呼吸科英语常用词汇
呼吸科常用英文
呼吸科常用英文询问病史case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief plaint, history of present illness, previous health status<well, ordinary or bad>, any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking <about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years>, alcohol in take<occasional or frequent>,spouse’s health status, menorrhea <menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle>, childbearing or pregnancy< times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history <any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings and children>常用的症状symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum <dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath 〔SOB〕Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise 不舒服myalgia 肌痛insomia 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia 发声困难常见的体征physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal and transversecurvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retentionasterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration <seen in se vere asthma>barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis 驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal spacetactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal spacerange of mobilityAuscultation:vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubsplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss,cachexia恶病质,cachectic恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退常做的检查examinations or laboratory findings<to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have>temperature charts 体温图<take one’s body temperature>sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood testBlood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologyPulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis<ABG>: arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncturePaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemiarespiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg<millimeters of mercury>due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch <ventilation-perfusion<quotient>ratio>pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism,pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg<millimeters of mercury>due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular <sedatives, myasthenia>, structural <ankylosing spondylitis>, pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing <reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节>coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的<breathing like blowing over a bottle top>opacification浑浊：consolidation <air space infiltrate>:confluent shadowing and air bronchogramcollapse: lobar<upper, middle/lingual, lower>segmental atelactasispleural effusionmediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysmChest CT scan< puted tomography>Head MRI<magnetic resonance imaging>PET-CT of the whole body<positron-emission tomography>Abdominal ultrasoundskin prick test 皮肤点刺试验〔dust mites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach蟑螂〕tuberculin skin test <purified protein derivative<of tuberculin> test, PPD test>Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung pliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor < diffusion rate>PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop < inspiration and expiration>bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histamine or methacholine-inhalationbronchodilatation支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings>bronchoalveolar lavage <BAL>protected specimen brush <PStransthoracic percutaneous needle aspirationpercutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance < for peripheral tumours>video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram <ECG>echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope scan < ventilation/perfusion scanning>spiral CT/MRA <Magnetic Resonance Angiography>pulmonary angiographyDoppler USS thigh and pelvis <USS: ultrasound scanning>cardiac monitorPSG< polysommography>常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染mon cold 普通感冒influenza 流感pharynigitis 咽炎acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎munity acquired pneumonia <CAP> 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia <HAP> 医院获得性肺炎nosoical pneumonia <NP> 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease <acute exacerbating> AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma 〔SCLC〕小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤pulmonary embolism 〔PE〕肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism <PTE> 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis <ABPA>pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaua 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ,ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂bronchodilatorB2-agonists: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱steroids inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德, beclomethasone倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidecardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂albumin 白蛋白antitussive agents 镇咳药ammonium chloride 氯化铵ambroxol 氨溴索〔mucosolvan 沐舒坦〕常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管, Venturi face-mask nebulizer喷雾器: finer particle size <3 to 20um> allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler <MDI>continuous positive airway pressure <CPAP>-tight-fitting mask <non-invasive>intermittent positive-pressure ventilation < IPPV>non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation <NIPPV>mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive<via intubation插管,tracheostomy 气管造口术,tracheotomy气管切开术>synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术lobectomy of lung,pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术,胸廓切开术pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic囊性的/varicose曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibiotics surgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural bleb ruputurelactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy ,esp. biopsy types: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex shift contralaterallyCXR: translucency +collapse: visible rim between lung and chest wall＞2 cm =＞50% lung volume lossaspiration吸引术,intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent: pleurodesis, pleurectomy, bulla stapling or laseringpleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L or pleura: serum protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .Exudate渗出液：capillary permeability increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus-shaped,rises towards axillaAppearance: clear ,straw-coloured: suggests transduateturbid, green: indicates exudates<pus cells> or empyema <bacterial infection>bloody< haemothorax血胸>: tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis, traumawhite< chylothorax乳糜胸>：lymph ,blocked thoracic duct, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage <thoracocentesis>intrathoracic streptokinase via chest drain: to lyse fibrinous adhesionspleural adhesion: tetracycline. bleomycinlung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsydysphagiapancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ganglion resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathysuperior vena cava obstruction <SVCO>: headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, plethora, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade< JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine< ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaeastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma>,skin〔dermatomyositis〕immunopromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia< PTH-rp secretion>adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes monbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy < etoposide + cisplatin>secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck<+colon if liver metastasis>, melanoma, bone <sara>, thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells <O2↓,patient awakes from sleep>, awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity< fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm>,structural features of upper airway <nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical m asses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis>, smoking< exacerabates hypoxia>, alcohol <acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone>,neuromuscular or CNS diseases PSG< polysommography>: overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure <CPAP>mandibular advancement device <MAD>adenoidectomy 〔curative in children〕uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased pliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar <盐酸吉西他滨注射剂>paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇〔Taxol泰素〕docetaxel多西他赛〔泰素帝〕常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠〔泰能tienam〕Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assemblyvanycin 万古霉素norvanycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesisamikacin 阿米卡星〔丁胺卡那〕gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole pound <SMZ.CO>Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠〔可耐〕lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide 〔LPS〕脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose <LD50> 半数致死量median infective dose <ID50> 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration <MIC> 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration <MBC> 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体〔苍白密螺旋体〕Venereal disease reference laboratory <VDRL>Rapid plasma regain <RPR>Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸科英语常用词汇(部分含音标)
呼吸科英语A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。
呼吸专业英语单词
(一)nose ； naso-,rhino-1.nose cleft 鼻畸形2.nostril 鼻孔3.nasoantral 鼻上颌窦的4.nasolabial 鼻唇的5.nasomanometer 鼻压计6.nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的7.nasoseptal 鼻中隔8.nasosinusitis 鼻窦炎9.rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌10.rhinocnesmus 鼻痒11.rhinodynia 鼻痛12.rhinorrhea 鼻漏13.allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎（二）throat ；近义构型词laryngo-ryngalgia 喉痛ryngectomy 喉切除术ryngemphraxis 喉阻塞ryngendoscope 喉镜ryngismal 喉痉挛的ryngitis 喉炎ryngocarcinoma 喉癌ryngocele 喉膨出ryngocentesis 喉穿刺术ryngopharyngitis 咽喉炎11.pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə] ;pharyngodynia[,færiŋ'ɡɔdiniə] 咽痛（三）glottis ；近义构型词 glotto-1．glottidectomy 声门切除术2.glottidospasm 声门痉挛3.glottiscope 声门镜4.glottogram 声门图5．glottis false 假声门6.glottography 声门描记法7.glottal 声门的8.glottis vera 声门裂9.glottitis 舌炎10.glottology 舌学（四）trachea,windpipe 近义构型词 tracheo-1.tracheoaerocele 气管气疝2.tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎3.tracheocarcinoma 气管癌4.tracheoesophageal 气管食管的5.tracheolaryngeal 气管喉的6.tracheole 小气管7.tracheomalacia 气管软化8.tracheopathy 气管病9.tracheorrhagia 气管出血10.tracheoscopy 气管镜检（五）bronchus ；近义构型词 broncho- ,bronchiolo-1.bronchia 小气管2.bronchiectasia 支气管扩张3.bronchiogenic 支气管源的4.bronchiolitis 细支气管炎5.bronchismus 支气管痉挛6.bronchitis 支气管炎7.bronchoadenitis 支气管淋巴结炎8.bronchodilatation 支气管扩张术9.bronchoedema 支气管水肿10.bronchoesophagoscope 支气管食管镜11.chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎12.COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺13. Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘14. Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌(六)lung ；近义构型词 pulmo(no)-,pneumono-1.pulmogram 肺X线照片2.pulmometer 肺量计3.pulmonectomy 肺切除术4.pulmonitis 肺炎5.pulmonohepatic 肺肝的6.pneumonemia 肺充血7.pneumomalacia 肺软化8.pneumochysis 肺水肿9.pneumococci 肺炎球菌10.pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌munity acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎12.hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎13.nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎14.Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎15.Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎16.hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎17.extrinisic allergic alveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎18.lung absess肺脓肿19. pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核20 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]21.interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病Sarcoidosis结节病22. pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄23.Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[prəutii'nəusis] PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik] Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) 曲菌病ALI Acute lung injury 急性肺损伤ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征24.Pulmonary edema肺水肿emphysematous 肺大泡pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pneumonemia 肺充血25. pleura ；近义构型词 pleuro-pleurobronchitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurodesis 胸膜固定术pleurodynia 胸膜痛pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛pleurography 胸膜腔X线摄影术pleurohepatitis 胸膜肝炎pleuropericarditis 胸膜心包炎pleuroperitoneum 胸腹膜pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查pleurotomy 胸膜切开术26.fever发热cough 咳嗽nonproductive cough 干咳dry cough 干咳Sputum痰dry, purulent['pjuərjulənt]脓性的copious['kəupiəs] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neiʃəs, tə-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezing喘息Dyspnea during exertion[iɡ'zə:ʃən] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[ɔ:'θɔpniə] 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）气短Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感exercise intolerance运动障碍hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [mæ'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ældʒiə] 肌痛insomnia [in'sɔmniə] 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'fəuniə]发声困难27.clubbed fingers杵状指 :cyanosis [,saiə'nəusis]发绀:deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ɔksi'heməu,ɡləubin]去氧血红蛋白peripheral [pə'rifərəl]外围的,次要的hand flap: 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula lymph nodes锁骨上的淋巴结增大 axillary [æk'siləri] lymph nodes腋窝淋巴结respiratory rate呼吸频率tachycardia 心动过速kyphosis [kai'fəusis] 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:视诊tachypnea [,tækip'ni:ə] 呼吸急促sternocleidomastoid['stə:nəu,klaidə'mæstɔid] muscle 胸锁乳突肌wide or narrow intercostal[,intə'kɔstəl] space肋间隙tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:叩诊resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音scapular['skæpjulə]肩胛的range of mobility[məu'biləti]移动度Auscultation[,ɔ:skəl'teiʃən]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straidə] 喘鸣 ,crackles['krækl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-like soundesmoist rales :湿罗音(coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine细的, crepitus 捻发音）pleural friction rubs胸膜摩擦音complete absence of breath sounds呼吸音完全消失ankle edema踝水肿weight loss体重减轻cachexia[kə'keksiə]恶病质，cachectic[kə'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite=loss of appetite= anorexia[,ænə'reksiə]食欲减退28.常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findingstemperature charts 体温图(take one’s body temperature) sputum pot 痰盂blood/urine/stool routine血/尿/大便常规occult['ɔkʌlt/ blood test潜隐血试验blood biochemistry血生化sputum /blood culture痰/血培养drug sensitivity test药敏试验sputum cytology[sai'tɔlədʒi]痰细胞学pulse oximeter[ɔk'simitə] 脉氧计arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): 动脉血气分析artery puncture动脉穿刺hypercarbiahypoxemia[,haipɔk'si:miə]血氧不足respiratory failure:呼衰coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔amphoric['æmfərik]空翁音的opacification[əu,pæsifi'keiʃən]浑浊shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusion胸膜渗出液mediastinal[,mi:diæs'tainəl]纵隔thymoma[θai'məumə]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,terə'təumə]畸胎瘤,TB lymph nodes,lymphoma[lim'fəumə]淋巴瘤aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography) Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) PET-CT正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ʌltrəsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验tuberculin skin test 纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test 肺功能检查Spirometry [spai'rɔmitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases:阻塞性肺疾病restrictive lung diseases:限制性肺疾病FEV1: forced expiratory[iks'paiərətəri/ volume in 1 second 1秒率FVC: force vital capacity用力肺活量TLC: total lung capacity肺总量RV: residual volume残气量KCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)转移吸数PEFR: peak expiratory flow rate最大呼气流速flow-volume loop 呼吸器流曲线bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prɔvə'keiʃən] 支气管激发试验：histamine['histəmmin] 组胺methacholine乙酰甲胆碱bronchodilatation[,dailə'teiʃən]支气管舒张试验:salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[brɔŋ'kɔskəpi]纤支镜检查biopsy['bai,ɔpsi]活组织检查bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)肺泡灌洗液protected specimen brushtransthoracic[,trænsθə'ræsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration[,æspə'reiʃən]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsy开肺活检pleural biopsy胸膜活检biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes增大淋巴结活检D-Dimers D-二聚体electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图echocardiogram 超声心动图V/Q ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)通气/血流比例Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]磁共振血管造影术pulmonary angiography肺血管造影术Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor心脏监护示波器PSG( polysommography)多导睡眠监测 29.incidence rate 发病率prevalence rate 患病率mortality rate 死亡率birth rate 出生率survival rate 生存率case fatality rate 某病病死率。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸内科专业英语第一篇：呼吸内科专业英语呼吸科英语 Bronch ial asthma 支气管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析 Anaemia 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张 Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素B Biopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗 Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia 闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查C CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指 dry cough 干咳 Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳 Complication 并发症 D Dyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断 Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断E Emphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡 Expectoration 吐痰 Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的 F Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化G GM+ Gram stain positive Gm-Gram stain negative H Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血 Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学 Hypoxia 缺氧 I Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的N Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气O OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征P Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音 Pneumonia 肺炎 Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比 Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验 Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3 Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎 R Moist rales 湿罗音 Dry rales 干罗音 S SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度 Short of breath 气短 Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段T Tuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促 Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检 Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查U Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染W Wheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella 军团菌 mycoplasma 支原体 chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy pleural biopsy biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes D-Dimers electrocardiogram(ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup] 同位素scan(ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA(Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术)pulmonary angiography Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿 and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor PSG(polysommography)常见的病名diseases acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染 common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə] pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgi a[færin'gældʒiə] 咽痛 acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎 4/14 pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎 pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(acute exacerbating)AECOPD COPD急性发作 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎 respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌 adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌 pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis] pulmonary embolism（PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm] pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks] chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv,-reitiv] congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik] cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli] pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi] right heart failure;right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik] 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎 connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis] Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik] Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症X Wegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis] drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis] 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə] oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis] osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变 glaucoma 青光眼 cataract白内障acute lung injury，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹 eczema 湿疹 hypertension 高血压 diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb.with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik, ,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt] Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik] 常用的药物 drugs or agents bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə] B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l] long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n] steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun] 强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun] 氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants: lobeline 6/14 nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid,-mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂 diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik] albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv] ammoniumchloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size(3 to 20um)allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气 pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术 chemotherapy 化疗 radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi] lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi] pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术 pleurectomy 胸膜切除术 pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端 shift contralaterally 对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə] 大疱 stapling装订 or lasering激光常用的化疗药 9/14 cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesis penicillin skin test amoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类 cefradine 头孢拉啶 cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦 ceftriaxone 头孢曲松 cefpiramide 头孢吡啶 ceftazidime 头孢他定 ceftizoxime 头孢唑污 carbopenems 碳青霉烯类 azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素 norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素 teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素 clarithromycin 克拉霉素 azithromycin 阿奇霉素 erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno-and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素 streptomycin 链霉素 Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound(SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrase norfloxacin 诺氟沙星 ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星 gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类 minocycline 美满霉素 Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类 metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑 ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药 rifampicin 利福平 rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺 ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药 nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素B fluconazole 氟康唑 voriconazole 伏立康唑 itraconazole 伊曲康唑 Antivirus agents ribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦 foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定 entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物 bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide（LPS）脂多糖 antibiotics 抗生素 pyrogen 致热原 exotoxin 外毒素 endotoxin 内毒素 Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位 antibacterial agents 抗菌药 resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症 11/14 endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性 virulence 毒力median lethal dose(LD50)半数致死量median infective dose(ID50)半数感染量 virus 病毒replication 复制 viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染 conditioned infection 条件致病性感染 endogenous infection 内源性感染 exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptictechnique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂 bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法 ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线 isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫 vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗 toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫 antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14 Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌 Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌 Legionella 军团杆菌属 Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌 Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌 Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌 Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌 Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌 Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌 Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌 Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌 Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory(VDRL)Rapid plasma regain(RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14 Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒 Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒 Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒 Adult T-cell leukemia成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌 Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属 Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属 Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病 Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌 Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌 Mucor 毛霉菌属第二篇：呼吸内科)一、慢支炎处方氨苄西林胶囊0.5tid溴已新片（必淑平）16mgtid氨茶碱0.1tid此方主要是针对发作较轻者，患病时间长的老年人。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronｃhial ａｓthma 支气管哮喘aｃｉdｏｓｉs酸中毒Allergen，alｌｅｒgiｃreaｃtｉon 变异原,变态反应ｂlooｄgas analysis 血气分析Ａnaemia 贫血Alvｅolar肺泡得aｎtibｉotiｃ抗生素Atelectａsis 肺不张Lung ａbscｅss 肺脓肿Athroscｌerotｉc heａrｔdiseａｓｅ动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Ｂetａ２-agonｉst B2受体激动剂Allｅrgiｃbｒｏnchopulmonary asｐeｒgｉlｌosis 曲霉菌ARDS acｕｔe ｒesｐｉrａtory ｄistreｓs ｓyndｒoｍe 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussioｎand aｕｓcultatiｏn 叩／听诊Ｐｕlmｏｎary arteｒial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glｕcocｏrtｉcｏid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiｏpｓy活检Ｂrｏnchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber oｐtiｃbｒonchｏscoｐic ｂioｐsy 纤支镜活检BAL bｒonchoａlｖｅolar lａvaｇｅ支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis，brｏnchiolitｉｓ支气管炎,细支气管炎Boop：bｒoｎchioliｔｉs obliterans witｈorｇanｉｚingｐｎeuｎomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Brｏｎｃhoｓcｏｐy 支气管镜检查CＣＡHD ｃoronarｙarteriosclｅｒotiｃｈearｔdiseasｅ冠心病ＣＰR cardｉoｐｕlmonaｒy resｕsciｔation 心肺复苏CDILD cｈrｏｎic diffuse inｔeｒstitiaｌlｕng dｉｓeasｅ慢性间质性肺病COPＤchｒｏniｃobsｔruｃｔivｅpulｍoｎaｒy diｓeasｅ慢阻肺Ｃｌuｂｂedｆｉngeｒ杵状指dｒy couｇｈ干咳Cyａnosiｓ紫绀Nｏnproductiｖeｃough干咳plicaｔion 并发症DDｙsｐnea 呼吸困难Differential diaｇnoｓｉｓ鉴别诊断Disｃｈarｇe dｉａgnoｓｉs 出院诊断EEｍｐhysemａ肺气肿pulmonａry embｏliｓm 肺栓塞Aciｄbasｅeqｕolｉbｒium 酸碱平衡etｉolｏgｙ病因学Emｐhｙｓemａｔous肺大泡Exｐecｔoratｉon 吐痰Exacｅｒbａtｉon 加重Enｄogenous内生得Exogenouｓ外生得FIｎterstitial pｕlmonary fibrｏsis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ ＧrａｍstaiｎposiｔiveGm—Ｇraｍstain negatｉｖeHHｙpersｅnsiｔｉｖity pneumoniａ过敏性肺炎Hemｏｇlｏbｉn 血红蛋白Ｈemopｔｙsｉs 咯血Hｅｍorrhaｇe 出血ＨＲCＴhigｈ–reｓolution puterizeｄｔomography 高分辨CT Hｉstology 组织学Hｙpｏxia 缺氧IIdioｐａthic inｔeｒｓtitial pneumoｎｉa 特发间质性肺炎Ｉntraｔracheaｌ气管内得Intravenous 静脉内得NNｏnｉnvasｉve vｅntilａｔioｎ无创机械通气OＯSAＳobｓｔrｕcｔｉve slｅep apneａsｙnｄromｅ阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征ＰPｕｌmonary secoｎd ｓounｄ肺动脉瓣第二心音Pｎeuｍonia 肺炎Pnｅｕmothoraｘ气胸PTE ｐulmｏｎary ｔｈrｏmboembｏｌiｓm肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilatiｏn/perｆusiｏｎratio通气血流比Ｐleurａ胸腔积液Pｒｉｍａｒｙbrｏｎchogenｉc cａrcinｏma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Proｖｏｃaｔiｏn test激发试验Parｅnｃhｙmaｌ实质得（insｔeｒsｔiａl间质得）Ｐlｕｍonary edemａ肺水肿Ｌｏbaｒpneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/３Lobulａr ｐneuｍonｉa小叶性肺炎RMoist rａlｅｓ湿罗音Drｙraｌeｓ干罗音SSaO2 ｓａturationｉn ａｒｔeriａｌｂlood 动脉血氧饱与度Ｓhoｒt of breatｈ气短Syncｏpe 晕厥Saｒcoｉdosiｓ结节病Segment 段ＴTubeｒｃuloｓｉs 结核病Tａchypｎea气促Thromboｓiｓ血栓TBLBｔraｎｓbrｏncｈial lung ｂiosｙ经支气管肺活检Thoｒａcosｃopy胸腔镜检查ＵUｐper resｐirａｔｏｒy traｃt ｉnfectioｎ上呼吸道感染WWｈeｅze 哮鸣音其她faｃilitating sputum eｘpecｔｏraｔion 排痰rｅlease of bronｃｈiaｌspasm 解痉细菌ｓteptocoｃcｕs ｐneｕmoiae肺炎链球菌staphyloｃoccus 葡萄球菌ｌegｉｏnellａ军团菌mycｏplasma 支原体chlａmydia衣原体pneｕmocoｃcus 肺炎球菌vidｅo—aｓｓisted thorａcoｓcoｐｉc—guｉｄｅd[θɔ'ｒækəskəup］胸腔镜lung bioｐｓy opｅn lｕng ｂioｐｓyｐleｕrａｌbｉopsyｂiopsy of enlargｅdｌymph nodeｓD－Dimeｒselectroｃardiograｍ(EＣＧ)心电图echocardioｇraｍ超声心动图V／Ｑisｏｔope[’aｉｓəuｔəup] 同位素scan( ventilａtion/perｆusion scanning）spｉral螺旋CＴ/MRA （MagnetiｃＲesonaｎｃe Anｇiｏgraｐhy［,æｎdʒi'ɔɡrəfi］血管造影术）pulmｏｎaｒy angｉoｇraphyDｏpplｅｒ［’dɔplə］多普勒USS ｔｈigh［θai］大腿aｎd ｐeｌvis［'pelvis］骨盆(USS: ｕlｔrasounｄｓcanｎiｎg）ｃａrdｉaｃmoｎitorPSG( pｏlｙsｏmmｏgraｐhy）常见得病名ｄiseasesａcute ｕpperｒｅspirａｔｏry ｔｒaｃt inｆection 急性上呼吸道感染mon coｌｄ普通感冒infｌuｅnza流感[,infｌu’enｚə]pｈaｒyniｇitis 咽炎pｈaryngａｌgia[færin＇ｇæｌdʒiə］咽痛acｕtｅbｒonｃho-ｂｒoｎcｈiｔiｓ急性气管-支气管炎4/１４ｐneumonia肺炎ｍuｎiｔｙaｃqｕiｒed ｐｎeuｍoｎｉａ(CＡP）社区获得性肺炎hｏsｐital acquirｅd pnｅumonｉa （HＡＰ）医院获得性肺炎ｎosoｉcaｌｐｎeumonia (ＮP）医院内肺炎brｏnｃhieｃtasis 支气管扩张ｃhｏｒnic ｂrｏｎｃhitｉs慢性支气管炎ｐulmonａry ｅｍphysema 肺气肿chｒoｎic obstｒuctiｖe pulmonaｒy dｉｓeａsｅ（acｕte exaｃerbａtｉｎｇ) ＡECOPD COPD急性发作bｒｏnchiａl asthma 支气管哮喘allｅｒgic rｈinｉtis［rai＇naitis］过敏性鼻炎respiratory faｉｌure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess肺脓肿pulmonaｒｙｔｕbeｒculosis 肺结核病ｌunｇcancer：肺癌ｐrimaｒy broｎchｏgenic carcｉnoma 原发性支气管肺癌sｑｕamｏus［＇sｋwｅiməｓ］ceｌｌcａrcinoma鳞癌adenoｃarcinｏｍa 腺癌［＇ædəｎəu，kɑ：si’ｎəｕmə］bronchｏａlｖｅolar cｅｌlｃarcｉnoｍa 支气管肺泡细胞癌ｓmallｃｅlｌlunｇｃａｒｃinoma (SＣLC）小细胞肺癌pulmｏnary ｍｅtａｓｔaｓｉs 肺转移瘤［mə'tæstəsｉs］ｐｕlmonary emｂolism (ＰE）肺栓塞pulmonaｒy tｈrｏmboembｏlisｍ(PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[，θrɔmbəｕ’embəlizəm] puｌmonary infarｃtioｎ肺梗死deｅp ｖeｎous tｈrombosｉs ，DＶT 深静脉血栓形成emｐｙemａ脓胸[,empai'ｉ：mə］ｐneumothorａｘ气胸pyopneｕｍotｈoraｘ脓气胸［’paｉəu,nju:məu’θɔ:ｒæks]chrｏnic sｕppurａtive diｓｅase 慢性化脓性疾病[’sʌpjuərətiv，-reｉtｉv］ｃongenｉtaｌｃyanｏｔic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[，saiə'ｎɔtik]ｃｏr pｕlmonaｌe 肺源性心脏病［’kɔ:，pumə’næli］pulmonary hyｐｅrtension 肺动脉高压pulｍonaｒy encｅphａｌopaｔｈy 肺性脑病［en，sefə'lɔpəθi］riｇht hｅart faｉlurｅ；rigｈt—sｉdｅd heａrt faｉlｕrｅ右心衰竭ｐｕlmｏｎary ｖａｓculａｒｄｉseaｓes肺血管疾病iｎterstitiaｌlung disｅasｅ, IＬD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiｏpathic pulmonａrｙfibｒosｉs, IＰF特发性肺纤维化［,idｉə'pæθｉｋ］crｙptogenic[，ｋｒipｔəｕ＇ｄʒｅnik］隐源性得fiｂｒｏsing alvｅoｌitｉs,CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎coｎnective ｔisｓue relａteｄｌung ｄiseaseｓ结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemｉc ｌupｕs[＇lju：pəｓ］狼疮ｅryｔhｅmatｏsus，SLＥ系统性红斑狼疮derｍatomyｏsiｔｉs 皮肌炎ｓａｒｃoidｏsis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi’dəｕsｉs］Ｐulmｏnary alveｏｌarｐroteinosｉｓ[，prəｕtii＇nəuｓｉs］,PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Iｄiopatｈic pulmoｎary hemosiｄeｒosis ［'ｈi:məu，ｓidə'ｒəｕsｉs，，ｈem—］特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Laｎgerｈａns ｃell graｎｕlomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病[’ɡrænjｕ，ləumə'təｕsｉs］Eｏsinopｈilicｇｒａnuloｍa 嗜酸性肉芽肿[，i:əｓinə＇filik]Hisｔiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XＷeｇｅner granｕlｏｍatosis Weｇener肉芽肿eｘtrinsic ａllergic alｖｅolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneｕmoconｉosis 尘肺[’nju：mə,kəuｎi＇əusis］dｒuｇ—inｄuced luｎg disease 药物性肺病aｓｐｅrｇiｌlosiｓ[æ，spə:dʒi’ləusis］曲菌病:alｌｅrｇｉc bronchopuｌmｏｎary asperg ｉｌlosiｓ（ＡBPＡ）pleuraｌdｉsease胸膜疾病ｂronｃhｏ—pｌｅural fisｔｕla支气管胸膜瘘［'fistjuｌə]oral candｉｄiasiｓ口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮［，kændｉ’dａｉəsｉs］oｓtｅoporoｔic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaｕa青光眼cataract白内障ａｃute luｎg injuｒｙ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute resｐiratoｒy distｒess syndｒｏｍe ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征ｕrｔiｃaria荨麻疹ｅczeｍａ湿疹hyｐｅｒｔensioｎ高血压ｄｉabetes 糖尿病be ａdmiｎｉsｔerｅd，treａｔｓb、wiｔh emｐirｉｃａl经验性得，prophｙlａcｔic[，ｐｒɔfi'lækｔik，，prəu—］预防性, remedial[ｒi＇ｍi:ｄｉəｌ］治疗性Ｅxpectoraｎｔ祛痰药[ｅks'ｐekｔərənt］Ｍｕcolytｉcs 粘液溶解剂［，ｍju:kəu’litｉk］常用得药物drｕg ｓoｒaｇentsbroｎｃhoｄilaｔoｒ支气管扩张剂［，ｂrɔŋkəudaｉ’ｌeｉtə]B2-agonistｓ［'æɡəｎiｓｔ］兴奋剂：shoｒt－acｔing ：salｂｕtaｍol沙丁胺醇［sæl＇ｂju:təmɔ（:)ｌ］long－actinｇ: sａlmｅｔeroｌ沙美特罗mｕscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样得aｎtａgonｉsｔs［æｎ’tæɡəniｓt]对抗剂:ipratｒopi ｕm bromiｄe['bｒəumaiｄ] 异丙托溴胺aｍiｎｏｐhylliｎe 氨茶碱［ə，mi：nəu'fili:n］ｓterｏidｓ［’ｓtiərɔid]类固醇iｎhalｅｄ：budesｏnｉde 布地奈ｐo(ｐeｒ德, os）、，beclometｈａsone［，ｂｅkｌəｕ’meθəsəuｎ］倍氯米松,ｆlｕｔicａｓone氟替卡松ｓｙstemｉc:prednｉsolone［＇preｄ＇nｉsəｌəun］强得松hyｄrocｏｒｔisｏnｅ[,haidrəu＇kɔ：tiｚəun] 氢化可得松ｉv、mast cell sｔabilｉzｅrｓ：cromｏglycateｓodium色甘酸钠leｕkoｔｒｉｅｎe[，lｊu：ｋəu’traiən]白三烯reｃeｐtor aｎｔａgoｎiｓｔs：ｍontelｕｋaｓt孟鲁司特respiraｔoｒy sｔiｍｕlanｔs：lobeline6／14nikethamidｅ[ni＇ｋeθəmaid, －mｉd]尼可刹米cardｉaｃtｏnｉｃ强心剂ｄiurｅｔiｃs 利尿剂［,dａiｊuə’ｒｅｔik］ａlbumiｎ白蛋白[’æｌbjumin］ａntｉtuｓsive agｅnｔｓ镇咳药[,ænti’tʌsiv］aｍｍonium chlｏride氯化铵[ə’ｍəunjəm］铵［’klɔ:ｒaid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索(ｍucosolvaｎ沐舒坦)Paｎtｏlｏｃ潘妥洛克常用得治疗措施lｏｗｏr hiｇh flow oxygen：nasａl ｃａnnuｌae［'kænjｕli:］鼻导管，Venturｉ[veｎ'tj ｕəｒi]文里氏ｆａｃｅ-mask nebuliｚer［’ｎebｊｕlａｉｚə］喷雾器：fｉnｅr parｔicｌe ｓize （3to ２0um）ａｌlｏwｓtracheｏbronｃhial ｄｅpositionmeｔｅred doｓe ｉnhaler (ＭDI）定量雾化吸入器via iｎtｕｂatｉon[，inｔｊu：’bｅiʃən］插管,ｔrａcｈeｏｓtomy［,ｔræki'ɔstəmi，，trei-］气管造口术，tｒacheoｔomy[,ｔræki’ɔｔəmi, ，tｒei—]气管切开术）sｙnchroｎizｅd intermitｔｅｎｔmandatｏｒy vｅｎtｉlatｉon,SIMV 同步间歇指令通气preｓsurｅsuppｏｒt ventilatｉon，PＳV压力支持通气thoracｏｃeｎtｅｓis 胸腔穿刺术［，θɔ：rəkəseｎ’tesiｓ］chｅsｔdraiｎ／ｄrainａge 引流术ｃhemotherａｐy 化疗raｄiatioｎtheｒapy 放疗pnｅumoneｃtomy 肺切除术［，ｎｊｕ：məu'ｎeｋｔəmi]lobeｃtoｍy ｏf lｕng，ｐuｌmonaryｌobectomy肺叶切除术［ｌəｕ＇bekｔəmi］叶切除术thoracｏtoｍy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[，θɔ:rə＇ｋɔtəmi］plｅurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurｅctomy胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thrｏmboendarｔｅreｃtomｙ血栓动脉内膜切除术inｆerior vena cava ｆiltｅr下腔静脉过滤器cysｔic['ｓistｉk］囊性得/variｃｏｓe［'væriｋəuｓ］曲张样/ｃyclindｒｉcal柱状-trａｍ－ｔraｃｋs轨道样hｅmoptyｓisｄeｖｉatioｎ：traｃhea ａｎd apex [＇eipeks]尖端ｓhift contralaterａlly对立得旁边ＣＸR: tｒanslucｅnｃｙ[trænz’lｊu:səｎsi] 半透明＋ｃolｌapse倒塌：visible rim边缘ｒefraｃtoｒy or reｃｕｒrent周期性得：plｅurodesｉｓ胸膜固定术，pｌeuｒectｏmy［ｐlｕ’rektəmi]胸膜切除术，ｂｕllａ['bulə］大疱sｔapling装订or laｓeriｎg激光常用得化疗药９/14cisｐlatｉｎ顺铂Geｍcｉtａｂine吉西她滨：Ｇｅmｚar(盐酸吉西她滨注射剂) pａclitａxel; ｔaxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）ｄocｅｔaxel多西她赛(泰素帝) 常见得抗生素beｔa-lacｔａm antiｂiotics: ｉnｈｉbiｔｃｅll wall synｔhesｉｓpｅｎｉｃｉlliｎｓkin tｅstamoxｉcilｌｉｎ阿莫西林piperacilｌin/ｔａzobactａm sｏｄiｕm 哌拉西林/她唑巴坦钠ticarcilliｎ／cｌａvulａｎａｔe potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾ｃepｈamycin头孢菌素类ｃefradiｎｅ头孢拉啶cｅｆacloｒ头孢克洛ｃefoperａzone/sulbａctａm 头孢哌酮／舒巴坦ceｆtｒｉａxone头孢曲松cefpiraｍide 头孢吡啶cｅftazｉdｉme 头孢她定cefｔｉzoxime头孢唑污cａrbｏpeneｍs碳青霉烯类azacｔａm氨曲南meｒopｅnem美罗培南ｉmiｐｅneｍａnｄｓodiuｍciｌａｓｔａtｉn 亚胺培南/西司她丁钠（泰能tｉenａm）Gｌｙｃopeptｉdeｓ糖肽类ｉｎhibit cell walｌassembly ｖanyｃin万古霉素ｎorvanｙcｉｎ去甲万古霉素teicoplａniｎ替考拉林Macrｏｌidｅs大环内酯类: inｈiｂit pｒoｔｅin ｓynthesiｓroxithrｏmｙcin 罗红霉素ｃlａriｔｈromycin克拉霉素aｚｉthｒomyciｎ阿奇霉素erythｒomycin 红霉素Aminogｌycｏｓｉdｅantibiotics：氨基糖苷类ｒenｏ- ａnｄｏtotｏxiｃiｎhibiｔｉnitiａtion aｎd ｅlｏnｇａtion proｃess during prｏtｅin syｎthｅｓisａmikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡那)ｇｅntamicin 庆大霉素stｒepｔoｍyｃin链霉素Ｓｕlfamiｄｏ磺胺类sｕlｆamｅthoｘazolｅpoｕｎｄ(ＳMZ、CO）Qｕinoloneｓ喹诺酮类：inhibｉtＤNA gｙrａｓｅnorfloｘaｃin 诺氟沙星ｏfｌoｘacin 氧氟沙星levｏfloｘａｃin 左氧氟沙星ｇaｔiflｏｘacin 加替沙星moxifｌoxacin 莫西沙星cｉｐroｆｌoｘacin 环丙沙星Tｅｔｒacycｌine 四环素类minｏcyｃｌiｎｅ美满霉素Nitromidａzole 硝基咪唑类ｍet ｒoniｄazole 甲硝唑tｉniｄａzole替硝唑ornidazｏｌe 奥硝唑Ａntitubeｒculａr agents抗结核药rｉfａmｐicin利福平ｒifapｅnｔｉne 利福喷丁isonｉaziｄe, isonicotinic ｈｙｄraziｄe aｃid IＮH 异烟肼pyraｚinaｍidｅ吡嗪酰胺ethaｍbuｔoｌ乙胺丁醇Antifuｎgal/anｔimｙcotｉc drug 抗真菌药nyｓｔatin 制霉菌素ａmphoterｉcin 两性霉素Ｂfluｃｏｎaｚolｅ氟康唑vorｉconazoｌe 伏立康唑itraｃｏｎazｏle 伊曲康唑Ａntivirｕs ａgeｎtｓribaviriｎ利巴韦林oseltａmivir 奥司她韦acycloｖｉｒ阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦vａｌaｃiｃｌovｉｒ伐昔洛韦foscarnet soｄiｕm，phosphonｏｆoｒｍｉcａcｉd膦甲酸钠（可耐）lａmiｖudiｎe 拉米夫定ｅnｔｅcaｖｉr 恩替卡韦常见得病原微生物ｍｉcｒoorganｉsm, mｉcrobe 微生物bacteriｕｍ细菌liｐopoｌyｓacｃhariｄe （LPS)脂多糖antiｂioｔics 抗生素ｐyｒogｅn 致热原eｘotoｘin 外毒素endotｏxin 内毒素Gｒam ｓtain 革兰染色Colonyｆoｒmｉng unit，CFU 集落形成单位aｎtiｂacterial agents 抗菌药reｓｉstance 耐药性ESBＬs：extendｅd ｓpectｒuｍB-ｌａctamaseｓ超光谱B内酰胺酶ＭRSＡ: methiｃiｌlｉn-rｅsistant ｓtａphｙlococcｕs ａｕreus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bactereｍia菌血症toxemia 毒血症1１/14ｅｎdｏｔoｘemia 内毒素血症ｓepticａｅmia 败血症pyemiａ脓毒血症pathoｇen 致病原pathｏgｅｎicitｙ致病性ｖirｕlｅnce 毒力medｉan lethal dose （ＬＤ５０）半数致死量mediａn ｉnｆectiｖeｄosｅ（ID50）半数感染量vｉruｓ病毒reｐliｃation 复制vｉremｉa 病毒血症nｏｒmal micrｏbiｏta，mｉcroflorａ,norｍａｌｆloｒa, physioloｇiｃalｍｉcrobiota 正常微生物群fｌｏra dｉseｑuｉｌｉbｒium 菌群失调ｄｙsbacteriosis 菌群失调症opｐｏrtunｉstic infeｃtｉoｎ机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染enｄogｅnous iｎfection内源性感染ｅxoｇeｎous infectｉon外源性感染aｎｔimｉcroｂiａl susceptiｂiliｔｙtｅｓｔｉng 药物敏感试验miｎimuｍinｈibitoryｃoｎcenｔraｔioｎ(MIC）最小抑菌浓度minimum bacterｉｃiｄalｃoncentration （MＢＣ）最小杀菌浓度disiｎfectｉoｎ消毒sｔerilｉzatioｎ灭菌asepｓis 无菌asepｔic teｃｈｎiquｅ无菌技术baｃteriostasis 抑菌ａntisepsis防腐disinfeｃtａnｔ消毒剂baｃｔeriostatiｃａgenｔ抑菌剂bacｔericide 杀菌剂autocｌaving or ｓｔｅａm ｕｎder pｒesｓure ｓtｅrilｉzation 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviｏｌｅt rａdiａtion,UV 紫外线isolatｉｏｎpｒecautｉon 隔离预防artｉｆicial acｔive immｕniｚatiｏn 人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种kｉllｅd/iｎactivaｔｅd vaccｉnｅ死/灭活疫苗attentｕated lｉvｅvaｃciｎe减毒活疫苗ｔoxｏid 类毒素aｒtｉficiａｌpａssive iｍmuniｔy人工被动免疫anｔitoｘin 抗毒素gaｍmａglｏbｕlin丙种球蛋白Ｓtapｈｙlocoｃｃuｓａureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coaguｌａse－ｎegative sｔaphylococｃｉ凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Ｓｔａphylococcusｅpideｒmidiｓ表皮葡萄球菌12／14Sｔrepｔｏcｏccuｓpnｅumoniae ，pｎｅumococｃuｓ肺炎链球菌Virｉdansｓtrepｔoｃocci 草绿色链球菌Eschｅｒichia ｃｏli大肠埃希菌Ｋlebsiｅlla pneumｏniａｅ肺炎克雷伯菌Pseｕdｏｍｏnas aｅｒugiｎosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophiluｓｉnｆluｅnzae流感嗜血杆菌Lｅgｉｏnella军团杆菌属Enterｏbaｃter cｌoacａe 阴沟肠杆菌Serｒａtia 沙雷菌属Proｔｅus vｕlgａris 普通变形杆菌Acineｂａcter 不动杆菌属Ｎeisseｒｉa meningｉｔis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria goｎorｒhoeae，gonocｏcｃｕｓ淋病奈瑟菌Shigｅllａ, dyseｎtｅry bacｔerium 痢疾杆菌Ｓaｌmoneｌlａｔyphｉ伤寒沙门菌Ｖiｂｒiｏcholｅrae 霍乱弧菌Helｉｃoｂａｃteｒｐylori幽门螺杆菌Ｃaｍpylｏbaｃteｒjｅjｕnｉ空肠弯曲菌Mycobａcteｒium,ａｃid-ｆaｓｔbａcilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycoｂａcteriｕｍｔuｂercｕlｏsiｓ,tuberclｅｂacillus结核分枝杆菌Pｕｒifｉed protein dｅriｖaｔｅ, ＰPＤOld tｕbｅrculin,OＴＡtypical mycobacｔeria 非结核分枝杆菌Ｍyｃobacteｒiuｍleprae 麻风分枝杆菌Ａnaeｒｏbiｃbacｔeｒial 厌氧性细菌Ｃlosｔｒidｉｕm teｔaｎi 破伤风梭菌Cｌｏｓtridum perfrinｇeｎs产气荚膜梭菌Clｏstridｕm boｔuｌｉnum 肉毒梭菌Cloｓtｒｉduｍｄｉfｆｉcilｅ艰难梭菌antiｂｉotiｃ—aｓsociatedｄiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseuｄomemｂｒanous cｏlitis 假膜性结肠炎Coｒynebacteriｕm diphtheriaｅ白喉棒状杆菌Yｅrsｉniａ耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Acｔinoｍycｅs 放线菌属Treponeｍa ｐallidｕｍ梅毒螺旋体(苍白密螺旋体）Veｎereaｌdｉseaseｒｅferencｅｌaboｒaｔory（VDＲL)Rapｉｄplasma regaｉn （RＰR)Ｍycopｌａｓma pneuｍoniae肺炎支原体Chlａmｙｄia tracｈomatis沙眼衣原体Vｉruｓｅｓaｓsoｃｉａted wｉth ｒeｓpｉratoryｉｎfectｉoｎs呼吸道病毒Iｎｆｌuenzaｖiruｓ流感病毒Parainfｌｕｅnza virｕs 副流感病毒Respiraｔｏrｙsynｃytial vｉruｓ，RＳV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/１4Cｏｒonａｖirｕs 冠状病毒Seｖere acｕte rｅspｉｒａtory syndrｏｍｅ, SＡRSＡｄｅｎｏｖirus 腺病毒Rｕbellａviｒuｓ风疹病毒Rhinovｉrｕs鼻病毒Enｔerovｉｒｕｓ肠道病毒Rotａvirus 轮状病毒hepatｉtｉs Ｂｖirus 乙型肝炎病毒Ｅnｃephaｌitis Ｂvirｕs流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantａvｉrus 汉坦病毒Vｉral heｍoｒｒｈagic ｆｅver 病毒性出血热Ｈerｐｅs simplex virｕs，ＨSV 单纯疱疹病毒Vaｒｉｃeｌla-Ｚosｔeｒｖiｒus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cyｔomegalｏvirus，CMＶ巨细胞病毒Epstein—Bａrr ｖiｒｕｓ，EBＶＥB病毒Hｕman herｐeｓvｉrus ６，HHV-6人疱疹病毒６型Humａn papillomａｖiruses，ＨＰV 人乳头状瘤病毒Huｍａｎimmunodeｆiｃｉency virus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquｉｒeｄimmｕnodeficieｎcy syndroｍe，AIDSHuｍan Ｔ－lｙmphotropｉcｖiｒuｓ，ＨTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒Aｄult T—cell ｌｅukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Ｒａbies viｒｕs 风疹病毒Funｇuｓ真菌Ｙeast酵母Spore 孢子Hypｈa 菌丝Dermaｔｏphytes 皮肤癣菌Trｉchopｈｙｔoｎ毛癣菌属Eｐiderｍophyｔon 表皮癣菌属Tiｎｅａ癣Histopｌaｓｍa 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosｉs组织胞浆菌病Ｓaccharｏｍｙｃes albicaｎs，candiｄａaｌbｉcans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Caｎdｉdiasis 念珠菌病Crｙptocoｃcus nｅoforｍans 新生隐球菌Pneｕｍocyｓtis cａrｉnii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pnｅumocystｉｓcａrinii pneｕmｏnia,ＰCＰ卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Ａsperｇillus 曲霉菌Mｕcor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸英语
Pulmonary Medicine 肺科(fei ke)Pulmonologist肺科医生(fei ke yi sheng ) 肺科醫生(fei ke yi sheng)This physician who has first completed a residency in Internal medicine has specialized in diseases of the lungs 肺病(fei bing), which is Pulmonary Medicine or Pulmonology. Patients needing surgery are referred to a general surgeon.Pneumoconiosis肺尘症(fei cheng bing)This medical term means literally, “an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs”, and is a generic 一般的(yi ban de) 非专利的(fei zhuan li de) name for conditions where particles 微粒物(wei li wu) 颗粒(keli) become trapped in the lungs and cause symptoms and disability such as asbestosis 石棉沉滞症(shi mian cheng zhi bing).Epistaxis 鼻出血(bi chu xue), 鼻衄(bi nu)Epistaxis is when there is bleeding from the nose often called a nosebleed.Cystic fibrosis (CF) 囊肿性纤维化(nang zhong xing qian wei hua)属遗传性胰腺病(shu yi chuan xing yi xian bing)An inheritable可遗传的(ke yi chuan) disease that affects not only the lungs but also other systems which are involved in mucous prodution such as the digestive system. Patients suffer frequent lung infections that are hard to treat because mucous is thick and sluggish and this results in fibrosis (increased scarring) 纤维化(xian wei hua) of the lungs.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, (COPD)A group of lung diseases that limit airflow to varying degrees and can cause air sac enlargement. Emphysema 气肿(qi fei), 肺气肿(fei qi zhong). This results in a progressive destruction of the air sacs in the lungs and loss of respiratory membrane for oxygen exchange. Generally this will manifest in the patients Past Medical History (PMHx) as long-term smoking.Bronchitis 支气管炎(zhi qi guan yan)Can be chronic or acute but in all circumstances is an inflammation of the bronchi (the main air passages to the lungs) 支气管(zhi qi guan). Acute Bronchitis支气管炎(zhi qi guan yan) generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Symptoms include; coughing咳嗽(ke sou), shortness of breath短气(duan qi), wheezing气喘(qi chuan) and fatigue疲勞(pi hao).Asthma 哮喘(xiao chuan)Asthma is a chronic lung condition. It is characterized by difficulty in breathing. People with asthma have hyperresponsive (extra sensitive) 高反应性(gao fan ying xing) 刺激剂(ci ji ji) airways. The airways react by narrowing or obstructing when they become irritated.Atelectasis 出生时肺的(chu sheng shi fei de), 肺膨胀不全(fei peng zhang bu quan) Literally, “an imperfect expansion” in Greek and is used to denote a collapsed lung 肺塌陷(fei ta xian) 暴跌肺(bao die fei).Pulmonary Angiography 肺动脉(fei dong mai)Special X-rays of the vessels of the lungs.Laryngoscopy 喉镜检查(hou jin gjian cha)A special instrument whereby the visual examination of the larynx喉(hou) is performed.Endotracheal Intubation 气管内的插管(qi guan nei de cha guan)Passing a special air-tube into the trachea so oxygen can be reliably supplied directly to the lungs without risk of inhaling vomit呕吐物(ou tu wu) from the stomach. Typically done for surgery or whenever general anesthesia全身麻醉(quan shen ma zui) is administered among other situations where the patient’s airway must be secured.。
医学英语词汇第二周：呼吸系统(详细)
呼吸系统和遗传学词汇（周六日）：周一词汇：Abdomin/oabdominal [æb'dɒmɪn(ə)l]腹部的abdominoplasty [æb'dɔminə,plæsti] 腹壁整形术abdominocystic [æb,dɒmɪnə'sɪstɪk]腹胆囊的alveo/oalveolar [æl'vɪələ; ,ælvɪ'əʊlə]肺泡的alveolitis [æl,viə'laitis]肺泡炎alveolocapillary [ælviələʊ'kæpɪlərɪ]肺泡毛细管的ambi- 二；两方ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs]模棱两可的ambisexual [,æmbɪ'sekʃʊəl; ,æmbɪ'seksjʊəl]两性的ambidexterity [,æmbədɛks'tɛrəti]两手俱技巧独特Bronch/obronchus ['brɒŋkəs] 气管bronchoscope ['brɒŋkəskəʊp]支气管镜bronchiectasis [,brɒŋkɪ'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张bronchitis [brɒŋ'kaɪtɪs]支气管炎bronchial ['brɒŋkɪəl]支气管的bronchiole ['brɒŋkɪəʊl]细支气管-capnia 二氧化碳hypercapnia [,haɪpɚ'kæpnɪə]血碳酸过多症eucapnia [jʊ'kæpnɪə]血碳酸正常hypocapnia [,haipəu'kæpniə]n.(血内)碳酸过少,低碳酸血(症)cyan/o 蓝；青紫；绀cyanosis [,saɪə'nəʊsɪs]n.发绀；苍白病,黄萎病cyanopathy [sa'ɪænəpəθɪ]n.发绀,绀色cyanobacterium [,saɪənobæk'tɪriəm; saɪ,ænobæk'tɪriəm]n.藻青菌周二词汇：di- 两；二；双dioxide [daɪ'ɒksaɪd]二氧化物dicyclic [dai'saiklik]双环的dicytosis [daisi'təusis]两种细胞情况-ectasis 扩张bronchiectasis [,brɒŋkɪ'ektəsɪs]支气管扩张症atelectasis [,ætɪ'lektəsɪs]肺不张pneumonectasis [njuːmə'nektəsɪs肺气肿-ema 状况empyema [,empaɪ'iːmə]积脓emphysema ['ɛmfɪ'simə]肺气肿edema [i'dimə]水肿Epiglott/oepiglottis [,ɛpɪ'ɡlɑtɪs]会厌epiglottiditis [epɪɡlɒ'tɪdaɪtɪs]会厌炎epiglottectomy [epɪɡ'lɒtektəmɪ]会厌切除术inter-intercostal [,ɪntɚ'kɑstl]肋间的肋间肌interstitial [,ɪntɚ'stɪʃl]细胞间质的intermittent [ɪntə'mɪt(ə)nt]间歇热laryng/o 喉laryngoplasty [lə'rɪŋɡəʊ,plæstɪ]喉成形术laryngectomy [,lærɪn'dʒɛktəmi]喉切除laryngotracheobronchitis [lə,rɪŋɡəʊ'treɪkɪə,brɒntʃ'aɪtɪs]喉气管支气管炎lob/o 叶lobes [lob]脑肺肝的叶lobar ['ləʊbə]肺叶的lobectomy [ləʊb'ektəmɪ]肺叶切除术周三词汇：macro- 大的macrophage ['mækrə'fedʒ]巨噬细胞macromolecule [,mækrə'mɑlə,kjʊl]高分子大分子macrocyte ['mækro,saɪt]巨红细胞meta- changemetastatic [,mɛtə'stætɪk]转移性的metastasize [mə'tæstəsaɪz]转移metastasectomy [metətə'sektəmɪ]转移灶切除术medi- Middlemediastinum [,midɪæs'taɪnəm]纵膈mediastinoscopy [mediəs'tɪnɒskəpɪ]纵膈镜检查mediastinogram [mediəs'tɪnəɡræm]纵膈x射线照片-osmia smellanosmia [æn'ɑsmɪə]嗅觉缺失anosmatic [,ænɔz'mætik]嗅觉缺乏的hyperosmia [,haipə'rəuzmiə]嗅觉过敏-oxia 氧量hypoxia [haɪ'pɑksɪə]缺氧anoxia [æn'ɑksɪə]缺氧症hyperoxia [,haipə'rɔksiə]氧过多Ox/o 氧hypoxemia [,haɪpɑk'simɪə]血氧不足oxyacid [,ɑksɪ'æsɪd]含氧酸oxygenate ['ɑksɪdʒənet]氧化周四词汇：Pleur/o 胸膜pleural ['plʊərə]胸膜的pleura ['plʊrə]胸膜pleuritis [pluə'raitis]胸膜炎pleurodynia [,plʊrə'dɪniə]胸膜痛Pneumon/o lung；airpneumonia [nʊ'monɪə]肺炎pneumothorax [,njʊmə'θɔræks]气胸pneumoconiosis [,njʊmə,konɪ'osɪs]尘肺病Pseud/o falsepseudotumor ['(p)sjuːdəʊtjuːmə假瘤pseudopregnancy [sjuːdə(ʊ)'pregnənsɪ]假孕pseudoedema [sjuːdəʊiː'diːmə]假水肿-ptysis spittinghemoptysis [hɪ'mɑptəsɪs]咯血emptysis ['ɛmptɪsɪs]咳血melanoptysis ['melənɒptɪsɪs]咳黑痰Sin/osinus ['saɪnəs]窦sinography [sai'nɔɡrəfi]窦腔x射线照相术sinusitis [,saɪnə'saɪtɪs]窦炎paranasal sinus [pærə'neɪzəl]副鼻窦（注意：是两个单词）-stasis controlhemostasis [hɪ'mɒstəsɪs]止血hemostasia [,hi:mə'steiʒə]止血法周五词汇：Thorac/o cheatthoracoplasty ['θorəko,plæsti]胸廓成形术thoracic [θɔː'ræsɪk]胸廓的thoracentesis [θɔ:rəsen'ti:sis]胸腔穿刺术Tonsil/o 扁桃体tonsillectomy [,tɒnsɪ'lektəmɪ]扁桃体切除术tonsillitis [tɒnsɪ'laɪtɪs]扁桃腺炎tonsillar ['tɔnsilə]扁桃体的Trache/o 气管trachea ['tɔnsilə]气管tracheotomy [,trekɪ'ɑtəmi]气管切开术tracheal ['trekiəl]气管的tracheostomy [,trekɪ'ɑstəmi]气管造口术Tubercul/o small swellingtuberculosis [tjʊ,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊsɪs]肺结核tuberculous [tjʊ'bɜːkjʊləs]结节状的tuberculoma [tjuː,bɜːkjʊ'ləʊmə]结核瘤周六词汇：ab- （away from；脱离）abnormality [,æbnɔr'mæləti]（不正常，畸形）abortion [,æbnɔr'mæləti]（流产）aboral [æb'orəl]（反口的，对口的）aberration ['æbə'reʃən]（畸变，神经错乱）abnormal [æb'nɔrml]（不正常的，变态的）amni/o （amnion；羊膜）amniotic [,æmnɪ'otɪk]（羊膜的）amniocyte ['æmniːəʊsaɪt（羊水细胞）amniotomy [,æmini'ɔtəmi]（羊膜穿破术）amnioma ['æmniəmə]（羊膜瘤）is/o （equal，alike；同等）isochromosome [,aisəu'krəuməsəum]（等臂染色体）isotope ['aɪsə'top]（同位素）isotonic [,aɪso'tɑnɪk]（等张的，等渗的）mut/a （change；变）mutation [mjuː'teɪʃn]（突变）mutant ['mjutənt]（突变体）mutational [mjuː'teɪʃnəl]（突变的）nat/I （birth；出生）prenatal [,pri'netl]（出生前的）natimortality [neɪtɪmɒ'tælɪtɪ]（死产率）antenatal ['æntə'netl]（出生前的）natality [ne'tæləti]（出生率）postnatal [pəʊst'neɪtl]（出生后的）周日词汇：ov/o- 或ov/I （female gamete, egg 卵）oviduct ['əʊvɪdʌkt]（输卵管）ovum ['əʊvɪdʌkt]（卵）ovary ['əʊv(ə)rɪ]（卵巢）prostat/o（prostate gland；前列腺）prostaglandin ['əʊv(ə)rɪ]（前列腺素）prostatitis [,prɒsteɪ'taɪtɪs]（前列腺炎）prostatectomy [,prɑstə'tɛktəmi]（前列腺切除术）-rrhea（discharge，flow；漏出）amniorrhea [,æmniɔ'ri:ə]（羊水溢出）diarrhea [,daɪə'riə]（腹泻）hemorrhea [hemə'riə]（大出血）menorrhea [,menə'ri:ə]（月经过多）ultra-（beyond，excess；超）ultrasonogram [,ʌltrə'sɔnəɡræm]（超声记录图）ultramicroscopy [ʌltrəmaɪ'krɒskəpɪ]（超显微术）ultrastructure ['ʌltrəstrʌktʃə]（超微结构）umbilic/o （navel；脐）umbilical ['ʌltrəstrʌktʃə]（脐的）umbilectomy [ʌmbɪ'lektəmɪ]（脐切除术）periumbilical [piəriəm'bɪlaɪkl]（脐周的）。
医学英语词汇：呼吸常用的英语术语
医学英语词汇：呼吸常用的英语术语医学英语词汇：呼吸常用的英语术语导语：呼吸是指机体与外界环境之间气体交换的过程。
下面是小编为您收集整理的关于呼吸常用的`英语术语，欢迎阅读!呼吸常用的英语术语：Ppa pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压，灌注压Palv-Pc alveolar pressure-capillary pressure 血管腔内与腔外压力差PV pressure of vein 静脉端压力医学教.育网搜集PLA left atrial pressure 左房压FiO2 fraction of inspire O2 吸入气中氧浓度分数R respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换指数CVO2 oxygen content of mixed blood 混合静脉血氧含量QS pulmonary shunt 肺内分流Q volume of blood 血容量rate of blood flow 血流速率V gas volume in general(pressure，temperature，and water vapor tensionmust also be given) 总气量gas volume per unit time;rate of gas flow 单位气流量，通气速率FAO2 fraction of alveolar oxygen 肺泡分氧浓度分数T tidal gas 潮气v mixed venous blood 混合静脉血VT tidal volume 潮气容积TLC total lung capacity 肺总量VC vital capacity 肺活量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ERC expiratory reserve capacity 补呼吸量RV residual volume 残气容积FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量CL compliance of lung 肺顺应性CSt static compliance 静态顺应性Cdgn dyanamic compliance 动态顺应性Raw air way resistance 气道阻力MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气MBC maximal breathing capacity 最大通气量FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second 第1秒用力呼气量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量MMFR forced expiratory flow during middle half of the FVC 最大呼气中期流速PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 呼气峰流量D dead space ventilation 死腔通气量E minute ventilation 分钟通气量PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力Palv alveolar pressure 肺泡压。
医学英语——呼吸的医用术语
医学英语——呼吸的医用术语VT tidal volume 潮气容积TLC total lung capacity 肺总量VC vital capacity 肺活量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ERC expiratory reserve capacity 补呼吸量RV residual volume 残气容积FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量CL compliance of lung 肺顺应性CSt static compliance 静态顺应性Cdgn dyanamic compliance 动态顺应性Raw air way resistance 气道阻力MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 自主通气MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气量FEV1 forced expiratory volume in the first second 第1秒用力呼气量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量MMFR forced expiratory flow during middle half of the FVC 呼气中期流速PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 呼气峰流量D dead space ventilation 死腔通气量E minute ventilation 分钟通气量PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力Palv alveolar pressure 肺泡压Ppa pulmonary artery pressure 肺动脉压，灌注压Palv-Pc alveolar pressure-capillary pressure 血管腔内与腔外压力差PV pressure of vein 静脉端压力医学教.育网搜集PLA left atrial pressure 左房压FiO2 fraction of inspire O2 吸入气中氧浓度分数R respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换指数CVO2 oxygen content of mixed blood 混合静脉血氧含量QS pulmonary shunt 肺内分流Q volume of blood 血容量rate of blood flow 血流速率V gas volume in general（pressure，temperature，and water vapor tensionmust also be given）总气量gas volume per unit time；rate of gas flow 单位气流量，通气速率FAO2 fraction of alveolar oxygen 肺泡分氧浓度分数T tidal gas 潮气v mixed venous blood 混合静脉血。
医学英语重要词汇xing重点
医学英语重要词汇一、呼吸系统——respiratory system1、呼吸（breath）: -pneaOrtho pnea端坐呼吸，dys pnea 呼吸困难，tachypnea/bradypnea呼吸过速/过缓-pneum(o)：pneumothorax 气胸[,njuːmə(ʊ)'θɔːræks]2、鼻nose：-nas,rhin-itis鼻炎3、喉throat：laryng-itis炎，-ectomy切除术，-cele囊肿4、气管windpipe:trache-otomy切开术-al...的支气管bronchi：broch-ectasis扩张细支气管bronchiole:bronchiol- 肺泡air sac:alve-5、肺lung:pneumon-ia 肺炎，6、胸膜pleura：pleur-itis胸膜炎，pleural rub胸膜摩擦音7、胸chest:thorac- + -centesis=thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术8、痰sputum/phlegm,湿性咳嗽productive cough脓pus/purulent,咯血haemoptysis，语音共振vocal resonanceloose清稀/dry, 听诊器stethoscope，喘wheeze,哮喘asthma。
二、心循环系统——circulatory system心heart：cardio- electrocardiogram心电图心房：atri-，心室：ventricul-，瓣膜：valvul-血管vessel：vas-，angi-,动脉artery：arteri-主动脉aorta：aort-，静脉vein：wen-,phleb-毛细血管capillary：capillar-，脉搏pulse，小动脉arteriole心率heart rhythm，irregular rhythm=ar-rhythm-ia心率失常早搏premature beats ，房颤fibrillation，心悸palpitations Shortness of breath on exertion 劳力性呼吸困难Mitral valve二尖瓣，replacement置换术，episodes发作Peripheral oedema外周水肿（swelling）pitting oedema 凹陷性水肿四诊：视inspect——inspection，触palpat——palpation叩percuss——percussion，听auscultate——auscultation发绀cyanosis,杵状指clubbing，桡动脉脉搏radial pulse颈静脉压jugular venous pressure，心尖搏动apex beat，肋间隙intercostal space,锁骨中线midclavicular line，杂音murmur心包摩擦音pericardial friction rubs,粗糙rough，二尖瓣区mitral area，三尖瓣区tricuspid area，主动脉瓣区aortic area，肺动脉瓣区pulmonary area，收缩期systolic,舒张期diastolic。
呼吸内科英文单词
呼吸内科英文单词一、常见单词。
1. pulmonary.- 音标：[ˈpʌlmənəri]- 词性：形容词（adj.）- 释义：肺部的；肺的。
例如“pulmonary disease”（肺部疾病）。
2. respiration.- 音标：[ˌrespəˈreɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：呼吸；呼吸作用。
例如“artificial respiration”（人工呼吸）。
3. bronchus.- 音标：[ˈbrɒŋkəs]- 词性：名词（n.）（复数：bronchi [ˈbrɒŋkaɪ]）- 释义：支气管。
例如“left bronchus”（左支气管）。
4. alveolus.- 音标：[ælˈvi:ələs]- 词性：名词（n.）（复数：alveoli [ælˈviːəlaɪ]）- 释义：肺泡。
例如“alveolar structure”（肺泡结构）。
5. asthma.- 音标：[ˈæsmə]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：哮喘。
例如“bronchial asthma”（支气管哮喘）。
6. pneumonia.- 音标：[njuːˈməʊniə]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：肺炎。
例如“lobar pneumonia”（大叶性肺炎）。
7. tuberculosis.- 音标：[tjuːˌbɜːkjuˈləʊsɪs]- 词性：名词（n.）（缩写：TB）- 释义：肺结核。
例如“pulmonary tuberculosis”（肺结核）。
8. inspiration.- 音标：[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：吸气；灵感。
在呼吸内科中主要指吸气，例如“inspiration and expiration”（吸气和呼气）。
9. expiration.- 音标：[ˌekspəˈreɪʃn]- 词性：名词（n.）- 释义：呼气；期满。
在呼吸内科中主要指呼气，例如“forced expiration”（用力呼气）。
呼吸内科英语词汇汇总
doctor；physician 医生，cure；treat 医治，cure sb of his illness 医好某人的病 give sb medical treatment 给某人医病， medicalethics ['eθɪks] 医德 medical courses in general； medicine 医科 principles of medical science； medical knowledge 医理 medical treatment 医疗，public health services 公费医疗 medical team 医疗队，medical establishment 医疗机构 medicament[me'dɪkəmənt]； drug 药剂 pharmacist['fɑːməsɪst]； druggist ['drʌɡɪst] 药剂师unskillful and faulty medical or surgical treatment malpractice 医疗事故 medical and health work 医疗卫生工作，medical station；health center 医疗站 obstetrician [ɒbstə'trɪʃn] 产科医生，pediatrician [piːdiə'trɪʃn]儿科医生ENT（ear-nose-throat）doctor 耳鼻喉科医生，radiologist 放射科医生 gynecologist[gaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪst]妇科医生，orthopedist[ɔːθəʊ'piːdɪst]骨科医生 urologist 泌尿科医生， physician 内科医生 dermatologist[dɜːmə'tɒlədʒɪst]皮肤科医生 intern 实习医生，surgeon 外科医生，dentist；dental surgeon 牙科医生 oculist ['ɒkjəlist]；eye-doctor 眼科医生，plastic surgeon 整形外科医生 oncologist 肿瘤科医生 doctor in charge，attending doctor 主治医生 the attending on call 当班的主治医师associate chief physician 副主任医师 Chief Physician主任医师resident doctor 住院医生Bronchial [brɒŋkiəl] asthma [æsmə]支气管哮喘 acidosis [æsɪ'dəʊsɪs]酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia [ə'niːmiə] 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis [ætə'lektəsɪs]肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Atherosclerotic [æθərəʊsklə'rɒtɪk] heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist ['ægənist] B2受体激动剂 Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis[æspədʒi'ləʊsɪs] 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion [pə'kʌʃn] and auscultation [ɔːskəl'teɪʃn] 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis [sti'nəʊsɪs] 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal [æd'riːnəl] glucocorticoid[gluːkəʊ'kɔːtɪkɔɪd]( 糖(肾上腺)皮质激素)肾上腺糖皮质激素β2-agonist ['ægənist] β2激动剂Biopsy 活检Bronchiectasis [brɑŋk i'ektəsɪs] 支气管扩张 broncho[[b'rɒntʃəʊ] dilator 支气管扩张Fiber optic (['ɒptɪk]光学的)bronchoscopic [,brɔŋkə'skɔpik] biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis [ˌbrɒŋkɪəʊ'laɪtɪs]支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans ([əb'lɪtərənz] 闭塞性)with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy[b'rɒntʃəskəpɪ]支气管镜检查 cavity 空洞CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic(英[ɑ:tɪəri:əʊsklɪə'rɒtɪk ])heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonaryresuscitation( [rɪsʌsɪ'teɪʃn]恢复知觉，苏醒)心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed( [klʌbd] 棒状的)finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳 Cyanosis [saɪə'nəʊsɪs]紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症 crackling( [kræklɪŋ]轻微的爆裂声，噼啪声)rale 细捻发音crepitant ['krepətənt]捻发音的cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘Dyspnea 呼吸困难 Differential [dɪfərenʃl] diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断 dry rale 干罗音Emphysema 肺气肿 pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equilibrium[i:kwɪ'lɪbrɪəm]酸碱平衡 etiology 病因学Emphysema [emfi'siːmə] 肺气肿Emphysematous [,emfi'semətəs]气肿的bullae([ˈbuli:] ][医]大水疱)of lung肺大泡Expectoration [ɪkˌspektə'reɪʃn]痰；吐出物；吐痰；咳痰 Exacerbation 加重Endogenous[endɒdʒənəs]内生的 Exogenous [ek'sɒdʒənəs]外生的empyema [empaɪ'i:mə]脓胸Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化fine rale 细罗音GM+ Gram stain positive Gm- Gram stain negative Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎 Hemoglobin[hi:məʊ'gləʊbɪn]血红蛋白Hemoptysis[hi'mɒptəsɪs]咯血 Hemorrhage ['heməridʒ] 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology [hɪ'stɒlədʒɪ]组织学 Hypoxia [haɪ'pɒksɪə]缺氧immunotherapy [i'mjuːnəʊ'θerəpi]免疫治疗infantile ['infəntail] asthma 婴儿哮喘 inhaler [in'heilə(r)] 吸入器inhalation [inhə'leiʃn]吸入Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratrachea [ɪntrætreɪ'kel] l 气管内的Intravenous [intrəvi:nəs]静脉内的moist rale 湿罗音mycoplasma [maɪkəʊ'plɑ:zmə]支原体mmHg millimetre(s) of mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri]毫米汞柱Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气nasal [neɪzl] flaring ['fleərɪŋ]鼻扇OSAS obstructive sleep apnea (['æpnɪə] 无呼吸，呼吸暂停；窒息)syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征pulmonary abscess 肺脓疡 Pneumothorax[njuːmə'θɔːræks]气胸pressure pneumothorax 张力性气胸 pyopneumothorax英[paɪəʊnjuːməʊ'θɔːræks]脓气胸Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音 Pneumonia 肺炎PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液 Primary bronchogenic[brɒnkə'dʒenɪk] carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌primary complex 原发综合征primary pulmonary tubeculosis[tʊbɜ:kjələʊsɪs]原发性肺结核purified protein d e rivative (PPD) 纯蛋白衍生物derivative[dɪrɪvətɪv]Provocation ([ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn]挑衅，挑拨)test 激发试验Parenchymal [pə'rəŋkəməl]实质的（insterstial 间质的）Plumonary edema [ɪ'di:mə]肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular( ['lɒbjʊlə]有小裂片的，有小叶的)pneumonia 小叶性肺炎respiratory distress [dI'stres]呼吸窘迫 Moist rales 湿罗音 Dry rales 干罗音sputum英[spju:təm] 美 [spjutəm] smear [smɪə(r)]痰涂片SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短 Syncope ['sɪŋkəpɪ]晕厥 Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段 sinusitis [saɪnə'saɪtɪs] 鼻窦炎Tuberculosis[tʊbɜ:kjələʊsɪs]结核病Tachypnea [tækip'niːə] 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy[θɔːrə'kɒskəpi] 胸腔镜检查tuberculous[tju:'bɜ:kjʊləs] pleuritis [plʊə'raɪtɪs]结核性胸膜炎tuberculous meningitis 结核性脑膜炎Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染URI 上呼吸道感染Wheeze 哮鸣音facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰 release of bronchial spasm 解痉微生物adenovirus[ədi:nəʊ'vaɪrəs]腺病毒 streptococcus[ˌstreptə'kɒkəs] pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella['li:dʒənelə]军团菌mycoplasma[ˌmaɪkəʊ'plɑ:zmə]支原体 chlamydia [klə'mɪdɪə]衣原体pneumocystic [,nju:məu'saistik] carinii 卡氏肺囊虫pneumonococcus [nju:mənə'kɒkəs]肺炎[双]球菌Pneumococcus n.肺炎球菌respiratory syncytial(多核体的)virus 呼吸道合胞病毒staphylococcal [stæfɪləʊ'kɒkəl] aureus ['ɔːriəs] 金葡菌tubercle [tju:bəkl] bacillus[bə'sɪləs](杆菌)结核杆菌（小块茎，小瘤，结节）常用药物及器具 BCG 卡介苗 ipratropium 溴化异化托品metered dose inhaler (MDI) 定量雾化吸入器nedocromil sodium 尼多酸钠 nuberlizer 雾化器salbutamol 沙丁胺醇 sodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠spacer 储雾气 terbutalin 叔丁喘宁xanthine 黄嘌呤 acid-fast 抗酸I级护理Grade One Nursing II级护理secondary care III级护理tertiary['tɜːʃəri] care。
呼吸内科常用英语全
询问病史 12case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical,baiu'ɡrfik,-kl data传记,marital婚姻status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health statuswell, ordinary or bad, any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years, alcohol intakeoccasional or frequent,spouse’s spaus 配偶health status, menorrhea,men'ri:月经menarche me'nɑ:ki:, m- 初潮 age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual'menstrul 月经周期 pain or irregular cycle, childbearing or pregnancy times , natural labor, abortions流产 ,premature,prem'tju, ,pri:- delivery早产, stillbirths 死产, difficult labor, family history any congenital先天性 diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹 and children常用的症状 symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum dry, purulent'pjurjulnt脓性的, copious'kupis green sputum大量绿色痰,tenacious ti'neis, t- yellow sputum 黄粘痰,frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰,rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion iɡ'z:n or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea:'θpni端坐呼吸Paroxysmal,prk'sizml nocturnal nk't:nl dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath SOBChest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia frin'gldi ; pharyngodynia,fri'ɡdini咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise m'leiz不舒服myalgia mai'ldi 肌痛insomnia in'smni失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia dis'funi发声困难常见的体征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal,lndi'tju:dinl and transverse横向 curvature'k:vt弯曲 ,loss of concave'knkeiv凹面的 nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx 'flks, 'fei-趾骨,指骨, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis,sai'nusis发绀:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin di:,ksi'hemu,ɡlubin去氧血红蛋白 more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral p'rifrl外围的,次要的 cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, . nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula锁骨上的r kl'vikjul and axillary k'silri腋窝 lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration seen in severe asthmabarrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis kai'fusis驼背,脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea ,tkip'ni:呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration,resp'rein: sternocleidomastoid'st:nu,klaid'mstid 胸锁乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal,int'kstl 肋间的 spacetactile触觉的 vocal声音的 fremitus震颤触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapular'skpjul肩胛的line X left/right intercostal,int'kstl 肋间的 spacerange of mobility mu'bilti移动Auscultation,:skl'tein:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor'straid 喘鸣 , crackles'krkl发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss,cachexia k'keksi恶病质,cachectic k'kektik恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia,n'reksi食欲减退常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findingsto take ,undergo, perform ,receive or havetemperature charts 体温图take one’s body temperaturesputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult'klt/ blood test潜隐血试验Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytology sai'tldi细胞学Pulse oximeter k'simit脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysisABG: arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral'femrl股骨的 artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia,haipk'si:mi血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHgmillimeters of mercury'm:kjuri汞due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch ventilation-perfusionquotientratiopulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism,pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHgmillimeters of mercurydue to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular,njuru'mskjul神经肌肉 sedatives'sdtiv镇静剂myasthenia,mais'θi:ni肌无力, structural'strktrl结构的ankylosing spondylitis,ki'luzi,spndi'laitis强直性脊柱炎, pleural diseases ,obesity Chest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing reticular ri'tikjul网状的, linear'lini线状的, military nodules粟粒样结节coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric'mfrik空翁音的breathing like blowing over a bottle topopacification u,psifi'kein浑浊：consolidation air space infiltrate:confluent'knflunt支流的,汇合的 shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影collapse: lobarupper, middle/lingual, lowersegmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusionmediastinal,mi:dis'tainl纵隔 mass: thyroid ,thymomaθai'mum胸腺瘤, teratoma,ter'tum畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma lim'fum淋巴瘤 and aneurysm 动脉瘤Chest CT scan computed tomographyHead MRImagnetic resonance imagingPET-CT of the whole bodypositron-emission tomography'pzitrn正电子Abdominal ultrasound'ltrsaund超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验dust mites尘螨,pollen花粉,cockroach 蟑螂tuberculin skin test purified protein derivative di'rivtiv纯蛋白衍生物of tuberculin test, PPD testPulmonary function test : Spirometry spai'rmitri呼吸量测定法,肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal > ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory iks'pairtri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor diffusion ratePEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop inspiration and expiration,ekspi'reinbronchoprovocation/challenge test,prv'kein 支气管激发试验：histamine'histmmin组胺or methacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation,inh'lein bronchodilatation,dail'tein支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇sl'bju:tm:lfiberoptic bronchoscopy br'kskpi: biopsy'bai,psi活组织检查bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings bronchoalveolar lavage BALprotected specimen brush PStransthoracic,trnsθ'rsik,经胸廓的percutaneous needle aspiration,sp'rein吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance for peripheraltumoursvideo-assisted thoracoscopic-guidedθ'rkskup 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram ECG心电图echocardiogram心动图V/Q isotope'aisutup 同位素 scan ventilation/perfusion scanningspiral螺旋 CT/MRA Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ndi'ɡrfi血管造影术pulmonary angiographyDoppler'dpl 多普勒 USS thighθai大腿 and pelvis'pelvis 骨盆 USS: ultrasound scanningcardiac monitorPSG polysommography常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influ'enzpharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia frin'gldi咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia CAP 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia HAP 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia NP 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease acute exacerbating AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis rai'naitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous'skweims cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌'dnu,kɑ:si'numbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma SCLC小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤m'tstsispulmonary embolism PE 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism PTE 肺血栓栓塞症,θrmbu'emblizmpulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸,empai'i:mpneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸'paiu,nju:mu'θ:rkschronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病'spjurtiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病,sai'ntikcor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病'k:,pum'nlipulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病en,sef'lpθiright heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化,idi'pθikcryptogenic,kriptu'denik 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus'lju:ps狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病,sɑ:ki'dusisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,prutii'nusis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 'hi:mu,sid'rusis, ,hem-特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病'ɡrnju,lum'tusis Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿,i:sin'filikHistiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺'nju:m,kuni'usisdrug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis,sp:di'lusis曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ABPApleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘'fistjuloral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病,鹅口疮,kndi'daisisosteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ,ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物 drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic,prfi'lktik, ,pru-预防性, remedial ri'mi:dil治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药eks'pektrntMucolytics 粘液溶解剂,mju:ku'litikbronchodilator支气管扩张剂,brkudai'leitB2-agonists'ɡnist兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇sl'bju:tm:llong-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic,msk'rinik 毒蕈碱样的antagonists n'tɡnist对抗剂: ipratropium bromide'brumaid 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱,mi:nu'fili:nsteroids'stirid类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德, beclomethasone,beklu'meθsun倍氯米松,fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone'pred'nislun 强的松poper os., hydrocortisone,haidru'k:tizun氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene,lju:ku'train白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast 孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamide ni'keθmaid, -mid尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂,daiju'retikalbumin 白蛋白'lbjuminantitussive agents 镇咳药,nti'tsivammonium chloride 氯化铵'munjm铵'kl:raid氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索 mucosolvan 沐舒坦Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae'knjuli:鼻导管, Venturi ven'tjuri文里氏 face-mask nebulizer'nebjulaiz喷雾器: finer particle size 3 to 20um allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler MDI定量雾化吸入器continuous positive airway pressure CPAP-tight-fitting mask non-invasiveintermittent positive-pressure ventilation IPPVnon-invasive positive-pressure ventilation NIPPVmechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasivevia intubation,intju:'bein插管 ,tracheostomy ,trki'stmi, ,trei-气管造口术,tracheotomy,trki'tmi, ,trei-气管切开术synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术,θ:rksen't esischest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术,nju:mu'nektmilobectomy of lung,pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术lu'bektmi叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术,胸廓切开术,θ:r'ktmipleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cystic'sistik囊性的/varicose'vrikus曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural'pstrl drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibioticssurgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine'sju:pain仰卧patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural胸膜下的 bleb bleb大疱 rupture 'rpt破裂lactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy br'kskpi 支气管镜检查 ,esp. biopsytypes: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex'eipeks尖端shiftcontralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency trnz'lju:snsi半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘 between lung and chest wall＞2 cmcentimeter =＞50% lung volume loss aspiration ,sp'rein吸引术,intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy plu'rektmi胸膜切除术, bulla'bul 大疱 stapling装订 or lasering 激光pleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate,trnsju'deit漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics,daiju'retik利尿剂 can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/Lgram/litre'li:t or pleura: serum'sirm血清 protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia,haipul,bju:m'ni:mi 低蛋白血症, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism .,haipu'θairidizm甲状腺功能低下Exudate'eksjudeit渗出液：capillary permeability,p:mi'biliti 渗透increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia,ni:u'pleizi, -i瘤形成, surgery or trauma.CXR: meniscus mi'nisks弯液面-shaped,rises towards axilla k'sil腋温Appearance: clear ,straw淡黄色的-coloured: suggests transduateturbid't:bid浑浊的, green: indicates exudatespus ps脓cells or empyema,empai'i:m积脓症 bacterial infectionbloody haemothorax,hi:mu'θ:rks血胸: tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis'pnkri'taitis胰腺炎, traumawhite chylothorax,kailu'θ:rks乳糜胸：lymph ,blocked thoracicθ:'rsik, duct胸导管, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage thoracocentesisintrathoracic,intrθ'rsik胸廓内的 streptokinase,streptu'kaineis链球菌激酶via chest drain: to lyse lais溶解 fibrinous'faibrins 纤维蛋白的adhesions d'hi:n粘合pleural adhesion: tetracycline,tetr'saiklain四环素. bleomycin,bli:u'maisin博莱霉素lung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent屡发的 laryngeal,lrin'di:l 喉的nerve palsy'p:lzi麻痹dysphagia dis'feidi,-di吞咽困难pancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate 'stelit, -leit 星形的ganglion'ɡɡlin神经节 resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy,stiuɑ:'θrupθi骨关节病superior vena cava obstruction SVCO: headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival e dema, ,kndk'taiv结膜plethora'pleθr, vein dilation,pericardial tamponade,tmp'neid心包填塞JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma,skindermatomyositisimmunocompromised . shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia PTH-rp secretionadenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , . fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy etoposide + cisplatinsecondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck+colon if liver metastasis, melanoma, bone sarcoma, thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, sn oring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells O2↓,patient awakes from sleep, awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm,structural features of upper airway nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis, smoking exacerabates hypoxia, alcohol acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone,neuromuscular or CNS diseasesPSG polysommography: overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure CPAPmandibular advancement device MADadenoidectomy curative in childrenuvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased compliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar 盐酸吉西他滨注射剂paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇Taxol泰素docetaxel多西他赛泰素帝常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠泰能 tienam Glycopeptides 糖肽类 inhibit cell wall assemblyvancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类： inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星丁胺卡那gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound Quinolones 喹诺酮类： inhibit DNAgyrase norfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素 B fluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agents ribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠可耐lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide LPS脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量median infective dose ID50 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration MBC 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属,抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体苍白密螺旋体Venereal disease reference laboratory VDRL Rapid plasma regain RPR Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T 淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌,白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia 肺炎Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup]胸腔镜lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup]同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术) pulmonary angiographyDoppler['dɔplə]多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[færin'gældʒiə]咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis]pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm]pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv, -reitiv]congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi]right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik]cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik]隐源性的fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis]Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis]曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə]oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb. with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik,,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt]Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik]常用的药物drugs or agentsbronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə]B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l]long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik]毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid]异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n]steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun]强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun]氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik]albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv]ammonium chloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi,,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi]lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi]半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə]大疱stapling装订or lasering激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrasenorfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症11/14endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
呼吸内科常用英语(全)
询问病史 12case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical[,baiu'ɡrfik,-kl]data传记,marital婚姻status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s[spaus] 配偶 health status, menorrhea[,men'ri:]月经(menarche[me'nɑ:ki:, m-] 初潮age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual['menstrul]月经周期 pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions流产 ,premature[,prem'tju, ,pri:-] delivery早产, stillbirths死产, difficult labor, family history (any congenital先天性 diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹 and children)常用的症状 symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulent['pjurjulnt]脓性的, copious['kupis] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'neis, t-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum 白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion[iɡ'z:n] or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea[:'θpni]端坐呼吸Paroxysmal[,prk'sizml] nocturnal[nk't:nl] dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia[frin'gldi] ; pharyngodynia[,fri'ɡdini]咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise [m'leiz]不舒服myalgia[mai'ldi] 肌痛insomnia [in'smni]失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia [dis'funi]发声困难常见的体征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指: increased longitudinal[,lndi'tju:dinl]and transverse横向 curvature['k:vt]弯曲 ,loss of concave[ 'knkeiv]凹面的 nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx ['flks, 'fei-]趾骨,指骨, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis [,sai'nusis]发绀:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin [di:,ksi'hemu,ɡlubin]去氧血红蛋白 more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral [p'rifrl]外围的,次要的 cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula锁骨上的r [kl'vikjul] and axillary[k'silri]腋窝lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis [kai'fusis]驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea [,tkip'ni:]呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration[,resp'rein]: sternocleidomastoid['st:nu,klaid'mstid] 胸锁乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal[,int'kstl] 肋间的 spacetactile触觉的 vocal声音的 fremitus震颤触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapular['skpjul]肩胛的line X left/right intercostal[,int'kstl] 肋间的 spacerange of mobility[mu'bilti]移动Auscultation[,:skl'tein]:听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor['straid] 喘鸣 , crackles['krkl]发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexia[k'keksi]恶病质，cachectic[k'kektik]恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia[,n'reksi]食欲减退常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 体温图(take one’s b ody temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occult['klt/ blood test潜隐血试验Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytology[sai'tldi]细胞学Pulse oximeter[k'simit]脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral['femrl]股骨的 artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbia PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia[,haipk'si:mi]血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg(millimeters of mercury['m:kjuri]汞)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular[,njuru'mskjul]神经肌肉 (sedatives['sdtiv]镇静剂myasthenia[,mais'θi:ni]肌无力), structural['strktrl]结构的(ankylosing spondylitis[,ki'luzi,spndi'laitis]强直性脊柱炎), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular[ri'tikjul]网状的, linear['lini]线状的, military nodules粟粒样结节)coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric['mfrik]空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacification[u,psifi'kein]浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):confluent['knflunt]支流的,汇合的 shadowing and air bronchogramf支气管造影collapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusionmediastinal[,mi:dis'tainl]纵隔 mass: thyroid ,thymoma[θai'mum]胸腺瘤, teratoma[,ter'tum]畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma[lim'fum]淋巴瘤 and aneurysm 动脉瘤Chest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography)['pzitrn]正电子Abdominal ultrasound['ltrsaund]超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative[di'rivtiv]纯蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry [spai'rmitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO< 0.7 ↓ ↑ ↓restrictive lung diseases: decreased lung compliance and small lung volumesintraparenchymal >0.75 ↓↓ ↓ ↓extraparenchymal variable ↓↓ ↓ normalFEV1: forced expiratory[iks'pairtri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration[,ekspi'rein])bronchoprovocation/challenge test[,prv'kein] 支气管激发试验：histamine['histmmin]组胺or methacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation[,inh'lein] bronchodilatation[,dail'tein]支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sl'bju:tm(:)l]fiberoptic bronchoscopy[br'kskpi]: biopsy['bai,psi]活组织检查bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings) bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic[,trnsθ'rsik,]经胸廓的percutaneous needleaspiration[,sp'rein]吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θ'rkskup] 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisutup] 同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋 CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ndi'ɡrfi]血管造影术)pulmonary angiographyDoppler['dpl] 多普勒 USS thigh[θai]大腿 and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enz]pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[frin'gldi]咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweims] cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌['dnu,kɑ:si'num]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[m'tstsis]pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θrmbu'emblizm]pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:m]pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiu,nju:mu'θ:rks]chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['spjurtiv, -reitiv]congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,sai'ntik]cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['k:,pum'nli]pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sef'lpθi]right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idi'pθik]cryptogenic[,kriptu'denik] 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:ps]狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjoren’s syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:ki'dusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prutii'nusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:mu,sid'rusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrnju,lum'tusis] Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:sin'filik]Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:m,kuni'usis]drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[,sp:di'lusis]曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjul]oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kndi'daisis]osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白内障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物 drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prfi'lktik, ,pru-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:dil]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektrnt]Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:ku'litik]bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brkudai'leit]B2-agonists['ɡnist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sl'bju:tm(:)l]long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,msk'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[n'tɡnist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[,mi:nu'fili:n]steroids['stirid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德，beclomethasone[,beklu'meθsun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nislun] 强的松po(per os)., hydrocortisone[,haidru'k:tizun]氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:ku'train]白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast 孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamide[ni'keθmaid, -mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daiju'retik]albumin 白蛋白['lbjumin]antitussive agents 镇咳药[,nti'tsiv]ammonium chloride 氯化铵['munjm]铵['kl:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['knjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaiz]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-tight-fitting mask(non-invasive)intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive(via intubation[,intju:'bein]插管，tracheostomy [,trki'stmi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,trki'tmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θ:rksen't esis]chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:mu'nektmi]lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[lu'bektmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θ:r'ktmi]pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy 胸膜切除术pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器常见的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputum bronchiectasis:cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['vrikus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down postural['pstrl] drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucolytics, rotating courses of antibioticssurgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine [ 'sju:pain]仰卧patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of air in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural胸膜下的 bleb [bleb]大疱 rupture ['rpt]破裂lactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy [br'kskpi]支气管镜检查 ,esp. biopsytypes: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边CXR: translucency[trnz'lju:snsi]半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim 边缘 between lung and chest wall＞2 cm(centimeter) =＞50% lung volume loss aspiration [,sp'rein]吸引术，intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bul] 大疱stapling装订or lasering激光pleural effusionchest pain and progressively worsening of shortness of breathTransudate[,trnsju'deit]漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics[,daiju'retik]利尿剂 can result in rapid resolution, protein <30g/L(gram/litre['li:t]) or pleura: serum['sirm]血清protein <1/2 or pleura: serum LDH<2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoalbuminemia[,haipul,bju:m'ni:mi]低蛋白血症, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism . [,haipu'θairidizm]甲状腺功能低下Exudate['eksjudeit]渗出液：capillary permeability[,p:mi'biliti] 渗透increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia[,ni:u'pleizi, -i]瘤形成, surgery ortrauma.CXR: meniscus[mi'nisks]弯液面-shaped,rises towards axilla[k'sil]腋温Appearance: clear ,straw淡黄色的-coloured: suggests transduateturbid['t:bid]浑浊的, green: indicates exudates(pus[ps]脓cells) or empyema[,empai'i:m]积脓症 (bacterial infection)bloody( haemothorax[,hi:mu'θ:rks]血胸): tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitis['pnkri'taitis]胰腺炎, traumawhite( chylothorax[,kailu'θ:rks]乳糜胸)：lymph ,blocked thoracic[θ:'rsik,] duct胸导管, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage (thoracocentesis)intrathoracic[,intrθ'rsik]胸廓内的 streptokinase[,streptu'kaineis]链球菌激酶via chest drain: to lyse[lais]溶解 fibrinous['faibrins] 纤维蛋白的adhesions[d'hi:n]粘合pleural adhesion: tetracycline[,tetr'saiklain]四环素. bleomycin[,bli:u'maisin]博莱霉素lung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent屡发的 laryngeal[,lrin'di:l] 喉的nerve palsy['p:lzi]麻痹dysphagia[dis'feidi,-di]吞咽困难pancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate ['stelit, -leit] 星形的ganglion['ɡɡlin]神经节 resulting in Horner syndromehypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy[,stiuɑ:'θrupθi]骨关节病superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO): headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival e dema, [,kndk'taiv]结膜plethora['pleθr], vein dilation, pericardial tamponade[,tmp'neid]心包填塞( JVP↑,ABP↓,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine( ACTH: Cushing’s; B-HCG:gynaecomastia and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma),skin（dermatomyositis）immunocompromised e.g. shingles 带状疱疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, central location, clubbing, hypercalcemia( PTH-rp secretion)adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clearmucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy ( etoposide + cisplatin)secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck(+colon if liver metastasis), melanoma, bone (sarcoma), thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic spells (O2↓,patient awakes from sleep), awakening with nocturia, daytime somnolence, decreased memory and attention, increased accident risk, polycythaemia, systemic hypertension and pulmonary hypertensionCauses: central obesity( fat deposition around upper airway leads to airway narrowing, abdominal fat elevates diaphragm),structural features of upper airway (nasal obstruction: rhinitis,polyps, deviated sputum; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, micrognathia; macroglossia due to hypothyrodism/amyloid/Down’s; cervical masses: goiter,laryngeal stenosis), smoking( exacerabates hypoxia), alcohol (acts as a sedative thereby reducing upper airway tone),neuromuscular or CNS diseases PSG( polysommography): overnight sleep studyTherapy: conservative: weight loss, avoid alcohol /smoking/sedatives, avoid supine positioncontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)mandibular advancement device (MAD)adenoidectomy （curative in children）uvulopalatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂-腭-咽成形术maxillomandibular osteotomyobesity-hypoventilation syndrome: collapse of alveoli at end-expiration, decreased compliance due to weight of abdomen and chest wall, central respiratory drive↓常用的化疗药cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesispenicillin skin testamoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类cefradine 头孢拉啶cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone 头孢曲松cefpiramide 头孢吡啶ceftazidime 头孢他定ceftizoxime 头孢唑污carbopenems 碳青霉烯类azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能 tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类 inhibit cell wall assemblyvancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类： inhibit protein synthesisroxithromycin 罗红霉素clarithromycin 克拉霉素azithromycin 阿奇霉素erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxicinhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素streptomycin 链霉素Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类： inhibit DNA gyrase norfloxacin 诺氟沙星ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药rifampicin 利福平rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素Bfluconazole 氟康唑voriconazole 伏立康唑itraconazole 伊曲康唑Antivirus agentsribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖antibiotics 抗生素pyrogen 致热原exotoxin 外毒素endotoxin 内毒素Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位antibacterial agents 抗菌药resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性virulence 毒力median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量virus 病毒replication 复制viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiologicalmicrobiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染conditioned infection 条件致病性感染endogenous infection 内源性感染exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Legionella 军团杆菌属Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPDOld tuberculin,OTAtypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)Rapid plasma regain (RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARSAdenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDSHuman T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌Mucor 毛霉菌属。
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呼吸科英语
A：
Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒
Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素
Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊
Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄
Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素
B
Biopsy 活检
Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张
Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗
Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎
Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查
C
CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏
CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺
Clubbed finger 杵状指
dry cough 干咳
Cyanosis 紫绀
Nonproductive cough 干咳
Complication 并发症
D
Dyspnea 呼吸困难
Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断
Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断
E
Emphysema 肺气肿
pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡
etiology 病因学
Emphysematous 肺大泡
Expectoration 吐痰
Exacerbation 加重
Endogenous内生的
Exogenous 外生的
F
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化
G
GM+ Gram stain positive
Gm- Gram stain negative
H
Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎
Hemoglobin 血红蛋白
Hemoptysis 咯血
Hemorrhage 出血
HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学
Hypoxia 缺氧
I
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的
Intravenous 静脉内的
N
Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气
O
OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征
P
Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音
Pneumonia 肺炎
Pneumothorax 气胸
PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比
Pleura 胸腔积液
Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验
Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）
Plumonary edema 肺水肿
Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎
Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎
R
Moist rales 湿罗音
Dry rales 干罗音
S
SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短
Syncope 晕厥
Sarcoidosis 结节病
Segment 段
T
Tuberculosis 结核病
Tachypnea 气促
Thrombosis 血栓
TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查
U
Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染
W
Wheeze 哮鸣音
其他
facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰
release of bronchial spasm 解痉
细菌
steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
legionella 军团菌
mycoplasma 支原体
chlamydia 衣原体
pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。