点?答:现代意义上的供应链与传统意义上的供应链或单个企业来说,具有以下的特点:(1).复杂性(2).动态性(3).服务性(4).交叉性(5).波动性、放大性和延迟性3.供应链的发展经历了哪几个阶段?答:无论是国内还是国外,对供应链的认识和研究的过程都是一个从简单到复杂、从内部到外部,从理论到实践的过程。

(1)内部流程阶段(2)外部合作阶段(3)供应链整合阶段供应链认识的演化过程4.消费品供应链与生产品供应链有什么不同点?答:消费品应链和生产物品供应链的特征差异,至少表现在供应链的主要流转物品、消费特征、需求变化、供应链运营形式和增值效应等5个方面,参见下表。

第二章思考题:1.供应链管理是如何产生的?答:供应链管理的产生和发展主要基于以下几个重要原因:(1).企业面临新的竞争环境(2).降低库存及提高顾客服务的需要(3).传统管理模式无能为力2.什么是供应链管理?其内涵是什么?答:供应链管理,是连结企业内、外部结盟的企业伙伴,为满足市场的最终消费者需求,整合商流、物流、资金流、信息流之所有营运活动,创造出整体供应链的最佳化(最高效率及最小成本),以达成具高度竞争力的供应系统。

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供应链管理课后习题答案供应链(SC)第一章1、供应链:生产及流通过程中,设计将产品或服务提供给最终用户的上游和下游企业所形成的网链结构2、供应链特征:复杂性动态性交叉性面向客户需求3 、供应链类型:1)稳定SC的和动态的SC 2)平衡SC的和倾斜的 SC3)有效性SC和反应性SC4、使用环节法分析供应链流程:1)顾客订购环节(顾客抵达,顾客订单递交,顾客订货接收,顾客订单完成) 2)补充库存环节(零售订货的发起,零售订单的递交,零售订单的完成,零售订货的接收)3)生产环节(订单到达,生产安排,生产和运输,订货5、接收)4)原料获取环节5、推拉法分析供应链流程:依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序,供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类:推动流程和拉动流程。

对顾客订单的反应启动拉动流程;对顾客订购预期的反应启动推动流程。

在拉动流程执行过程中,需求是已知的、确定的;而在推动流程执行过程中,需求是未知的,因此必须进行预测。

由于拉动流程是对顾客需求的反应,因而也可以被视为反应性流程;相应地,推动流程可以被视为推测性流程。

供应链上的推/拉边界将推动流程和拉动流程区别开来。

在戴尔公司,个人计算机组装线的起点就是推/拉边界。

个人计算机组装前的所有流程是推动流程,而所有组装过程中和此后的所有流程均是对顾客需求的反应,因而是拉动流程。

6 、供应链管理(SCM):利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流,并进行组织、协调与控制。

7 、SCM内涵:1)信息管理 2)客户管理 3)库存管理 4)关系管理 5)风险管理8、 SCM特点:(一)与传统管理方法相比较的特点: 1)以客户为中心2)跨企业的贸易伙伴之间密切合作、共享利益和共担风险 3)集成化管理4)供应链管理是对物流的一体化管理(二)与物流管理相比较的特点1)供应链管理的互动特性2)供应链管理成为物流的高级形态 3 )供应链管理决策的发展 4)供应链管理的协商机制 5)供应链管理强调组织外部一体化6)供应链管理对共同价值的依赖性7)供应链管理是“外源”整合组织 8)供应链管理是一个动态的响应系统9 、SCM的目标: 1)总成本最低化 2)客户服务最优化 3)总库存成本最小化4)总周期最短化5)物流质量最优化第二章1 、建树价值链的九种价值活动分为哪两类,分别包含哪些内容一)基本活动:内部物流生产作业外部物流市场和销售服务二)辅助活动:采购技术开发人力资源管理企业基础设施2 、价值分析的主要内容:1)识别价值活动 2)确定活动类型每种基本和辅助活动由三种类型:直接活动简介活动质量保证3、核心竞争力形成过程:1)锁定目标。

考虑自身资源状况和以往的知识储备、行业现状及特点、竞争对手的实力状态及对比情况、关联领域的影响、潜在竞争者及替代者的演变前景,明确自身努力的方向和目标。

2)集中资源,将资源集中与企业选定的一项或某几项目标业务领域,以便在最大程度上发挥资源效用,增强特定的竞争优势,形成核心竞争力;3)动态学习。

企业员工及组织所拥有的知识技能是重要的无形资产,要坚持动态持续的学习、提高知识技能的积累和储备。

4、价值链分析在构建企业供应链中的作用:企业可以更好的锁定目标,集中内外资源构建自己的核心竞争力,并通过不断的动态学习过程,将核心竞争力的刚性转为柔性,保持企业的核心竞争力。

5、企业进行业务外包时可能遇到的问题:1)通常将不产生核心能力的业务放在外包之列,而把主要精力和资源集中在核心能力的培育、保持和发展上2)增加企业责任外移的可能性3)员工问题4)信息滞后,跟不上那个时代发展步伐5)带来企业在交叉职能上的损失6)企业丧失对供应商的控制第三章1、SCM战略的关注点:企业或服务在企业内部和整个供应链中运动的流程所创造的市场价值给企业增加的竞争优势,将自己的能力与供应链成员中的生产资源和创新知识整合起来。

2.SCM战略与竞争战略匹配拓展范围分为4类:企业经营部门内;企业职能部门内;企业职能部门间;企业间、职能部门间第四章1、供应链合作伙伴关系:在供应链内部,两个或两个以上独立的成员之间,形成的一种协调关系,以保证实现某个特定的目标或效益2、建立供应链合作伙伴关系的驱动因素:核心竞争力、不断变化的顾客期望、外包战略3、简述供应链关系代理的理论基础:一、合作协商与委托代理,二、发挥群体协商机制的作用,三、委托——代理关系中的问题四、委托——代理理论4、供应链企业间的委托-代理关系有哪些特征:1)供应链企业间是一种“合作竞争”关系2)供应链企业间的委托代理问题是多阶段动态模型3)供应链企业间的委托代理是多任务委托代理5、选择供应链合作伙伴的原则:1)工艺与技术的连贯性2)企业的业绩与经营状况3)有效的交流和信息共享4)合作伙伴在于精而不在多6、选择供应链合作伙伴的方法:直观判断法招标法协商选择法层次分析法 ABC成本法神经网络算法7、供应链合作伙伴选择的步骤:1)合作伙伴的粗筛选从企业战略的角度来检验是否需要建立供应商合作关系,以及建立哪个层次的供应商合作关系 2)合作伙伴的细筛选确定挑选合作伙伴的准则,评估潜在的候选企业。

3)合作伙伴的精炼和确认正式建立合作伙伴关系4)合作伙伴的跟踪评价维持和精炼合作伙伴关系,包括增强彼此间的合作关系或解除合作伙伴关系。

8、如何对供应链合作伙伴评价:1)需求和必要性分析2)确立合作伙伴的选择目标 3)建立合作伙伴评价标准4) 建立评价小组5) 合作伙伴参与 6)评价供应链合作伙伴 7)实施供应链合作关系9、建立合作伙伴关系需要注意的问题:1)相互信任2) 信息共享3) 权责明确4)解决合作伙伴之间问题的方法和态度第五章1、供应链构建的一般原则:1)自上向下和自下向上相结合的设计原则2)简洁性原则3)集优原则(互补性原则)4)协调性原则5)动态性(不确定性)原则6)创新原则7)战略性原则2、供应链设计包括哪几方面的内容:1)供应链成员及合作伙伴选择,供应链中一级级叠加起来的成员。

总数可能会很大,所以这样的供应链是非常复杂的2)网络结构设计,供应链网络结构主要由供应链成员、网络结构变量和供应链间工序连接方式三方面组成。

3)供应链运行基本规则主要内容包括:协调机制、信息开放与交互方式、生产物流的计划与控制体系、库存的总体布局、资金结算方式、争议解决机制等。

3、供应链设计的策略有几项,各自针对怎样的情况:1)基于客户需求的供应链设计策略,适用高边际利润、不稳定需求的革新性产品;低边际利润、有稳定需求的功能性产品;2)基于成本核算的供应链设计策略4、供应链网络设计的一般步骤:1)明确供应链战略2)明确地区性设施的构架3)选择合适的地点4)选择布局区位5、供应链网络的基本结构:1)简单的链状结构:供应商1供应商2核心企业分销商零售商用户2)网链状结构,以核心企业为中心,各自发挥自己的核心竞争能力,结合成相互协作、互补、互惠、双赢、共享资源的集成体3)网状结构,一核心企业为中心来看,核心企业与供应商、核心企业与分销商之间呈一对多的关系、诸多核心企业、供应商、分销商组合起来,关系交叉,构成网状拓扑,情况复杂6、供应链网络设计的影响因素:1)战略性因素2)技术因素3)宏观经济因素:关税与税收减让,汇率与需求风险4)政治因素5)基础设施因素6)竞争性因素:企业间的积极外部性,为瓜分市场面布局7)为顾客需求的反应时间8)物流和设施成本:运输成本,设施(建设和运营)成本,库存成本第六章1即时制采购是什么,与传统采购的区别:准时采购也叫J I T采购法,是一种先进的采购模式,是一种管理哲理。

它的基本思想是:在恰当的时间、恰当的地点、以恰当的数量、恰当的质量提供恰当的物品。

与传统采购的比较:1)对供应商数量的选择不同:传统,对头采购;即时,较少供应商2)对交货的即时性要求不同3)对供应商选择的标准不同4)指定采购批量的策略不同5)对送货和包装的要求不同6)对信息交流的需求不同2、即时制采购带来的问题及解决的办法:1)小批量采购带来的问题及解决办法:使供应商在地理位置靠近制造商;供应商在制造商附近建立临时仓库;有一个专门的承包运输商活第三方负责企业负责送货;让一个供应商负责供应多种原材料和外购件2)采用单源供应带来的风险,包括供应商有可能因意外原因中断供货,单源供应使企业不能得到竞争性的采购价格,对供应商依赖过大;办法:制造商与供应商建立长期互利合作的新型关系。

3、评价供应商的主要指标:1)短期标准:商品质量合适;成本低;交货及时;整体服务水平好,履行合同的承诺和能力2)供应商的财务状况是否稳定;供应商内部组织与管理是否良好;供应商人员是否稳定4、供应商绩效考核的指标体系包括哪些内容:1)质量指标;供应指标;经济指标;支持、配合与服务指标第七章1、供应链生产管理的特点:一、决策环境特点1)决策信息多源化2)群体决策3)信息反馈机制多样化4)计划运行环境的动态变化;二、生产计划制定的特点:1)具有纵向与横向的信息集成过程2)加强了能力平衡在计划中的作用2、面向供应链的生产组织计划模式:实施:1)计划制定:1>以销定产,建立主生产计划2>编制日装配计划,将生产任务细化到日3>指定物料需求计划,保证零部件配套4>计划修正2)计划执行:1>依靠计算机网络,全面了解生产信息2>建立在线分析处理系统3>指定信息录入制度,确保信息的准确性3)计划控制:1>生产异常控制2>生产进度控制4)计划考核3生产延迟的含义:生产延迟主张根据订单安排生产产品,在获知客户的精确要求和购买意向之前,不作任何准备工作(如采购部件)。

第八章1、供应链环境下的物流管理特征:1)信息——共享2)过程——同步3)合作——互利4)交货——准时5)响应——敏捷6)服务——满意2、影响运输决策的因素:1)影响承运人决策的因素:与交通工具相关的成本,固定运输成本,与运距有关的成本,与运量有关的成本,运营成本2)影响托运人决策的因素:运输成本,库存成本,设施成本,作业成本,服务水平成本4、供应链中库存控制问题:1)缺乏供应链的系统观念2)对客户服务水平理解上的偏差3)缺乏准确的交货状态信息4)低效率的信息传递系统5)忽略不确定性对库存的影响6)缺乏合作和协调7)库存控制策略简单化8)忽略了产品流程设计的影响5、供应链中的需求变异放大原理产生的原因:需求信息的不真实性沿着供应链牛流而上,逐级放大,达到源头的供应商时,其获得的的需求信息和实际消费市场中的顾客需求信息发生了很大的偏差,是需求信息扭曲的结果。

6、VMI的基本思想:突破传统的条块分割的库存管理模式,以系统的、集成的管理思想进行库存管理,使供应链系统能够获得同步化的操作。

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