习语的翻译方法2

3 意译法
有时对英语习语中的形象不了解，而这个形象又不易或没必 要解释，那么就应该根据情况采取只翻译意义的方法。 A white elephant to carry coals to Newcastle A hundred to one, it will be a success. When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war. Out of the frying-pan into the fire She is now between the devil and deep sea on this matter. Everyone has a fool in his sleeve. The matter was finally settled under the table. This testimony puts quite a new face on the whole matter.
To kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. She always throws her cares to the winds. He is shooting off his mouth. He does not know the first thing of economy. To make a mountain out of the molehill. To throw one’s weight about To turn over a new leaf To be wet behind the ears
2 习俗的差异
英汉习俗的差异是多方面的，最典型的莫过于在对狗这种动 物的态度上。狗在汉语里是一种卑微的动物，汉语中与狗有 关的习语大都含有贬义：狐朋狗党、狗急跳墙、狼心狗肺、 狗腿子等。而在西方国家，狗被认为是人类最忠诚的朋友。 英语中有关狗的习语大部分没有贬义，常以狗的形象来比喻 人的行为：You are a luck dog.（你是幸运儿），Every dog has his day.（凡人皆有得意日），Old dog will not learn new tricks.（老人学不了新东西）等。形容人病得厉害用： as sick as a dog，累极了用dog-tired。与此相反，中国人十 分喜爱猫，用“馋猫”比喻人贪嘴，常有亲昵成分，而在西 方文化中，猫用来比喻“包藏祸心的女人”。

Castle in the air 空中楼阁 A bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳 To hang by a hair 千钧一发 To show the cloven hook 露马脚 Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet不知苦中苦，难得甜上甜。
4 历史典故
英汉两种语言还有大量由历史典故形成的习 语，这些习语结构简单、意义深远，往往是 不能单从字面意义去理解和翻译的。如“东 施效颦”。英语典故习语多来自《圣经》和 希腊罗马神话，如Achilles’ heel（唯一致命 的弱点）,meet one’s waterloo（一败涂地）， Penelope’s web（永远完不成的工作），a Pandora’s box（潘多拉之盒，即灾难、麻烦、 祸害的根源）等。
2 直译法
有些习语在汉语里找不到相应的习语，但直接把原有的形象 翻译出来并不妨碍读者理解，如：armed to the teeth（武装 到牙齿）、Trojan horse（特洛伊木马）、a wolf in sheep’s clothing （披着羊皮的狼）。 As black as a crow As brave as a loin As busy as a bee As faithful as a dog As light as a feather As motionless as a statue As proud as a peacock
习语的翻译
1 生存环境的差异 习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。英国是 个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界；而汉民族 在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。比 喻花钱浪费大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是“挥金如土”。英语中有许多关于 船和水的习语，在汉语中没有完全形同的对应语， 如to rest on one’s oars（暂时歇一歇）；to keep one’s head above water （奋力图存）；all at sea （不知所措）。

As quiet as a lamb As rigid as a stone As sharp as a knife As small as a pin’s head As straight as an arrow As thick as a wall Quick like lightning No smoke without fire A stitch in time saves nine.
谚语及经典牛句
1 The cow that’s first up gets the first of the dew. 2 Cows that feed on the grass and chickens live on grain; everyone has his own bliss. 3 Calf love, half love; old love, cold love. 4 He that steals an egg will steal an ox. 5 Many good cows have evil calves.
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典故
Bull market;牛市 Bull market也作bullish market，也称多头市场，指 证券市场买入者多于卖出者，行情普遍看涨，延续 时间较长的大升市。牛市的来历离不开熊市（bear market）。所谓熊市也指空头市场，指行情普遍看 淡，延续时间相对较大的大跌市。熊市的典故来自 于一个古老的故事，指一个人没有抓到熊就想卖掉 熊皮。在股市中指卖掉股票，以期在价格更低时在 买入，以谋求利润。
习语
1 Holly cow 2 milk cow 3 shoot the bull 4 throw the bulls 5 an old cow licking her calf 6 a bull in a china shop 7 like a bull at a (five-barred) gate

Forbidden fruit is sweet. Out of sight, out of mind. No mill, no meal. Easy come, easy go. Half a loaf is better than no bread. If you run after two hares, you’ll catch neither.
6 You can’t sell the cow and drink the milk. 7 If the ox falls, whet your knife. 8 An ox is taken by the horn, and the man by his tongue. 9 The black ox has trod on his foot. 10 Horses jaws do not match cows’ head.

To jump out of one’s skin To kick down the ladder After one’s heart To fish in the air To reap what one has sown He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind.

Poor by condition, rich by ambition Where there is a will, there is a way It takes two to make a quarrel. As a man sows, so he shall reap. Don’t wash your dirty linen in public. To burn one’s boats A drop in the bucket More haste, less speed
4 替换法
As blind as a bat As timid as a hare On pins and needles To wake up a sleeping dog To beat the dog before the lion Lock the door after the horse is stolen. He who take the charge knows the responsibility.
8 bull of the woods 9 milk the bull 10 take the bull by the horns 11 get into the tip of a bull’s horn 12 Irish bull 13 a cock-and-bull story
值得注意的是，因为动物词汇的联想含义的不同， 很多汉、英有关牛的词语往往找不到一致的表达， 常常用其他动物的词汇来转义。 牛脾气 过牛马不如的生活 对牛弹琴 牛饮 牛不喝水强按头 直到猴年马月
3 宗教信仰
与宗教信仰有关的习语也大量出现在英汉语 言中。佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史， 人们相信有“佛主”在左右着人间的一切， 与此有关的习语有很多，“借花献佛”、 “闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”等。在西方许 多国家，特别是英美，人们信奉基督教，相 关的习语如：God helps those who help themselves（上帝帮助自助的人），也有Go to hell （下地狱去）这样的诅咒。
1 常见知识点
英语中牛分为cattle, bull, cow, ox, buffalo等。 其中， cattle是集合名词，是bull（公牛）, bullocks（阉牛）, cow（母牛，奶牛）的总 称，相当于oxen。 Oxen是ox的复数。 Ox是 耕牛，calf是小牛。
2 常见知识点
A herd of cattle; cattle and sheep; cowboy; beef (beefs beeves); beefsteak; dried beef; bullnecked; bull horn; bull-headed; cow pox; moo; cow skin; mad cow disease; bull fight; bull fighter; bull session; bullshit; wild ox dumb ox; bull’s eye; the Chicago Bull
习语的翻译方法
翻译习语的标准首先是传达本意，其次是尽量保留文化特色 和语言特色，所以根据具体情况，习语的翻译大致有以下几 种： 1 等值译法 英语中有些习语和汉语的表达方法完全或者基本相同，这个 时侯照译即可。如： As cold as ice 冰冷 To fish for praise 沽名钓誉 To strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 Through fire and flood 赴汤蹈火