情态动词详解
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4)should 表示推测时,表示确定或可能有 的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果。
He should be around sixty years old. 他可 能60岁上下。 It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment. (表示确定或期待)
do something / succeeded in doing sth.
The fire spread through the hotel very
quickly but everyone was able to get out. (过去有能力并成功地做了某事)
(3) could have + 过去分词,表示过去有 能力做但未做。
This can’t / couldn’t be done by him. (表示不 相信)
He could be on his way home now. (could 不 如 may / might常用)
Can this be done by him? (表示一种疑惑、 惊讶)
(3)would, could, should, might 并不一定 与过去的时间有关,而是表示可能性弱于他 们相应的现在形式。如:
Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn’t sure yet. (实际的可能性,不用 can,而用
may.
2. 表示具体事情实际发生的可能性 (1)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层 次比较 (见下表)
(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时, may, must 常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定 句和疑问句(may not表示“可能不”);
You might have been eaten by fish.
You might have given him more help, though you were busy.
6. Should / ought to have done
用于肯定句时,表示“本应该做某事,而实 际上未做”;用于否定句时,则表示 “不应 该做的事情反而做了”。You should have come to the meeting earlier.
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
You shouldn’t have told her the truth.
He ought not to have treated his parents like that.
7. Needn’t have done
I could have worked out the problem, but I didn’t.
二、表推测 。
1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情 实际发生的可能性两种。
所谓客观的(理论的)可能性即不涉及具体 某事是否发生,此种用法常常可以说明 人或事物的特征。
情态动词 can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的 / 理论的可能性,
情态动词用法详解
情态动词的定义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词, 但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原 形构成谓语。 We can be there on time tomorrow. May I have your name? Shall we begin now? You must obey the school rules.
3. 表示过去的能力 (1)could , was/ were able to 表示过去 一般的能力,即不表示做与未做某事。
She could / was able to sing like an angel
when she was a child. (2) was/ were able to 表示过去有能力并 且成功地做了某事,相当于managed to
3. Could have done
可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之意, 此外,还可以表示过去没有实现的可能性, 意为“本应该……”.
I saw Mr. Wang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing. You could have been here earlier, but you didn’t.
情态动词的特点
情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动 词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成 是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态 动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去 式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气, 时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We can't carry the heavy box. I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起,我帮不上你。
4. May /might have done
表示对过去已经发生的行为的推测,意为 “也许 / 或许已经(没有) ……”. 一般只用于肯定句或否定句中(在否定句中 表示“可能不”),不用于疑问句。用 might 语气更加不肯定。
It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.
I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.(表示肯定 ) This may not be done by him.(表示不确定)
表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时, can 常 用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、 惊讶或不相信等意思;could 既可疑用于肯定 句,又可以用于否定句、疑问句中。
He may not have finished the work.
He might have caught a cold.
5. Might have done 表示“本来可能……”,但实际上没有发生 的事。
另外,还可以表示“本应该或可以做某 事,”,含有轻微的责备语气。
You should not have swum in that sea.
--- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. --- They should be ready by 12:00. (表示期 待)
三、 “情态动词 + have done “ 用法一览表
1. must have done
will / would need
dare ought to
~ + not
won’t / wouldn’t
~ + not
needn’t
~ + not
daren’t
ought not to
oughtn’t to
had better Had better not ’d better not
情态动词的位置
8. Had better have done
用于事后的建议,含有轻微的责备语 气,意为“当时做好做了某事”,其 否定形式是
had better not have done 表示相反的意 思。
You had better have started earlier.
情态动词的用法
一 、表能力 (can, could, be able to, were / was able to, could
have done) 1. 表现在的或一般的能力:表示现在的或一般
的能力用can 或 be able to. 一般的能力是指 你无论什么时候做什么事情就能做到的能力。 表 示 现 在 的 能 力 或 一 般 的 能 力 时 , can 比 be able to 更普遍。
cannot hቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱve done表示对过去发生的行为的 怀疑和不肯定,通常用于否定句和疑问句中。
He cannot have forgotten it.
Can he have gone to his aunt’s?
3. Could have done
可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之 意,此外,还可以表示过去免于是想的可能 性,意为“本应该……”.
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,谓 语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前, 疑问句中, 情态动词放在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你, 过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么? How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么 敢那样对待我们!
而表示具体事情发生的可能性时,can 一般 不用于肯定句。
Accident can happen on such rainy days. (客观的可能性)
二、表推测 。 1. 可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际
发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的(理论的) 可能性即不涉及具体某事是否发生,此种 用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态 动词 can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的 / 理 论的可能性,而表示具体事情发生的可能 性时,can 一般不用于肯定句。 Accident can happen on such rainy days. (客 观的可能性)
I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now. (表示现在的能力)
2. 表示将来的能力
表示将来的能力用 will be able to. If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. 3. 表示过去的能力 (1)could , was/ were able to 表示过去 一般的能力,即不表示做与未做某事。 She could / was able to sing like an angel when she was a child.
情态动词
否定式
缩略形式
can / could cannot / could not can’t / couldn’t
may / might ~ + not
mayn’t / mightn't
must
~ + not
mustn’t
shall / should ~ + not
shan’t / shouldn’t
表示“做了本来不必去做的事情”, 注意:didn’t need to do 表示“没有必 要做而实际也免于做某事”。
You needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.
I didn’t need to clean the windows. My brother did it.
一 、表能力 :表现在的或一般的能力:表示 现在的或一般的能力用can 或 be able to. 一 般的能力是指你无论什么时候做什么事情就 能做到的能力。表示现在的能力或一般的能 力时,can比be able to 更普遍。
A computer can’t think for itself; it must be told what to do. (表示一般的能力)
表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为 “想必 / 准是/ 一定做了某事
It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy.
The lights were out. They must have been asleep.
2. can have done
This may / might be done by him. (语气一 次递减) 4)should 表示推测时,表示确定或可能有 的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果。
He should be around sixty years old. 他可 能60岁上下。 It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment. (表示确定或期待)