(完整版)中国文化概论句子翻译
中国文化概论重点整理(完整版)
中国文化概论绪论一、学习中国文化概论的目的和意义1、有助于更加准确地认识我们民族自身。
（1）文化是民族的根本和灵魂；（2）文化存，则民族存；文化亡，则民族亡。
（3）她能告诉你：我是谁、从哪里来、到哪里去。
2、有助于增强我们的民族自信心和自尊心。
（1）中国文化不仅是东方文明的奇葩，而且还是世界文明的瑰宝；（2）传统文化教育的缺失，好比心灵的雾霾，会造成我们精神世界的浮躁、迷失、荒芜甚至幽暗。
3、有助于更加准确而深刻地认识我们当前的国情。
（1）文化的核心是价值观；（2）优秀的传统文化，是民族凝聚力的根本，是国家和民族的精神命脉；（3）文化是综合国力的重要表现。
4、有助于开阔我们的文化视野，提高文化素质。
（1）传统文化不是一个点，而是一个面；（2）传统文化是理想，是道德，是价值，是精神，是孝悌忠信礼义廉耻，是已所不欲勿施于人，是己立立人己达达人。
（3）缺乏民族文化滋养的人，是肤浅的，空心的，片面的，没有根基的，难以走远的。
5、有助于以理性态度和务实精神去继承传统，创造中华民族更加美好的未来。
（1）传承不是为了复古，继往是为了开来；（2）对文化的盲目自信和妄自菲薄都会种下苦果。
（3）源远才能流长，根深才会叶茂。
二、文化的涵义1、文化是一个内涵丰富、外延宽广的多维概念。
“文”的本义是指各色交错的纹理。
《周易》：“物相杂，故曰文”。
物体的形状、线条、色彩相互交错就是“纹”。
在此基础上，“文”字又有许多引申出十几种意义。
主要有三：其一，引申为文字、文章。
在此基础上又引申为诗词曲赋。
其二，引申为古代的礼乐制度，在此基础上又引申为法令条文。
其三，引申为精神修养，即文明，在此基础上又引申为文采。
子曰：质胜文则野，文胜质则史。
文质彬彬，然后君子。
“化”主要指事物动态变化的过程。
本意有三：一是变化，二是生化，三是造化。
《庄子·逍遥游》中的“化而为鸟，其名曰鹏”，中的“化”即指变化。
《周易》中“男女构精，万物化生”，雌雄构精，于是生成各种动物及某些植物。
中国文化概论重点资料(全)
中国文化概论重点资料（全）一绪论0.1.1.“文化”名称的来源。
1.“文”:①“文”的本义是“错画”,也就是花纹。
引申为后天形成的品德、修养,与表示“文先天素质的“质”相对。
在政治领域里,引申为“文治教化”。
②《论语雍也》曾说：“胜文则野。
文胜质则史。
文质彬彬,然后君子。
”2.“化”的本义:改易。
①易学著作《周易系辞上》说:“在天成象,在地成形,变化见矣”这里指的是自然的生成演化。
3.文化:①最早合成一《说苑·指武》:“凡武之兴,为不服也;文化不改,然后加诛。
②中国经典的“文化”是指人的后天修养与精神、物质的创造。
③翻译: culture。
0.1.2.广义文化与狭的定义。
1. (1)广义文化:是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。
①《大不列颠百科全书》定义:文化等同于“总体的人类社会遗产”。
②《苏联大百科全书》定义“文化是社会和人在历史上一定的发展水平,它表现为人们进行生活和活动的种种类型和形式,以及人们所创造的物质和精神财富。
”(2)狭义文化:狭义的文化又称人文文化,专指人类的精神创造,它注重人的心态部分。
狭义文化的定义不但适用于人类文化学,且适用于民族文化学、国别文化学等较为具体的范围。
2.理解广义文化定义的三个要点：(1)广义文化是与人类及人类的创造活动相联系的,是以人为中心的概念。
(2)广义文化是一个历史概念,它涵盖人类历史的全过程,是一个传承发展的综合概念。
(3)广义文化的外延涵盖物质创造和精神创造的全部。
0.1.3.各种与文化相关概念的正名。
1.文化产品:广义的文化产品指人类创造的一切提供给社会的可见成品,既包括物质产品,也包括精神产品。
例如农具。
狭义的文化产品专指精神产品,纯粹实用的生产工具、生活器具、能源资材等,一般不称为文化产品。
2.文化观念:诸如价值观、人生观、审美观等等3.文化现象:指人类文化发展过程中呈现出的某种外部状态和联系。
文化现象包括文化事象。
中国文化概论英文版Unit3答案
Unit 3 Harmony----The Fundamental Spirit of Chinese Culture Warm-up Activity1)Haibao.2)Better City, Better Life. Created from the Chinese character " 人," which meanspeople, the mascot manifests the concept that a good life should be created by all the people. The world should be supported by "people," and people should have harmonious relationships with nature and society, so that the life in cities would be better.3)The audio tapescript:Haibao: Mascot of Shanghai EXPOLike the mascots for huge worldwide events such as Olympics and World Cup, Haibao, the mascot of World Expo is very important for interpreting the theme and expressing the culture.Created from the Chinese character " 人," which means people, the mascot embodies the character of Chinese culture and echoes with theme of World Expo Shanghai "Better City,Better Life."The structure of Chinese character , in which two strokes support each other, manifests the concept that a good life should be created by all the people, the core to push the city development as well as the most creative part in the urbanization. The world should be supported by "people," and people should have harmonious relationships with nature and society, so that the life in cities would be better.Hair: the hair of the mascot is like the wave of the sea, which represents its open character and stated the character of its birth place Shanghai.Face: its cartoon expression shows its confidence and friendly character.Eye: big, round eyes show his anticipation of the city.Blue: the color shows its latitude and imagination, which represents the rising and potential China.Body: its round body represents a well-off life, which is also lovely and cute.Fist: he thumbs up to show the appreciation and warm welcome to the friends from all over the world.Big feet: he stands steadily on the big feet and embraces the world with big arms, which shows China have the ability and faith to host a successful Expo.Section A. Cultural TreasuresTask. Answer the following quesations based on the passage below. Reference for the discussion questions:1.退避三舍。
中西文化
英汉互译《中国文化概论》英汉互译：P28 Task 5 ；P64 Task 1 ；P65 Task 2课文里的句子：P61 11，13；P62 15，16；P63 19，20问答题红字部分为期末复习范围，其余的可作为各章复习的要点参考Chinese cultureSection 1 Some Traits of Chinese Culture1. What are the influences of China’s natural barriers on Chinese culture? P7第三段。
natural environment is responsible for Chineseculture in the following major aspectsfirstly ,it allows a vast living space for large numbers of tribes to survive, to move and to intermingle in the north and south of China. secondly, it nurtures a continentalculture looking inward , farming culture bent on soil, discouraging the emergence of an adventurous sea-faringpeople. thirdly, the natural barriers within the vast territories block easy communication to help create cultures, subcultures and unintelligent dialects.2. What is the traditional worldview of Chinese people? P13第一段“in terms of ... one’s lot”In terms of their worldview and philosophy of life ,the Chinese developed a rational notion of seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium as well as an optimistic sentiment to be content with one's lot.3. What are the national traits of Chinese people?P13第三段“the ultimate...a settle life.”The ultimate motive in seeking for harmony and maintaining equilibrium is to maintain stability-one of Chinese people's major traits.with little aggressiveness they are inclined to be satisfied with a simple and placid life. they seldom lose control of themselves, neither over-delighted,nor over-sorrowful,but imbued with persistence.they have a serene and sober dignity,and an optimistic attitude to grievances and disasters.they are skillful in dissolving injustice and calamity with tolerance and humor4. What is the nature of ancient Chinese society?P14第二段第一句以及划线部分。
《中国文化概论》知识点梳理
中国文化概论绪论一、填空题1、人类文化发展过程中呈现的某种外部状态和联系，通常称为（文化现象）2、与英文Culture对译的汉语是(文化)3．“凡武之兴，为不服也；文化不改，然后加诛”出自(《说苑?指武》)4. 人类文化发展过程中呈现出的某种外部状态和联系是（文化现象）5、中国文化属于（国别文化、多民族构成的共同体文化、东方文化）6、广义文化：是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造、并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。
7、当一种现象以同样的形式反复出现时，其中就含有规律性，成为某一时期、某一国家文化发展中带有典型和标志作用的事情，这些现象称为(文化事象)8、中国文化又称(中华文化、华夏文化、炎黄文化))9、文化传统除了延续性的特点外，还具有（稳定性）10、中国文化属于（国别文化、多民族构成的共同体文化、东方文化）11、贯穿于民族和国家各个历史阶段的各类文化的核心精神被称为（文化传统）12．学界把一些不属于狭义文化的事物中所具有的人文特性称为(文化内涵)二、名词解释1、文化思潮：某种文化观念及与之相关的文化事象，在某一特定时期，在一定背景下，对社会产生广泛影响，为多数人所赞同和奉行，其形成的潮流是文化思潮。
2、狭义文化：狭义文化又称人文文化，是某一社会集团（民族或阶级）在长期历史的发展中经传承累积而自然凝聚的共有的人文精神及其物质体现总体系。
3、文化内涵：不属于侠义文化的事物中所具有的人文特征，成为事物的文化内涵。
4、文化政策：指定一定的时代，一定的社会条件下，行政机构对文化领域的问题所颁布的相关规定和对策原则。
5、中国传统文化：以中国文化为源头、中国境内各民族共同创造的、长期历史发展所积淀的文化。
6、.狭义文化：是某一社会集体（民族或阶层）在长期历史发展中经传承累计而自然凝聚的共有的人文精神及其物质体现总体体系。
7、广义文化：广义文化是人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。
8、文化事象：当一种现象以同样的形式反复出现时，其中就含有规律性，成为某一历史时期，某一国家(民族或地域)文化发展中带有典型和标志作用的事情，这些现象成为文化事象。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture《中国文化概论》讲义-chapters 1-8
Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understanding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。
(完整word版)中国文化概论
一、文化总论1．为什么文化是“自然的人化”？人类从茹毛饮血茫然于人道的直立之兽演化而来，逐渐形成与天道联系而有区别的人道，就是文化创造的过程。
这个过程中,主体是人,客体是自然，文化便是人与自然、主体与客体在实践中的对立统一物.这里的自然，不只是自然界，还是人的自然属性。
文化是改造自然社会的活动，也改造着改造者自身，即实践者的人。
人创造了文化,同样文化也创造了人。
文化的实质性含义是人化或人类化，是人类主体通过社会实践活动,适应、利用、改造自然界课题的逐步实现自身价值观念的过程。
这一过程的成果体现，既反映在自然面貌、形态、功能的不断改观，更反映在人类个体与群体素质的不断提高和完善。
总而言之，凡是长约本能的，人类有意识地作用与自然界和社会的一切活动及结果，都属于文化，即“自然的人化”就是文化。
2．文化结构的四层次说包括哪些内容?物质：由人类加工自然创制的各种器物，即“物质的知识力量”构成的物态文化层。
制度：由人类在社会实践中建立的各种社会规范、社会组织构成的制度文化层。
风俗习惯：由人类在社会实践，尤其是在人际交往中约定俗成的习惯性定势构成的行为文化层。
思想与价值:由人类社会实践和意识活动中长期氤氲化育出来的价值观念、审美情趣、思维方式等构成的心态文化层。
这是文化的核心部分.具体而论，心态文化又可以再区分为社会心理和社会意识形态两个子层次。
依据与社会存在关系的疏密程度，我们又可以将社会意识形态区别为基层意识形态和高层意识形态.二、中国文化（一）文化背景1．中国传统社会的农耕经济有哪些特点?（1）持续性。
循环式的复苏和进步周而复始，使农业自然经济长期延续(2）多元成分结构。
从纵的方面讲，它始终保留着各个历史发展阶段的经济成份；从横的方面讲，它是与自给自足的自然经济联系在一起的。
中国的农耕经济并不仅仅是农业生产,它还包含着手工业、商业等多方面的经济成份。
到了封建社会晚期，商品性农业和为市场而生产的手工产品更在农家经济中占据重要地位。
（完整版）中国文化概论句子翻译
（完整版）中国文化概论句子翻译Unit 11.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.3.天地之大德曰生The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating.4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
中国文化概论(英语专业)
Chinese History
Chinese history can be divided into three periods: ▪ the legendary period, ▪ the ancient period (2100 B.C—A. D1840), ▪ the modern period (1840-present).
▪ 伏羲氏是上古的一位睿智的首领，也是上古的 “三皇”之一，他在我国古代医疗的发展过程中 起着重要的作用。 伏羲氏，姓风氏，传说中，他 为人民作了许多有意义的事情。他指导臣民制造 工具，结网打鱼，投矛狩猎，也开创了人类历史 上通过劳动主动获取食物的新纪元。
Yandi Shennong炎帝神农
▪ He was the god who invented farming and was the first to use herbs（药草） for medical use. According to the legends, Yandi Shennong had a wonderful whip. By lashing various kinds of herbs, it could distinguish whether they were poisonous or not, and what effect they might produce. With this whip, he cured diseases with herbs as medicine.
FuXi （伏羲）
▪ Fuxi was considered the first real ruler. He taught people how to devise tools, kindle(点燃) fire and cook food, how to domesticate(驯养) animals and tend flocks(禽群). He also devised the mysterious Eight Trigrams (八卦) which were used for divination（占卜）.
大学课程英文翻译
基础英语Basic English英语口语Spoken English英语写作English Writing英汉翻译Translation between English and Chinese现代汉语Modern Chinese古代汉语Ancient Chinese语言学概论An Introduction to Linguistics中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Modern and Contemporary Literature of China外国文学Foreign Literature中国文化概论Introduction to Chinese Culture西方文化与礼仪Western Culture and Etiquette汉语写作Chinese Writing对外汉语教学概论Introduction to Foreign-Related Chinese Education中外文化通论Introduction to Chinese and Foreign Culture国外汉学研究Chinese Research Abroad主题：大学课程名称英文翻译 1 2 生物物理学Biophysics真空冷冻干燥技术Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology16位微机16 Digit MicrocomputerALGOL语言ALGOL LanguageBASIC 语言BASIC LanguageBASIC 语言及应用BASIC Language & ApplicationC 语言C LanguageCAD 概论Introduction to CADCAD/CAM CAD/CAMCOBOL语言COBOL LanguageCOBOL语言程序设计COBOL Language Program DesigningC与UNIX环境C Language & Unix EnvironmentC语言与生物医学信息处理C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计C ourse Exercise in dBASE ⅢFORTRAN语言FORTRAN LanguageIBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XTIBM-PC微机原理Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PCLSI设计基础Basic of LSI DesigningPASCAL大型作业PASCAL Wide Range WorkingPASCAL课程设计Course Exercise in PASCALX射线与电镜X-ray & Electric MicroscopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly Languages板壳理论Plate Theory板壳力学Plate Mechanics半波实验Semiwave Experiment半导体变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology半导体材料Semiconductor Materials半导体测量Measurement of Semiconductors半导体瓷敏元件Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements半导体光电子学Semiconductor Optic Electronics半导体化学Semiconductor Chemistry半导体激光器Semiconductor Laser Unit半导体集成电路Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry半导体理论Semiconductive Theory半导体器件Semiconductor Devices半导体器件工艺原理Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device半导体物理Semiconductor Physics半导体专业Semiconduction Specialty半导体专业实验Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor薄膜光学Film Optics报告文学专题Special Subject On Reportage报刊编辑学Newspaper & Magazine Editing报纸编辑学Newspaper Editing泵与风机Pumps and Fans泵与水机Pumps & Water Turbines毕业设计Graduation Thesis编译方法Methods of Compiling编译技术Technique of Compiling编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling变电站的微机检测与控制Computer Testing & Control in Transformer Substation变分法与张量Calculus of Variations & Tensor变分学Calculus of Variations变质量系统热力学与新型回转压Variable Quality System Thermal Mechanics & Neo-Ro 表面活性物质Surface Reactive Materials并行算法Parallel Algorithmic波谱学Wave Spectrum材料的力学性能测试Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance材料力学Mechanics of Materials财务成本管理Financial Cost Management财政学Public Finance财政与金融Finance & Banking财政与信贷Finance & Credit操作系统Disk Operating System操作系统课程设计Course Design in Disk Operating System操作系统原理Fundamentals of Disk Operating System策波测量技术Technique of Whip Wave Measurement测量原理与仪器设计Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design测试技术Testing Technology测试与信号变换处理Testing & Signal Transformation Processing产业经济学Industrial Economy产业组织学Industrial Organization Technoooligy场论Field Theory常微分方程Ordinary Differentical Equations超导磁体及应用Superconductive Magnet & Application超导及应用Superconductive & Application超精微细加工Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing城市规划原理Fundamentals of City Planning城市社会学Urban Sociology成组技术Grouping Technique齿轮啮合原理Principles of Gear Connection冲击测量及误差Punching Measurement & Error冲压工艺Sheet Metal Forming Technology抽象代数Abstract Algebra传动概论Introduction to Transmission传感器与检测技术Sensors & Testing Technology传感器原理Fundamentals of Sensors传感器原理及应用Fundamentals of Sensors & Application传热学Heat Transfer传坳概论Introduction to Pass Col船舶操纵Ship Controling船舶电力系统Ship Electrical Power System船舶电力系统课程设计Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System 船舶电气传动自动化Ship Electrified Transmission Automation船舶电站Ship Power Station船舶动力装置Ship Power Equipment船舶概论Introduction to Ships船舶焊接与材料Welding & Materials on Ship船舶机械控制技术Mechanic Control Technology for Ships船舶机械拖动Ship Mechamic Towage船舶建筑美学Artistic Designing of Ships船舶结构力学Structual Mechamics for Ships船舶结构与制图Ship Structure & Graphing船舶静力学Ship Statics船舶强度与结构设计Designing Ship Intensity & Structure船舶设计原理Principles of Ship Designing船舶推进Ship Propeling船舶摇摆Ship Swaying船舶阻力Ship Resistance船体建造工艺Ship-Building Technology船体结构Ship Structure船体结构图Ship Structure Graphing船体振动学Ship Vibration创造心理学Creativity Psychology磁测量技术Magnetic Measurement Technology磁传感器Magnetic Sensor磁存储设备设计原理Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment磁记录技术Magnetographic Technology磁记录物理Magnetographic Physics磁路设计与场计算Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculati磁盘控制器Magnetic Disk Controler磁性材料Magnetic Materials磁性测量Magnetic Measurement磁性物理Magnetophysics磁原理及应用Principles of Catalyzation & Application大电流测量Super-Current Measurement大电源测量Super-Power Measurement大机组协调控制Coordination & Control of Generator Networks大跨度房屋结构Large-Span House structure大型锅炉概况Introduction to Large-V olume Boilers大型火电机组控制Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks大学德语College German大学俄语College Russian大学法语College French大学日语College Japanese大学英语College English大学语文College Chinese大众传播学Mass Media代用运放电路Simulated Transmittal Circuit单片机原理Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers单片机原理及应用Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers & Applications 弹性力学Theory of Elastic Mechanics当代国际关系Contemporary International Relationship当代国外社会思维评价Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought 当代文学Contemporary Literature当代文学专题Topics on Contemporary Literature当代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy当代戏剧与电影Contemporary Drama & Films党史History of the Party导波光学Wave Guiding Optics等离子体工程Plasma Engineering低频电子线路Low Frequency Electric Circuit低温传热学Cryo Conduction低温固体物理Cryo Solid Physics低温技术原理与装置Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment低温技术中的微机原理Priciples of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温绝热Cryo Heat Insulation低温气体制冷机Cryo Gas Refrigerator低温热管Cryo Heat Tube低温设备Cryo Equipment低温生物冻干技术Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology低温实验技术Cryo Experimentation Technology低温物理导论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概论Cryo Physic Concepts低温物理概念Cryo Physic Concepts低温仪表及测试Cryo Meters & Measurement低温原理Cryo Fundamentals低温中的微机应用Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology低温装置Cryo Equipment低噪声电子电路Low-Noise Electric Circuit低噪声电子设计Low-Noise Electronic Designing低噪声放大与弱检Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing低噪声与弱信号检测Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals地理Geography第二次世界大战史History of World War II电测量技术Electric Measurement Technology电厂计算机控制系统Computer Control System in Power Plants电磁测量实验技术Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology 电磁场计算机Electromagnetic Field Computers电磁场理论Theory of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场数值计算Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology电磁场中的数值方法Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields电磁场中的数值计算Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields电磁学Electromagnetics电动力学Electrodynamics电镀Plating电分析化学Electro-Analytical Chemistry电工测试技术基础Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering电工产品学Electrotechnical Products电工电子技术基础Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工基础Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础理论Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering电工基础实验Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrotechnics电工技术基础Fundamentals of Electrotechnics电工实习Electrical Engineering Practice电工实验技术基础Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering电工学Electrical Engineering电工与电机控制Electrical Engineering & Motor Control电弧电接触Electrical Arc Contact电弧焊及电渣焊Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding电化学测试技术Electrochemical Measurement Technology电化学工程Electrochemical Engineering电化学工艺学Electrochemical Technology电机测试技术Motor Measuring Technology电机电磁场的分析与计算Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor & Electromagnetic Fields电机电器与供电Motor Elements and Power Supply电机课程设计Course Exercise in Electric Engine电机绕组理论Theory of Motor Winding电机绕组理论及应用Theory & Application of Motor Winding电机设计Design of Electrical Motor电机瞬变过程Electrical Motor Change Processes电机学Electrical Motor电机学及控制电机Electrical Machinery Control & Technology电机与拖动Electrical Machinery & Towage电机原理Principle of Electric Engine电机原理与拖动Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage电机专题Lectures on Electric Engine电接触与电弧Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc电介质物理Dielectric Physics电镜Electronic Speculum电力电子电路Power Electronic Circuit电力电子电器Power Electronic Equipment电力电子器件Power Electronic Devices电力电子学Power Electronics电力工程Electrical Power Engineering电力生产技术Technology of Electrical Power Generation电力生产优化管理Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation电力拖动基础Fundamentals for Electrical Towage电力拖动控制系统Electrical Towage Control Systems电力系统Power Systems电力系统电源最优化规划Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System 电力系统短路Power System Shortcuts电力系统分析Power System Analysis电力系统规划Power System Planning电力系统过电压Hyper-V oltage of Power Systems电力系统继电保护原理Power System Relay Protection电力系统经济分析Economical Analysis of Power Systems电力系统经济运行Economical Operation of Power Systems电力系统可靠性Power System Reliability电力系统可靠性分析Power System Reliability Analysis电力系统无功补偿及应用Non-Work Compensation in Power Systems & Applicati 电力系统谐波Harmonious Waves in Power Systems电力系统优化技术Optimal Technology of Power Systems电力系统优化设计Optimal Designing of Power Systems电力系统远动Operation of Electric Systems电力系统远动技术Operation Technique of Electric Systems电力系统运行Operation of Electric Systems电力系统自动化Automation of Electric Systems电力系统自动装置Power System Automation Equipment电路测试技术Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术基础Fundamentals of Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术及实验Circuit Measurement Technology & Experiments电路分析基础Basis of Circuit Analysis电路分析基础实验Basic Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路分析实验Experiment on Circuit Analysis电路和电子技术Circuit and Electronic Technique电路理论Theory of Circuit电路理论基础Fundamental Theory of Circuit电路理论实验Experiments in Theory of Circuct电路设计与测试技术Circuit Designing & Measurement Technology电器学Electrical Appliances电器与控制Electrical Appliances & Control电气控制技术Electrical Control Technology电视接收技术Television Reception Technology电视节目Television Porgrams电视节目制作Television Porgram Designing电视新技术New Television Technology电视原理Principles of Television电网调度自动化Automation of Electric Network Management电影艺术Art of Film Making电站微机检测控制Computerized Measurement & Control of Power Statio电子材料与元件测试技术Measuring Technology of Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件Electronic Material and Element电子材料元件测量Electronic Material and Element Measurement电子测量与实验技术Technology of Electronic Measurement & Experiment电子测试Electronic Testing电子测试技术Electronic Testing Technology电子测试技术与实验Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment电子机械运动控制技术Technology of Electronic Mechanic Movement Control电子技术Technology of Electronics电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用Application of Electronic Technology in Erosion Measurement 电子技术基础Basic Electronic Technology电子技术基础与实验Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment电子技术课程设计Course Exercise in Electronic Technology电子技术实验Experiment in Electronic Technology电子理论实验Experiment in Electronic Theory电子显微分析Electronic Micro-Analysis电子显微镜Electronic Microscope电子线路Electronic Circuit电子线路设计与测试技术Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology 电子线路实验Experiment in Electronic Circuit电子照相技术Electronic Photographing Technology雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节装置Regulation Equipment动态规划Dynamic Programming动态无损检测Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement动态信号分析与仪器Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus锻压工艺Forging Technology锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery锻压加热设备Forging Heating Equipment锻压设备专题Lectures on Forging Press Equipments锻压系统动力学Dynamics of Forging System锻造工艺Forging Technology断裂力学Fracture Mechanics对外贸易概论Introduction to International Trade多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Technology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nominal Matrix多元统计分析Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis发电厂Power Plant发电厂电气部分Electric Elements of Power Plants法律基础Fundamentals of Law法学概论An Introduction to Science of Law法学基础Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Translation泛函分析Functional Analysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Construction非电量测量Non-Electricity Measurement非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统Non-Linear Sampling System非线性光学Non-Linear Optics非线性规划Non-Linear Programming非线性振荡Non-Linear Ocsillation非线性振动Non-Linear Vibration沸腾燃烧Boiling Combustion分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析化学实验Analytical Chemistry Experiment分析力学Analytical Mechanics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulation,Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variate Movement Theory & Design of Fans风能利用Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex Variables Functions复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformation 复合材料力学Compound Material Mechanics傅里叶光学Fourier Optics概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process钢笔画Pen Drawing钢的热处理Heat-Treatment of Steel钢结构Steel Structure钢筋混凝土Reinforced Concrete钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Reinforced Concrete Structure高层建筑基础设计Designing bases of High Rising Buildings高层建筑结构设计Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings高等材料力学Advanced Material Mechanics高等代数Advanced Algebra高等教育管理Higher Education Management高等教育史History of Higher Education高等教育学Higher Education高等数学Advanced Mathematics高电压技术High-V oltage Technology高电压测试技术High-V oltage Test Technology高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcessing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experiment高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experiment高级英语听说Advanced English Listening & Speaking高能密束焊High Energy-Dense Beam Welding高频电路High-Frenquency Circuit高频电子技术High-Frenquency Electronic Technology高频电子线路High-Frenquency Electronic Circuit高压测量技术High-V oltage Measurement Technology高压测试技术High-V oltage Testing Technology高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculation in High-V oltage Electronic Field高压电器High-Voltage Electrical Appliances高压绝缘High-Voltage Insulation高压实验High-Voltage Experimentation高压试验技术High-V oltage Experimentation Technology工程材料的力学性能测试Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料及热处理Engineering Material and Heat Treatment工程材料学Engineering Materials工程测量Engineering Surveying工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique工程测试实验Experiment on Engineering Testing工程测试信息Information of Engineering Testing工程动力学Engineering Dynamics工程概论Introduction to Engineering工程概预算Project Budget工程经济学Engineering Economics工程静力学Engineering Statics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程热力学Engineering Thermodynamics工程项目评估Engineering Project Evaluation工程优化方法Engineering Optimizational Method工程运动学Engineering Kinematics工程造价管理Engineering Cost Management工程制图Graphing of Engineering工业分析Industrial Analysis工业锅炉Industrial Boiler工业会计学Industrial Accounting工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术基础Basic Industrial Technology工业建筑设计原理Principles of Industrial Building Design工业经济理论Industrial Economic Theory工业经济学Industrial Economics工业企业财务管理Industrial Enterprise Financial Management工业企业财务会计Accounting in Industrial Enterprises工业企业管理Industrial Enterprise Management工业企业经营管理Industrial Enterprise Adminstrative Management 工业社会学Industrial Sociology工业心理学Industrial Psychology工业窑炉Industrial Stoves工艺过程自动化Technics Process Automation公差Common Difference公差技术测量Technical Measurement with Common Difference公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperation公共关系学Public Relations公文写作Document Writing古代汉语Ancient Chinese古典文学作品选读Selected Readings in Classical Literature固体激光Solid State Laser固体激光器件Solid Laser Elements固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Unit固体物理Solid State Physics管理概论Introduction to Management管理经济学Management Economics管理数学Management Mathematics管理系统模拟Management System Simulation管理心理学Management Psychology管理信息系统Management Information Systems光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Technology光电信号处理Photoelectric Signal Processing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis光辐射探测技术Ray Radiation Detection Technology光谱Spectrum光谱分析Spectral Analysis光谱学Spectroscopy光纤传感Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器基础Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology光纤通信基础Basis of Fibre Optical Communication光学Optics光学测量Optical Measurement光学分析法Optical Analysis Method光学计量仪器设计Optical Instrument Gauge Designing光学检测Optical Detection光学设计Optical Design光学信息导论Introduction of Optical Infomation光学仪器设计Optical Instrument Designing光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing 光学仪器装配与校正Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment广播编辑学Broadcast Editing广播新闻Broadcast Journalism广播新闻采写Broadcast Journalism Collection & Composition广告学Advertisement锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combustion锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Exchange,Condction & Intensification锅炉原理Principles of Boiler国际金融International Finance国际经济法International Economic Law国际贸易International Trade国际贸易地理International Trade Geography国际贸易实务International Trade Affairs国际市场学International Marketing国际市场营销International Marketing国民经济计划National Economical Planning国外社会学理论Overseas Theories of Sociology过程(控制)调节装置Process(Control) Adjustment Device过程调节系统Process Adjustment System过程控制Process Control过程控制系统Process Control System海洋测量Ocean Surveying海洋工程概论Introduction to Ocean Engineering函数分析Functional Analysis焊接方法Welding Method焊接方法及设备Welding Method & Equipment焊接检验Welding Testing焊接结构Welding Structure焊接金相Welding Fractography焊接金相分析Welding Fractography Analysis焊接冶金Welding Metallurgy焊接原理Fundamentals of Welding焊接原理及工艺Fundamentals of Welding & Technology焊接自动化Automation of Welding汉语Chinese汉语与写作Chinese & Composition汉语语法研究Research on Chinese Grammar汉字信息处理技术Technology of Chinese Information Processing毫微秒脉冲技术Millimicrosecond Pusle Technique核动力技术Nuclear Power Technology合唱与指挥Chorus & Conduction合金钢Alloy Steel宏观经济学Macro-Economics宏微观经济学Macro Micro Economics红外CCD Infrared CCD红外电荷耦合器Infrared Electric Charge Coupler红外探测器Infrared Detectors红外物理Infrared Physics红外物理与技术Infrared Physics & Technology红外系统Infrared System红外系统电信号处理Processing Electric Signals from Infrared Systems 厚薄膜集成电路Thick & Thin Film Integrated Circuit弧焊电源Arc Welding Power弧焊原理Arc Welding Principles互换性技术测量基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement 互换性技术测量Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement互换性与技术测量实验Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology 画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础Elementary Chemical Industry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automation化工原理Principles of Chemical Industry化学Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离Chemical Decomposition化学工程基础Elementary Chemical Engineering化学计量学Chemical Measurement化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Consulting Method化学粘结剂Chemical Felter环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of Environmental Protection环境化学Environomental Chemistry环境行为概论Introduction to Environmental Behavior换热器Thermal Transducer回旧分析与试验设计Tempering Analysis and Experiment Design回转式压缩机Rotary Compressor回转压缩机数学模型Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Compressors会计学Accountancy会计与财务分析Accountancy & Financial Analysis会计与设备分析Accountancy & Equipment Analysis会计原理及外贸会计Principles of Accountancy & Foreign Trade Accountancy会计原理与工业会计Principles of Accountancy & Industrial Accountancy活力学Energy Theory活塞膨胀机Piston Expander活塞式制冷压缩机Piston Refrigerant Compreessor活塞式压缩机Piston Compressor活塞式压缩机基础设计Basic Design of Piston Compressor活塞压缩机结构强度Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor活赛压机气流脉动Gas Pulsation of Piston Pressor货币银行学Currency Banking基本电路理论Basis Theory of Circuit基础写作Fundamental Course of Composition机床电路Machine Tool Circuit机床电器Machine Tool Electric Appliance机床电气控制Electrical Control of Machinery Tools机床动力学Machine Tool Dynamics机床设计Machine Tool design机床数字控制Digital Control of Machine Tool机床液压传动Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission机电传动Mechanical & Electrical Transmission机电传动控制Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control机电耦合系统Mechanical & Electrical Combination System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuring机器人Robot机器人控制技术Robot Control Technology机械产品学Mechanic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mechanical Products机械工程控制基础Basic Mechanic Engineering Control机械加工自动化Automation in Mechanical Working机械可靠性Mechanical Reliability机械零件Mechanical Elements机械零件设计Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design机械零件设计基础Basis of Machinery Elements Design机械设计Mechanical Designing机械设计基础Basis of Mechanical Designing机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design机械设计原理Principle of Mechanical Designing机械式信息传输机构Mechanical Information Transmission Device机械原理Principle of Mechanics机械原理和机械零件Mechanism & Machinery机械原理及机械设计Mechanical Designing机械原理及应用Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle机械原理与机械零件Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements机械原理与机械设计Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design机械噪声控制Control of Mechanical Noise机械制造概论Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture机械制造工艺学Technology of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta 机械制造系统自动化Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System机械制造中计算机控制Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture机制工艺及夹具Mechanical Technology and Clamps积分变换Integral Transformation积分变换及数理方程Integral Transformation & Mathematical Equations积分变换控制工程Integral Transformation Control Engineering积分变换与动力工程Integral Transforms & Dynamic Engineering激光电源Laser Power Devices激光焊Laser Welding激光基础Basis of Laser激光技术Laser Technology激光加工Laser Processing激光器件Laser Devices激光器件与电源Laser Devices & Power Source激光原理Principles of Laser激光原理与技术Laser Principles & Technology极限分析Limit Analysis集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure技术管理Technological Management技术经济Technological Economy技术经济学Technological Economics技术市场学Technological Marketing计量经济学Measure Economics计算方法Computational Method计算机导论Introduction to Computers计算机导论与实践Introduction to Computers & Practice计算机辅助设计CAD计算机辅助设计与仿真Computer Aided Design & Imitation 计算机辅助语言教学Computer-Aided Language Teaching计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机概论Introduction to Computers计算机绘图Computer Graphics计算机基础Basis of Computer Engineering计算机接口技术Computer Interface Technology计算机接口与通讯Computer Interface & Communication计算机局域网Regional Network of Computers计算机控制Computer Controling计算机设计自动化Automation of Computer Design计算机实践Computer Practice计算机数据库Computer Database计算机算法基础Basis of Computer Algorithm计算机图形显示Computer Graphic Demonstration计算机图形学Computer Graphics计算机网络Computer Networks计算机系统结构Computer Architecture计算机语言处理Computer Language Processing计算机原理Principle of Computer Engineering计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry 计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition计算力学Computational Mechanics计算力学基础Basis of Computational Mechanics计算流体Fluid Computation继电保护新技术New Technology of Relay Protection继电保护原理Principles of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation检测技术Measurement Technique检测系统动力学Detection System Dynamics检测与控制Detection & Controling简明社会学Concise Sociology简明世界史Brief World History减振设计Vibration Absorption Designing渐近方法Asymptotical Method建筑材料Building Materials建筑初步Elementary Architecture建筑防火Building Fire Protection建筑概论Introduction to Architecture建筑构造Architectural Construction建筑结构Architectural Structure建筑结构抗震设计Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design建筑经济与企业管理Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management 建筑力学Architectural Mechanics建筑名作欣赏Appreciation of Architectural Works建筑入门Elementary Architecture建筑摄影Architectural Photographing建筑设备Architectural Equipment建筑设计Architectural Design建筑施工Construction Technology建筑绘画Architectural Drawing建筑物理Architecural Physics建筑制图Architectural Graphing胶体化学Colloid Chemistry交流调速系统Alternating Current Governor System教育心理学Pedagogic Psychology接口与控制器Interface and Controler接口与通讯Interface and Communication结构程序设计Structural Program Designing结构动力学Structural Dynamics结构化学Structural Chemistry结构检验Structural Testing结构力学Structural Mechanics结构素描Structure Sketching结构塑性分析Structural Plasticity Analysis结构稳定Stability Analysis of Structures结构先进技术Advanced Structuring Technology结构优化理论Optimal Structure Theory结构优化设计Optimal Structure Designing解析几何Analytic Geometry介质波导Medium Wave Guide介质测量Medium Measurement介质光学Medium Optics金属X射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis金属材料焊接Metal Material Welding金属材料学Metal Material Science金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatment金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protection金属腐蚀原理Principles of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Technics金属焊接性基础Elementary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Principles of Metal Welding金属机械性能Mechanical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mechanic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutting Machine Tool金属切削原理及刀具Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters金属熔焊原理Principles of Metal Molten Welding金属熔焊原理及工艺Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique 金属熔炼Metal Melting金属塑性成形原理Principles of Metal Forming金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatment金属学原理Principles of Metallography金相分析Metallographic Analysis金相技术Metallographic Techniques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testing Technology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measuring Technology近代经济史Modern History of Economics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra晶体管原理Principles of Transistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics精密测量技术Technology of Precision Measurement精密电气测量Precise Electric Measurement精密合金Precise Alloy精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery精密机械课程设计Course Design for Precision Machinery精密机械零件Precision Machinery Elements精密机械设计基础Elementary Precision Machinery Design。
《中国文化概论》A Glimpse Chinese Culture学习资料
Chapter 1 An Overview1.the People’s Republic of China (PRC) 中华人民共和国2.the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPC)中华人民共和国政治协商会议3.the Communist Party of China (CPC) 中国共产党4.the national emblem 国徽5.the Tian’anmen Rostrum 天安门城楼6.the National People’s Congress (NPC) 全国人民代表大会7.the national anthem 国歌8.Forbidden City 故宫9.Temple of Heaven 天坛10.Summer Palace 颐和园11.Ming Tombs 明十三陵12.Roof of the world 世界屋脊13.the Yangtze River 长江14.the grand canal between Beijing and Hangzhou 京杭大运河15.the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙16.the institution of slavery 奴隶制17.Thrice he had gone past his own house without even looking in.（大禹）三过家门而不入18.the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods. 春秋战国时期19.the Three Kingdoms Period. 三国时期20.a tripartite balance 三国鼎立21.Clothed sd in the yellow imperial gown. 黄袍加身unch a rebellion. 起义23. Ascend the throne. 登基24.the Opium War. 鸦片战争25.A country of semi-feudal, semi-colonial status. 半殖民地半封建社会26.the Republic of China. 中华民国27.the anti-Japanese War and the Liberation War. 抗日战争和解放战争28.Lunar calendar. 阴历29.A three-tier system. 三级建制30.Special administrative regions.(SAR) 特别行政区31.Statistical Communique on National Economic and Social Development. 国民经济和社会发展统计公报32.the National Bureau of Statistical. 国家统计局33.the policy of family planning. 计划生育政策34.the Standing Committee of the NPC. 全国人民代表大会常务委员会35.the State Council. 国务院36.the Central People’s Government. 中央人民政府37.Macro control. 宏观调控38.the gross domestic product(GDP). 国内生产总值39.the Chief Architect of China’s Reform. 改革开放总设计师Chapter 2 Philosophy and Religions1.Four Great Inventions. 四大发明2.A hundred schools of thought contend. 百家争鸣3.The philosophy in Pre-Qin times. 先秦子学4.Benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance. 仁、义、忠、恕5.The golden mean. 中庸6.Non-action. 无为7.The orthodox philosophy during the Han dynasty. 两汉经学8.Banning all schools of thought except Confucianism. 罢黜百家，独尊儒术9.Human behaviour finds responses in Heaven. 天人感应10.The power of the emperors are authorized by Heaven. 君权神授11.Man is an integral part of nature. 天人合一12.Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties. 魏晋玄学13.The Book of Changes. 易经14.Three profound studies. 三玄15.The Buddhist Philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties. 隋唐佛学16.Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties. 宋明理学17.Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties. 明清实学18.Nirvana 涅槃19.To prefer it is better than only to know it, to delight in it is better than merely to prefer it. 知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者20.Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people. 天时不如地利，地利不如人和21.Chinese Chan Buddhism. 禅宗22.Preaches epiphany. 顿悟23.Buddhist scriptures. 经文24.The three obediences and four virtues. 三从四德25.Morality, proper speech, modest manner,and diligence. 品德、言语、仪态、女工26.To father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after becoming a widow. 未嫁从父，既嫁从夫，夫死从子27.The three basic rules and five constant virtues. 三纲五常28.A king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife. 君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲29.Benevolence, righteousness,propriety, wisdom,and fidelity. 仁、义、礼、智、信30.A celestial being. 仙人31.Jude Pure, upper Pure, great Pure. 玉清、上清、太清32.When the Eight Immortals cross the sea, each demonstrates his/her divine power. 八仙过海，各显神通33.Dragon-Tiger Mountain. 龙虎山34.The Eight-Fold Path. 八正道35.The four Heavenly kings. 四大天王ughing Buddha. 弥勒佛37.The great buddha hall. 大雄宝殿38.The Eighteen Arhats. 十八罗汉39.The White Horse Temple. 白马寺Chapter 3 Literature1.the Book of Songs. 《诗经》2.Poetry of the South. 《楚辞》3.Feng or folk ballads. 风4.Ya or dynastic hymns. 雅5.Song or sacrificial songs. 颂6.The journey is long, /I’ll search up and down. 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索7.Sorrow after Departure. 《离骚》8.Ask Heaven. 《天问》9.Nine Elegies. 《九章》10.Nine Songs. 《九歌》11.the Prose of the Pre-Qin Period. 先秦散文12.Historical prose. 历史散文13.Philosophical prose. 诸子散文14.The Book of History. 《尚书》15.Spring and Autumn Annal. 《春秋》16.Zuo’s Commentary. 《左传》17.Intrigues of the Warring States. 《战国策》18.Discourses of the States. 《国语》19.The Analects of Confucius. 《论语》20.On Faults of Qin. 《过秦论》menting Qu Yuan. 《吊屈原赋》22.Master Void Rhapsody. 《子虚赋》23.Rhapsody on Great Man. 《上林赋》24.Records of the Grand Historian. 《史记》25.Southeast the Peacock Flies. 《孔雀东南飞》26.The Ballad of Mulan. 《木兰诗》27.The Chile Ballad. 《敕勒歌》28.Vast is the sky, boundless the wilds, grazing the cattle are as the grass bend down in the wind. 天苍苍野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊29.Seven Masters of the Jian’an Period. 建安七子30.The Sea. 《观沧海》31.A Short Song. 《短歌行》32.The Peach Blossom Spring. 《桃花源记》33.The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. 《文心雕龙》34.The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems. 《全唐诗》35.The Four Literary Eminences. 初唐四杰36.Friendships across the world/make near neighbours of far horizons. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻37.Celestial poet. 诗仙38.Saint poet. 诗圣39.Thinking in the Silent Night. 《静夜诗》40.Hard is the Road to Shu. 《蜀道难》41.Dreaming of Sightseeing in the Tianmu Mountains. 《梦游天姥吟留别》42.Three Officers. 三吏43.The Xin’an Officer. 《新安吏》44.The Shihao Officer. 《石壕吏》45.The Officer at Tongguan Pass. 《潼关吏》46.Three Partings. 三别47.Parting of the Newly-wed. 《新婚别》48.Parting of the Old. 《垂老别》49.Parting of the Homeless. 《无家别》50.Frontier poets. 边塞诗人51.Pastoral poets. 田园诗人52.The Older Charcoal Seller. 《卖炭翁》53.Song of Eternal Sorrow. 《长恨歌》54.Song of a Pipa Player. 《琵琶行》55.The Beautiful Lady Yu. 《虞美人》56.Moon on the Western River. 《西江月》57.Butterfly Loves Flowers. 《蝶恋花》58.Immortals Meeting on the Magpie Bridge. 《鹊桥仙》59.The Powerful and Free School. 豪放派60.To the Tune of Charm of a Maiden Singer:The Red Cliff. 《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》61.To the Tune of Water Melody:The Mid-Autumn Festival. 《水调歌头·明月几时有》62.To the Tune of a Riverside Town:Dreaming of His Deceased Wife. 《江城子·十年生死两茫茫》63.Slow Slow Song. 《声声慢》64.Autumn Thought. 《秋思》65.The Injustice to Dou E. 《窦娥冤》66.Four Dreams of Linchuan. 《临川四梦》67.The Peony Pavilion. 《牡丹亭》68.Romance of the Three Kingdoms. 《三国演义》69.Water Margin. 《水浒传》70.Journey to the West. 《西游记》71.Dream of the Red Mansions. 《红楼梦》72.Three Volumes of Words and Two Volumes of Slapping. 《三言二拍》73.The Scholars. 《儒林外史》74.Strange Tales from a Scholar’s Studio. 《聊斋志异》75.Execute justice in the name of Heaven by killing the rich and relieving the poor. 杀富济贫，替天行道76.Sun Wukong Causing Havoc in the Heavenly Palace. 《孙悟空大闹天宫》77.Zhu Bajie Got Married at Gaolao Village. 《高老庄娶亲》78.Sun Wukong Assaulting Thrice the White-Boned Demon. 《孙悟空三打白骨精》79.Crossing the Flaming Mountain. 《火焰山》80.Encyclopedia 百科全书81.Worldly novels 世情小说82.The mystery tales. 志怪小说83.The eight-part essay. 八股文84.Imperial examination system. 科举制度85.The Hundred Day’s Reform. 百日维新86.Exposure of the Official World. 《官场现形记》87.The Travel Records of Lao Can. 《老残游记》88.Flowers in the Mirror. 《镜花缘》89.The eight models of revolutionary modern operas. 八大革命现代京剧样板戏Lu Xun（鲁迅）90.Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers. Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the children. 横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛91.A Madman’s Diary. 《狂人日记》92.Call to Arms. 《呐喊》93.Wandering. 《彷徨》94.The Story of Ah Q. 《阿Q正传》95.Old Tales Retold. 《故事新编》Mao Dun（矛盾）96.Short Story Monthly. 《小说月报》97.Midnight. 《子夜》98.Spring Silkworms. 《春蚕》99.The Shop of Lin Family. 《林家铺子》Ba Jin（巴金）100.Trilogy of the Turbulent Currents. 《激流三部曲》101.Family. 《家》102.Spring 《春》103.Autumn 《秋》Lao She（老舍）104.the Rickshaw Boy. 《骆驼祥子》105.Four Generations Living Together. 《四世同堂》106.Teahouse 《茶馆》107.Dragon Beard Ditch. 《龙须沟》108.Thunderstorm 《雷雨》， Sunrise 《日出》-------曹禺Sheng Congwen（沈从文）109.Frontier City. 《边城》110.Long River. 《长河》111.The Autobiography. 《从文自传》Ai Qing（艾青）112.Dayan River. 《大堰河》113.Facing Towards the Sun. 《向太阳》114.The Spring. 《春天》115.The Colorful Poem. 《彩色的诗》116.The Fields and the City. 《原野与城市》117.On Poetry. 《诗论》118.On New-Style Poems. 《新诗论》119.Collected Works of New Culture. 《新文艺论集》120.Anthology of Ai Qing. 《艾青全集》Chapter 4 Arts1.the handwriting reveals the writer. 字如其人2.Dian or dot stroke. 点3.Heng or horizontal stroke. 横4.Shu or vertical stroke. 竖5.Pie or curved stroke. 撇6.Gou or hooked stroke. 勾7.Zhe or angular stroke. 辄8.Standalone characters. 独立成字9.The seal form. (zhuan 篆书)10.The official form. （li 隶书）11.The cursive form. (cao 草书)12.The regular form. (kai 楷书)13.The running form. （xing 行书）14.Small seal script. 小篆15.Pictography. 象形文字16.The running regular form. 行楷17.The running cursive form. 行草18.Sage of Chinese calligraphy. 书圣19.The Preface to the Lanting Collection of Calligraphy. 《兰亭集序》20.Painting is said to have the same origin as calligraphy. 书画同源21.Ink-wash painting. 水墨画22.Running Horses. 《奔马图》23.The Foolish Man Moving Mountain. 《愚公移山》24.The excellence of a painting lies in its being alike, yet unlike. Too much likeness flatters the vulgar taste; too much unlikeness deceives the world. 画妙在似与不似之间，太似则媚俗，不似则欺世25.Mural paintings. 壁画26.Wood-cut block print. 木刻版画27.Chinese Spring Festival Pictures. 年画28.Four Treasures of the Study. 文房四宝29.Brush, ink, paper, ink stone. 笔、墨、纸、砚30.Copybook. 字帖31.Heroic forest outlaws. 绿林好汉32.The Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage. 人类口头非物质文化遗产33.The United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization. （UNESCO）联合国教科文组织34.Face changes. 变脸35.Butterfly’s Love. 《梁山伯与祝英台》36.The West Chamber. 《西厢记》37.Chasing the Fish. 《追鱼》38.The Heavenly Maid and the Mortal. 《天仙配》39.Female Son-in-Law of the Emperor. 《女驸马》40.Acrobatics. 杂技41.Cross-talk. 相声42.Clapper talk. 快板43.Storytelling. 评书44.New Year Gala Show. 春节联欢晚会45.Puppet Show. 木偶戏46.Shadow Play. 皮影戏47.Ghost-Exorcising Opera. 傩舞48.Plucked Instruments. 弦乐器49.Ambush on All Sides. 《十面埋伏》50.Spring Moonlight on the Flowers by the River. 《春江花月夜》51.Zither. 古筝52.Singing on the Return of Fishing Boats. 《渔舟唱晚》53.Hight Mount Flowing Water. 《高山流水》54.Two Springs Reflect the Moon. 《二泉映月》55.Percussion Instruments. 打击乐器56.Wind Instruments. 管弦乐57.Ceremonial horn. 唢呐58.One Hundred Birds Serenade the Phoenix. 《百鸟朝凤》59.Bamboo flute. 笛子Chapter 5 Education1.Private schools. 私塾2.Official institutions. 官学3.Persons of virtue. 贤人4.The Four Books and the Five Classics. 四书五经5.The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. 《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》6.The Book of Poems, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, The Spring and Autumn Annals. 《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》7.The academy of classic learning. 书院8.The books collection mansions. 藏书阁9.Six Skills(Arts):Ritual, Music, Archery, Chariot-Riding, Writing, Arithmetic. 六艺：礼、乐、射、御、书、数10.New learning. 新学11.The Revolution of 1911. 辛亥革命12.Nine-year compulsory education. 九年义务教育13.Ensure an all-round development of the students morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. 德智体美全面发展14.Project Hope. 希望工程15.Spring Bud Project. 春蕾计划16.Key institutions. 重点大学17.Spring Sunshine Programme. 春晖计划18.The National College Entrance Examination. 高考。
中国文化概论英文版Unit4答案
Unit 4 Traditional Ethics and Ten Aspects of RighteousnessWarm-up ActivityTask. Matching: WHO SAID IT?1.Zhuangziozi3.Mencius4.Confucius5.Mozi6.Confuciusoziozi9.Hanfeizi10.ConfuciusSection A Cultural TreasuresTask 1 Matching Execrise.1) h 2) k 3) i 4) e 5) f 6) b 7)g 8) n 9) j 10) c 11) o 12) 13) m 14) d 15) aTask 2 Answers to Quiz.1) 学而时习之，不亦说乎? （《学而》）2) 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎? （《学而》）3) 知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
（《为政》）4) 三人行，必有我师焉。
（《述而》）5) 人无远虑，必有近忧。
（《卫灵公》）6）吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。
（《为政》）7) 后生可畏（《子罕》）8) 朽木不可雕也（《公治长》）9) 听其言而观其行（《公治长》）10) 敏而好学，不耻下问（《公治长》）11) 有教无类。
（《卫灵公》）12) 道不同，不相为谋。
（《卫灵公》）13) 小不忍，则乱大谋。
（《卫灵公》）14) 人而无信，不知其可也。
《为政》）15) 学而不厌，诲人不倦（《述而》）Section B Cultural Knowledge CardingTask 1. Answer the following questions based on the above passage.1）Benevolence. In a broader sense “benevolence” covered respect, gener osity, trustworthiness, kindness, intelligence, wisdom, courage, loyalty, consideration and filialness.2) The reason why Confucianism was dominant was it conformed to needs of the ruling class. Itpresented a utopian world for both the ruling class and the common people.3) Confucianism stressed five constant virtues, namely benevolence (ren), righteousness (yi),propriety (li), wisdom (zhi) and fidelity (xin) as basic ethical codes.4) According to Confucianism, women had to obey absolutely their fathers when they were notmarried, to obey their husbands absolutely after in the wedlock and to obey absolutely their sons in their widowhood.5) Morality, proper speech, modest manner and diligent work were basic virtues women ought tohave.6) The five basic human relations refer to the relations between “father and son, monarch andofficials, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and friends”.7) The ten aspects of righteousness meant that “Father should be loving and son filial; the elderbrother should be good and the younger respectful; the husband should be righteous and wife obedient; the senior should be kind and the junior humble; the monarch should be benevolent and the officials loyal, which stressed the mutual rights and obligations of the ten parties”.8) Goodness means to show concern to every one. At the same time, assistance to other peopleshould be sincere. To the ruling party, Goodness means to treat the common people as human beings rather than with utter disregard for human life.9) There is no private property and all facilities are for public use. Every one is put in the rightplace so that they can do their best. Officials elected are noble and competent. Common people give full play to their abilities and make a valid contribution to society. In such a world, people show consideration for each other and every one lives a happy life. The young get a proper education; the elderly are well looked after; widowers, widows, orphans and the childless can be equally cared for. Society maintains stability and prosperity without theft, robbery or war. So far we can see that the benevolence Confucius refers to is actually fraternity. Heaven and earth are parents, all human beings are sisters and brothers. (original sentences from the text)10）“如果人类要在21世纪生存下去，必须回首2500年，去汲取孔子的智慧”一位诺贝尔奖获得者在1988年的巴黎会议上如是说。
中国文化概况短语翻译(中文版)
1.义勇军进行曲
2.京杭大运河
3.炎黄子孙
4.特别行政区
5.一国两制
6.罢黜百家，独尊儒术
7.佛经
8.三从四德
9.八仙过海，各显神通
10.《古兰经》
11.诸子散文
12.文学评论
13.婉约派
14.四大名著
15.诺贝尔文学奖
16.楷书
17.文房四宝
18.相声
19.皮影戏
20.弦乐器
21.小年
22.春节联欢晚会
23.七夕节
24.自治州
25.黄金周
26.八大菜系
27.老火靓汤
28.《舌尖上的中国》
29.乌龙茶
30.交杯酒
31.稻田装
32.丝绸之路
33.蜡染
34.中山装
35.订婚礼物
36.北京四合院
37.窑洞
38.蒙古包
39.石拱桥
40.碑亭
41.兵马俑
42.六和塔
43.中山陵
44.上海外滩
45.布达拉宫
46.世界文化和自然遗产
47.天坛
48.五岳
49.河西走廊
50.甲骨文。
中国传统文化词汇翻译解读
口译分类词汇——中国文化概述General Terms爱国主义精神patriotism诚实守信honesty公民道德建设实施纲要The Program for Improving Civic Morality集体主义collectivism弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlight the central theme of the times while encouraging diversity 全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育education in social and professional ethics and family virtues为人民服务serving the people深入群众，深入生活go deep among the masses and into the thick of life奉献无愧于时代的作品contribute to the people works worthy of the times中华文明博大精深，源远流长The Chinese civilization is extensive and profound , and has a long history重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts自立于世界民族之林stand proudly in the family of nations艺术及工艺Arts and Crafts版画engraving贝雕画shell carving picture彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palace lantern国画Chinese painting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhen porcelainenamel景泰蓝cloisonné蜡染batik卖秸画straw patchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving木刻画wood engraving泥人儿clay figure皮影shadow puppet漆画lacquer painting漆器lacquer ware双面绣two-sided embroidery水墨画Chinese brush drawing ; ink and wash painting檀香扇sandalwood fan唐三彩Tang tri-colored pottery陶器pottery ; earthenware图章seal拓碑making rubbings from inscriptions , pictures , etc . on stone tablets 拓片rubbing微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving宜兴陶Yixing pottery篆刻seal cutting戏剧表演Theatrical Performances京剧人物脸谱types of facial makeup in Beijing opera生male characters末middle-aged male characters净“painted face” characters旦female characters丑clown京剧票友amateur performer of Peking Opera木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man play皮影戏shadow play ; leather-silhouette show折子戏opera highlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumb show ; mime ; mummery ; pantomime单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitations ; ventriloquism说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt睬高跷stilt walk马戏circus performances神话人物Mythological Figures八仙the Eight Immortals嫦娥Chang’s ( the Chinese moon goddess)伏羲Fu Xi (God of Fishery and Husbandry)福禄寿三星the three gods of fortune , prosperity and longevity 共工God of Water后羿Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns ) 黄帝Yellow Emperor夸父Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant )女Goddess of Sky-patching盘古Pan Gu (creator of the universe )神农Patron of Agriculture禹Yu ( the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty )祝融God of Fire古代建筑Ancient Architecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazed stupa舍利塔dagoba ; sarira stupa ( a pagoda for Buddhist relics )舍利子sarira remains from cremation of Buddha’s of saints’ body喇叭塔Lamaist pagoda楼storied buildings钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower阁pavilion烽火台beacon tower华表ornamental column牌坊memorial archway传统节日Traditional Festivals拜年paying a New Year call爆竹firecracker鞭炮 a string of small firecrackers除夕New Year’s Eve春节Spring Festival春联Spring Festival couplets (conveying best wishes for the year )辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new ; ring out the old year and ring in the new大扫除year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddles登高hill climbing端午节Dragon Boat Festival恭喜发财May you be prosperous! / Wish you all the best !观灯viewing the lanterns贺年片New Year film饺子dumplings (with meat and vegetable stuffing )龙灯舞dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年画New Year picture年夜饭family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve清明节Tomb-sweeping Festival扫墓paying respect to the dead赏菊enjoying chrysanthemum赏月enjoying the full moon狮子舞lion dance压岁钱money given to children as a Lunar New Year gift秧歌舞yangge dance元宵sweet rice-flour dumplings (eaten on the Lantern Festival )元宵节Lantern Festival月饼moon cake植树节Tree-planting Day中秋节Mid-autumn Festival重阳节Double Ninth Festival粽子 a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves烹饪Culinary Arts美食节gourmet festival中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine色，香，味俱全perfect combination of color , aroma , taste and appearance四大菜系：山东菜，四川菜，粤菜，扬州菜four major Chinese cuisines: Shandong cuisine , Sichuan cuisine , Canton cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine南淡北咸，东甜西辣the light southern cuisine , and the salty northern cuisine ;the sweet eastern cuisine , and the spicy western cuisine八宝菜eight-treasure pickles ( assorted walnut meats , asparagus , lettuce , almonds , cucumber and peanuts , etc . pickled in soy sauce )八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding (glutinous rice steamed with preserved fruits , sweetened bean paste , lotus seeds , longan , etc.)白斩鸡tender boiled chicken (made by boiling a whole chicken in water and cutting into cubes , then dipping into seasonings )臭豆腐odd-odour bean curb粉蒸肉pork streamed with rice flour风味小吃local delicacy腐竹rolls of dried bean milk cream冷盘hors d’oeuvres萨其马Manchu candied fritter cut in squares刀切，火候Cutting and Slicing Techniques , Heat Control切片slicing切条cutting to strips切丝shredding切柳filleting切丁dicing切碎mincing磨碎grinding大/旺/武火strong heat中火medium heat小/微/文火gentle heat烹饪方法Cooking Techniques煎pan-frying炒stir-frying爆quick-frying炸deep-frying烩stewing熏smoking煨simmering煮boiling烘baking烤roasting蒸steaming红烧braising (with soy sauce )涮羊肉dip-boiled mutton slices羊肉串小摊mutton barbecue stall宗教Religions佛教Buddhism释迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhist temple大雄宝殿the Great Buddha’s Hall藏经楼depositary of Buddhist texts金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarian restaurant罗汉堂arhat hall观音Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara地藏God of Earth四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas四大天王Four Heavenly Kings因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnated soul boy喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest关帝庙temple of Lord Guan儒教Confucianism孔子庙Confucian temple孔子Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career .禅宗Zen Buddhism不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。
中国文化概论名词解释（InterpretationofChineseculture）
中国文化概论名词解释（Interpretation of Chinese culture）An explanation of the introduction to Chinese culture in 20112011-5-19 17:42 Sina Education [big and small] [I want error correction]1, broad sense culture: culture is the sum of material and spiritual existence that human beings created and lived together in the long historical development. Generalized culture is associated with human and human creation, is based on the concept of human centered; generalized culture is a historical concept, it covers the whole process of human history, is a comprehensive concept of inheritance and development; the extension of generalized culture covers material creation and creative spirit of all.2, the narrow sense of culture: the narrow sense of culture also called human culture, is a social collective (national or class) in the long history of the development of the accumulation of condensed natural heritage shared the humanistic spirit and the material manifestation of the overall system. The narrow sense of culture not only with the artificial center, but also to people's spiritual activities as the center, even if the world is to observe the materialization, the humanistic spirit as the core; is not the special cultural spiritual activities concerned, but by the accumulation of condensed historical heritage shared, system of humanistic spirit; special cultural concern not only is common to all mankind, but also pay more attention to the characteristics of different ethnic groups, and humanistic spirit.3, cultural products: broad sense of cultural products refers to all created by mankind, visible products to the society, including both material products and spiritual products. Refers to spiritual products of cultural products in the narrow sense, it is a product of the classics written or oral tradition became the language form of pure ideas.4, cultural connotation: we put some not belong to the narrow sense of culture in the human nature of things, called the cultural connotation of things.5, cultural phenomenon: refers to the development of human culture in the process of showing some kind of external state and connection.6, cultural phenomenon: when a phenomenon in the same form appears repeatedly, which has regularity, become a historical period, a national (regional or national) with typical signs and culture in the development of things, the phenomenon known as a cultural phenomenon. Cultural events are often the synthesis of ideas, ideas and their materialized forms. They have not only external features but also conceptual features. Cultural phenomena are the product of people's perception of phenomena and their rise to rational generalizations.7, the concept of culture: a period of a class or an industry group held on cultural issues in attitudes and perceptions, or performance in a cultural phenomenon in ideology, such as values, aesthetic values and so on, known as the cultural concept.8, culture: a cultural concept and related culture, at a certain time in a certain context, the widespread impact on society, for the majority of people agree with and has become a trend, called cultural trend.9, cultural policy: refers to certain times, certain social conditions, administrative institutions of cultural issues promulgated by the relevant provisions and Countermeasures principle.10, ethnic culture: different ethnic groups have their own culture is different from other ethnic groups, cultural differences and characteristics is one of the symbols of ethnic division. Because of the characteristics of historical conditions and cultural development of its structure, function and other aspects of the different cultures in the development, in this historical period or that, relatively speaking, more prosperous and developed, popular; there are prosperous and developed, the degree of popularity slightly less. However, each nation's culture will not lose its distinctive national characteristics. Regional features. As each ethnic culture is unique, as a value, they are all equal.11, country culture: country culture is the social basis of the country's division of culture, and the culture of multi-ethnic countries is the culture of the national community in a unified country. Country culture is based on a particular country's history and national conditions. China culture also known as Chinese culture, Chinese culture, Chinese culture, it belongs to the national culture.12, Chinese traditional culture: refers to the Chinese culture as the source, China's ethnic groups to create a common, long-term historical development of the accumulation of culture.13, the traditional culture: every nation, every national culture, is different according to different conditions, and the stability of the cultural tradition and continuity throughout the nation and the state of each historical stage of culture core spirit.14, the concept of the world: split and unity is the two major phenomenon in Chinese history, unity is always dominated by the pursuit of tendencies. From the Shang Dynasty in the beginning, has been in the distance, take a different political strategy on the people of the world; the Western Zhou Dynasty, "the world" concept has been very clear. After the dynasties of the wasteland, all the four ethnic groups in the remote "to" honor.An important function of the concept of "world" is to seek unity, and to pursue unity is always the keynote of political ideas, and also the basic tendency of history. We are the world's universal consciousness, is the concept of lasting power Chinese, expansion of the development of the Chinese nation, has played an important role.15, the Neolithic Age: about 10 thousand years ago, the human race into the Neolithic age. The most important features of the Neolithic age are the emergence of primitive agriculture, the manufacture and polishing of pottery, the widespread use of stone tools, the emergence of villages, and the formation ofclan systems.16, the three is the "China" is Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns legends of ancient times." San Juan "character extremely uncertain, but in common they are cultural inventor." The figure is "certainty equivalent. According to historical records. Wudi "records, the word line is Huang Di Zhuanxu, Gao Xin, Yao, shun. The study proved by archaeological excavations and human culture, the legend is not entirely after it reflects some kind of a gross fabrication, the truth of history.17, a hundred schools of thought contend: 1. schools of thought contend across the spring and autumn and Warring States period, but there are also changes before and after. Thinkers of the spring and Autumn period were more like scholars and teachers, who thought calmly, or recruited disciples. During the Warring States period and thinkers more like disputer, their ideological foundation in general in the spring and Autumn period by the creation of their predecessors, as is in dispute between school, defend and develop the school claims.Therefore, most of the earlier works are quotations about the ideas of teachers or founders, and later on they are mostly arguments. The selection and the interaction of 2. times and all classes of authors. Various schools are constantly adjusting and deepening their theory, and strive to adapt to the requirements of society. Schools and schools also constantly absorb and influence each other in contending with each other.18, the famous sentence: also known as masters, is the founderof the spring and Autumn period Zheng Guo Deng, representative of the Warring States period, Gongsun Long, Hui Shi, some theory of Mohist school later and Chuang-tzu, and the school also has a close relationship. Deng was designed to help people with non litigation, as is to is wrong, how to Gongsun Long and Hui Shi were to win, is the so-called "off white" and "different contract dispute, relates to the concept of things and the actual (i.e.," name "and" real ") relationship problem there is a strong speculative color. The theory of this school disappeared with the end of the Warring States period. With the input of modern western philosophy, people realized its value again.19, the western regions: narrow sense of western regions refers to the Xinjiang region, the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains, when the size of 36 countries, civilized standards are quite high. The broad western regions also include central Asia, India, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.20, the election system is a kind of bottom-up selection of official personnel system. There are many subjects, including literature, scholar, Xiaolian three good and able men promoted by selection is the most significant.21, Yongjia chaos: eight chaos, melee kings to the Wuhuan and Xianbei nobles in the river north and south, then become the Xiongnu Xianbei world. Shinnaga Kaji (308 years), the yuan in Shanxi aristocratic Liu Pingyang emperor, Han dynasty. Yongjia five years (311 years) Luoyang, Liu Yuan's army captured prisoners, the Jin Dynasty emperor, known as the "Yongjia rebellion".22, the six provinces for the Sui Dynasty in the central provinces of the implementation of six part. Three: Zhongshusheng (SUI said the history of the province), subglottic Province, Shangshu province. The Secretariat is responsible for drafting the edict, decision-making mechanism; Province under control for the sealing and refuting review mechanism, Shangshu province; responsible for the implementation of policies, administrative institutions; Shangshu province has six departments, namely the Ministry of personnel, Ministry (the Ministry of rites, Sui Chengmin), Hyobu, Xingbu, industry, the department chief said the book is. The chief executive of the three provinces discussed the State Administration and held the post of prime minister. It is not necessary, but not only necessary, but also very important in the eyes of the Yellow emperor.23, a whip: Wanli of the Ming Dynasty had to Zhang Juzheng presided over the tax reform, increase the national income, reduce the burden on the people, that is "a whip". That is to the two tax, land tax is the content. Labor and other miscellaneous taxes a synthesis of a multitude of names; according to the uniform field collection quantity, but also simplify the collection procedure.24, tandingrumu: a whip in the Qing Dynasty and then into "tandingrumu" - "Ding Ding" refers to silver, or poll tax, tandingrumu in Kangxi's fifty year population amount of silver as the standard, the small silver Tandao family accounted for field to levy taxes, the actual is the abolition of the poll tax. Since Kangxi's population born fifty years later does notpay taxes, to some extent, it also stimulated the growth of the population. The reform of tax system is beneficial to the development of economy. The social development of Ming and Qing Dynasty, especially after the middle of Qing Dynasty, is benefit from the reform of Kangxi and Yong Zheng. But whether it is a whip or tandingrumu, is nothing but the continuation of the two tax law,The purpose is just increase government revenue in the State Revenue increasingly exhausted, yet the connotation of political ideas from the physiocratism category25, the school of Qianjia Dynasty: tell people not just empty talks, also should be learned to use, so the textual criticism gradually flourished, scholars of traditional Confucian literature textual research, collation, compilation, identification and annotation work, organize a large number of literature, this work in Qianlong and Jiaqing special flourishing, so called Qian Jia school.。
中国文化概论课文翻译
中国文化概论课文翻译所谓唐型文化，是一种相对开放、外倾、色调热烈的文化类型，李白的诗、张旭的狂草、吴道子的画，无不喷涌奔腾着昂扬的生命活力。
昭陵古雕中雄壮健伟．神采飞扬的“八骏”，透露出大气盘旋的民族自信。
而宋型文化则是一种相对封闭．内倾．色调淡雅的文化类型。
这一时期的各种文化样式无论是哲学、文学、艺术还是社会风习，都在不同程度上浸润着宋型文化的特有风貌。
宋代文化最重要的标志乃是理学的建构。
两宋理学，不仅将纲常伦理确立为万事万物之所当然和所以然，亦即“天理”，而且高度强调人们对“天理”的自觉意识．为指明自觉认识天理的途径，朱熹精心改造了汉儒编篡的《大学》，突出了“正心、诚意”的“修身”公式。
从“格物”到“致知”，实质上将外在的规范转化为内在的主动欲求，亦即伦理学上的“自律”，有了这一自律，方有诚意—正心—修身乃至齐家、治国、明德于天下的功业。
理学是中国后期封建社会最为精致、最为完备的理论体系，其影响至深至巨。
由于理学家将“天理”、“人欲”对立起来，进而以天理遏制人欲，带有自我色彩的情感欲求受到强大的约束。
理学专求“内圣”的经世路线以及“尚礼仪不尚权谋”的致思趋向，则将传统儒学的先义后利发展成为片面的重义轻利观念。
但与此同时，理学强调通过道德自觉达到理想人格的建树，也强化了中华民族注重气节和德操，注重社会责任和历史使命的文化性格．顾炎武的“天下兴亡、匹夫有责”；文天祥、东林党人在异族强权或腐朽政治势力面前的正气浩然，风骨铮铮，无不浸润了理学的精神价值和理想。
与理学着意于知性反省、造微于心性之际的趋向相一致，两宋的士大夫文化也表现出精致、内趋的性格。
词起源于市井歌谣，因文人介入而趋于雅化。
与含义阔大、形象众生的诗不同，词小而狭，巧而新。
它侧重音律和语言的契合，造境摇曳空灵，取径幽约怨悱，寄托要眇怅惆，极为细腻，极为精致。
尽管宋代词坛还有别一番风貌的歌唱，这就是由苏轼开创的、以辛弃疾为代表人物的豪放词风，但词坛的主流始终是“婉约”、“阴柔”，集中反映出两宋文人士大夫与唐人大不相同的心境和意绪。
中国文化概论句子翻译
Unit 11.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of four seasons and the growth of all living things.2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.3.天地之大德曰生The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating.4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
大学中国文化概要中文版翻译unit1
大学中国文化概要中文版翻译unit1 中国龙对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。
中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese DragonDragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8, 000 year. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or long) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese，the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.饺子饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。
相处为古代医圣张仲景发明。
饺子的制作是包括: 1) 擀皮、2)备馅、3)包馅水煮三个步骤。
其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。
民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。
中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲，“更岁饺子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
DumplingsDumplings are one of the Chinese people' s favorite traditional dishes.According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint- zhang zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2) prepare the dumpling stuffing: 3) make dumplings andboil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing， delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There" s an old saying “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings. ”During the Sprand other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese pechigh reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to ushering in the new year.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit 1
1.天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？
Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of four seasons and the growth of all living things.
2.生生之谓易。
Continuous creation of life is change.
3.天地之大德曰生
The great virtue of Heaven and Earth is creating.
4.获罪于天，无所祷也。
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray.
5.仁者，人也，亲亲为大。
The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.
6.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.
7.父母之年，不可不知也。
一则以喜，一则以惧。
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.
8.己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。
While fulfilling one’s own desires, allow others to fulfill theirs.
9.己所不欲，勿施于人。
Do not do towards others anything you would not want to be done to you.
10.子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。
A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.
11.礼之用，和为贵。
The role of li is to maintain harmony among people.
12.知之者不如好知者，好知者不如乐知者。
Simply knowing the highest standard of virtue(i.e.,love of people) is not as good as setting it as one’s goal. Setting is as one’s goal is not as good as enjoying practicing of it.
Unit 2
1.顺应自然Follow the way of nature.
2.无为而无不为Act through non-action.
3.大巧若拙Great ingenuity appears to be stupidity.
4.以柔弱胜刚强Overcome the strong by being weak.
5.兼爱Love for all.
6.上善若水The greatest virtue is like water.
7.人往高处走，水往低处流。
Humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.
8.无欲则刚
One is invincible because he desires nothing and contends for nothing.
9.返璞归真Return to the state of a newborn baby.
Unit 3
1.先计而后战
Planning before going to war.
2.百战不殆
One can fight and win a hundred wars if one knows both oneself and the enemy.
3.兵以诈立
The army survives by treachery.
4.利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之。
Tempt the enemy with gains, attack the enemy when they are in disorder, be prepared for the enemy when they are equal in strength, avoid the enemy when they are stronger, (further) aggravate the enemy when they are angry, cause the enemy to become arrogant when they are prudent, tire the enemy when they are at rest, sow discord among the enemy when they are united.
5.攻其不备，出其不意。
Attack the enemy at an unexpected time and place.
6.不战而屈人之兵。
Winning a war without fighting it.
7.乱生于治，怯生于勇，弱生于强。
Chaos compares with order, cowardice with bravery, and weakness with strength.
8.兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道。
The use of force is a matter of life or death for the soldiers, the people and the country.
Unit 5
1.天以阳生万物，以阴成万物。
Heaven creates life through yang and nurtures life through yin.
2.生之性便是仁
The nature of life is love.
3.亲亲而仁民，仁民而爱物。
(One should) love one’s family, love the people, and love all things in the world.
4.民吾同胞，物吾与也。
All people in the world are my brothers and all beings in the world are my campanions.
5.仁者以天地万物为一体。
Those with love regard themselves as the same as other licing things in the world.
6.我图娱悦，彼在囚牢，何情何理，而必屈物之性以适吾性乎。
It is unreasonable to keep them in a cage just to please myself, to oppress their nature to suit my nature.
7.万物之生意最可观。
Life and its state of being is most worthy of appreciation.。