高二英语复习资料
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高中英语五种基本句型
句型一: S (主语) + V (谓语) 如:Li Ming (主) works (谓)very hard (状).李明学习很努力。 句型二: S (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Pre (表语)
1) 表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep 等。
He looked worried just now. 刚才他看上去有些焦急。
2) 表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go 等。
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
句型三: S (主语) + V (谓语) + O (宾语) 宾语常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式) 她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 句型四: S (主语)+V (谓语)+ Vo(间接宾语:常指人)+O(直接宾语:常指物)
引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send 等。
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
句型五: S (主语)+V (动词)+O (宾语)+Complement(补语) 宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow 等 如:His father told him not to play in the street. (不定式) 他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
● 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to 。 例句如:1) The boss made him do the work all day. 老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night. 昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
高中英语主谓一致
即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则
一、 语法一致原则
1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 如:To study English well is not easy.
2、 由连接词and 或both …… and 连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 他和她俩人都是少先队员。
注意: (1)若and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 r and artist has come. 那个作家兼艺术家已经来了。
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(2)由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an ), many a (an )修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.
3、 主语后面跟有with , together with , except , but , like , as well as , rather than , more than , no less than , besides , including 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用要根据主语的单复数来定,主语是单数则用单数,是复数则用复数。如:Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
4、 either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。 如:Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter.
5、 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
6、 在定语从句时,关系代词that , who , which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 如: He is one of my friends who are working hard.
7、 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee(委员), population, audience 等。
如:Class Four is on the third floor.
注意:people, police, cattle(牛、牲口)等名词一般都用复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
8、 由“a lot of , lots of , plenty of , the rest of , the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 注意:a number of “许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of “……的数量”,主语是number ,谓语用单数。 50% of the students in our class are girls.
9、 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.
二、 逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1、 what, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。 如:Which is your bag ? Which are your bags ?
2、 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体. 如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 如:“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story -book.
4、 表数量的短语“one and a half ”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数)。