【计算机专业文献翻译】JSP概述

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【计算机专业文献翻译】JSP 概览

JSP OverviewJSP is the latest Java technology for web application development and is based on the servlet technology introduced in the previous chapter. While servlets are great in many ways, they are generally reserved for programmers. In this chapter, we look at the problems that JSP technology solves, the anatomy of a JSP page, the relationship between servlets and JSP, and how the server processes a JSP page.In any web application, a program on the server processes requests and generates responses. In a simple one-page application, such as an online bulletin board, you don't need to be overly concerned about the design of this piece of code; all logic can be lumped together in a single program. However, when the application grows into something bigger (spanning multiple pages, using external resources such as databases, with more options and support for more types of clients), it's a different story. The way your site is designed is critical to how well it can be adapted to new requirements and continue to evolve. The good news is that JSP technology can be used as an important part in all kinds of web applications, from the simplest to the most complex.Therefore, this chapter also introduces the primary concepts in the design model recommended for web applications and the different roles played by JSP and other Java technologies in this model.The Problem with ServletsIn many Java servlet-based applications, processing the request and generating the response are both handled by a single servlet class. Example 3-1 shows how a servlet class often looks.Example 3-1. A typical servlet classpublic class OrderServlet extends HttpServlet {public void doGet((HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {response.setContentType("text/html");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter( );if (isOrderInfoValid(request)) {saveOrderInfo(request);out.println("<html>");out.println(" <head>");out.println(" <title>Order Confirmation</title>");out.println(" </head>");out.println(" <body>");out.println(" <h1>Order Confirmation</h1>");renderOrderInfo(request);out.println(" </body>");out.println("</html>");}...If you're not a programmer, don't worry about all the details in this code. The point is that the servlet contains request processing and business logic (implemented by methods such as isOrderInfoValid() and saveOrderInfo( )), and also generates the response HTML code, embedded directly in the servlet code using println( ) calls. A more structured servlet application isolates different pieces of the processing in various reusable utility classes and may also use a separate class library for generating the actual HTML elements in the response. Even so, the pure servlet-based approach still has a few problems:Thorough Java programming knowledge is needed to develop and maintain all aspects of the application, since the processing code and the HTML elements are lumped together.Changing the look and feel of the application, or adding support for a new type of client (such as a WML client), requires the servlet code to be updated and recompiled.It's hard to take advantage of web page development tools when designing the application interface. If such tools are used to develop the web page layout, the generated HTML must then be manually embedded into the servlet code, a process which is time consuming, error prone, and extremely boring.Adding JSP to the puzzle lets you solve these problems by separating the request processing and business logic code from the presentation, as illustrated in Figure 3-1. Instead of embedding HTML in the code, place all static HTML in a JSP page, just as in a regular web page, and add a few JSP elements to generate the dynamic parts of the page. The request processing can remain the domain of the servlet, and the business logic can be handled by JavaBeans and EJB components.Figure 3-1. Separation of request processing, business logic, and presentation As I mentioned before, separating the request processing and business logic frompresentation makes it possible to divide the development tasks among people with different skills. Java programmers implement the request processing and business logic pieces, web page authors implement the user interface, and both groups can use best-of-breed development tools for the task at hand. The result is a much more productive development process. It also makes it possible to change different aspects of the application independently, such as changing the business rules without touching the user interface.This model has clear benefits even for a web page author without programming skills, working alone. A page author can develop web applications with many dynamic features, using the JSP standard actions and the JSTL libraries, as well as Java components provided by open source projects and commercial companies.JSP ProcessingJust as a web server needs a servlet container to provide an interface to servlets, the serverneeds a JSP container to process JSP pages. The JSP container is responsible for interceptingrequests for JSP pages. To process all JSP elements in the page, the container first turns the JSP page into a servlet (known as the JSP page implementation class). The conversion is pretty straightforward; all template text is converted to println( ) statements similar to the ones in the handcoded servlet shown in Example 3-1, and all JSP elements are converted to Java code that implements the corresponding dynamic behavior. The container then compiles the servlet class.Converting the JSP page to a servlet and compiling the servlet form the translation phase. The JSP container initiates the translation phase for a page automatically when it receives the first request for the page. Since the translation phase takes a bit of time, the first user to request a JSP page notices a slight delay. The translation phase can also be initiated explicitly; this is referred to as precompilation of a JSP page. Precompiling a JSP page is a way to avoid hitting the first user with this delay. It is discussed in more detail in Chapter 17.The JSP container is also responsible for invoking the JSP page implementation class (the generated servlet) to process each request and generate the response. This is called the request processing phase. The two phases are illustrated in Figure 3-3.Figure 3-2. JSP page translation and processing phasesAs long as the JSP page remains unchanged, any subsequent request goes straight to the request processing phase (i.e., the container simply executes the class file). When the JSP page is modified, it goes through the translation phase again before entering the request processing phase.The JSP container is often implemented as a servlet configured to handle all requests for JSP pages. In fact, these two containers—a servlet container and a JSP container—are often combined in one package under the name web container.So in a way, a JSP page is really just another way to write a servlet without having to be a Java programming wiz. Except for the translation phase, a JSP page is handled exactly like a regular servlet; it's loaded once and called repeatedly, until the server is shut down. By virtue of being an automatically generated servlet, a JSP page inherits all the advantages of a servlet described in Chapter 2: platform and vendor independence, integration, efficiency, scalability, robustness, and security.3.3.1 JSP ElementsThere are three types of JSP elements you can use: directive, action, and scripting. A new construct added in JSP 2.0 is an Expression Language (EL) expression; let's call this a forth element type, even though it's a bit different than the other three.3.3.1.1 Directive elementsThe directive elements, shown in Table 3-1, specify information about the page itself that remains the same between requests—for example, if session tracking is required or not, bufferingTable 3-1. Directive elements3.3.1.2JavaBeans componentsJSP elements, such as action and scripting elements, are often used to work with JavaBeans components. Put succinctly, a JavaBeans component is a Java class that complies with certain coding conventions. JavaBeans components are typically used as containers for information that describes application entities, such as a customer or an order.JSP Application Design with MVCJSP technology can play a part in everything from the simplest web application, such as an online phone list or an employee vacation planner, to complex enterprise applications, such as a human resource application or a sophisticated online shopping site. How large a part JSP plays MVC was first described by Xerox in a number of papers published in the late 1980s. The key differs in each case, of course. In this section, I introduce a design model calledModel-View-Controller (MVC), suitable for logic into three distinct units: the Model, the View, and the Controller. In a server application, we commonly classify the parts of the application as business logic, presentation, and request processing. Business logic is the term used for the manipulation of an application's data, such as customer, product, and order information. Presentation refers to how the application data is displayed to the user, for example, position, font, and size. And finally, request processing is what ties the business logic and presentation parts together. In MVC terms, the Model corresponds to business logic and data, the View to the presentation, and the Controller to the request processing.Why use this design with JSP? The answer lies primarily in the first two elements. Remember that an application data structure and logic (the Model) is typically the most stable part of an application, while the presentation of that data (the View) changes fairly often. Just look at all the face-lifts many web sites go through to keep up with the latest fashion in web design. Yet, the data they present remains the same. Another common example of why presentation should be separated from the business logic is that you may want to present the data in different languages or present different subsets of the data to internal and external users. Access to the data through new types of devices, such as cell phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs), is the latest trend. Each client type requires its own presentation format. It should come as no surprise, then, that separating business logic from the presentation makes it easier to evolve an application as the requirements change; new presentation interfaces can be developed without touching the business logic.This MVC model is used for most of the examples in this book. In Part II, JSP pages are used as both the Controller and the View, and JavaBeans components are used as the Model. The examples in Chapter 5 through Chapter 9 use a single JSP page that handles everything, while Chapter 10 through Chapter 14 show how you can use separate pages for the Controller and the View to make the application easier to maintain. Many types of real-world applications can be developed this way, but what's more important is that this approach allows you to examine all the JSP features without getting distracted by other technologies. In Part III, we look at other possible role assignments when JSP is combined with servlets and Enterprise JavaBeans.JSP 概览JSP是一种用于Web应用程序开发的最新的Java技术，它是建立在servlet 技术基础之上的。

JSP--中文翻译概述

中文翻译JSP技术和ServletsJSP简介JSP(JavaServer Pages)是由Sun Microsystems公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种动态网页技术标准。

JSP技术有点类似ASP技术，它是在传统的网页HTML文件(*.htm,*.html)中插入Java程序段(Scriptlet)和JSP标记(tag)，从而形成JSP文件(*.jsp)。

用JSP开发的Web应用是跨平台的，即能在Linux下运行，也能在其他操作系统上运行。

JSP技术使用Java编程语言编写类XML的tags和scriptlets，来封装产生动态网页的处理逻辑。

网页还能通过tags和scriptlets访问存在于服务端的资源的应用逻辑。

JSP 将网页逻辑与网页设计和显示分离，支持可重用的基于组件的设计，使基于Web的应用程序的开发变得迅速和容易。

Web服务器在遇到访问JSP网页的请求时，首先执行其中的程序段，然后将执行结果连同JSP文件中的HTML代码一起返回给客户。

插入的Java程序段可以操作数据库、重新定向网页等，以实现建立动态网页所需要的功能。

JSP与Java Servlet一样，是在服务器端进行执行的，通常返回该客户端的就是一个HTML文本，因此客户端只要有浏览器就能浏览。

JSP的1.0规范的最后版本是1999年9月推出的，12月又推出了1.1规范。

目前较新的是JSP1.2规范，JSP2.0规范的征求意见稿也已出台。

JSP页面由HTML代码和嵌入其中的Java代码所组成。

JS脚本语言简介JS即javascrip，Javascript是一种由Netscape的LiveScript发展而来的脚本语言，主要目的是为了解决服务器终端语言，比如Perl，遗留的速度问题。

当时服务端需要对数据进行验证，由于网络速度相当缓慢,只有28.8kbps，验证步骤浪费的时间太多。

于是Netscape的浏览器Navigator加入了Javascript，提供了数据验证的基本功能。

计算机 JSP web 外文翻译外文文献

计算机 JSP web 外文翻译外文文献12.1 nEffective web n design involves separating business objects。

n。

and object XXX。

Although one individual may handle both roles on a small-scale project。

it is XXX.12.2 JSP ArchitectureIn this chapter。

XXX using JavaServer Pages。

servlets。

XXX of different architectures。

each building upon the us one。

The diagram below outlines this process。

and we will explain each component in detail later in this article.Note: XXX.)When Java Server Pages were introduced by Sun。

some people XXX。

While JSP is a key component of the J2EE n and serves as the preferred request handler and response mechanism。

it is XXX.XXX JSP。

the XXX that JSP is built on top of the servlet API and uses servlet XXX interesting ns。

such as whether we should XXX in our Web-enabled systems。

and if there is a way to combine servlets and JSPs。

JSP技术中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文对照外文翻译JSP技术Java Server Pages(JSP)是一种基于web的脚本编程技术，类似于网景公司的服务器端Java脚本语言—— server-side JavaScript(SSJS)和微软的Active Server Pages(ASP)。

与SSJS和ASP相比，JSP具有更好的可扩展性，并且它不专属于任何一家厂商或某一特定的Web服务器。

尽管JSP规范是由Sun公司制定的，但任何厂商都可以在自己的系统上实现JSP。

在Sun正式发布JSP(Java Server Pages)之后，这种新的Web应用开发技术很快引起了人们的关注。

JSP为创建高度动态的Web应用提供了一个独特的开发环境。

按照Sun的说法，JSP能够适应市场上包括Apache WebServer、IIS4.0在内的85%的服务器产品。

本文将介绍JSP相关的知识，以及JavaBean的相关内容，当然都是比较粗略的介绍其中的基本内容，仅仅起到抛砖引玉的作用，如果读者需要更详细的信息，请参考相应的JSP的书籍。

1.1 概述JSP(Java Server Pages)是由Sun Microsystems公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种动态网页技术标准，其在动态网页的建设中有其强大而特别的功能。

JSP与Microsoft的ASP技术非常相似。

两者都提供在HTML代码中混合某种程序代码、由语言引擎解释执行程序代码的能力。

下面我们简单的对它进行介绍。

JSP页面最终会转换成servlet。

因而，从根本上，JSP页面能够执行的任何任务都可以用servlet来完成。

然而，这种底层的等同性并不意味着servlet和JSP 页面对于所有的情况都等同适用。

问题不在于技术的能力，而是二者在便利性、生产率和可维护性上的不同。

毕竟，在特定平台上能够用Java编程语言完成的事情，同样可以用汇编语言来完成，但是选择哪种语言依旧十分重要。

第1章 JSP概述

Servlet技术 Servlet技术
Servlet是用Java语言编写的服务器端程序 Servlet是用Java语言编写的服务器端程序是用Java Servlet主要用于处理Http请求主要用于处理Http请求， Servlet主要用于处理Http请求，并将处理的结果传递给浏览器生成动态Web Web页面览器生成动态Web页面 Servlet具有可移植功能强大、安全、具有可移植、 Servlet具有可移植、功能强大、安全、可扩展和灵活等优点。JSP是在Servlet的基础上开发的一种新技术 JSP是在Servlet的基础上开发的一种新技术是在Servlet
网络软件开发技术
7
四、JSP的处理过程 JSP的处理过程
当客户端浏览器向服务器发出请求访问一个JSP页面时，当客户端浏览器向服务器发出请求访问一个JSP页面时，服务 JSP页面时器根据该请求加载相应的JSP页面，并对该页面进行编译， JSP页面器根据该请求加载相应的JSP页面，并对该页面进行编译，然后执行
JSP文件文件
客户端通过浏览器向服务器发出请求，在该请求中包含了请求的资源的路径，这样当服务器接收到该请求后就可以知道被请求的资源服务器根据接收到的客户端的请求来加载被请求的JSP文件 Web服务器中的 JSP引擎会将被加载的JSP文件转化为Servlet
② 加载
① 请求
客户端
8
五、JSP与其它服务器端脚本语言的比较 JSP与其它服务器端脚本语言的比较
CGI： Interface， CGI：Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口
最早用来创建动态网页的一种技术，最早用来创建动态网页的一种技术，它允许使用不同的语言来编写CGI程序，该程序被放在Web CGI程序 Web服务器上运的语言来编写CGI程序，该程序被放在Web服务器上运行。客户端发出请求时，客户端发出请求时，服务器根据客户请求建立一个新的进程来执行指定的CGI程序， CGI程序的进程来执行指定的CGI程序，并将执行结果以网页的类型传输到客户端。类型传输到客户端。 CGI编制方式比较困难，而且效率低下， CGI编制方式比较困难，而且效率低下，因为每次页面编制方式比较困难被请求时，都要求服务器重新将CGI CGI程序编译成可执行被请求时，都要求服务器重新将CGI程序编译成可执行的代码。的代码。

计算机专业毕业设计外文翻译--JSP内置对象

附录1 外文参考文献（译文）JSP内置对象有些对象不用声明就可以在JSP页面的Java程序片和表达式部分使用，这就是JSP 的内置对象。

JSP的内置对象有：request、response、session、application、out.response和request对象是JSP内置对象中较重要的两个，这两个对象提供了对服务器和浏览器通信方法的控制。

直接讨论这两个对象前，要先对HTTP协议—Word Wide Wed底层协议做简单介绍。

Word Wide Wed是怎样运行的呢？在浏览器上键入一个正确的网址后，若一切顺利，网页就出现了。

使用浏览器从网站获取HTML页面时，实际在使用超文本传输协议。

HTTP规定了信息在Internet上的传输方法，特别是规定吧浏览器与服务器的交互方法。

从网站获取页面时，浏览器在网站上打开了一个对网络服务器的连接，并发出请求。

服务器收到请求后回应，所以HTTP协议的核心就是“请求和响应”。

一个典型的请求通常包含许多头，称作请求的HTTP头。

头提供了关于信息体的附加信息及请求的来源。

其中有些头是标准的，有些和特定的浏览器有关。

一个请求还可能包含信息体，例如，信息体可包含HTML表单的内容。

在HTML表单上单击Submit 键时，该表单使用ACTION=”POST”或ACTION=”GET”方法，输入表单的内容都被发送到服务器上。

该表单内容就由POST方法或GET方法在请求的信息体中发送。

服务器发送请求时，返回HTTP响应。

响应也有某种结构，每个响应都由状态行开始，可以包含几个头及可能的信息体，称为响应的HTTP头和响应信息体，这些头和信息体由服务器发送给客户的浏览器，信息体就是客户请求的网页的运行结果，对于JSP 页面，就是网页的静态信息。

用户可能已经熟悉状态行，状态行说明了正在使用的协议、状态代码及文本信息。

例如，若服务器请求出错，则状态行返回错误及对错误描述，比如HTTP/1.1 404 Object Not Found。

外文文献JSP中英文翻译

THE TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF JSPBy:Kathy Sierra and Bert BatesSource:Servlet&JSPThe Java Server Pages( JSP) is a kind of according to web of the script plait distance technique, similar carries the script language of Java in the server of the Netscape company of server- side JavaScript( SSJS) and the Active Server Pages(ASP) of the Microsoft. JSP compares the SSJS and ASP to have better can expand sex, and it is no more exclusive than any factory or some one particular server of Web. Though the norm of JSP is to be draw up by the Sun company of, any factory can carry out the JSP on own system.The After Sun release the JSP( the Java Server Pages) formally, the this kind of new Web application development technique very quickly caused the people's concern. JSP provided a special development environment for the Web application that establishes the high dynamic state. According to the Sun parlance, the JSP can adapt to include the Apache WebServer, IIS4.0 on the market at inside of 85% server product.This chapter will introduce the related knowledge of JSP and Databases, and JavaBean related contents, is all certainly rougher introduction among them basic contents, say perhaps to is a Guide only, if the reader needs the more detailed information, pleasing the book of consult the homologous JSP.1.1 GENERALIZEThe JSP(Java Server Pages) is from the company of Sun Microsystems initiate, the many companies the participate to the build up the together of the a kind the of dynamic the state web the page technique standard, the it have the it in the construction the of the dynamic state the web page the strong but the do not the especially of the function. JSP and the technique of ASP of the Microsoft is very alike. Both all provide the ability that mixes with a certain procedure code and is explain by the language engine to carry out the procedure code in the code of HTML. Underneath we are simple of carry on the introduction to it.JSP pages are translated into servlets. So, fundamentally, any task JSP pages can perform could also be accomplished by servlets. However, this underlying equivalence does not mean that servlets and JSP pages are equally appropriate in all scenarios. The issue is not the power of the technology, it is the convenience, productivity, and maintainability of one or the other. After all, anything you can do on a particular computer platform in the Java programming language you could also do in assembly language. But it still matters which you choose.JSP provides the following benefits over servlets alone:• It is easier to write and maintain the HTML. Your static code is ordinary HTML: no extra backslashes, no double quotes, and no lurking Java syntax.• You can use standard Web-site development tools. Even HTML tools that know nothing about JSP can be used because they simply ignore the JSP tags.• You can divide up your development team. The Java programmers can work on the dynamic code. The Web developers can concentrate on the presentation layer. On large projects, this division is very important. Depending on the size of your team and the complexity of your project, you can enforce a weaker or stronger separation between the static HTML and the dynamic content.Now, this discussion is not to say that you should stop using servlets and use only JSP instead. By no means. Almost all projects will use both. For some requests in your project, you will use servlets. For others, you will use JSP. For still others, you will combine them with the MVC architecture . You want the appropriate tool for the job, and servlets, by themselves, do not complete your toolkit.1.2 SOURCE OF JSPThe technique of JSP of the company of Sun, making the page of Web develop the personnel can use the HTML perhaps marking of XML to design to turn the end page with format. Use the perhaps small script future life of marking of JSP becomes the dynamic state on the page contents.( the contents changes according to the claim of)The Java Servlet is a technical foundation of JSP, and the large Web applies the development of the procedure to need the Java Servlet to match with with the JSP and then can complete, this name of Servlet comes from the Applet, the local translation method of now is a lot of, this book in order not to misconstruction, decide the direct adoption Servlet but don't do any translation, if reader would like to, can call it as" small service procedure". The Servlet is similar to traditional CGI, ISAPI, NSAPI etc. Web procedure development the function of the tool in fact, at use the Java Servlet hereafter, the customer need not use again the lowly method of CGI of efficiency, also need not use only the ability come to born page of Web of dynamic state in the method of API that a certain fixed Web server terrace circulate. Many servers of Web all support the Servlet, even not support the Servlet server of Web directly and can also pass the additional applied server and the mold pieces to support the Servlet. Receive benefit in the characteristic of the Java cross-platform, the Servlet is also a terrace irrelevant, actually, as long as match the norm of Java Servlet, the Servlet is complete to have nothing to do with terrace and is to have nothing to do with server of Web. Because the Java Servlet is internal to provide the service by the line distance, need not start a progressto the each claimses, and make use of the multi-threading mechanism can at the same time for several claim service, therefore the efficiency of Java Servlet is very high.But the Java Servlet also is not to has no weakness, similar to traditional CGI, ISAPI, the NSAPI method, the Java Servlet is to make use of to output the HTML language sentence to carry out the dynamic state web page of, if develop the whole website with the Java Servlet, the integration process of the dynamic state part and the static state page is an evil-foreboding dream simply. For solving this kind of weakness of the Java Servlet, the SUN released the JSP.A number of years ago, Marty was invited to attend a small 20-person industry roundtable discussion on software technology. Sitting in the seat next to Marty was James Gosling, inventor of the Java programming language. Sitting several seats away was a high-level manager from a very large software company in Redmond, Washington. During the discussion, the moderator brought up the subject of Jini, which at that time was a new Java technology. The moderator asked the manager what he thought of it, and the manager responded that it was too early to tell, but that it seemed to be an excellent idea. He went on to say that they would keep an eye on it, and if it seemed to be catching on, they would follow his company's usual "embrace and extend" strategy. At this point, Gosling lightheartedly interjected "You mean disgrace and distend."Now, the grievance that Gosling was airing was that he felt that this company would take technology from other companies and suborn it for their own purposes. But guess what? The shoe is on the other foot here. The Java community did not invent the idea of designing pages as a mixture of static HTML and dynamic code marked with special tags. For example, Cold Fusion did it years earlier. Even ASP (a product from the very software company of the aforementioned manager) popularized this approach before JSP came along and decided to jump on the bandwagon. In fact, JSP not only adopted the general idea, it even used many of the same special tags as ASP did.The JSP is an establishment at the model of Java servlets on of the expression layer technique, it makes the plait write the HTML to become more simple.Be like the SSJS, it also allows you carry the static state HTML contents and servers the script mix to put together the born dynamic state exportation. JSP the script language that the Java is the tacit approval, however, be like the ASP and can use other languages( such as JavaScript and VBScript), the norm of JSP also allows to use other languages.1.3JSP CHARACTERISTICSIs a service according to the script language in some one language of the statures system this kind of discuss, the JSP should be see make is a kind of script language.However, be a kind of script language, the JSP seemed to be too strong again, almost can use all Javas in the JSP.Be a kind of according to text originally of, take manifestation as the central development technique, the JSP provided all advantages of the Java Servlet, and, when combine with a JavaBeans together, providing a kind of make contents and manifestation that simple way that logic separate. Separate the contents and advantage of logical manifestations is, the personnel who renews the page external appearance need not know the code of Java, and renew the JavaBeans personnel also need not be design the web page of expert in hand, can use to take the page of JavaBeans JSP to define the template of Web, to build up a from have the alike external appearance of the website that page constitute. JavaBeans completes the data to provide, having no code of Java in the template thus, this means that these templates can be written the personnel by a HTML plait to support. Certainly, can also make use of the Java Servlet to control the logic of the website, adjust through the Java Servlet to use the way of the document of JSP to separate website of logic and contents.Generally speaking, in actual engine of JSP, the page of JSP is the edit and translate type while carry out, not explain the type of. Explain the dynamic state web page development tool of the type, such as ASP, PHP3 etc., because speed etc. reason, have already can't satisfy current the large electronic commerce needs appliedly, traditional development techniques are all at to edit and translate the executive way change, such as the ASP → ASP+;PHP3 → PHP4.In the JSP norm book, did not request the procedure in the JSP code part( be called the Scriptlet) and must write with the Java definitely. Actually, have some engines of JSP are adoptive other script languages such as the EMAC- Script, etc., but actually this a few script languages also are to set up on the Java, edit and translate for the Servlet to carry out of. Write according to the norm of JSP, have no Scriptlet of relation with Java also is can of, however, mainly lie in the ability and JavaBeans, the Enterprise JavaBeanses because of the JSP strong function to work together, so even is the Scriptlet part not to use the Java, edit and translate of performance code also should is related with Java.1.4JSP MECHANISMTo comprehend the JSP how unite the technical advantage that above various speak of, come to carry out various result easily, the customer must understand the differentiation of" the module develops for the web page of the center" and" the page develops for the web page of the center" first.The SSJS and ASP are all in several year ago to release, the network of that time is still very young, no one knows to still have in addition to making all business, datas and theexpression logic enter the original web page entirely heap what better solve the method. This kind of model that take page as the center studies and gets the very fast development easily. However, along with change of time, the people know that this kind of method is unwell in set up large, the Web that can upgrade applies the procedure. The expression logic write in the script environment was lock in the page, only passing to shear to slice and glue to stick then can drive heavy use. Express the logic to usually mix together with business and the data logics, when this makes be the procedure member to try to change an external appearance that applies the procedure but do not want to break with its llied business logic, apply the procedure of maintenance be like to walk the similar difficulty on the eggshell. In fact in the business enterprise, heavy use the application of the module already through very mature, no one would like to rewrite those logics for their applied procedure.HTML and sketch the designer handed over to the implement work of their design the Web plait the one who write, make they have to double work- Usually is the handicraft plait to write, because have no fit tool and can carry the script and the HTML contents knot to the server to put together. Chien but speech, apply the complexity of the procedure along with the Web to promote continuously, the development method that take page as the center limits sex to become to get up obviously.At the same time, the people always at look for the better method of build up the Web application procedure, the module spreads in customer's machine/ server the realm. JavaBeans and ActiveX were published the company to expand to apply the procedure developer for Java and Windows to use to come to develop the complicated procedure quickly by" the fast application procedure development"( RAD) tool. These techniques make the expert in the some realm be able to write the module for the perpendicular application plait in the skill area, but the developer can go fetch the usage directly but need not control the expertise of this realm.Be a kind of take module as the central development terrace, the JSP appeared. It with the JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans( EJB) module includes the model of the business and the data logic for foundation, provide a great deal of label and a script terraces to use to come to show in the HTML page from the contents of JavaBeans creation or send a present in return. Because of the property that regards the module as the center of the JSP, it can drive Java and not the developer of Java uses equally. Not the developer of Java can pass the JSP label( Tags) to use the JavaBeans that the deluxe developer of Java establish. The developer of Java not only can establish and use the JavaBeans, but also can use the language of Java to come to control more accurately in the JSP page according to the expression logic of the first floor JavaBeans.See now how JSP is handle claim of HTTP. In basic claim model, a claim directly was send to JSP page in. The code of JSP controls to carry on hour of the logic processing and module of JavaBeanses' hand over with each other, and the manifestation result in dynamic state bornly, mixing with the HTML page of the static state HTML code. The Beans can be JavaBeans or module of EJBs. Moreover, the more complicated claim model can see make from is request other JSP pages of the page call sign or Java Servlets.The engine of JSP wants to chase the code of Java that the label of JSP, code of Java in the JSP page even all converts into the big piece together with the static state HTML contents actually. These codes piece was organized the Java Servlet that customer can not see to go to by the engine of JSP, then the Servlet edits and translate them automatically byte code of Java.Thus, the visitant that is the website requests a JSP page, under the condition of it is not knowing, an already born, the Servlet actual full general that prepared to edit and translate completes all works, very concealment but again and efficiently. The Servlet is to edit and translate of, so the code of JSP in the web page does not need when the every time requests that page is explain. The engine of JSP need to be edit and translate after Servlet the code end is modify only once, then this Servlet that editted and translate can be carry out. The in view of the fact JSP engine auto is born to edit and translate the Servlet also, need not procedure member begins to edit and translate the code, so the JSP can bring vivid sex that function and fast developments need that you are efficiently.Compared with the traditional CGI, the JSP has the equal advantage. First, on the speed, the traditional procedure of CGI needs to use the standard importation of the system to output the equipments to carry out the dynamic state web page born, but the JSP is direct is mutually the connection with server. And say for the CGI, each interview needs to add to add a progress to handle, the progress build up and destroy by burning constantly and will be a not small burden for calculator of be the server of Web. The next in order, the JSP is specialized to develop but design for the Web of, its purpose is for building up according to the Web applied procedure, included the norm and the tool of a the whole set. Use the technique of JSP can combine a lot of JSP pages to become a Web application procedure very expediently.JSP的技术发展历史作者：Kathy Sierra and Bert Bates来源：Servlet&JSPJava Server Pages(JSP)是一种基于web的脚本编程技术，类似于网景公司的服务器端Java脚本语言——server-side JavaScript(SSJS)和微软的Active Server Pages(ASP)。

JSP概述

第1章JSP概述JSP（Java Server Pages）是由Sun公司以Java语言为脚本语言开发出来的一种动态网页制作技术，主要完成网页中服务器动态部分的编写。

该技术是在Servlet技术的基础上形成的，并继承了Java语言的多种优势，如安全性、支持多线程、平台无关性等。

与其他动态网页技术相比较，如ASP、PHP等，具有运行速度快、安全等特点。

本章将简要介绍JSP的产生到现状，并重点介绍构建JSP的运行平台，即Tomcat和JDK的安装及配置。

在本章最后给出一个JSP+JavaBean+Servlet实例，演示JSP各部分的运行情况。

➢了解Web技术的产生和发展。

➢了解JSP的产生和应用。

➢了解JSP的技术优势。

➢掌握常见JSP的设计模式。

➢掌握JDK下载、安装、配置。

➢掌握Tomcat下载、安装。

➢掌握编写JSP工作原理。

➢了解JSP页面包含元素。

➢了解JSP的开发流程。

1.1 JSP简介要熟练掌握JSP技术，首先需要了解JSP的产生和发展历史，明确JSP技术在Web技术中所占有位置，JSP技术能够解决的问题。

在本小节中，将主要介绍JSP形成的必然原因，与其他动态技术相比所具有的优势。

等，都得到了广泛应用。

JSP是它们中的佼佼者。

JSP（Java Server Pages）是由Sun Microsystem公司于1999推出的新技术，是基于Java Servlet 以及整个Java体系的Web开发技术。

利用这一技术可以建立先进、安全和跨平台的动态网站。

在传统的网页HTML文件（*.htm，*.html）中加入Java程序片段（Scriptlet）和JSP标记，就构成了JSP网页（*.jsp）。

Web服务器在收到访问JSP网页的请求时，首先执行其中的程序片段，然后将执行结果以HTML格式返回给客户。

程序片段可以操作数据库、重新定向网页、发送E-mail 等等，这就是建立动态网站所需要的功能。

计算机科学与技术专业JSP及其WEB技术大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：SP及其WEB技术文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文翻译原文及译文JSP and WEB technolog1 JSP IntroductionJSP (JavaServer Pages) is a Java-based scripting technology. Is advocated by Sun Microsystems Inc., together with a number of companies involved in the establishment of a dynamic web page technology standards. JSP technology is somewhat similar to ASP technology, It is a traditional HTML page file (*. htm, *. html) to insert Java program segment (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag), To form the JSP file（*jsp）. Web development with JSP is a cross-platform applications that can run under Linux, but also in other operating systems. In the JSP of the many advantages, one of which is that it will be HTML encoded Web page from the business logic separated effectively. JSP access with reusable components, such as Servlet, JavaBean and Java-based Web applications. JSP also supports directly in the Web page embedded Java code. JSP can be used two ways to access documents: JSP documents sent by the browser request, the request sent to the Servlet. JSP technology uses Java programming language, XML-type tags and scriptlets, to have a package deal with the logic of dynamic pages. Page tags and scriptlets can also exist in the server access to the resources of the application logic. JSP logic and Web page design and display isolated and support reusable component-based design, Web-based applications more quickly and easily developed.The Web server when meets visits the JSP homepage the request, first carries out segment, will then carry out the result code to return together with JSP in the document HTML for the customer. The insertion Java segment may operate the database, again the directional homepage and so on, realizes the function which the establishment dynamic homepage needs. JSP and Java Servlet are the same, is in the server end execution, usually returns to this client side is a HTML text, therefore client side, so long as has the browser to be able to glance over.The JSP page is composed of the HTML code and the inserting Java code. The server in the page by the client side was requested that later will carry on processing to these Java code, will then produce the HTML page will return gives the client side thebrowser. Java Servlet is the JSP technology base, moreover the large-scale Web application procedure's development needs Java Servlet and the JSP coordination can complete. JSP had the Java technology simply easy to use, complete object-oriented, had the platform independency, and safe reliable, mainly faced Internet's all characteristics.2 JSP computing techniqueTo carry on the dynamic website conveniently fast the development, JSP has made the improvement in the following several aspects, causes it to become builds the cross platform fast the dynamic website first choice plan.2.1 carries on the content production and the demonstration separatesWith the JSP technology, the Web page development personnel may use HTML or the XML marking design and the formatted final page, and uses the JSP marking or the tootsy produces on page's dynamic content originally. Production content's logic is sealed in marks and in the JavaBeans module, and ties up in the script, all scripts in server end movement. Because core logic is sealed in marks and in JavaBeans, therefore the Web administrative personnels and the page designer, can edit and use the JSP page, but does not affect the content the production. In the server end, the JSP engine explained that the JSP marking and the script, produce the content which requested, and (or XML) page's form transmits the result by HTML the browser. This both are helpful in the author protects own code, and can guarantee any based on the HTML Web browser's complete usability.2.2 may entrust with heavy responsibility the moduleThe overwhelming majority JSP page relies on may entrust with heavy responsibility, the cross platform module (JavaBeans or Enterprise the JavaBeans module) carries out complex processing which the application procedure requests. The development personnel can share and exchange the execution ordinary operation the module, or causes these modules uses for more users and the customer association. Has accelerated the overall development process based on module's method, and causes each kind of organization obtains balanced in their existing skill and in the optimized result development endeavor.2.3 uses markingThe Web page development personnel will not be the familiar script languageprogrammers. The JSP technology has sealed many functions, these functions are easy to use, marking to carry on the dynamic content production with JSP in the related XML to need. The standard JSP marking can visit and the instantiation JavaBeans module, the establishment or the retrieval module attribute, downloads Applet, as well as the execution difficulty with codes and the time-consuming function with other methods.2.4 adapts the platformNearly all platforms support Java, JSP+JavaBeans to be possible to pass unimpeded nearly under all platforms. Transplants from a platform to other platform, JSP and JavaBeans does not even need to translate, because the Java byte code is standard has nothing to do with the platform.2.5 database connectionIn Java connects the database the technology is the JDBC, Java procedure is connected through the JDBC driver and the database, operations and so on execution inquiry, extraction data. Sun Corporation has also developed JDBC-ODBC bridge, uses this technical Java procedure to be possible to visit has the ODBC driver database, at present the majority database systems have the ODBC driver, therefore the Java procedure can visit such as Oracle, Sybase, MS SQL Server and databases and so on MS Access. In addition, through the development marking storehouse, the JSP technology may further expand. The third party development personnel and other personnel may found their marking storehouse for the commonly used function. This enables the Web page development personnel to be able to use the familiar tool and to be similar to marking same carries out the specific function component to carry on the work. The JSP technology very easy conformity to many kinds of application architecture, to use the extant tool and the skill, and can expand to the support enterprise distributional application.3 Eclipse function synopsisMore and more Java development personnel already started the productivity which and the quality income appreciates Eclipse JDT to provide. It was the Java editor provides grammar Gao Liang to demonstrate that the formatting, the fold, the content were auxiliary, code template and so on many functions. It grows unceasingly available restructuring and the code generation function set permits you in a higher rank the operation code, andautomated usual code intensity duty and easy wrong duty. Moreover, in develops the code and uses JDT to compile and to carry out the JUnit test built-in support carries on the unit testing after the code, may use Eclipse the first-class Java debugger debugging when the movement meets any question. Besides JDT, Eclipse SDK- the most popular downloading - also contains Plug-in Development Environment(PDE). PDE used the specific function to expand JDT to construct the Eclipse plug-in unit - based on the Eclipse application procedure basic construction agglomeration. In fact, uses the tool which provides by Eclipse itself to be able to surmount the Java development, may expand the existing Eclipse application procedure, or even founds the brand-new application procedure.Eclipse by a script level constitution, contains in many functional modules or the Eclipse terminology so-called “the plug-in unit”. The plug-in unit is provides all functions in the Eclipse application procedure the module. They cooperate through its API to pay the final outcome together. In Eclipse, even the most foundation's function, for instance the search and the start installment's plug-in unit, seals in the plug-in unit. In order to expand the existing Eclipse function or carry on the construction in above, the plug-in unit the concrete expansion contribution for the expansion spot which will expose by other plug-in units. Usually, the plug-in unit concentrates the specific region responsibility, and gives through or a many expansion way other responsibility designation other plug-in units. For example, a plug-in unit allows you parallel to compare two documents visibly the contents, but it will not care how to read these documents even how to explain these document structure; This is other plug-in unit's work. When compared with two documents, this plug-in unit first inspects whether to have another plug-in unit to be possible to explain these document structure. If found one, it to the plug-in unit inquiry related file organization information which found, and used this information in the comparison process.May see that the modular construction was Eclipse has provided the huge flexibility, and provided one to be possible to support the massive application procedure platform which the original design has not expected.4 Structs function synopsisStruts is a MVC frame (Framework), uses in developing Java fast the Web application.Struts realizes the key point in C(Controller), Action which and we have custom-made including ActionServlet/RequestProcessor, was also V(View) provides a series of rows to have custom-made the label (Custom Tag). Spring is a light vessel (light-weight container), its core is the Bean factory (Bean Factory), with constructs M(Model) which we need. Above this foundation, Spring has provided AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming, face stratification plane programming) realization, provides under the non-management environment with it to declare services and so on way business, security; Is more convenient to Bean factory expansion ApplicationContext we to realize the J2EE application; DAO/ORM realizes facilitates us to carry on the database the development; Web MVC and Spring Web have provided Java the Web application frame or carries on the integration with other popular Web frame. That is may a both use, achieve both own characteristic carries on supplementary.Structs is the kind which, servlet and the JSP mark a group cooperates mutually, they compose the MVC 2 designs which may entrust with heavy responsibility. This definition expressed that Struts is a frame, but is not a storehouse, but Struts has also contained the rich mark storehouse and the independence in this frame work utility program class.Client browser (customer browser), the request founds an event from customer browser's each HTTP. The Web vessel will use a HTTP response to make the response.Controller (controller), the controller receive from browser's request, and decided that sends out where this request. Speaking of Struts, the controller is an order design pattern which realizes by servlet. struts-config.xml document disposition controller.Service logic, the service logic renewal model's condition, and helps the control application procedure the flow. Speaking of Struts, this is through takes the actual service logic “thin” the packing Action kind to complete.Model (model) condition, model expression application procedure condition. Service object renewal application procedure condition. ActionForm bean in conversation level or request level expression model condition, but is not in the lasting level. The JSP document uses JSP to mark the read from the ActionForm bean information.View (view), the view is a JSP document. And does not have the flow logic, does not have the service logic, also does not have the model information -- Only then marks. The mark causes Struts is different with other frames (for example Velocity) one of factors.Just like the Struts controller is (event usually is HTTP post) maps the event kind of。

JSP及其WEB技术中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)JSP and WEB technolog1 JSP IntroductionJSP (JavaServer Pages) is a Java-based scripting technology. Is advocated by Sun Microsystems Inc., together with a number of companies involved in the establishment of a dynamic web page technology standards. JSP technology is somewhat similar to ASP technology, It is a traditional HTML page file (*. htm, *. html) to insert Java program segment (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag), To form the JSP file（*jsp）. Web development with JSP is a cross-platform applications that can run under Linux, but also in other operating systems. In the JSP of the many advantages, one of which is that it will be HTML encoded Web page from the business logic separated effectively. JSP access with reusable components, such as Servlet, JavaBean and Java-based Web applications. JSP also supports directly in the Web page embedded Java code. JSP can be used two ways to access documents: JSP documents sent by the browser request, the request sent to the Servlet. JSP technology uses Java programming language, XML-type tags and scriptlets, to have a package deal with the logic of dynamic pages. Page tags and scriptlets can also exist in the server access to the resources of the application logic. JSP logic and Web page design and display isolated and support reusable component-based design, Web-based applications more quickly and easily developed.The Web server when meets visits the JSP homepage the request, first carries out segment, will then carry out the result code to return together with JSP in the document HTML for the customer. The insertion Java segment may operate the database, again the directional homepage and so on, realizes the function which the establishment dynamic homepage needs. JSP and Java Servlet are the same, is in the server end execution, usually returns to this client side is a HTML text, therefore client side, so long as has the browser to be able to glance over.The JSP page is composed of the HTML code and the inserting Java code. The server in the page by the client side was requested that later will carry on processing to these Java code, will then produce the HTML page will return gives the client side the browser. Java Servlet is the JSP technology base, moreover the large-scale Web applicationprocedure's development needs Java Servlet and the JSP coordination can complete. JSP had the Java technology simply easy to use, complete object-oriented, had the platform independency, and safe reliable, mainly faced Internet's all characteristics.2 JSP computing techniqueTo carry on the dynamic website conveniently fast the development, JSP has made the improvement in the following several aspects, causes it to become builds the cross platform fast the dynamic website first choice plan.2.1 carries on the content production and the demonstration separatesWith the JSP technology, the Web page development personnel may use HTML or the XML marking design and the formatted final page, and uses the JSP marking or the tootsy produces on page's dynamic content originally. Production content's logic is sealed in marks and in the JavaBeans module, and ties up in the script, all scripts in server end movement. Because core logic is sealed in marks and in JavaBeans, therefore the Web administrative personnels and the page designer, can edit and use the JSP page, but does not affect the content the production. In the server end, the JSP engine explained that the JSP marking and the script, produce the content which requested, and (or XML) page's form transmits the result by HTML the browser. This both are helpful in the author protects own code, and can guarantee any based on the HTML Web browser's complete usability.2.2 may entrust with heavy responsibility the moduleThe overwhelming majority JSP page relies on may entrust with heavy responsibility, the cross platform module (JavaBeans or Enterprise the JavaBeans module) carries out complex processing which the application procedure requests. The development personnel can share and exchange the execution ordinary operation the module, or causes these modules uses for more users and the customer association. Has accelerated the overall development process based on module's method, and causes each kind of organization obtains balanced in their existing skill and in the optimized result development endeavor.2.3 uses markingThe Web page development personnel will not be the familiar script language programmers. The JSP technology has sealed many functions, these functions are easy touse, marking to carry on the dynamic content production with JSP in the related XML to need. The standard JSP marking can visit and the instantiation JavaBeans module, the establishment or the retrieval module attribute, downloads Applet, as well as the execution difficulty with codes and the time-consuming function with other methods.2.4 adapts the platformNearly all platforms support Java, JSP+JavaBeans to be possible to pass unimpeded nearly under all platforms. Transplants from a platform to other platform, JSP and JavaBeans does not even need to translate, because the Java byte code is standard has nothing to do with the platform.2.5 database connectionIn Java connects the database the technology is the JDBC, Java procedure is connected through the JDBC driver and the database, operations and so on execution inquiry, extraction data. Sun Corporation has also developed JDBC-ODBC bridge, uses this technical Java procedure to be possible to visit has the ODBC driver database, at present the majority database systems have the ODBC driver, therefore the Java procedure can visit such as Oracle, Sybase, MS SQL Server and databases and so on MS Access. In addition, through the development marking storehouse, the JSP technology may further expand. The third party development personnel and other personnel may found their marking storehouse for the commonly used function. This enables the Web page development personnel to be able to use the familiar tool and to be similar to marking same carries out the specific function component to carry on the work. The JSP technology very easy conformity to many kinds of application architecture, to use the extant tool and the skill, and can expand to the support enterprise distributional application.3 Eclipse function synopsisMore and more Java development personnel already started the productivity which and the quality income appreciates Eclipse JDT to provide. It was the Java editor provides grammar Gao Liang to demonstrate that the formatting, the fold, the content were auxiliary, code template and so on many functions. It grows unceasingly available restructuring and the code generation function set permits you in a higher rank the operation code, and automated usual code intensity duty and easy wrong duty. Moreover, in develops the codeand uses JDT to compile and to carry out the JUnit test built-in support carries on the unit testing after the code, may use Eclipse the first-class Java debugger debugging when the movement meets any question. Besides JDT, Eclipse SDK- the most popular downloading - also contains Plug-in Development Environment(PDE). PDE used the specific function to expand JDT to construct the Eclipse plug-in unit - based on the Eclipse application procedure basic construction agglomeration. In fact, uses the tool which provides by Eclipse itself to be able to surmount the Java development, may expand the existing Eclipse application procedure, or even founds the brand-new application procedure.Eclipse by a script level constitution, contains in many functional modules or the Eclipse terminology so-called “the plug-in unit”. The plug-in unit is provides all functions in the Eclipse application procedure the module. They cooperate through its API to pay the final outcome together. In Eclipse, even the most foundation's function, for instance the search and the start installment's plug-in unit, seals in the plug-in unit. In order to expand the existing Eclipse function or carry on the construction in above, the plug-in unit the concrete expansion contribution for the expansion spot which will expose by other plug-in units. Usually, the plug-in unit concentrates the specific region responsibility, and gives through or a many expansion way other responsibility designation other plug-in units. For example, a plug-in unit allows you parallel to compare two documents visibly the contents, but it will not care how to read these documents even how to explain these document structure; This is other plug-in unit's work. When compared with two documents, this plug-in unit first inspects whether to have another plug-in unit to be possible to explain these document structure. If found one, it to the plug-in unit inquiry related file organization information which found, and used this information in the comparison process.May see that the modular construction was Eclipse has provided the huge flexibility, and provided one to be possible to support the massive application procedure platform which the original design has not expected.4 Structs function synopsisStruts is a MVC frame (Framework), uses in developing Java fast the Web application. Struts realizes the key point in C(Controller), Action which and we have custom-madeincluding ActionServlet/RequestProcessor, was also V(View) provides a series of rows to have custom-made the label (Custom Tag). Spring is a light vessel (light-weight container), its core is the Bean factory (Bean Factory), with constructs M(Model) which we need. Above this foundation, Spring has provided AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming, face stratification plane programming) realization, provides under the non-management environment with it to declare services and so on way business, security; Is more convenient to Bean factory expansion ApplicationContext we to realize the J2EE application; DAO/ORM realizes facilitates us to carry on the database the development; Web MVC and Spring Web have provided Java the Web application frame or carries on the integration with other popular Web frame. That is may a both use, achieve both own characteristic carries on supplementary.Structs is the kind which, servlet and the JSP mark a group cooperates mutually, they compose the MVC 2 designs which may entrust with heavy responsibility. This definition expressed that Struts is a frame, but is not a storehouse, but Struts has also contained the rich mark storehouse and the independence in this frame work utility program class.Client browser (customer browser), the request founds an event from customer browser's each HTTP. The Web vessel will use a HTTP response to make the response.Controller (controller), the controller receive from browser's request, and decided that sends out where this request. Speaking of Struts, the controller is an order design pattern which realizes by servlet. struts-config.xml document disposition controller.Service logic, the service logic renewal model's condition, and helps the control application procedure the flow. Speaking of Struts, this is through takes the actual service logic “thin” the packing Action kind to complete.Model (model) condition, model expression application procedure condition. Service object renewal application procedure condition. ActionForm bean in conversation level or request level expression model condition, but is not in the lasting level. The JSP document uses JSP to mark the read from the ActionForm bean information.View (view), the view is a JSP document. And does not have the flow logic, does not have the service logic, also does not have the model information -- Only then marks. The mark causes Struts is different with other frames (for example Velocity) one of factors.Just like the Struts controller is (event usually is HTTP post) maps the event kind of servlet. you to expect - the air-operated controller use configuration files to cause you notto need to carry on to these values the hard code. The time has changed, but method as before.The Action kind, ActionForm maintains the Web application procedure the conversation condition. ActionForm is one abstract class, must found this kind of subclass for each input form model. When I said when input form model, what refers to the ActionForm expression is establishes or in the renewal general sense data by the HTML form.The Action kind is service logic packing. A Action kind of use is transforms HttpServletRequest into the service logic. Must use Action, please found its subclass and covers process () the method.ActionServlet (Command) will use perform () the method the parametrization kind to transmit for ActionForm. Still did not have too many repugnant request.getParameter () to transfer. When the event progresses to this step, the input form data (or HTML form data) has been withdrawn from the request class and shifts to the ActionForm kind.Considered that a Action kind of another way is the Adapter design pattern. The Action use will be “a kind of connection will transform another connection which will need for the client. Adapter enables the kind the joint operation, if does not have Adapter, then these kinds will be unable because of the incompatible connection the joint operation.”. In this example's client is ActionServlet, it knows nothing about to our concrete service class connection. Therefore, Struts has provided a service connection which it can understand, namely Action. Through expands Action, we cause our service connection and the Struts service connection maintain compatible.5 CSS synopsisThe CSS edition method is the same with HTML, may also be any text editor or the homepage edition software, but also has uses for to edit CSS specially the software. If you write the CSS sentence regards the exterior cascading style sheet, but transfers in the HTML document, then its extension saves .css to be possible. Initially the technical personnel found out HTML, mainly stresses on the definition content, for instance expressed that a paragraph, indicates the title, but excessively has not designed HTML the typesetting and the contact surface effect.Along with the Internet rapid development, HTML is widely applied, the surfer people hoped certainly that the homepage makes attractive, therefore the HTMLtypesetting and the contact surface effect's limitation exposes day by day. In order to solve this problem, the people also took many tortuous paths, has used some not good method, for instance increases many attribute results to HTML becomes the code very extremely fat, turns the picture the text, excessively many comes the typesetting using Table, expresses the white space with the blank picture and so on. Appears until CSS.CSS may be a homepage design breakthrough, it has solved the homepage contact surface typesetting difficult problem. May such say that HTML Tag is mainly defines the homepage content (Content), but CSS decided how these homepage content does demonstrate (Layout). The CSS English is Cascading Style Sheets, Chinese may translate the tandem cascading style sheet. CSS may divide into three kinds according to its position: In inlays the style (Inline Style), internal cascading style sheet (Internal Style Sheet), exterior cascading style sheet (External Style Sheet).6 HTML function synopsisHyper Text Markup the Language hypertext mark language is one kind uses for to manufacture the hypertext documents the simple mark language. The hypertext documents which compiles with HTML are called the HTML documents, it can the independence in each kind of operating system platform (for example UNIX, WINDOWS and so on). HTML has served as since 1990 on World Wide Web the information to express the language, uses in describing the Homepage form design and it and on WWW the other Homepage linked information.The HTML documents (i.e. the Homepage source document) was one has laid aside the mark ASCII text document, usually it had .html or the .htm document extension. Produces HTML documents mainly to have the following three ways: 1. the manual direct compilation (e.g. ASCII text editor which or other HTML edition tool likes with you). 2. will have other form documents through certain format conversion tool (for example the WORD documents) to transform the HTML documents. 3. by the Web server (or said that the HTTP server) one only then real-time dynamic produces. the HTML language is through uses each kind of mark (tags) to mark the documents the structure as well as marks the ultra chain (Hyperlink) the information.Although the HTML language described the documents structure form, but how can't define the documents information to precisely demonstrate and arrange, but is onlysuggested how the Web browser (for example Mosiac, Netscape and so on) should demonstrate and arrange these information, is decided finally in front of user's demonstration result by the Web browser's demonstration style and to the mark explanatory ability. Why is the identical documents the effect which demonstrated in the different browser meets is dissimilar. At present the HTML language's edition is 2.0, it is based on SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language, standard sets at sign language generally, as soon as is applies mechanically describes digitized documents structure and manages its content complex standard) a subset to evolve comes. Although in next edition's standard HTML3.0 (is also called HTML+) to draw up, but some the partial experimental nature draft standard widely has been used, the mostly outstanding Web browser (for example Netscape and so on) can explain in the HTML3.0 part new mark, therefore introduced in this chapter some HTML3.0 new mark has been accepted by the most browsers.7 Js script language synopsisJS is javascrip, Javascript is one kind the script language which comes by the Netscape LiveScript development, the main purpose is to solve the server terminal language, for instance Perl, carry-over speed question. At that time served the end to need to carry on the confirmation to the data, because the network speed was quite slow, only then 28.8kbps, the confirmation step waste's time were too many. Therefore Netscape browser Navigator has joined Javascript, has provided the data confirmation basic function.The JavaScript official name is “ECMAScript”. This s tandard by ECMA organization development and maintenance. ECMA-262 is the official JavaScript standard. This standard based on JavaScript (Netscape) and JScript (Microsoft). Netscape (Navigator 2.0) Brendan Eich has invented this language, started from 1996, already appeared in all Netscape and in the Microsoft browser. The ECMA-262 development began in 1996, in 1997 July, the ECMA general meeting has accepted its first edition.Script script uses one specific descriptive language, rests on certain form compilation to be possible the execution document, is also called as great or the batch run document. The script usually may transfer temporarily by the application procedure and carry out. Each kind of script present widely is applied in the homepage design, because the script not only may reduce the homepage the scale and raises the homepage browsing speed,moreover may enrich the homepage performance, like animation, sound and so on. Cites a most common example, when we click in the homepage the E-mail address can transfer Outlook Express or the Foxmail this kind of mail software automatically, is realizes through the script function. Also because of script these characteristics, the human who harbors ulterior motives by some are often using. For example joins some destruction computer system's order in the script, like this works as the user browsing homepage, once transfers this kind of script, will then cause the user the system to come under the attack. Therefore the user should act according to visits homepage the trust degree selective security rank, specially regarding these itself content on the illegal homepage, do not permit the use script easily. Through “the safe establishment” the dialog box, the choice “the script” under option each kind of estab lishment may with ease realize to script being forbid and begins using.Present's script language is quite many, script language execution generally only with concrete explanation actuator related, so long as therefore on the system has the corresponding language interpreter to be possible to achieve the cross platform. Script (Script), is includes order and so on bind and alias sets, you may save this set are an independent document then in the time which needs carries out, like this may facilitate you in the CS use. The script may save for the suffix named .cfg document places under the cstrike folder, when execution in control bench input: exec (script filename) .cfg then. For instance saves a script is the buys.cfg document, inputs in the control bench: execbuys.cfg may realize the function which we need. Must realize an order, so long as is good this process definition (alias), and assigns a key position for this order, so long as later according to will assign the good key position, may realize this proceJSP及其WEB技术. 1 JSP简介JSP（JavaServer Pages）是一种基于Java的脚本技术。

英文文献及翻译(Servlet和JSP技术简述)

An Overview of Servlet and JSP TechnologyNagle ,WiegleyAbstract: Servlet program running in the server-side, dynamically generated Web page with the traditional CGI and many other similar compared to CGI technology, Java Servlet with a more efficient, easier to use, more powerful and has better portability, more savings to invest. .Keywords: JSP Technology;Servlet;HTTP server1. A Servlet's JobServlets are Java programs that run on Web or application servers, acting as a middle layer between requests coming from Web browsers or other HTTP clients and databases or applications on the HTTP server. Their job is to perform the following tasks, as illustrated in Figure 1-1.Figure 1-1Web middleware role1.1 Read the explicit data sent by the client.The end user normally enters this data in an HTML form on a Web page. However, the data could also come from an applet or a custom HTTP client program.1.2 Read the implicit HTTP request data sent by the browser.Figure 1-1 shows a single arrow going from the client to the Web server (the layer where servlets and JSP execute), but there are really two varieties of data: the explicit data that the end user enters in a form and the behind-the-scenes HTTP information. Both varieties are critical. The HTTP information includes cookies, information about media types and compression schemes the browser understands, and so on.1.3 Generate the results.This process may require talking to a database, executing an RMI or EJB call, invoking a Web service, or computing the response directly. Your real data may be in a relational database. Fine. But your database probably doesn't speak HTTP or return results in HTML, so the Web browser can't talk directly to the database. Even if it could, for security reasons, you probably would not want it to. The same argument applies to most other applications.You need the Web middle layer to extract the results inside a document.1.4 Send the explicit data (i.e., the document) to the client.This document can be sent in a variety of formats, including text (HTML or XML), binary (GIF images), or even a compressed format like gzip that is layered on top of some other underlying format. But, HTML is by far the most common format, so an important servlet/JSP task is to wrap the results inside of HTML.1.5 Send the implicit HTTP response data.Figure 1-1 shows a single arrow going from the Web middle layer (the servlet or JSP page) to the client. But, there are really two varieties of data sent: the document itself and the behind-the-scenes HTTP information. Again, both varieties are critical to effective development. Sending HTTP response data involves telling the browser or other client what type of document is being returned (e.g., HTML), setting cookies and caching parameters, and other such tasks.2 Why Build Web Pages Dynamically?many client requests can be satisfied by prebuilt documents, and the server would handle these requests without invoking servlets. In many cases, however, a static result is not sufficient, and a page needs to be generated for each request. There are a number of reasons why Web pages need to be built on-the-fly:2.1 The Web page is based on data sent by the client.For instance, the results page from search engines and order-confirmation pages at online stores are specific to particular user requests. You don't know what to display until you read the data that the user submits. Just remember that the user submits two kinds of data: explicit (i.e., HTML form data) and implicit (i.e., HTTP request headers). Either kind of input can be used to build the output page. In particular, it is quite common to build a user-specific page based on a cookie value.2.2 The Web page is derived from data that changes frequently.If the page changes for every request, then you certainly need to build the response at request time. If it changes only periodically, however, you could do it two ways: you could periodically build a new Web page on the server (independently of client requests), or you could wait and only build the page when the user requests it. The right approach depends on the situation, but sometimes it is more convenient to do the latter: wait for the user request. For example, a weather report or news headlines site might build the pages dynamically, perhaps returning a previously built page if that page is still up to date.2.3 The Web page uses information from corporate databases or other server-side sources.If the information is in a database, you need server-side processing even if the client is using dynamic Web content such as an applet. Imagine using an applet by itself for a search engine site:"Downloading 50 terabyte applet, please wait!" Obviously, that is silly; you need to talk to the database. Going from the client to the Web tier to the database (a three-tier approach) instead of from an applet directly to a database (a two-tier approach) provides increased flexibility and security with little or no performance penalty. After all, the database call is usually the rate-limiting step, so going through the Web server does not slow things down. In fact, a three-tier approach is often faster because the middle tier can perform caching and connection pooling.In principle, servlets are not restricted to Web or application servers that handle HTTP requests but can be used for other types of servers as well. For example, servlets could be embedded in FTP or mail servers to extend their functionality. And, a servlet API for SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) servers was recently standardized (see /en/jsr/detail?id=116). In practice, however, this use of servlets has not caught on, and we'll only be discussing HTTP servlets.3 The Advantages of Servlets Over "Traditional" CGIJava servlets are more efficient, easier to use, more powerful, more portable, safer, and cheaper than traditional CGI and many alternative CGI-like technologies. 3.1 EfficientWith traditional CGI, a new process is started for each HTTP request. If the CGI program itself is relatively short, the overhead of starting the process can dominate the execution time. With servlets, the Java virtual machine stays running and handles each request with a lightweight Java thread, not a heavyweight operating system process. Similarly, in traditional CGI, if there are N requests to the same CGI program, the code for the CGI program is loaded into memory N times. With servlets, however, there would be N threads, but only a single copy of the servlet class would be loaded. This approach reduces server memory requirements and saves time by instantiating fewer objects. Finally, when a CGI program finishes handling a request, the program terminates. This approach makes it difficult to cache computations, keep database connections open, and perform other optimizations that rely on persistent data. Servlets, however, remain in memory even after they complete a response, so it is straightforward to store arbitrarily complex data between client requests.3.2 ConvenientServlets have an extensive infrastructure for automatically parsing and decoding HTML form data, reading and setting HTTP headers, handling cookies, tracking sessions, and many other such high-level utilities. In CGI, you have to do much of this yourself. Besides, if you already know the Java programming language, why learn Perl too? You're already convinced that Java technology makes for more reliable and reusable code than does Visual Basic, VBScript, or C++. Why go back to those languages for server-side programming?3.3 PowerfulServlets support several capabilities that are difficult or impossible to accomplishwith regular CGI. Servlets can talk directly to the Web server, whereas regular CGI programs cannot, at least not without using a server-specific API. Communicating with the Web server makes it easier to translate relative URLs into concrete path names, for instance. Multiple servlets can also share data, making it easy to implement database connection pooling and similar resource-sharing optimizations. Servlets can also maintain information from request to request, simplifying techniques like session tracking and caching of previous computations.3.4 PortableServlets are written in the Java programming language and follow a standard API. Servlets are supported directly or by a plugin on virtually every major Web server. Consequently, servlets written for, say, Macromedia JRun can run virtually unchanged on Apache Tomcat, Microsoft Internet Information Server (with a separate plugin), IBM WebSphere, iPlanet Enterprise Server, Oracle9i AS, or StarNine WebStar. They are part of the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE; see /j2ee/), so industry support for servlets is becoming even more pervasive.3.5 InexpensiveA number of free or very inexpensive Web servers are good for development use or deployment of low- or medium-volume Web sites. Thus, with servlets and JSP you can start with a free or inexpensive server and migrate to more expensive servers with high-performance capabilities or advanced administration utilities only after your project meets initial success. This is in contrast to many of the other CGI alternatives, which require a significant initial investment for the purchase of a proprietary package.Price and portability are somewhat connected. For example, Marty tries to keep track of the countries of readers that send him questions by email. India was near the top of the list, probably behind the U.S. Marty also taught one of his JSP and servlet training courses (see /) in Manila, and there was great interest in servlet and JSP technology there.Now, why are India and the Philippines both so interested? We surmise that the answer is twofold. First, both countries have large pools of well-educated software developers. Second, both countries have (or had, at that time) highly unfavorable currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar. So, buying a special-purpose Web server from a U.S. company consumed a large part of early project funds.But, with servlets and JSP, they could start with a free server: Apache Tomcat (either standalone, embedded in the regular Apache Web server, or embedded in Microsoft IIS). Once the project starts to become successful, they could move to a server like Caucho Resin that had higher performance and easier administration but that is not free. But none of their servlets or JSP pages have to be rewritten. If their project becomes even larger, they might want to move to a distributed (clustered) environment. No problem: they could move to Macromedia JRun Professional, whichsupports distributed applications (Web farms). Again, none of their servlets or JSP pages have to be rewritten. If the project becomes quite large and complex, they might want to use Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) to encapsulate their business logic. So, they might switch to BEA WebLogic or Oracle9i AS. Again, none of their servlets or JSP pages have to be rewritten. Finally, if their project becomes even bigger, they might move it off of their Linux box and onto an IBM mainframe running IBM WebSphere. But once again, none of their servlets or JSP pages have to be rewritten.3.6 SecureOne of the main sources of vulnerabilities in traditional CGI stems from the fact that the programs are often executed by general-purpose operating system shells. So, the CGI programmer must be careful to filter out characters such as backquotes and semicolons that are treated specially by the shell. Implementing this precaution is harder than one might think, and weaknesses stemming from this problem are constantly being uncovered in widely used CGI libraries.A second source of problems is the fact that some CGI programs are processed by languages that do not automatically check array or string bounds. For example, in C and C++ it is perfectly legal to allocate a 100-element array and then write into the 999th "element," which is really some random part of program memory. So, programmers who forget to perform this check open up their system to deliberate or accidental buffer overflow attacks.Servlets suffer from neither of these problems. Even if a servlet executes a system call (e.g., with Runtime.exec or JNI) to invoke a program on the local operating system, it does not use a shell to do so. And, of course, array bounds checking and other memory protection features are a central part of the Java programming language.3.7 MainstreamThere are a lot of good technologies out there. But if vendors don't support them and developers don't know how to use them, what good are they? Servlet and JSP technology is supported by servers from Apache, Oracle, IBM, Sybase, BEA, Macromedia, Caucho, Sun/iPlanet, New Atlanta, ATG, Fujitsu, Lutris, Silverstream, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and many others. Several low-cost plugins add support to Microsoft IIS and Zeus as well. They run on Windows, Unix/Linux, MacOS, VMS, and IBM mainframe operating systems. They are the single most popular application of the Java programming language. They are arguably the most popular choice for developing medium to large Web applications. They are used by the airline industry (most United Airlines and Delta Airlines Web sites), e-commerce (), online banking (First USA Bank, Banco Popular de Puerto Rico), Web search engines/portals (), large financial sites (American Century Investments), and hundreds of other sites that you visit every day.Of course, popularity alone is no proof of good technology. Numerous counter-examples abound. But our point is that you are not experimenting with a newand unproven technology when you work with server-side Java.References：[1]Clifton G.M. Branham, Arthur Jonathan .Servlets and JSP in an undergraduate database course[J].Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications,2003(3):1490-1496.[2]Kirkegaard, Christian.Static analysis for Java servlets and JSP[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics),2006(4):336-352.[3]Nakaike,Takuya.JSP Splitting for improving execution performance[J].Proceedings - International Symposium on Applications and the Internet,2004[8]:117-126.[4]Hassan, Doaa .Developing a security typed java servlet[J].Proceedings - The 4th International Symposium on Information Assurance and Security,2008(10):215-220.Servlet和JSP技术简述Nagle ，Wiegley摘要：Servlet程序在服务器端运行，动态地生成Web页面与传统的CGI和许多其他类似CGI的技术相比，Java Servlet具有更高的效率，更容易使用，功能更强大，具有更好的可移植性，更节省投资。

JSP技术简介及特点(外文文献译文)

JSP Technology Conspectus and SpecialtiesThe JSP (Java Server Pages) technology is used by the Sun micro-system issued by the company to develop dynamic Web application technology. With its easy, cross-platform, in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short spa n of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards, and widely used in electr onic commerce, etc. In China, the JSP now also got more extensive attention; get a good development, more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are briefly introduced.The JSP a simple technology can quickly and with the method of generating W eb pages. Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applicati ons easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server, the browser and development tools work together.The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web technology, also not the first o ne, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynami c web technologies, such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technolo gies under dynamic web technology, the development and the JSP. Technical JSP the development background and development historyIn web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network informati on static on stock transactions evolution to acquisition of an operation and infrastru cture. In a variety of applications, may be used for based on Web client, look no res trictions.Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client a ccess and extremely simplified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a serve r, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry is r apidly to build on the client browser multilayer application.The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements developme nt of technical improvements. Static HTML to show relatively static content is righ t choice, the new challenge is to create the interaction based on Web applications, i n these procedures, the content of a Web page is based on the user's request or the state of the system, and are not predefined characters.For the problem of an early solution is to use a CGI - BIN interface. Developer s write to interface with the relevant procedures and separate based on Web applica tions, the latter through the Web server to invoke the former. This plan has serious problem -- each new extensible CGI requirements in a new process on the server. I f multiple concurrent users access to this procedure, these processes will use the W eb server of all available resources, and the performance of the system will be redu ced to extremely low.Some Web server providers have to provide for their server by plugins "and" th e API to simplify the Web application development. These solutions are associated with certain Web server, cannot solve the span multiple suppliers solutions. For exa mple, Microsoft's Active Server mix (ASP) technology in the Web page to create d ynamic content more easily, but also can work in Microsoft on Personal Web Serve r and IIS.There are other solutions, but cannot make an ordinary page designers can easi ly master. For example, such as the Servlet Java technologies can use Java languag e interaction application server code easier. Developers to write such Servlet to rec eive signals from the Web browser to generate an HTTP request, a dynamic respon se (may be inquires the database to finish the request), then send contain HTML or XML documents to the response of the browser.Note: one is based on a Java Servlet Java technical operation in the server pro gram (with different, the latter operating in the Applet browser end). In this book th e Servlet chapter .Using this method, the entire page must have made in Java Servlet. If develope rs or Web managers want to adjust page, you'll have to edit and recompile the Servl et Java, even in logic has been able to run. Using this method, the dynamic content with the application of the page still need to develop skills.Obviously, what is needed is a industry to create dynamic content within the sc ope of the pages of the solution. This program will solve the current scheme are li mited. As follows:can on any Web server or applications. will application page displays and separation. can rapidly developing and testing.simplify the interactive development based on Web application process. TheJSP technology is designed to meet such requirements. The JSP specification is a Web server, application server, trading system and develops extensive cooperation between the tool suppliers. From this standard to develop the existing integration a nd balance of Java programming environment (for example, Java Servlet and Java Beans) support techniques and tools. The result is a kind of new and developing m ethod based on Web applications, using component-based application logic page de signers with powerful functions.Overall Semantics of a JSP PageA JSP page implementation class defines a JSP Service () method mapping fro m the request to the response object. Some details of this transformation are specifi c to the scripting language used (see Chapter JSP.9, “Scripting”). Most details are n ot language specific and are described in this chapter.The content of a JSP page is devoted largely to describing the data that is writt en into the output stream of the response. (The JSP container usually sends this dat a back to the client.) The description is based on a JSP Writer object that is expose d through the implicit object out (see Section JSP.1.8.3, “Implicit Objects”). Its val ue varies:Initially, out is a new JSP Writer object. This object may be different from the stream object returned from response, get Writer (), and may be considered to be in terposed on the latter in order to implement buffering (see Section JSP.1.10.1, “The page Directive”). This is the initial out object. JSP page authors are prohibited fro m writing directly to either the Print Writer or Output Stream associated with the S ervlet Response.The JSP container should not invoke response.get Writer () until the time when the first portion of the content is to be sent to the client. This enables a number of uses of JSP, including using JSP as a language to “glue” actions that deliver binary content, or reliably forwarding to a Servlet, or change dynamically the content type of the response before generating content. See Chapter JSP.4, “Internationalization Issues”.Within the body of some actions, out may be temporarily re-assigned to a diffe rent (nested) instance of a JSP Writer object. Whether this is the case depends on th e details of the action’s semantics. Typically the content of these temporary streams is appended to the stream previously referred to by out, and out is subsequently re-assigned to refer to the previous (nesting) stream. Such nested streams are always b uffered, and require explicit flushing to a nesting stream or their contents will be di scarded.If the initial out JSP Writer object is buffered, then depending upon the value o f the auto-Flush attribute of the page directive, the content of that buffer will either be automatically flushed out to the Servlet Response output stream to obviate overf low, or an exception shall be thrown to signal buffer overflow. If the initial out JSP Writer is unbuffered, then content written to it will be passed directly through to th e Servlet Response output stream.A JSP page can also describe what should happen when some specific events o ccur. In JSP 2.1, the only events that can be described are the initialization and the destruction of the page. These events are described using “well-known method na mes” in declaration elements..JavaScript is used for the first kind is browser, the dynamic general purpose of client scripting language. Netscape first proposed in 1995, but its JavaScript Live S cript called. Then quickly Netscape Live Script renamed JavaScript, Java develope rs with them from the same issued a statement. A statement Java and JavaScript wil l complement each other, but they are different, so the technology of the many dis missed the misunderstanding of the two technologies.JavaScript to create user interface control provides a scripting language. In fact , in the browser into the JavaScript code logic. It can support such effect: when the cursor on the Web page of a mobile user input validation or transform image.Microsoft also writes out their JavaScript version and the JSP script called. Mi crosoft and Netscape support JavaScript and JSP script around core characteristics and European Manufacturers is made by (ECMA) standards organization, the contr ol standard of scripting language. ECMA its scripting language ECMAScript name d.Servlets and JSP often include fragments of information that are common to an organization, such as logos, copyrights, trademarks, or navigation bars. The web a pplication uses the include mechanisms to import the information wherever it is ne eded, since it is easier to change content in one place then to maintain it in every pi ece of code where it is used. Some of this information is static and either never or r arely changes, such as an organization's logo. In other cases, the information is more dynamic and changes often and unpredictably, such as a textual greeting that mus t be localized for each user. In both cases, you want to ensure that the servlet or JS P can evolve independently of its included content, and that the implementation of the servlet or JSP properly updates its included content as necessary.You want to include a resource that does not change very much (such as a page fragment that represents a header or footer) in a JSP. Use the include directive in t he including JSP page, and give the included JSP segment a JSP extension.You want to include content in a JSP each time it receives a request, rather tha n when the JSP is converted to a servlet. Use the JSP: include standard action.You want to include a file dynamically in a JSP, based on a value derived from a configuration file. Use the JSP: include standard action. Provide the value in an external properties file or as a configuration parameter in the deployment descripto r.You want to include a fragment of an XML file inside of a JSP document, or in clude a JSP page in XML syntax. Use the JSP: include standard action for the inclu des that you want to occur with each request of the JSP. Use the JSP: directive.incl ude element if the includes action should occur during the translation phase.You want to include a JSP segment from outside the including file's context. U se the c: importThe operation principle and the advantages of JSP tagsIn this section of the operating principle of simple introduction JSP and strengt hs.For the first time in a JSP documents requested by the engine, JSP Servlet is tr ansformed into a document JSP. This engine is itself a Servlet. The operating proce ss of the JSP shown below:(1) The JSP engine put the JSP files converting a Java source files (Servlet), if you find the files have any grammar mistake JSP, conversion process will interrupt, and to the server and client output error messages.(2) If converted, with the engine JSP Java source file compiler into a correspon ding scale-up files.(3) To create a Servlet (JSP page), the transformation of the Servlet JSP Init () method was executed, JSP Init () method in the life cycle of Servlet executed only once.(4) JSP Service () method invocation to the client requests. For each request, J SP engine to create a new thread for processing the request. If you have multiple cl ients and request the JSP files, JSP engine will create multiple threads. Each client requests a thread. To execute multi-thread can greatly reduce the requirement of sy stem resources, improving the concurrency value and response time. But also shoul d notice the multi-thread programming, due to the limited Servlet always in respon se to memory, so is very fast.(5) If the file has been modified. The JSP, server will be set according to the do cument to decide whether to recompile, if need to recompile, will replace the Servl et compile the memory and continue the process.(6) Although the JSP efficiency is high, but at first when the need to convert and compile and some slight delay. In addition, if at any time due to reasons of syste m resources, JSP engine will in some way of uncertain Servlet will remove from m emory. When this happens JSP Destroy () method was first call.(7) And then Servlet examples were marked with "add" garbage collection. Bu t in JSP Init () some initialization work, if establish connection with database, or to establish a network connection, from a configuration file take some parameters, su ch as, in JSP Destroy () release of the corresponding resources.Based on a Java language has many other techniques JSP page dynamiccharacteristics, technical have embodied in the following aspects:One. Simplicity and effectivenessThe JSP dynamic web pages with the compilation of the static HTML pages of writing are very similar. Just in the original HTML page add JSP tags, or some of t he proprietary scripting (this is not necessary). So, a familiar with HTML page writ e design personnel may be easily performed JSP page development. And the devel opers can not only, and write script by JSP tags used exclusively others have writte n parts to realize dynamic pages. So, an unfamiliar with the web developers scripti ng language, can use the JSP make beautiful dynamic pages. And this in other dyna mic web development is impossible.Tow. The independence of the programThe JSP are part of the family of the API Java, it has the general characteristics of the cross-platform Java program. In other words, is to have the procedure, name ly the independence of the platform, 6 Write bid anywhere!Three. Procedures compatibilityThe dynamic content can various JSP form, so it can show for all kinds of cust omers, namely from using HTML/DHTML browser to use various handheld wirele ss equipment WML (for example, mobile phones and PDA), personal digital equip ment to use XML applications, all can use B2B JSP dynamic pages.Four. Program reusabilityIn the JSP page can not directly, but embedded scripting dynamic interaction w ill be cited as a component part. So, once such a component to write, it can be repe ated several procedures, the program of the reusability. Now, a lot of standard Java Beans library is a good example.JSP technology strengthTime to prepare, run everywhere. At this point Java better than PHP, in additio n to systems, the code not to make any changes.(2) The multi-platform support. Basically on all platforms of any development environment, in any environment for deployment in any environment in the expans ion. Compared ASP / PHP limitations are obvious.(3) A strong scalability. From only a small Jar documents can run Servlet JSP, t o the multiple servers clustering and load balancing, to multiple Application for tra nsaction processing, information processing, a server to numerous servers, Java sh ows a tremendous Vitality.(4) Diversification and powerful development tools support. This is similar to t he ASP, Java already has many very good development tools, and many can be free , and many of them have been able to run on a variety of platforms under.JSP technology vulnerable:(1) And the same ASP, Java is the advantage of some of its fatal problem. It is precisely because in order to cross-platform functionality, in order to extreme stretc hing capacity, greatly increasing the complexity of the product.(2) Java's speed is class to complete the permanent memory, so in some cases by the use of memory compared to the number of users is indeed a "minimum cost performance.”On the other hand, it also needs disk space to store a series of. Java d ocuments and. Class, as well as the corresponding versions of documents.Know servlets for four reasons:1. JSP pages get translated into servlets. You can't understand how JSP workswithout understanding servlets.2. JSP consists of static HTML, special-purpose JSP tags, and Java code. What kind of Java code? Servlet code! You can't write that code if you don't understand servlet programming.3. Some tasks are better accomplished by servlets than by JSP. JSP is good at g enerating pages that consist of large sections of fairly well structured HTML or oth er character data. Servlets are better for generating binary data, building pages with highly variable structure, and performing tasks (such as redirection) that involve li ttle or no output.4. Some tasks are better accomplished by a combination of servlets and JSP th an by either servlets or JSP alone.Versus JavaScriptJavaScript, which is completely distinct from the Java programming language, is normally used to dynamically generate HTML on the client, building parts of the Web page as the browser loads the document. This is a useful capability and does not normally overlap with the capabilities of JSP (which runs only on the server). J SP pages still include SCRIPT tags for JavaScript, just as normal HTML pages do. In fact, JSP can even be used to dynamically generate the JavaScript that will be se nt to the client. So, JavaScript is not a competing technology; it is a complementar y one.JSP is by no means perfect. Many people have pointed out features that could be improved. This is a good thing, and one of the advantages of JSP is that the spec ification is controlled by a community that draws from many different companies. So, the technology can incorporate improvements in successive releases.However, some groups have developed alternative Java-based technologies to t ry to address these deficiencies. This, in our judgment, is a mistake. Using a third-p arty tool like Apache Struts that augments JSP and servlet technology is a good ide a when that tool adds sufficient benefit to compensate for the additional complexity . But using a nonstandard tool that tries to replace JSP is a bad idea. When choosin g a technology, you need to weigh many factors: standardization, portability, integr ation, industry support, and technical features. The arguments for JSP alternatives have focused almost exclusively on the technical features part. But portability, stan dardization, and integration are also very important. For example, the servlet and JSP specifications define a standard directory structure for Web applications and pro vide standard files (.war files) for deploying Web applications. All JSP-compatible servers must support these standards. Filters can be set up to apply to any number o f servlets or JSP pages, but not to nonstandard resources. The same goes for Web a pplication security settings.JSP技术简介及特点JSP（Java Server Pages）技术是由Sun公司发布的用于开发动态Web应用的一项技术。

JSP应用框架论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述

JSP应用框架中英文资料对照外文翻译文献综述JSP APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS1.1 WHAT ARE APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS:A framework is a reusable, semi-complete application that can be specialized to produce custom applications [Johnson]. Like people, software applications are more alike than they are different. They run on the same computers, expect input from the same devices, output to the same displays, and save data to the same hard disks. Developers working on conventional desktop applications are accustomed to toolkits and development environments that leverage the sameness between applications. Application frameworks build on this common ground to provide developers with a reusable structure that can serve as the foundation for their own products.A framework provides developers with a set of backbone components that have the following characteristics:Frameworks are the classic build-versus-buy proposition. If you build it, you will understand it when you are done—but how long will it be before you can roll your own? If you buy it, you will have to climb the learning curve—and how long is that going to take? There is no right answer here, but most observers would agree that frameworks such as Struts provide a significant return on investment compared to starting from scratch, especially for larger projects.1.2 OTHER TYPES OF FRAMEWORKS:The idea of a framework applies not only to applications but to application components as well. Throughout this article, we introduce other types of frameworks that you can use with Struts. These include the Lucene search engine, the Scaffold toolkit, the Struts validator, and the Tiles tag library. Like application frameworks, these tools provide semi-complete versions of a subsystem that can be specialized to provide a custom component.Some frameworks have been linked to a proprietary development environment. This is not the case with Struts or any of the other frameworks shown in this book. You can use anydevelopment environment with Struts: Visual Age for Java, JBuilder, Eclipse, Emacs, and Textpad are all popular choices among Struts developers. If you can use it with Java, you can use it with Struts.1.3 ENABLING TECHNOLPGIES:Applications developed with Struts are based on a number of enabling technologies. These components are not specific to Struts and underlie every Java web application. A reason that developers use frameworks like Struts is to hide the nasty details behind acronyms like HTTP, CGI, and JSP. As a Struts developer, you don’t need to be an alphabet soup guru, but a working knowledge of these base technologies can help you devise creative solutions to tricky problems.1.4 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP):When mediating talks between nations, diplomats often follow a formal protocol.Diplomatic protocols are designed to avoid misunderstandings and to keep negotiations from breaking down. In a similar vein, when computers need to talk, they also follow a formal protocol. The protocol defines how data is transmitted and how to decode it once it arrives. Web applications use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to move data between the browser running on your computer and the application running on the server.Many server applications communicate using protocols other than HTTP. Some of these maintain an ongoing connection between the computers. The application server knows exactly who is connected at all times and can tell when a connection is dropped. Because they know the state of each connection and the identity of each person using it, these are known as stateful protocols.By contrast, HTTP is known as a stateless protocol. An HTTP server will accept any request from any client and will always provide some type of response, even if the response is just to say no. Without the overhead of negotiating and retaining a connection, stateless protocols can handle a large volume of requests. This is one reason why the Internet has been able to scale to millions of computers.Another reason HTTP has become the universal standard is its simplicity. An HTTP request looks like an ordinary text document. This has made it easy for applications to make HTTP requests. You can even send an HTTP request by hand using a standard utility such as Telnet. When the HTTP response comes back, it is also in plain text that developers can read.The first line in the HTTP request contains the method, followed by the location of the requested resource and the version of HTTP. Zero or more HTTP request headers follow the initial line. The HTTP headers provide additional information to the server. This can include the browser type and version, acceptable document types, and the browser’s cookies, just toname a few. Of the seven request methods, GET and POST are by far the most popular.Once the server has received and serviced the request, it will issue an HTTP response. The first line in the response is called the status line and carries the HTTP protocol version, a numeric status, and a brief description of the status. Following the status line, the server will return a set of HTTP response headers that work in a way similar to the request headers.As we mentioned, HTTP does not preserve state information between requests. The server logs the request, sends the response, and goes blissfully on to the next request. While simple and efficient, a stateless protocol is problematic for dynamic applications that need to keep track of their users.Cookies and URL rewriting are two common ways to keep track of users between requests. A cookie is a special packet of information on the user’s computer. URL rewriting stores a special reference in the page address that a Java server can use to track users. Both approaches are seamless, and using either means extra work when developing a web application. On its own, a standard HTTP web server does not traffic in dynamic content. It mainly uses the request to locate a file and then returns that file in the response. The file is typically formatted using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) [W3C, HTML] that the web browser can format and display. The HTML page often includes hypertext links to other web pages and may display any number of other goodies, such as images and videos. The user clicks a link to make another request, and the process begins a new.Standard web servers handle static content and images quite well but need a helping hand to provide users with a customized, dynamic response.DEFINITION: Static content on the Web comes directly from text or data files, like HTML or JPEG files. These files might be changed from time to time, but they are not altered automatically when requested by a web browser. Dynamic content, on the other hand, is generated on the fly, typically in response to an individualized request from a browser.1.5 COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE (CGI):The first widely used standard for producing dynamic content was the Common Gateway Interface (CGI). CGI uses standard operating system features, such as environment variables and standard input and output, to create a bridge, or gateway, between the web server and other applications on the host machine. The other applications can look at the request sent to them by the web server and create a customized response.When a web server receives a request that’s intended for a CGI program, it runs that program and provides the program with information from the incoming request. The CGI program runs and sends its output back to the server. The web server then relays the response to the browser.CGI defines a set of conventions regarding what information it will pass as environment variables and how it expects standard input and output to be used. Like HTTP, CGI is flexible and easy to implement, and a great number of CGI-aware programs have been written.The main drawback to CGI is that it must run a new copy of the CGI-aware program for each request. This is a relatively expensive process that can bog down high-volume sites where thousands of requests are serviced per minute. Another drawback is that CGI programs tend to be platform dependent. A CGI program written for one operating system may not run on another.1.6 JA V A SERVLETS:Sun’s Java Servlet platform directly addresses the two main drawbacks of CGI programs. First, servlets offer better performance and utilization of resources than conventional CGI programs. Second, the write-once, run-anywhere nature of Java means that servlets are portable between operating systems that have a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).A Servlet looks and feels like a miniature web server. It receives a request and renders a response. But, unlike conventional web servers, the Servlet application programming interface (API) is specifically designed to help Java developers create dynamic applications.The Servlet itself is simply a Java class that has been compiled into byte code, like any other Java object. The Servlet has access to a rich API of HTTP-specific services, but it is still just another Java object running in an application and can leverage all your other Java assets.To give conventional web servers access to servlets, the servlets are plugged into containers. The Servlet container is attached to the web server. Each Servlet can declare what URL patterns it would like to handle. When a request matching a registered pattern arrives, the web server passes the request to the container, and the container invokes the Servlet.But unlike CGI programs, a new Servlet is not created for each request. Once the container instantiates the Servlet, it will just create a new thread for each request. Java threads are much less expensive than the server processes used by CGI programs. Once the Servlet has been created, using it for additional requests incurs very little overhead. Servlet developers can use the init () method to hold references to expensive resources, such as database connections or EJB Home Interfaces, so that they can be shared between requests. Acquiring resources like these can take several seconds—which is longer than many surfers are willing to wait.The other edge of the sword is that, since servlets are multithreaded, Servlet developers must take special care to be sure their servlets are thread-safe.1.7 JA V ASERVER PAGES:While Java servlets are a big step up from CGI programs, they are not a panacea. Togenerate the response, developers are still stuck with using println statements to render the HTML. Code that looks like:out.println("<P>One line of HTML.</P>");out.println("<P>Another line of HTML.</P>");It is all too common in servlets that generate the HTTP response. There are libraries that can help you generate HTML, but as applications grow more complex, Java developers end up being cast into the role of HTML page designers. Meanwhile, given the choice, most project managers prefer to divide development teams into specialized groups. They like HTML designers to be working on the presentation while Java engineers sweat the business logic. Using servlets alone encourages mixing markup with business logic, making it difficult for team members to specialize.To solve this problem, Sun turned to the idea of using server pages to combine scripting and templating technologies into a single component. To build Java Server Pages, developers start by creating HTML pages in the same old way, using the same old HTML syntax. To bring dynamic content into the page, the developer can also place JSP scripting elements on the page. Scripting elements are tags that encapsulate logic that is recognized by the JSP. You can easily pick out scripting elements on JSP pages by looking for code that begins with <% and ends with %>.To be seen as a JSP page, the file just needs to be saved with an extension of jsp.When a client requests the JSP page, the container translates the page into a source code file for a Java Servlet and compiles the source into a Java class file—just as you would do if you were writing a Servlet from scratch. At runtime, the container can also check the last modified date of the JSP file against the class file. If the JSP file has changed since it was last compiled, the container will retranslate and rebuild the page all over again.Project managers can now assign the presentation layer to HTML developers, who then pass on their work to Java developers to complete the business-logic portion. The important thing to remember is that a JSP page is really just a Servlet. Anything you can do with a Servlet, you can do with a JSP.1.8 JA V ABEANS:JavaBeans are Java classes which conform to a set of design patterns that make them easier to use with development tools and other components.DEFINITION: A JavaBean is a reusable software component written in Java. To qualify as a JavaBean, the class must be concrete and public, and have a non-argument constructor. JavaBeans expose internal fields as properties by providing public methods that follow a consistent design pattern. Knowing that the property names follow this pattern, other Javaclasses are able to use introspection to discover and manipulate JavaBean properties.The JavaBean design patterns provide access to the bean’s internal state through two flavors of methods: accessors are used to read a JavaBean’s state; mutators are us ed to change a JavaBean’s state.Mutators are always prefixed with lowercase token set followed by the property name. The first character in the property name must be uppercase. The return value is always void—mutators only change property values, they do not retrieve them. The mutator for a simple property takes only one parameter in its signature, which can be of any type. Mutators are often nicknamed setters after their prefix.The mutator method signature for a weight property of the type Double would be:public void setWeight(Double weight);A similar design pattern is used to create the accessor method signature. Accessor methods are always prefixed with the lowercase token get, followed by the property name. The first character in the property name must be uppercase. The return value will match the method parameter in the corresponding mutator. Accessors for simple properties cannot accept parameters in their method signature. Not surprisingly, accessors are often called getters.The accessor method signature for our weight property is：public Double getWeight();If the accessor returns a logical value, there is a variant pattern. Instead of using the lowercase token get, a logical property can use the prefix is, followed by the property name. The first character in the property name must be uppercase. The return value will always be a logical value—either boolean or Boolean. Logical accessors cannot accept parameters in their method signature.The boolean accessor method signature for an on property would be:public boolean isOn();The canonical method signatures play an important role when working with Java- Beans. Other components are able to use the Java Reflection API to discover a JavaBean’s properties by looking for methods prefixed by set, is, or get. If a component finds such a signature on a JavaBean, it knows that the method can be used to access or change the bean’s properties.Sun introduced JavaBeans to work with GUI components, but they are now used with every aspect of Java development, including web applications. When Sun engineers developed the JSP tag extension classes, they designed them to work with JavaBeans. The dynamic data for a page can be passed as a JavaBean, and the JSP tag can then use the bean’s properties to customize the output.JSP应用框架1.1 什么是应用框架：框架（framework）是可以被重用的一种半成品的应用程序，我们可以用它来制作专门的定制程序。

JSP技术简介及特点外文翻译

附录AJSP Technology Conspectus And Specialties The JSP (Java Server mix) technology is used by the Sun microsystem issued by the company to develop dynamic Web application technology. With its easy, cross-platform, in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards, and widely used in electronic commerce, etc. In China, the JSP now also got more extensive attention, get a good development, more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are briefly introduced.The JSP a simple technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages. Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applications easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server, the browser and development tools work together.The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web technology, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynamic web technology, such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technologies under dynamic web technology, the development and the JSP. TechnicalJSP the development background and development historyIn web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network information static on stock transactions evolution to acquisition of an operation and infrastructure. In a variety of applications, may be used for based on Web client, look no restrictions.Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simplified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry is rapidly to build on the client browser multi-layer application.The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements development of technical improvements. Static HTML to show relatively static content is right choice, The new challenge is to create the interaction based on Web applications, in these procedures, thecontent of a Web page is based on the user's request or the state of the system, and are not predefined characters.For the problem of an early solution is to use a CGI - BIN interface. Developers write to interface with the relevant procedures and separate based on Web applications, the latter through the Web server to invoke the former. This plan has serious problem -- each new extensible CGI requirements in a new process on the server. If multiple concurrent users access to this procedure, these processes will use the Web server of all available resources, and the performance of the system will be reduced to extremely low.Some Web server providers have to provide for their server by plugins "and" the API to simplify the Web application development. These solutions are associated with certain Web server, cannot solve the span multiple suppliers solutions. For example, Microsoft's Active Server mix (ASP) technology in the Web page to create dynamic content more easily, but also can work in Microsoft on Personal Web Server and IIS.There are other solutions, but cannot make an ordinary page designers can easily master. For example, such as the Servlet Java technologies can use Java language interaction application server code easier. Developers to write such Servlet to receive signals from the Web browser to generate an HTTP request, a dynamic response (may be inquires the database to finish the request), then send contain HTML or XML documents to the response of the browser.note: one is based on a Java Servlet Java technical operation in the server program (with different, the latter operating in the Applet browser end). In this book the Servlet chapter 4.Using this method, the entire page must have made in Java Servlet. If developers or Web managers want to adjust page, you'll have to edit and recompile the Servlet Java, even in logic has been able to run. Using this method, the dynamic content with the application of the page still need to develop skills.Obviously, what is needed is a industry to create dynamic content within the scope of the pages of the solution. This program will solve the current scheme are limited. As follows: can on any Web server or applications.will application page displays and separation.can rapidly developing and testing.simplify the interactive development based on Web application process.The JSP technology is designed to meet such requirements. The JSP specification is a Web server, application server, trading system and develop extensive cooperation between the tool suppliers. From this standard to develop the existing integration and balance of Java programming environment (for example, Java Servlet and JavaBeans) support techniques and tools. The result is a kind of new and developing method based on Web applications, using component-based application logic page designers with powerful functions.Overall Semantics of a JSP PageA JSP page implementation class defines a _jspService() method mapping from the request to the response object. Some details of this transformation are specific to the scripting language used (see Chapter JSP.9, “Scripting”). Most details are not language specific and are described in this chapter.The content of a JSP page is devoted largely to describing the data that is written into the output stream of the response. (The JSP container usually sends this data back to the client.) The description is based on a JspWriter object that is exposed through the implicit object out (see Section JSP.1.8.3, “Implicit Objects”). Its value varies:Initially, out is a new JspWriter object. This object may be different from the stream object returned from response.getWriter(), and may be considered to be interposed on the latter in order to implement buffering (see Section JSP.1.10.1, “The page Directive”). This is the initial out object. JSP page authors are prohibited from writing directly to either the PrintWriter or OutputStream associated with the ServletResponse.The JSP container should not invoke response.getWriter() until the time when the first portion of the content is to be sent to the client. This enables a number of uses of JSP, including using JSP as a language to “glue” actions that deliver binary content, or reliably forwarding to a servlet, or change dynamically the content type of the response before generating content. See Chapter JSP.4, “Internationalization Issues”.Within the body of some actions, out may be temporarily re-assigned to a different (nested) instance of a JspWriter object. Whether this is the case depends on the details of the action’s semantics. Typically the content of these temporary streams is appended to the stream previously referred to by out, and out is subsequently re-assigned to refer to the previous (nesting) stream. Such nested streams are always buffered, and require explicit flushing to a nesting stream or their contents will be discarded.If the initial out JspWriter object is buffered, then depending upon the value of the autoFlush attribute of the page directive, the content of that buffer will either be automaticallyflushed out to the ServletResponse output stream to obviate overflow, or an exception shall be thrown to signal buffer overflow. If the initial out JspWriter is unbuffered, then content written to it will be passed directly through to the ServletResponse output stream.A JSP page can also describe what should happen when some specific events occur. In JSP 2.1, the only events that can be described are the initialization and the destruction of the page. These events are described using “well-known method names” in declaration elements..JavaScript is used for the first kind is browser, the dynamic general purpose of client scripting language. Netscape first proposed in 1995, but its JavaScript LiveScript called. Then quickly Netscape LiveScript renamed JavaScript, Java developers with them from the same issued a statement. A statement Java and JavaScript will complement each other, but they are different, so the technology of the many dismissed the misunderstanding of the two technologies.JavaScript to create user interface control provides a scripting language. In fact, in the browser into the JavaScript code logic. It can support such effect: when the cursor on the Web page of a mobile user input validation or transform image.Microsoft also write out their JavaScript version and the JScript called. Microsoft and Netscape support JavaScript and JScript around a core characteristics and European Manufacturers is.md by (ECMA) standards organization, the control standard of scripting language. ECMA its scripting language ECMAScript named.Servlets and JSPs often include fragments of information that are common to an organization, such as logos, copyrights, trademarks, or navigation bars. The web application uses the include mechanisms to import the information wherever it is needed, since it is easier to change content in one place then to maintain it in every piece of code where it is used. Some of this information is static and either never or rarely changes, such as an organization's logo. In other cases, the information is more dynamic and changes often and unpredictably, such as a textual greeting that must be localized for each user. In both cases, you want to ensure that the servlet or JSP can evolve independently of its included content, and that the implementation of the servlet or JSP properly updates its included content as necessary.You want to include a resource that does not change very much (such as a page fragment that represents a header or footer) in a JSP. Use the include directive in the including JSP page, and give the included JSP segment a .jspf extension.You want to include content in a JSP each time it receives a request, rather than when the JSP is converted to a servlet. Use the jsp:include standard action.You want to include a file dynamically in a JSP, based on a value derived from a configuration file. Use the jsp:include standard action. Provide the value in an external properties file or as a configuration parameter in the deployment descriptor.You want to include a fragment of an XML file inside of a JSP document, or include a JSP page in XML syntax. Use the jsp:include standard action for the includes that you want to occur with each request of the JSP. Use the jsp:directive.include element if the include action should occur during the translation phase.You want to include a JSP segment from outside the including file's context. Use the c:importThe operation principle and the advantages of JSP tagsIn this section of the operating principle of simple introduction JSP and strengths.For the first time in a JSP documents requested by the engine, JSP Servlet is transformed into a document JSP. This engine is itself a Servlet. The operating process of the JSP shown below:(1) the JSP engine put the JSP files converting a Java source files (Servlet), if you find the files have any grammar mistake JSP, conversion process will interrupt, and to the server and client output error messages.(2) if converted, with the engine JSP javac Java source file compiler into a corresponding scale-up files.(3) to create a the Servlet (JSP page), the transformation of the Servlet jspInit () method was executed, jspInit () method in the life cycle of Servlet executed only once.(4) jspService () method invocation to the client requests. For each request, JSP engine to create a new thread for processing the request. If you have multiple clients and request the JSP files, JSP engine will create multiple threads. Each client requests a thread. To execute multi-thread can greatly reduce the requirement of system resources, improving the concurrency value and response time. But also should notice the multi-thread programming, due to the limited Servlet always in response to memory, so is very fast.(5) if the file has been modified. The JSP, server will be set according to the document to decide whether to recompile, if need to recompile, will replace the Servlet compile the memory and continue the process.(6) although the JSP efficiency is high, but at first when the need to convert and compile and some slight delay. In addition, if at any time due to reasons of system resources, JSP engine will in some way of uncertain Servlet will remove from memory. When this happens jspDestroy () method was first call.(7) and then Servlet examples were marked with "add" garbage collection. But in jspInit () some initialization work, if establish connection with database, or to establish a network connection, from a configuration file take some parameters, such as, in jspDestory () release of the corresponding resources.Based on a Java language has many other techniques JSP page dynamic characteristics, technical have embodied in the following aspects:One simplicity and effectivenessThe JSP dynamic web pages with the compilation of the static HTML pages of writing is very similar. Just in the original HTML page add JSP tags, or some of the proprietary scripting (this is not necessary). So, a familiar with HTML page write design personnel may be easily performed JSP page development. And the developers can not only, and write script by JSP tags used exclusively others have written parts to realize dynamic pages. So, an unfamiliar with the web developers scripting language, can use the JSP make beautiful dynamic pages. And this in other dynamic web development is impossible.Tow the independence of the programThe JSP are part of the family of the API Java, it has the general characteristics of the cross-platform Java program. In other words, is to have the procedure, namely the independence of the platform, 6 Write bided anywhere! .Three procedures compatibilityThe dynamic content can various JSP form, so it can show for all kinds of customers, namely from using HTML/DHTML browser to use various handheld wireless equipment WML (for example, mobile phones and pdas), personal digital equipment to use XML applications, all can use B2B JSP dynamic pages.Four program reusabilityIn the JSP page can not directly, but embedded scripting dynamic interaction will be cited as a component part. So, once such a component to write, it can be repeated several procedures, the program of the reusability. Now, a lot of standard JavaBeans library is a good example.附录BJSP技术简介及特点JSP（Java Server Pages）技术是由Sun公司发布的用于开发动态Web应用的一项技术。

【计算机专业文献翻译】JSP工作原理

一、JSP工作原理在一个JSP文件第一次被请求时，JSP引擎把该JSP文件转换成为一个servlet。

而这个引擎本身也是一个servlet，在JSWDK或WEBLOGIC中，它就是JspServlet。

JSP引擎先把该JSP文件转换成一个Java源文件，在转换时如果发现jsp文件有任何语法错误，转换过程将中断，并向服务端和客户端输出出错信息；如果转换成功， JSP引擎用javac把该Java源文件编译成相应的class文件。

然后创建一个该SERVLET的实例，该SERVLET的jspInit()方法被执行，jspInit()方法在servlet的生命周期中只被执行一次。

然后jspService()方法被调用来处理客户端的请求。

对每一个请求，JSP 引擎创建一个新的线程来处理该请求。

如果有多个客户端同时请求该JSP文件，则JSP引擎会创建多个线程。

每个客户端请求对应一个线程。

以多线程方式执行可大大降低对系统的资源需求,提高系统的并发量及响应时间.但应该注意多线程的编程限制，由于该servlet始终驻于内存，所以响应是非常快的。

如果.jsp文件被修改了，服务器将根据设置决定是否对该文件重新编译，如果需要重新编译，则将编译结果取代内存中的servlet，并继续上述处理过程。

虽然JSP效率很高，但在第一次调用时由于需要转换和编译而有一些轻微的延迟。

此外，如果在任何时候如果由于系统资源不足的原因，JSP引擎将以某种不确定的方式将servlet从内存中移去。

当这种情况发生时jspDestroy()方法首先被调用, 然后servlet实例便被标记加入"垃圾收集"处理。

jspInit()及jspDestory()格式如下：可在jspInit()中进行一些初始化工作,如建立与数据库的连接，或建立网络连接，从配置文件中取一些参数等，在jspDestory()中释放相应的资二、服务端的输出缓冲区缺省情况下:服务端要输出到客户端的内容,不直接写到客户端,而是先写到一个输出缓冲区中.只有在下面三中情况下，才会把该缓冲区的内容输出到客户端上：三、服务端输出重定向有以下3种方法可以做到输出重定向:四、、JSP中正确应用类:应该把类当成JA VA BEAN来用，不要在<% %> 中直接使用. 如下的代码(1)经过JSP引擎转化后会变为代码(2):从中可看出如果把一个类在JSP当成JA V A BEAN 使用,JSP会根据它的作用范围把它保存到相应的内部对象中.如作用范围为request,则把它保存到request对象中.并且只在第一次调用(对象的值为null)它时进行实例化. 而如果在<% %>中直接创建该类的一个对象,则每次调用JSP时,都要重新创建该对象,会影响性能.五、JSP的调试JSP的调试比较麻烦,特别是当bean是在一个session中存在时，更加困难。

关于JSP的介绍-本科生毕业设计(论文)外文翻译

xx 理工大学xx 学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系：计算机系专业：计算机科学与技术姓名：xxx学号：080601165外文出处：Anon .The Introduction Of JSP [EB/OL].(用外文写)(2009-01-13)[2011-12-20].http://nibiye.com/fy/wwfy/jsjw/2009/0113/1033.html.附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文关于JSP的介绍Java2企业版(J2EE)已经把建立一个网上的乱中有律任务的存在现象进行了有效的改造，就是开发人员能使用Java有效创造多层次的服务器端应用程序。

今天，Java企业应用程序编程接口已经扩大，包括许多方面：远程方法调用与公共对象请求代理体系结构用来远程对象的处理，JDBC（Java数据库的连接）的数据库交互，JNDI（Java命名和目录接口）来访问命名和目录服务，为企业创造了可重复使用的JavaBeans业务组件、JMS(Java信息服务)消息中介软件，JAXP为XML（可扩展标示语言）处理和JTA(Java事务应用程序界面)为执行一个原子事务。

此外，J2EE也支持小型服务程序，极受欢迎的Java语言代替了公共网关接口脚本。

这些技术的结合，可以让程序员创造分布式业务解决方案中的各种任务。

早在在1999年末，Sun Microsystems（美国一家计算机公司）添加了一个新的精选的元素企业Java工具：Java动态服务器页面(JSP)。

Java动态服务器页面都是建立在Java的顶部小型服务器用来增进效率使程序员，甚至是非专业的程序员，都可以创建网页的内容。

那么什么是Java服务器页呢？我们来简洁明点，Java的动态服务器页面是一个运用科学技术发展的网页，其中是包括动态内容的。

不像一个HTML页面，只包含静态内容，总是保持不变的，一个JSP页面中可以改变它的内容基于任何数量的变项，包括用户的身份，用户的浏览器类型，用户信息的提供，或者由用户选择信息等等。

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JSP介绍J2EE（Java2企业版）已经承担起了曾经很混乱的建立互联网平台的任务，并使开发者们能够使用Java来高效地创建多层服务器端应用程序。

现今，Java企业版的API已经扩展为涵盖了众多领域：用于远程对象处理的RMI和CORBA，用于数据库交互的JDBC，用于访问命名和目录服务的JNDI，用于创建可重用商务组件的企业级JavaBeans（EJB），用于面向消息的中间件的JMS TM（Java Messaging Service，Java消息服务），用于XML处理的JAXP TM，以及用于执行原子性（atomic）事务的JTA TM（Java Transaction API，Java事务API）。

另外，J2EE还支持servlets是一种非常流行的用于替代CGI脚本的Java小程序。

这些技术的组合使得程序员可以为各种不同的任务创建分布式的商务解决方案。

在1999年末，Sun Microsystems公司向企业级Java工具集中加入了一个新的元素：Java Server Pages（JSP，Java服务器页面）。

JSP建立在Java servlet之上，它的设计目的是使程序员乃至非程序员都能高效地创建Web内容。

什么是JSP？简明扼要地说，JSP是一种用来开发含有动态内容网页的技术。

纯HTML页面只包含静态的内容，它的内容通常保持不变，而JSP页面则不同，它可以根据任意数量的变量来改变自己的内容，这些变量包括用户的身份信息，用户使用的浏览器类型，用户提供的信息，以及用户所做的选择等。

JSP页面就和常规的网页一样，包含标准的标记语言元素，例如HTML的标签。

然而，JSP页面还包含特殊的JSP元素，这些元素使得服务器可以把动态内容插入到网页中。

JSP 元素的用途非常广泛，例如从数据库取得信息，或记录用户的个性信息。

当用户请求一个JSP页面时，服务器先执行JSP元素，并把结果同网页的静态部分相结合，然后把动态合成后的页面送回到浏览器。

JSP定义了许多用于Web应用程序的有用的标准元素，例如访问JavaBeans组件的元素，在页面间传递控制权的元素，以及在请求，页面和用户间共享信息的元素。

程序员也可以通过使用应用程序的专用元素来扩展JSP语法，从而完成像访问数据库和EJB，发送电子邮件，生成表示应用程序专用数据的HTML这样的任务，与JSP规范相关的规范（JSTL规范）定义了一组这种常用的自定义元素。

标准元素和自定义元素的组合确保了可以开发出强大的Web 应用程序。

为什么要使用JSP？在Web发展的早期，CGI（Common Gateway Interface，公共网关接口）是开发动态Web 内容的唯一工具，然而，CGI并非一种高效率的解决方案。

对每一个传来的请求，Web服务器都必须创建一个新的操作系统进程，载入一个解释器和一个脚本，接着执行这个脚本，然后再把这些全部释放掉。

这使得服务器承受着繁重的负担，而且当通信量增加时性能会变得很低。

过去几年里，出现了许多CGI的替代品和增强版，例如FastCGI，Apache的mod_perl，Netscape的NSAPI，Microsoft的ISPAI和Sun Microsystems的Java servlet。

虽然这些解决方案能提供更高的性能和可缩放性，但是所有这些技术都面临着同一个问题：它们都是通过把HTML代码直接嵌入到程序语言代码中来生成网页。

这使得动态网页的创建成为程序员所独立的领域。

然而，JSP改变了这一切。

在HTML页面中嵌入动态元素JSP从一个角度来处理这个问题。

JSP允许将特殊的活性元素嵌入到HTML页面中，而不是将HTML语言嵌入到编程代码中。

这些元素看起来与HTML元素类似，但它们实际上是组件化的Java程序，当用户请求页面时，服务器便会执行该程序。

下面这个简单的JSP页面解释了这一点：<% taglib prefix=”c” url=”/jstl/core”%><Html><body bgcolor=”white”><jsp: usebean id=”clock” class=”java.util.Date” /><C: choose><c: when teat=”s {clock.hours<12}”><h1>Good morning! </h1></c: when><c: when test=”s {clock.hours < 18}”><h1>Good day! </h1></c: when><c: otherwise><h1>Good evening! </h1></c: otherwise></c: choose>Welcome to our site, open 24 hours a day.</body></html>这个页面根据当天的时间向用户发去了不同的消息：如果当地时间是在中午12：00之前，则发送“Good morning！”；如果是在中午12：00到晚6：00之间，则发送“Good day！”；如果是在晚6：00之后，则发送“Good evening！”。

当用户请求这个页面时，支持JSP的Web服务器就会执行由黑体的Java元素所代表的逻辑判断，并创建一个HTML页面，把它发送回用户的浏览器。

例如，如果现在的时间是晚上8：53，那么从服务器发回到浏览器的结果页面就会是这个样子：<Html><body bgcolor=”white”><h1>Good evening! </h1>Welcome to our site, open 24 hours a day.</body></html>除了与HTML类似的JSP元素外，JSP页面还可以包含嵌入在所谓“脚本元素（scripting element）”中的Java代码。

从JSP规范的第一个版本开始，这种功能已经是其中的一部分了，而且它对于简单的条件逻辑来说也非常方便。

但是，随着新的JSP Standard Tag Library （JSTL）的引入，Java代码在页面中其实很少用到。

此外，在Web页面中嵌入过多的代码就像在服务器端程序中使用HTML元素一样，通常会使Web应用程序难以维护和调试。

人尽其用正如前面所述，JSP可以把HTML这样的标记语言代码和用来处理用户输入、访问数据库以及执行其他应用任务的编程语言代码分离开来。

这种分离任务的一种表现方式就是JSP 标准和自定义元素的使用；这些元素是用编程代码来实现的，在使用方式上，它们与通常网页中用到的页面标记元素相同。

另一种分离方式是将JSP与其他J2EE技术组合起来。

例如，Java servlet可以处理用户输入，Enterprise JavaBeans（EJB）可以控制应用程序逻辑，JSP页面则可以提供用户界面。

这种分离意味着，企业使用JSP就可以按员工各自擅长的专业技术把他们分成两组：一支JSP Web开发队伍，其中一部分程序员将应用程序所需要的逻辑实现为servlet，EJB和自定义的JSP元素，另一部分是网页设计师，他们对界面了然于胸，并在无需做任何编程工作的情况下使用强大的自定义元素。

与企业级Java API集成最后，因为JSP是建立在Java Servlets API之上的，所以JSP可以使用所有强大的企业级Java API，其中包括：●JDBC●RMI（Romote Method Invocation,远程方法调用）和OMG CORBA支持●JNDI（Java Naming and Directory Interface，Java命名和目录接口）●EJB（Enterprise JavaBeans）●JMS（Java McssageService，Java消息服务）●JTA（Java Transaction AP，Java事务API）●JAXP（Java API for XML Processing）●JavaMail这意味着可以轻易地把JSP和已有的Java企业级解决方案集成起来。

Java servlet模板引擎Java servlet模板引擎是另一种把外观呈现过程和处理过程分开的技术。

当servlet 得到普遍使用时，开发者们很快就意思到，将HTML代码直接嵌入到servlet的Java代码中后，增加了对外观呈现部分的维护难度。

因此，许多称为模板引擎（template engine）的开源工具被开发出来，题目可用于从servlet中把HTML提取出来。

这些模板引擎用来和纯代码组件（servlet）协同工作，而且只使用包含脚本语言的Web页面，专用于外观呈现部分。

请求被发送给某个servlet，由该servlet进行处理，然后创建表示处理结果的对象，并调用一个网页模板来生成HTML代码，最后将HTML代码返回给浏览器。

模板包括与前面所讲述的替代方案近似的脚本代码。

然而，这些引擎所使用的脚本语言在功能上跟弱一些，因为脚本仅仅用来读入数据对象和生成HTML代码，以显示对象的值。

所有其他的产品和技术支持通用语言，这些语言（不论好坏）可以用于在页面中包括商务逻辑。

JSP的优点下面是上述替代方案中的一些最重要的特性：●JSP同时支持脚本产生的动态内容和基于元素的动态内容，并且允许程序员们开发自定义的标记库，来满足应用程序特定的需要。

●JSP页面可以进行预编译，从而提高了服务器处理的效率。

●JSP页面可以与主管商务逻辑的servlet组合起来使用，Java servlet模板引擎支持这种模型。

另外，JSP还有许多独有的优点，使得它出类拔萃：●JSP是一种规范，而不是一个产品。

这意味着厂商们可以用各种不同的实现方式相互竞争，从而使性能和质量不断提高。

这还带来了一种不太明显的好处，也就是当许多公司在技术上投入时间和金钱之时，有可能要很长时间才会有成果，而JSP作为规范则能适当四保证新版本与以前的版本想兼容；而如果是私有技术，则通常不是这样。

JSP是J2EE的必备部分，而J2EE是用于企业级应用程序的完整平台。

这意味着JSP同时适用于最简单的应用程序和最复杂、最苛刻的应用程序。