普利司通技术说明
普利司通橡舷研料
vs
50% ~ 70%
减振橡胶
~ 30%
仅橡胶
<严峻的低反应力・高能源吸收
稳定的变形形状
高耐久性
应力分散结构
发挥长时间稳定的性能
6
7
3.普利司通橡胶护舷的研究开发
FEM Analysis 对非线形大变形量的模型实施解析 对最大主应力・最大主变形量进行评估
X-Ray Analysis
3.普利司通橡胶护舷的研究开发
橡胶调配、粘接的 研究 SYSTEM设计 解决方案
最佳形状的探求
橡胶护舷
压缩时的稳定形状
港湾设施的LCC
高性能 高耐久性
靠岸・拴住条件
5
3.普利司通橡胶护舷的研究开发
<变形弯曲量> 轮胎 橡胶管 输送带 2 ~ 5% -2 ~4% 1 ~ 3% 有钢丝・纤 维的加强 橡胶护舷 (仅橡胶) <変形ひずみ量>
18
今后也请多关照普利司通的橡胶护舷
19
20
不仅是品质管理,橡胶的调配・制造条件・包括模具的制造设备设计等等 均由日本担当
已取得SCOPE(国土交通省所管 财团法人港湾建设技术中心)的外 国产资材品质审查证明书
12
7.普利司通橡胶护舷的品质
13
7.普利司通橡胶护舷的品质
耐久性评价的事例
社内评价试验 依实机SIZESUC800H(RE)的设计弯曲 52.5%(420mm行程)进行10000次往返压缩试验
Reaction 反力Force
通用型橡胶护舷
変位量 Deflection
SM
1974年 开发出宽受冲面的通用 型橡胶护舷 (SUPER M型橡胶护舷)
変位量 Deflection
普利司通轮胎保养、安全及保修手册说明书
IncludingTires with Run-Flat TechnologyREPLACEMENT MARKET PASSENGER and LIGHT TRUCK TIRESTIRE MAINTENANCE, SAFETY and WARRANTY MANUAL Associated BrandsEffective December 20162Congratulations! You have just purchased quality tires from a BRIDGESTONE dealer.To ensure optimum tire performance and reduce the risk of a tire failure, Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC strongly recommends you read and follow all maintenance and safety information contained in this manual. In addi-tion, we recommend periodic inspection and maintenance, if necessary, by a qualified tire service professional.CONTENTSTire Care Basics: Infl ate. Rotate. Evaluate. ......................... 3Tire Maintenance and Safety Information ............................. 8Tire Failure While Driving ...................................................... 8Tire Infl ation Pressure .. (8)Tips For Safe Tire Infl ation (10)Tips For Safe Loading (11)Tire Damage, Inspection and Service Life ........................... 11Tire Manufacture Date .. (13)Tire Repairs (13)Tire Mounting and Other Servicing ...................................... 15High Performance, Low Aspect Ratio Tires .. (16)Winter Tires (16)High Speed Driving ............................................................. 17Tire Speed Ratings . (17)Tire Spinning (19)Radial Tire Rotation (19)Tire Replacement and Tire Mixing ....................................... 20Your Spare Tire . (21)Tire Storage (22)Tire Service Customer Satisfaction (22)Tire Registration ................................................................. 22RFT Tires with Run-Flat Technology .................................... 23RFT Infl ation Pressure (23)Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) (23)Run-Flat or Low Tire Pressure Operation (24)Distance—How Far You Can Drive (25)Special Service and Repair Issues ...................................... 25Reference Information .......................................................... 27Tire Sidewall Labeling (27)Uniform Tire Quality Grading ............................................... 29Limited Warranty (30)Customer, Vehicle, and Tire Identification .......................... 31Recommended Inflation Pressure ......................... Back Cover Tire Maintenance Record ...................................... Back Cover 4C E R T30psi20psi 4This chart shows you how underinfl ation can create an overload on tires.Check your tire pressure every month to make sure it’s up to specifi cation, especially before long trips or carrying extra weight.Serious personal injury or death may result from a tire fail-ure. Many tire failures are preceded by vibration, bumps, bulges or irregular wear. If a vibration occurs while driving your vehicle or you notice a bump, bulge or irregular wear,It is not often that a properly maintained tire will “blow out” while you are driving. More commonly, if in pressure is lost, it will be gradual. If you do experience a blowout or sudden tire failure, the following informationDriving on tires with improper in•Under-ininternal structural damage.•Over-inFigure 1: EXAMPLE—Tire and Loading Information Placard9Figure 2: EXAMPLE—Tire Information Placard Maximum Pressure Indicated on the Tire Sidewall: This is the maximum permissible in ation pressure for the tire only. The vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire pressures may be lower than, or the same as, the maxi-mum pressure indicated on the tire sidewall. The vehicle manufacturer’s speci cation of tire pressure is limitedto your particular vehicle and takes into account your vehicle’s load, ride, and handling characteristics, among other criteria. Since there may be several possible vehicle applications for a given tire size, a vehicle manufacturer may choose a different in ation pressure speci cation for that same size tire on a different vehicle. Therefore, always refer to the in ation pressure speci cations on the vehicle tire information placard and/or in your vehicle owner’s manual.Different Tire Pressures for the Front and Rear Tires: For some vehicles, the recommended front and rear in a-tion pressures may be different (such as in the example shown in Figure 2). Make sure you take this into account during in ation pressure checks and when rotating tires. Pressure Loss: Tires can lose 1 psi (7 kPa) per month un-In ating an unsecured tire is dangerous. If it bursts, it could be hurled into the air with explosive force resulting in serious personal injury or death. Never init is secured to the vehicle or a tire mounting machine.Driving your vehicle in an overloaded condition is danger-ous. Overloading causes excessive tire heat build-up and internal structural damage. This can cause a tire failure - (even after the load is reduced) - which could lead to seriousDriving on damaged tires is dangerous. A damaged tire can suddenly fail causing serious personal injury or death. Have your tires regularly inspected by a qualiservice professional.Tires Produced Prior to 2000: The last three (3) digits of the serial code identify the week and year of production. For example, a tire with a code ending in “329” would likely have been produced in the 32nd week of 1999, but possibly produced in 1989. If in doubt, consult a quali ed tire service professional.TIRE REPAIRSSAFETY WARNINGDriving on an improperly repaired tire is dangerous. An improper repair can be unreliable or permit further damage to the tire. The tire may suddenly fail, causing serious personal injury or death. A complete inspection and repairof the tire and the puncture hole is lled with aThis helps ensure that the in-terior of the tire is adequately sealed to prevent in ation pressure loss and prevents contamination of the steel belts and other plies from the elements (such as water)Tell the tire service professional if you have used an aerosol xer to ina highly volatile gas. Always remove the valve core outdoors, away from sources of excessive heat,Removing and replacing tires on wheels can be dangerous. Attempting to mount tires with improper tools or proce-dures may result in a tire explosion causing serious per-sonal injury or death. This is only a job for a qualiWinter driving presents special challenges for vehicle mobility. The use of winter tires (including studs and chains)—while improving traction performance in snow and ice—requires special care with regard to acceleration,Driving at high speed is dangerous and can cause an ac-cident, resulting in serious personal injury or death.•Regardless of the speed and handling capabilities of your18•The tire’s speed rating is void if the tire is repaired,retreaded, damaged, abused, or otherwise altered from its original condition. Thereafter, it should be treated as a non-speed rated tire.•Non-speed rated tires are usually for ordinary passenger car or light truck service and not for high speed driving.•For winter tires used in cold weather conditions, it is generally acceptable to apply a tire with a lower speed rating than your original tires; however, speed should be reduced accordingly. All winter tires should be the same speed rating. Some vehicles have speci c recommen-dations regarding winter tire use; consult your vehicle owner’s manual and tire information placard. See “Win-ter Tires” in this manual.These speed ratings are based on standardized laboratory tests under speci c, controlled conditions. While these tests may relate to performance on the road, real-world driving is rarely identical to any test conditions. Your tire’s actual speed capability may be less than its rated speed since it is affected by factors such as in ation pressure, load, tire condition (including damage), wear, vehicle condition (including alignment), driving conditions, and duration at which the speed is sustained. Use the following chart to compare the speed ratings of tires. Remember: reg-erdless of the tire’s speed rating, drivers should obey speed limits and adjust their speed based on traf c, weather,vehicle and road conditions.The tire’s speed rating designation appears on the tire side-wall with the tire size. Examples:P275/40ZR17 max > 149 mph (240 km/h) ****P275/40R17 93W max = 168 mph (270 km/h)P275/40ZR17 93W max = 168 mph (270 km/h)P275/40ZR17 93Y max = 186 mph (300 km/h)P275/40ZR17 93(Y) max > 186 mph (300 km/h) *****In standardized laboratory tests that relate to highway speeds. Actual tire speed and performance capability Speed Speed Category*Symbol mph km/hM 81 130Q 99 160R 106 170S 112 180T 118 190U 124 200H 130 210V 149 240Z** >149>240W 168 270Y 186 300(Y)*** >186>300dit om ,Spinning a tire to extract a vehicle stuck in mud, ice, snow, or wet grass can be dangerous. A tire spinning at a speed-ometer reading above 35 mph (55 km/h) can in a matter of seconds reach a rotation speed capable of disintegrat-Driving your vehicle with an improper mix of tires is dangerous. Your vehicle’s handling characteristics may be seriously affected. You could have an accident resulting in serious personal injury or death. Consult your vehicleCheck inin ation pressure when using your spare tire can result in serious personal injury or death. See “Tire Insure” in this manual.Mounting a “temporary use” tire on a wheel which is not speci cally designed for it, or placing another type tire on a wheel designated for temporary use can be dangerous. Your vehicle’s handling characteristics can be seriously af-Improper storage can damage your tires in ways that may not be visible and can lead to a failure resulting in serious personal injury or death.TIRES with RUN-FLAT TECHNOLOGY If your vehicle is equipped with Bridgestone or Firestone brand RFT tires, this chapter presents speci c maintenanceSerious personal injury or death may result from a tire fail-ure or accident due to improper run-operation. Read and follow the instructions below, and the other maintenance and safety recommendations elsewhere25DISTANCE—HOW FAR YOU CAN DRIVERFT tires are capable of operating up to the distance of 50 miles (80km) at a maximum speed of 50 mph (80 km/h) in run-flat or low pressure operation. However, the distance capability may be less (or more) depending upon the actual vehicle application and specific operating conditions.Factors affecting run-flat or low tire pressure operating distance include vehicle speed, load, and maneuvering; the amount of inflation pressure loss; the extent of any tire damage; and ambient temperature. To maximize the dis-tance capability in a run-flat or low pressure condition:•Reduce vehicle speed as much as safely and reasonablypossible. Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h).• Avoid abrupt or aggressive acceleration, braking, or cornering maneuvers as much as safely and reasonably possible. Avoid pot holes and other road hazards.Higher vehicle loads (such as with more passengers or cargo) and higher ambient temperatures decrease the dis-tance capability of an RFT tire in run-flat or low pressure operation.Note:•If the sidewall of the RFT tire specifies a run-flat or low pressure distance limitation, do not exceed the specified distance.•The distance capability of the vehicle is limited to the distance capability of the specific RFT tire that is operat-ing in a run-flat or low pressure condition.•For original equipment specification RTF tires applied to vehicles originally equipped with these tires, see the vehicle owner’s manual for distance limitations during run-flat or low pressure operation.If in doubt about the distance capability of an RFT tire, do not exceed 50 miles (80 km) in run-low or low pressure operation. Seek tire service as soon as possible to minimize tire damage.SPECIAL SERVICE and REPAIR ISSUESAuthorized RFT Service Centers Because of the advanced technology and design of RFT tires and the required tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS), only qualified tire service professionals with the proper equipment and training should service RFT tires. For instance, the use of tire mounting equipment that is unsuitable for an RFT tire may damage the tire beyond repair. Therefore, it is recommended to go to an authorized Bridgestone or Firestone brand tire retailer for service and replacement.Call toll-free 1-800-847-3272 or visit to locate the nearest Bridgestone or Firestone brand retailer.. r-il-he e n -r d r- w yhe d yInspection after Run-Flat or Low Pressure Operation Following run-flat or low tire pressure operation, or in the event of any other tire damage or unusual condition, it is very important to obtain a proper and complete tire evaluation as soon as possible.RotationFollow the vehicle manufacturer’s recommenda-tions, or rotate every 5,000 miles (8,000 km) per the recommendations in this manual (see “Radial Tire Rota-tion”). In some cases, TPMS devices require reprogram-ming with each tire rotation.RFT Tire ReplacementDo not replace or mix RFT tires with conventional tires, unless on an emergency/temporary basis. Conventional tires do not have run-flat capability and the handling characteristics of the vehicle with these tires may be different. If a conventional tire is used on an emergency/ temporary basis, verify that its size, load capacity, inflation pressure, and speed rating specifications meet the require-ments of the vehicle. Replace any conventional tire with the proper RFT tire as soon as possible.RFT Tire Damage and RepairNo tire, regardless of its design or quality is indestructible. RFT tires can be ultimately rendered unusable due to a puncture or other road hazard as well as from improper low tire pressure operation. Some punctures may be repaired under certain restrictions and prescribed procedures. An im-proper repair is unsafe and will void the Limited Warranty. When driven fl at or with low pressure, factors affecting reparability include vehicle speed, load, and maneuvering; the amount of inflation pressure loss; and ambient tem-perature. In any situation, the extent and location of direct damage from a puncturing object or other road hazard are also critical factors.RFT tires are not repairable in any of the following situations:•If the tire was operated with infl ation pressure less than 15 psi (100 kPa).• Abrasion or other damage is present on the exterior tread, sidewall or bead areas.• Abrasion, wrinkling, or separation is present on the tire interior.• Any condition or damage is present that disqualifies repair of a conventional tire.A qualifi ed tire service professional should fully inspect your tire, inside and out, to determine if the tire can be repaired. Tire damage is not always visible from the outside and the tire must be removed from the wheel for a complete inspection. For more information, see “Tire Repairs” in this manual.l low26Figure 3: Typical Passenger Tire MarkingsFigure 4: Typical Light Truck Tire Markings2728Tire Size, Load Range, Load Index, and Speed Symbol:DOT Symbol and Tire Identi cation Number: The “DOT” symbol constitutes a certi cation that the tire conforms to applicable U.S. Department of Transportation motor vehicle safety standards (for tires). Following the “DOT” symbol is the tire identi cation number, also knownas the DOT serial number or code. For example:(a)DOT Symbol(b)Plant of Manufacture Code(c)Tire Size Code(d)Tire Manufacturer’s Code(e)Week of Production (01-53)(f)Year of Production (last two digits of year)**For tires produced from 2000-on. In the example above,the tire was produced in the 18th week of 2000. For tires produced prior to 2000, there is one digit in group (f) which identi es the last digit of the year of production, i.e. “329”would likely signify the 32nd week of 1999, but could pos-sibly signify the 32nd week of 1989. If in doubt, consult a quali ed tire service professional.The DOT symbol and tire identi cation number can be found on at least one sidewall near the wheel. The other sidewall may have a partial serial code that excludes (e) and (f) above.Maximum Load and Ination: The maximum load and maximum in ation pressure is marked on each sidewall in metric and English units. For example:MAX LOAD 685 kg (1510 lbs) AT 240 kPa (35 psi) MAX PRESSNote: The load and in ation values marked on the tiresidewall are maximum permissible values for the tire only. Never assume that these values are the actual recommended load capacity or tire pressure values for your vehicle. See “Tire In ation Pressure,” “Tips for Safe Tire In ation,” and “Tips for Safe Loading” in this manual.Ply Composition and Materials: The actual number of plies in the sidewall and tread area and the generic name(s) Examples: Tire Size Load Speed Load Index Symbol Range Figure 3 P215/65R15 95 H --Figure 4 LT235/85R16 114/111 Q D DOT EL CB DKE 1800(a)(b) (c) (d) (e) (f)*wa u les per r r a e29ol:n e, 9” os- a d n X y e s) eof their cord material(s) are marked on at least one side-wall. For example:TREAD 2 PLY POLYESTER + 2 STEEL SIDEWALL 2 PLY POLYESTERRadial: Radial ply tires will have the word “radial” on at least one sidewall. An “R” in the tire size designation also indicates radial ply construction.Tubeless or Tube Type: Tires are marked as either “tube-less” or “tube type,” whichever is applicable, on at least one sidewall.UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADINGThe Uniform Tire Quality Grading (“UTQG”) standards are intended to assist you in making an informed choice in your purchase of passenger car tires by providing information indicating relative performance of these tires in the areas of tread wear, wet braking traction (straight-ahead), and tem-perature resistance. All passenger car tires must conform to federal safety requirements in addition to these grades.Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on thewear rate of the tire when tested under controlled condi-tions on a speci ed government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and one half (1½ ) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart signi -cantly from the norm due to variation in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.Traction The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C. Those grades represent the tire’s ability to stop onwet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on speci ed government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete.Warning: The traction grade assigned to a tire is based onstraight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics.TemperatureThe temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under con-trolled conditions on a speci ed indoor laboratory testwheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessivetemperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle SafetyTires with Run-Flat TechnologyMAINTENANCE RECORDI n s p e c ti o n R o t a ti o n B a la n c eMileage Date Retailer。
普利司通PSE575 576 577压力传感器使用说明书
文件No.PS※※-OMT0005CN-A 使用说明书产品名称通用流体用压力传感器形式/系列/型号PSE575/576/577目录安全注意事项2型式表示・型号体系8 产品各部分名称及使用注意事项9安装・设置10配线方法10故障一览表12规格13规格表13外形尺寸图15安全注意事项此处所示的注意事项是为了确保您能安全正确地使用本产品,预先防止对您和他人造成危害和伤害而制定的。
这些注意事项,按照危害和损伤的大小及紧急程度分为“注意”“警告”“危险”三个等级。
无论哪个等级都是与安全相关的重要内容,所以除了遵守国际规格(ISO/IEC)、日本工业规格(JIS)※1)以及其他安全法规※2)外,这些内容也请务必遵守。*1) ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power -- General rules relating to systemsISO 4413: Hydraulic fluid power -- General rules relating to systemsIEC 60204-1: Safety of machinery -- Electrical equipment of machines (Part 1: General requirements) ISO 10218: Manipulating industrial robots-SafetyJIS B 8370: 空气压系统通则JIS B 8361: 油压系统通则JIS B 9960-1: 机械类的安全性、机械的电气装置(第1部:一般要求事项)JIS B 8433: 产业用操作机器人-安全性等*2)高压气体保护法、劳动安全卫生法等注意误操作时,有人员受伤的风险,以及物品破损的风险。警告误操作时,有人员受到重大伤害甚至死亡的风险。
危险在紧迫的危险状态下,如不回避会有人员受到重大伤害甚至死亡的风险。
警告①本产品的适合性请由系统设计者或规格制定者来判断。
普利司通轮胎授权书模版
授权编号:[授权编号]授权日期:[授权日期]授权方(以下简称“授权方”):[授权方全称]地址:[授权方地址]联系人:[授权方联系人]联系电话:[授权方联系电话]电子邮箱:[授权方电子邮箱]被授权方(以下简称“被授权方”):[被授权方全称]地址:[被授权方地址]联系人:[被授权方联系人]联系电话:[被授权方联系电话]电子邮箱:[被授权方电子邮箱]鉴于:1. 授权方是一家全球知名的高端轮胎和可持续出行解决方案提供商,致力于为全球消费者提供高品质的轮胎产品和服务。
2. 被授权方是一家合法注册的[被授权方性质,如:汽车销售商、维修服务店、轮胎经销商等],具备销售、维修或服务普利司通轮胎的条件和资质。
3. 授权方和被授权方本着平等互利、共同发展的原则,经友好协商,就普利司通轮胎产品的销售、维修和服务达成以下协议:一、授权内容1. 授权方授予被授权方在[授权区域]范围内销售普利司通轮胎的独家权利。
2. 被授权方有权使用普利司通品牌及其相关标识,在授权区域内开展普利司通轮胎的销售、维修和服务业务。
3. 授权方负责向被授权方提供普利司通轮胎的货源、技术支持、售后服务等相关服务。
二、授权期限本授权书自双方签字盖章之日起生效,有效期为[授权期限,如:三年],期满后,如双方无异议,可自动续期。
三、双方权利义务1. 授权方权利:a. 监督被授权方在授权区域内开展业务,确保其符合普利司通品牌形象和产品质量标准;b. 对被授权方进行培训和指导,提高其业务能力和服务水平;c. 对被授权方的销售数据进行统计和分析,为双方合作提供参考。
2. 授权方义务:a. 向被授权方提供合法、合规的普利司通轮胎产品;b. 对被授权方在销售、维修和服务过程中遇到的问题给予及时、有效的技术支持和解决方案;c. 对被授权方进行必要的培训和指导,提高其业务能力和服务水平。
3. 被授权方权利:a. 在授权区域内开展普利司通轮胎的销售、维修和服务业务;b. 使用普利司通品牌及其相关标识,提高品牌知名度和美誉度;c. 在授权区域内开展促销活动,提高产品销量。
UNIF普及教育1
天津工场
我们采用的轮胎制造方法是层贴法,一段胎坯和二段胎坯分别制作 然后在FR上定中贴和在一起,因此,生胎的RRO(中心跳动)受到 两方面的影响。因为材料的接口不可避免,所以,一段胎坯与二段 的匹配成为降低及稳定生胎RRO的有效手段。
胎侧
帘布
帘布
气密层
螺旋冠带 带束层
胎面
由于有接口的存在及设备的RR、LR,一段胎 坯及二段胎坯存在自己独有的波形形状,(或 者说,应力分布),如果两者的结合角度选择 不好,会造成某些应力的扩大,比如说,帘布 接口,造成RFV不良。 因此,合理的安排接口位置,稳定接口分布对 UNIF改善,意义深远。
普利司通(天津)轮胎有限公司
UNIF普及教育
日期:2003-10-6 作成:技术课·伊作昆
2003-10-6
天津工场
UNIF之RFV要因系统图 RFV
刚性因素 几何因素 测定因素 设计因素
帘布接口数
三角胶厚度
加硫入模角度
轮辋适合性
LAYER构造
花纹沟角度设计
加硫几何因素
生胎几何因素
生胎变形
PCI因素 中心机构与下 持胎器(V/L) 装机状态下模具的RR RIM的适合性 模具的同心度 中心性 RIM的偏芯性 热板精度
B.几何均一性
RFV不良 RFV 不良
1.扣圈精度不好 2.加硫装胎不正 3.PCI中心性不好
C.质量分布均一性
1.帘布的UNIT.MASS不好 2.各部材接口摆位不好 3.部材接口量超出标准值
RFV不良 RFV 不良
UNIF入门教育---2/4
2003-10-6 三 . 名词术语释疑 1)RFV-------RADIAL FORCE VARIATION(径向力波动)
轮眙中的“混动” 泰国首试普利司通绿歌伴EP200
轮眙中的“混动” 泰国首试普利司通绿歌伴EP200作者:暂无来源:《汽车与运动》 2013年第9期文/图莽超时隔3年,普利司通环保轮胎子品牌——绿歌伴( ECOPIA)从起初的EP100A,到如今的EP200,在中国已累计推出了八款产品。
预计截至2013年底,绿歌伴系列轮胎的总销量将突破200万条。
也就是说,会有近50万位车主结缘这个“新鲜事物”,并享受到低油耗所带来的“经济效益”。
与混合动力汽车一样,普利司通绿歌伴轮胎虽然节油,但与普通轮胎在使用上并无区别,一样舒适,一样安静。
所谓“ECOPIA”,字典里可是查不到的,它实际是ECOLOGY(环境)和UTOPIA(乌托邦,理想社会)的合成词,含义不言自明。
从在配方中加入硅元素开始,各大轮胎企业就一直在为降低滚动阻力而努力。
绿歌伴算是普利司通不懈进取的结晶,它将相互间此消彼长的低滚阻与湿地抓地完美均衡,并确保了相当理想的耐用性。
在其整个使用周期内,节省出的燃油价值完全可以冲抵轮胎的购置费用。
这种绝不赔本的买卖,你不心动吗?轮胎的环保责任对一辆车来说,轮胎实在不起眼,以至于让大家忽略了它对环境的影响。
实际上,有3个环境问题都与轮胎相关:行驶噪声、生产中废弃的材料以及温室气体排放。
如果说噪声可以忍受,废弃材料由厂家负责处理的话,那么温室气体的排放则是直接源于我们的驾驶,而且不能由自己来控制。
根据日本橡胶工业会的数据,一条规格为185/70R14的普通轮胎,在它的全部生命周期里,高达87%的温室气体(即258kg的二氧化碳)的排放,居然是在使用过程之中。
而生产和流通环节不过1.7%而已,其余则是在原材料和回收时产生。
因此,如何让轮胎在行驶时更省油就成了重中之重。
以绿歌伴EP200为例,来自日本自动车输送技术协会的数据显示,它比以往产品的燃油效率提高12.3%。
假如以前每辆车每月加100L燃油,那么现在一年可以节省147.6L。
之前我们提到,今年底绿歌伴轮胎在中国将有近50万用户,粗略计算这将节省7380万升燃油,减少碳排放17.7吨,相当于近1 300万颗树木一年所吸收的二氧化碳量。
★普利司通-RFV RLV等术语
这是普利司通的新轮胎基础技术,采用多能驰技术的轮胎,不仅提高了运动性能和安稳性,还使乘坐舒适感与经济性能均达到了最高水准.驾驶员可以更安心地驾驶,实现了出色的行驶性能与舒适性能的统一.影响振动的相关轮胎性能 1. 不平衡度◆静不平衡静不平衡指轮胎径向对称部位的质量分布不相等。
由于静不平衡表现为静态下的重力不平衡和旋转时的离心力不平衡,故也称为力不平衡。
它只反映轮胎的径向不平衡,只需要在轮胎一个平面上的重点径向对称位置进行平衡配重便可校正,因此又称为单面不平衡(图2.14)◆动不平衡动不平衡指轮胎直径方向和断面方向上对称部的质量不相等,即轮胎的主惯性轴与旋转轴交错,且相交于轮胎的中心上。
由于动不平衡的轮胎在旋转时产生一对离心力的力偶,反映轮胎径向对角线方向的不平衡,需要在轮胎左右两个平面上的重点径向对称位置,各加上一个平衡块才能校正,因此也可把它称为力矩不平衡或双面不平衡图2.15)(注:以上小节摘自《橡胶工业手册》第四分册轮胎第十六章第603-604页)2. 均匀性轮胎的均匀性包含以下几个方面:轮胎在转动中尺寸和刚性上的径向和横向变化,都会产生径向力和横向力的波动即RFV和LFV。
通常用它们在一个滚动周期中的最大值表示,是衡量轮胎均匀性的重要指标。
a.RFV轮胎相当于一个把无数只弹簧结合在一起的物体,在与路面接触时,由于车轮周向上每一点的刚度和跳动以及车轮的变形和偏心距的影响,不同的点与路面接触的力是变化的。
这个变化量称为径向力变动RFV(图2.16)3. 减小其它引发振动因素的方法◆轮胎平斑当车辆停放很长时间或有其他因素造成胎侧刚性短时间内下降,在汽车的重量作用下轮胎被压向路面,使胎面接地处变平,这称为平斑(图2.18)平斑的防止:避免长期停放车辆……………………………提高充气压力将轮胎充气至正确的充气压力………………在充气压力较低的情况下更易出现平斑注意季节的变化………………………………注意白天气温高而夜晚气温低的季节避免在负荷较大的情况下停放车辆…………超载易造成平斑◆轮胎轮辋组合件⑴轮胎均匀性标志,一般为红点(RFV最大点)与轮辋的白点(RFV最小点),对应安装(图2.19)⑵将车轮安装在汽车上时,即使非常仔细,也会造成0.1到0.3mm的偏心距(0.2mm的安装偏心距相当于大约20g的不平衡度)。
普利司通轮胎培训手册-00
力下降,导 致轮胎安全 倍数降低
三.轮胎的缺陷鉴定—5.爆胎
其它
防老剂
防焦剂
增塑剂
+
增粘剂
配合剂
+
帘布
工
+艺
胎圈钢丝
二.轮胎的使用与保养—1.轮胎的存放
1.轮胎存放
◆轮胎不得与油类、易燃品、化学腐蚀品混放,以免造成轮胎发粘或软化。 ◆轮胎应存放在室内、没有阳光直射及雨淋的地方。 ◆防止外物(钉子、石块、金属及玻璃碎片等)损坏轮胎。 ◆按照“先入先出”的原则进行存货的周转。 ◆轮胎应在存放架上立放,如没有存放架,也必须在地面上立放,以免造成胎圈并口,致使充气困难。
12 1
2
5 13
14
一.基础知识—4.轮胎标识
编号
项目
英文标识
中文含义
1 商标
BRIDGESTONE
普利司通(轮胎品牌)
2 规格
215/55R17 93V
轮胎规格标识
3 轮胎结构
STEEL BELT RADIAL
钢丝带束层子午线
4 无内胎
TUBELESS
无内胎
5 生产编号
1ULM JAF 4205
4. 确认轮胎轮辋是否匹配
二.轮胎的使用与保养—3.轮胎的安装
5.装胎时应在轮胎胎圈部位涂抹润滑膏, 以减少装胎阻力及初装充气压力。
6.装胎时上、下胎圈不得同时装入轮辋。安装 低扁平率轮胎或特殊轮胎(如:RFT轮胎)必须 使用专用设备和工具(为避免损坏胎圈和轮辋, 必须使用防护套)。装胎时不得损坏胎圈,以免 影响气密性及发生爆胎事故。
中文含义 标准轮辋:6J
3C认证标识
中国制造
1轮胎基础知识普利司通
6.00-12 165/70R13
轻载及载重 6.50-16LT
6.50-16
6.50-16 6.50-16LT
胎
215/75R14LT LT215/75R14 215/75R14C 215/75R14LT
轿车胎〔GB〕: 斜交胎:
6.00 - 轮胎的公称断面宽 6英寸 12 - 轮辋的名义直径 12英寸
轮胎、轮辋的分类及规格标识
• 子午胎: 165/70R13 79T
•
165 – 轮胎的公称断面宽 165mm
•
70 – 轮胎断面的高宽比〔扁平比〕
•
R – 子午胎〔RADIAL〕
•
13 – 轮辋名义直径 13英寸
•
79 – 负荷指数
•
T – 速度等级 T = ຫໍສະໝຸດ 90 km/h• 轻载及载重胎
•
斜交胎:
按有无内胎分类
有内胎轮胎
无内胎轮胎
有无内胎轮胎的主要区别:
区分
胎里
胎里橡胶
有内胎型 无内胎型
内衬胶 气密层
天然橡胶 卤化丁基胶
轮胎着合直径与 轮辋直径的配合
非过盈配合
过盈配合
气门嘴
内胎气门嘴 轮辋气门嘴
无内胎轮胎在性能上的优势:
①. 避免内胎故障(例如内胎漏气) ②. 轮胎被刺穿后避免空气快速泄漏 ③. 轮胎内压缩空气直接与轮辋接触,散热效率高 缺点:
1.出色的驱动力和制动 力.
2.强大的牵引力。
铺装路面,高速
普通路面,非铺 装路面
1. 纵 纹 提 供 转 向 稳 定 性
并有助于防止侧滑。 2. 横 纹 改 善 了 驱 动 力 、
制动力及牵引力。
普通路面,非铺 装路面
普利司通TURANZA(泰然者)AR10
龙源期刊网 普利司通TURANZA(泰然者)AR10作者:高朔来源:《汽车与运动》2010年第01期测试日期:2009年8月至12月,已进行至第四个月。
测试对象:普利司通泰然者AR10,中档舒适型胎。
非对称非单导向,不分内外侧。
测试地点:城市柏油路、雨雪路面。
轮胎规格:205/55R16 91V。
累计约1200km。
主要适配车型:速腾、花冠、明锐。
测试车型:一汽-大众速腾1.6L 5档手动前置前驱。
经过4个月的实车测试,我对普利司通TUICCNZA(泰然者)AR10的感受越来越深,泰然者在平衡驾驶感觉以及舒适性方面都有着令人信服的表现。
反倒是冬季的低温,让我能够仔细去体验轮胎在干燥路面的实际操控性等其他性能。
TURANZA(泰然者)AR10是一款定位于家庭轿车的轮胎,在操控性方面有一定的说服力,在实际体验中这点给我留下了深刻印象。
泰然者AR10轮胎中央3条粗大的纹路,能够在转向上提供足够的稳定性,再加上轮胎两边宽大的板块,有效地提高了轮胎的弯道抓地能力以及快速变线的支撑力,AR10采用了AQ多能驰二代双层胎面设计,在轮胎磨损到一定程度后,对地面的抓地性,依然保持如新品时的表现,这对于广大的车主来说是非常难得的。
我还要再次提到AR10优异的操控性带给人的愉悦感。
我每天下班时路过清华大学与圆明园之间的一条大S形弯道,那是我测试轮胎抓地力和体验弯道快感的一处绝佳之地,乐此不疲。
每当我驾驶速腾经过这里,总是会提高车速,享受一把过弯时那种异常爽快的感觉。
当然速腾ESP的作用还是功不可没的,但是出于安全考虑,始终没有让其接近过响胎的极限状态。
泰然者AR10强调驾驶操控性的轮胎,纹路设计非常讲究。
轮胎表面的花纹,在很大程度给于地驾驶提供了充足的抓地力。
据称在湿地驾驶方面提供的技术含量,也是这款轮胎的精髓所在。
全新三维花纹设计,加上胎肩的花纹的不规则分布,都能让湿地排水性有非常大的提高,同时不失驾控感觉,这在雪融后湿滑的道路上能给你带来安全感。
普利司通全新L37OSUPER上市
普利司通全新L37OSUPER上市
林丹萍
【期刊名称】《物流与供应链》
【年(卷),期】2010(000)004
【摘要】世界著名轮胎厂商普利司通(中国)宣布推出适用于多行业混合路面的
全能明星产品L370SUPER,为卡客车载重轮胎家族再添新成员。
此款产品的上市,为那些奔波在公路建设尚待完善地区的广大载重货车用户带来了福音。
【总页数】1页(P81)
【作者】林丹萍
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F832.5
【相关文献】
1.普利司通开发出全新轮胎磨损评估技术
2.普利司通全新技术诊断帕拉橡胶树病害
3.普利司通推介全新赛道专用轮胎
4.普利司通成功研制便于诊断帕拉橡胶树病害的全新技术
5.无与伦比的多参数精确测量——SevenExcelIence^TM系列仪表全新上市SeVenExcellence^TM系列仪表全新上市
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
普利司通发布“Large&Narrow概念轮胎”
普利司通发布“Large&Narrow概念轮胎”
佚名
【期刊名称】《《军民两用技术与产品》》
【年(卷),期】2013(000)004
【摘要】日本普利司通公司已成功研发出区别于以往任何一种轮胎的窄胎面、大直径“Large&Narrow概念轮胎”。
作为可降低汽车燃油消耗从而减少CO2排放的技术,“Large&Narrow概念轮胎”一直是普利司通重点研发的方向之一。
【总页数】1页(P21-21)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TQ336.42
【相关文献】
1.普利司通发布窄胎面·大直径“Large&Narrow概念轮胎” [J],
2.普利司通推出第2代非充气概念轮胎 [J],
3.普利司通发布Large&Narrow概念轮胎 [J],
4.普利司通发布窄胎面大直径概念轮胎 [J], 无
5.普利司通新一代智能轮胎采用自动驾驶概念 [J],
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
普利司通技术说明
一、轮胎轮廓设计
(一)技术核心
1、动态平衡轮廓理论
普利司通轮胎轮廓设计的核心是动态平衡轮廓理论。
传统的设计理论是自然平衡轮廓理论,这种理论让轮胎在静止充气状态达到受力最佳,但是当轮胎在使用即滚动状态下,由于离心力、负载的作用,轮廓会发生变化,静态平衡轮廓就不是最佳状态了。
而动态平衡轮廓理论通过模拟轮胎滚动状态,使的轮胎轮廓在滚动状态下达到最佳状态。
动态平衡轮廓和静态平衡轮廓的轮胎形状差异(虚线为静态平衡轮廓)
这种最佳状态表现为:
(1)钢丝带束层所受张力平均分配,从而使轮胎的胎面与地面接触更加充分,导致对地抓着力、抗湿滑性、滚动阻力、高速性能的大幅度上升。
传统理论设计的轮胎接地状态,胎面与地面接触不充分
动态平衡理论设计的轮胎接地状态,胎面与地面接触比较充分
(2)动态平衡轮廓的轮胎因为轮廓形状设计的合理,轮胎子口部位在充气压力的作用下向上抬起,减少了子口部位和轮辋的应力作用,耐久性能更好;传统设计理论的轮廓子口部位往往被充气压力压向轮辋,当子口部位不断曲挠变形的时候很容易损坏,耐久性能不佳。
2、BBB设计理论
BBB设计理论是在动态平衡轮廓理论基础上发展起来的,它的目的是在保持轮胎总体良好性能的基础上把轮廓缩小,从而达到有效降低轮胎成本、提升轮胎性价比的效果。
一般轮胎的直径和宽度都是按照国际标准值设计,如果小于标准值就会造成
轮胎体积偏小,负载能力和刚性不足,影响安全性和操作性能。
但是BBB设计技术的应用可以使轮胎的直径和宽度都小于标准值(仍然在标准值的下限范围之内),它的原理就是通过特定程序的计算,得出轮胎轮廓的几个关键点,然后依据这几个点按照特定的方法绘制出轮廓,使的整个轮胎的胎肩和子口这两个轮胎最关键的部位处于最佳平衡状态,并且在轮胎的体积缩小的情况下仍然保证足够的刚性,满足车辆操纵的需求。
BBB设计使的轮胎比普通轮胎具有明显的成本优势,并且性能也犹有过之。
(二)技术优势
普利司通轮胎轮廓设计的两大支柱就是动态平衡轮廓理论和BBB设计理论,这两种理论综合运用,用最小的资源消耗达到最佳的性能,具有巨大的竞争优势:
1、在使用相同的骨架材料和胶料的情况下,普利司通技术的轮胎具有更好操纵性、
安全性、低滚阻、抗湿滑性。
2、在明显低于其它轮胎成本(可达10%)的情况下,可以实现相同甚至更好的轮
胎性能,并且因为重量低,可以更有效降低滚动阻力,实现节油环保。
二、花纹设计
(一)技术核心
1、花纹性能模拟技术
半钢子午胎规格种类繁多,并且绝大部分用于轿车,这就赋予它很强的时尚色彩,因此轮胎花纹也是千变万化,需要不断推陈出新。
但是由于轮胎花纹对
轮胎的性能也有很大影响,很多花纹设计好看却性能很差,所以很多轮胎厂家
受困于轮胎花纹美学和性能的矛盾,不敢也无法在花纹图案方面大胆设计。
普利司通由于具有成熟的花纹模拟技术,即花纹设计方案没有变成轮胎实物之前就对其性能模拟,判断其优劣,并加以改进,使得花纹设计师可以大胆设
计多种方案加以筛选改进,最后投产的轮胎花纹既新颖美观又性能出众,缩短
了研发周期,提升了产品档次。
轮胎花纹模拟
2、低噪音技术
轮胎噪音主要由轮胎震动、胎内空气振荡、轮胎撞击地面、胎面花纹沟里的空气被压缩又释放产生的风管噪音,其中前3项噪音是相对比较固定的,风管噪音才
是可以被改进的重点。
普利司通的低噪音技术是通过把花纹设计成不同大小的节距,并且按照优化的方式排列组合,使的轮胎花纹的风管噪音以不同的频率产生,并以一定的方式组合,让人耳听起来的嘈杂、尖锐等不舒服的感觉明显降低。
实现轮胎低噪音的关键是花纹的不同节距的比例和排列方式,节距的比例决定噪音发出的频率(人耳对不同频率的声音的敏感度是不同的),排列方式决定不同
不同频率噪音的分布和峰值,峰值越小,人耳感觉的噪声越小。
普利司通低噪音技术通过电子计算机按照独有的公式运算,得出每个规格的最佳节距比,并且用频谱模拟技术得出节距的最佳排列方式。
(二)技术优势
1、花纹形状设计是轮胎技术里最难定量化的部分,很多轮胎企业都大致知道什么类
型的花纹具有什么样的性能,但是无法做到量化和精确处理,因此很难在保证花
纹美观的同时又具有优越的性能,即使通过实车试验对比筛选的方式也只能获得
相对较好的方案,而且往往周期很长。
普利司通的花纹性能模拟技术使得在众
多花纹样本里快速筛选最佳方案变成可能,从而获得巨大的竞争优势。
2、降低轮胎噪音一直是轮胎界的难题,轮胎一旦定型,想降低一分贝的噪音都很困
难,同样是因为缺乏定量分析计算的手段。
普利司通的低噪音技术可以在轮胎
未生产前就能进行充分的分析和改进,赋予轮胎低噪音的先天优势。
三、轮胎制造技术
(一)技术核心
1、高品质精确均匀轮胎制造技术
精确均匀是半钢子午胎所有性能和优越性得以正常发挥的基础,普利斯通的轮胎制造技术处处体现和保证着轮胎的精确和均匀:
密炼工艺从进料开始就把不同批次和进货渠道的原料按照标准比例混合均匀,混炼过程根据不同胶料的不同配方实施不同的混炼工艺,保证胶料的混炼
均匀,并且在达到严格的技术指标后才结束混炼过程。
半成品部件的制造普遍采用在线检测和监控技术,一旦检测到部件生产异常就及时报警并自动进行纠正,并且监测的标准也十分严格。
成型自动化程度高,减少人工操作造成的误差;部件衔接做到尽量少接头甚至无接头,保证轮胎的均匀性;半成品和胎坯的运输和储存都尽量避免因变形
造成的轮胎不均匀。
硫化对温度、压力、时间都实行全程电脑监控,并具体到每台硫化机,硫化模具的尺寸是否均匀、胎坯抓取和进模的位置是否准确也严格控制。
2、绿色高效轮胎制造技术
绿色高效既是环保的要求也是企业保持竞争优势的需要,普利司通轮胎制造技术很好的实现了这一点:
绿色体现在低能耗和环保材料的使用
使用大型密炼机组,减少每吨胶料所耗的电能。
硫化工艺采用氮气硫化,氮气制造采用先进耗能少的深冷制氮工艺。
照明尽量利用太阳能。
采用EPS辐射预硫化技术,减少胶料的使用
全部采用环保配方,并且整个车间都安装除尘和通风装置,尽量减少对环境和人
员的污染。
高效体现在采用高效率的生产设备和工艺流程
生产设备自动化程度高,例如普利司通在日本的工厂就使用了无人自动成型机。
运输过程自动化程度高,例如胎坯从成型到硫化就使用运输带或悬挂链的方式。
每道工序采用电子看板管理,保证上道工序的产品在及时满足下道工序使用的同
时保持最低的库存。
(二)技术优势
普利斯通轮胎制造技术实现了绿色高效的生产高品质轮胎,把先进的设计高效的转
变成先进的产品,使低成本和高品质得以完美的结合,这是大部分轮胎企业所不具备的。
综述:普利司通技术是成熟先进的技术,昊华轮胎结合普利司通技术和自己的资源,发展出绿色节油轮胎、严寒气候轮胎、低噪音轮胎等先进产品的设计和生产技术。