主动表被动与被动表主动
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主动表被动
与被动表主动
英语动词，通常都是主动形式表示主动意义、被 动形式表示被动意义。但在有些情况下，却要用 主动形式表示被动意义:
一、 doing的形式表被动 主动表被动 二、to do的形式表被动 三、谓语动词主动表被动
一、 doing的形式表被动
1、 want /need/ require/demand(需要) + doing。 例如： Your hair demands cutting. These young trees will require looking after. He is ill, and he needs sending to hospital. 但在want /need/ require/demand后接不定式 时，该用主动时就用主动，该用被动时就用被动。 例如：The room needs to be cleaned.=The room needs cleaning. You need to read it again
注意：以上两种情况中的动名词必须是及物 动词的动名词或不及物动词的动名词加介词
二、to do的形式表被动
1、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰 的名词或代词有被动关系，但和句子中另一名词或代词 有主动关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。 Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住 的房间。 Give me a pen to write with and a piece of paper to write on. With two papers to write, he has to work late into the night. This is an easy question (for me) to answer.（有时 不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb）
e.g. The oil is running out.
The accident happend by chance.
4. 当want, require, need作“需要”解，后接
doing/ to be done作宾语，此时动词do与主语为动
宾关系。 e.g. 花儿需要浇水了。
The flowers wantБайду номын сангаасwatering.
need to be watered.
require
二、to do的形式表被动
2、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如 果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, nice, good，interesting, important, fit，impossible，pleasant，light, heavy, bitter, comfortable, cheap, expensive, funny, exciting, delicious等，不定式用主动表被动。若不定 式动词是不及物动词时应加上所需要的介词。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 The room is comfortable to live in. This book is too difficult to understand . I find him pleasant to work with.
一、 doing的形式表被动
2、be worth (值得)+ doing。 (不用be worth being done,可用be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done)
例如: The film is very good and is well worth seeing. The song is worth listening to again.
3. 不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：
come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go
out（熄灭）, come out（出版）, come to light,
belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own,
have, possess, happen, occur等。
比较：This kind of book has been sold out.
2) His shirts wash easily.
比较：His shirt are washed by his wife.
2.表示状态特征的连系动词如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主动语态表示 被动意义。 e.g. The ice-creams smell sweet. Such kind of cloth feels soft. The news proved to be true.
二、to do的形式表被动
1. 动词sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear,
wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等与well,
smoothly, easily等连用时，说明主语内在的
“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动。
e.g. 1) This kind of book sells well.
二、to do的形式表被动
但是如果强调句中没有不定式动作的发出者， 则需要用不定式的被动形式。例如： I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?
与被动表主动
英语动词，通常都是主动形式表示主动意义、被 动形式表示被动意义。但在有些情况下，却要用 主动形式表示被动意义:
一、 doing的形式表被动 主动表被动 二、to do的形式表被动 三、谓语动词主动表被动
一、 doing的形式表被动
1、 want /need/ require/demand(需要) + doing。 例如： Your hair demands cutting. These young trees will require looking after. He is ill, and he needs sending to hospital. 但在want /need/ require/demand后接不定式 时，该用主动时就用主动，该用被动时就用被动。 例如：The room needs to be cleaned.=The room needs cleaning. You need to read it again
注意：以上两种情况中的动名词必须是及物 动词的动名词或不及物动词的动名词加介词
二、to do的形式表被动
1、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰 的名词或代词有被动关系，但和句子中另一名词或代词 有主动关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。 Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住 的房间。 Give me a pen to write with and a piece of paper to write on. With two papers to write, he has to work late into the night. This is an easy question (for me) to answer.（有时 不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb）
e.g. The oil is running out.
The accident happend by chance.
4. 当want, require, need作“需要”解，后接
doing/ to be done作宾语，此时动词do与主语为动
宾关系。 e.g. 花儿需要浇水了。
The flowers wantБайду номын сангаасwatering.
need to be watered.
require
二、to do的形式表被动
2、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如 果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, nice, good，interesting, important, fit，impossible，pleasant，light, heavy, bitter, comfortable, cheap, expensive, funny, exciting, delicious等，不定式用主动表被动。若不定 式动词是不及物动词时应加上所需要的介词。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 The room is comfortable to live in. This book is too difficult to understand . I find him pleasant to work with.
一、 doing的形式表被动
2、be worth (值得)+ doing。 (不用be worth being done,可用be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done)
例如: The film is very good and is well worth seeing. The song is worth listening to again.
3. 不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：
come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go
out（熄灭）, come out（出版）, come to light,
belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own,
have, possess, happen, occur等。
比较：This kind of book has been sold out.
2) His shirts wash easily.
比较：His shirt are washed by his wife.
2.表示状态特征的连系动词如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove等用主动语态表示 被动意义。 e.g. The ice-creams smell sweet. Such kind of cloth feels soft. The news proved to be true.
二、to do的形式表被动
1. 动词sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear,
wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等与well,
smoothly, easily等连用时，说明主语内在的
“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动。
e.g. 1) This kind of book sells well.
二、to do的形式表被动
但是如果强调句中没有不定式动作的发出者， 则需要用不定式的被动形式。例如： I'm going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?