初中英语句子成分及五大基本句型

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数词
基数词：one, two, three..... 序数词：first, second, third
I have one book.
定语
She is the first in the class.
表语
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句子成分
和
基本句型
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She feels happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
He went mad.
10、To our joy, they arrived safe. 状语
•I heard my name called.
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状语
• 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词
，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当 ，也可由从句来充当．
He did it carefully.
He studied very hard.
表语
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副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的词，
以说明动作性质或状态。
We should get up early in the morning.
The movie is very interesting.
Tom often goes to school by bike.
状语
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them，everything
主，宾，表
good，interesting
定，表
almost ，bravely
状
nine， first
定，表
and ，but，because, that, 不做成分
while
near， from, in, on, at
不做成分
a， an， the
不作成分
hello ，oh, well
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(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. A beautiful girl is running to us. 5. The boy in the clssroom is crying.
2、The teacher got very angry. 表语
3、The boy told me his story. 间语+直宾 4、We elected him our monitor. 宾语+宾补 5、The sun keeps us warm. 宾语+宾补 6、I told him to open the window. 宾语+宾补
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(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
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(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ② He asked her to study hard. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
7、We watched the train leaving the
station. 宾语+宾补
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8. I think it difficult to finish the work
this morning. 宾语+宾补
主语
9. There seems little hopes of success.
Seeing is believing.
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宾语
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．
She plays the piano.
He often helps me.
I like watching TV.
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三、同位语：
同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位 置时，一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子 成分，这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学 生’） Li Lei, my brother, came to see me today. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语）
词类（parts of speech）
• 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词，根据 词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的 分类叫词类(parts of speech)。
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英语词类
• 十大词类
实词（6）：名词 动词 代词 形容词
副词 数词
词 连词 感叹词
虚词（4）：冠词 介
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6
系动词 The food smells good. The girl is beautiful. The apple looks red. The leaves become yellow.
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代词：代替名词的词
We are students of class 16.
主语
Tom gives me an apple.
不作成分
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名词：表示某类人，事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称
• 在句子中作主语，宾语或表语 • The bags are on the desk.
主语
• I like apples.
宾语
• This is a gook book.
表语
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动词：表示动作或状态的词汇
实义动词 系动词
及物动词 不及物动词
词类 1. 名词 2. 动词 3. 代词 4. 形容词 5. 副词 6. 数词 7. 连词
缩写 n. v. pron. adj adv. num. conj.
8. 介词
prep.
9. 冠词
art.
10. 感叹词 interj.
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例词
用法
John， room
主，宾，表
stand ，be
谓
She likes to go to shop this afternoon.
18I／9t／h15ink that he is good boy. 19
宾语补足语
• 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思 ．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．
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(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 -- The old man was feeling very tired. -- The leaves have turned yellow. -- He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior middle school student.
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⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
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句子成份练习
1、You should study hard. 状语
I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.
He is writing with a pen.
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
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定语
动名词，分词 ，从句都可以充当定语．
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• １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全 句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，
代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当 ．它的位置一般在句首．
The girl is pretty.
Reading is useful.
To see is to believe.
They are good friends.
must, can, could, shall, should...... 5
实义动词
及物动词 He is reading a book. Mr. Green teaches us English.
不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. He works hard.
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一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
宾语
Who is there? -- It is me.
表语
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形容词：表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词
This is a red apple.
定语
She told us something interesting.
后置定语
The sun was hot yesterday.
表语
Lucy is tall in her class.
read teach like
rise work go
be动词：am/is/are was/were 感官动词：feel ,smell, taste, look,sound 变化动词：become, get, turn,grow
助动词 情态动词 18／9／15
be,do, does,did, have, has, had
• The black bike is mine.
• What’s your name?
• I have 5 books.
•A sleeping boy is sleeping.
• They made paper flowers.
• The boy in the room is Jack.
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一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How beautiful the girl is !
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句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种， 即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补 语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语 （subject）、谓语（predicate）、表 语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 、 补语（complement）、同位语。
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
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谓语：
• 谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态 或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词 短语构成．
They are teachers.
She looks well.
He studies hard.
He laughed at his classmates.
He can speak English.