LaTeX 表格的处理

LaTeX 表格的处理
LaTeX 表格处理概述
一般三线表的处理
带表格注释的三线表
固定列宽和自动伸缩列宽
固定列宽与对齐方式
自动伸缩列宽
跨页表格
表格旋转和后置
表格旋转
表格后置
辅助转换工具
LaTeX 表格处理概述
与 word 不同，LaTeX 通过一定的语法规则将表格写成纯文本形式。

基本规则包括：表格从上到下，每一行从左到右，单元格内容使用&分隔，用\\换行。

最基本的表格环境是tabular环境。

下面是一个简单的表格代码和实际效果：
\begin{tabular}[t]{l|c}
\hline
姓名 & 年龄 \\
\hline
张三 & 32 \\
李四 & 12 \\
王五 & 24 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
一般三线表的处理
学术论文普遍使用三线表。

三线表的特点主要是：整个表格通常只有三条横线，首尾两条横线较粗，中间一条较细，一般不使用竖线。

LaTeX 处理三线表相当简单方便。

用到的宏包主要是booktabs。

下面是普通三线表的代码和效果：
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{\label{tab:test}示例表格}
\begin{tabular}{lcl}
\toprule
姓名 & 年龄 & 地址\\
\midrule
张三 & 32 & 中华人民共和国\\
李四 & 12 & 中华人民共和国\\
王五 & 24 & 中华人民共和国\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
带表格注释的三线表
三线表有时候还需要加上注释以便给出表格的资料来源等信息。

解决这一问题可以使用下面三个办法之一：
∙使用ctable宏包。

该宏包用法简单，下面是典型代码和效果：
\ctable[%
caption=The Skewing Angles,
label=tab:nowidth,
]{lcc}
{\tnote{for the abstraction reaction,
$Mu+HX \rightarrow MuH+X$.}
\tnote[b]{1 degree${} = \pi/180$ radians.}
\tnote[c]{this is a particularly long note, showing that footnotes are set in raggedright mode as we don't like hyphenation in table footnotes.}
}
{\FL & $H(Mu)+F_2$ & $H(Mu)+Cl_2$ \ML
$\beta$(H) & $80.9$\tmark[b] & $83.2$ \NN
$\beta$(Mu) & $86.7$ & $87.7$ \LL
}
∙使用threeparttable宏包。

下面是典型代码和效果：
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering\small
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{\label{tab:results}Effect of Trade Openness on
Environment (Air Pollution)}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}
\toprule
& NO$_2$ & SO$_2$ & PM \\
\midrule
$\ln(y/pop)$ & 408.74* & 287.25* & 566.65 \\
& (121.79) & (118.81) & (336.19) \\
$\ln(y/pop)^2$ & $-$22.85* & $-$16.58* & $-$35.57** \\
& (6.90) & (6.78) & (19.06) \\
$(X+M)/Y$ & $-$.29** & $-$.31* & $-$.37 \\
& (.17) & (.08) & (.34) \\
$Polity$ & $-$3.20* & $-$6.58* & $-$6.70** \\
& (1.47) & (2.05) & (3.42) \\
$\ln(LandArea/pop)$ & $-$5.94 & $-$2.92* & $-$13.02* \\ & (5.93) & (1.39) & (6.29) \\
Obs. & 36 & 41 & 38 \\
$R^2$ & 0.16 & 0.68 & 0.62 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\small
Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses. Intercept
included but not reported.
\begin{tablenotes}
\item[*] significant at 5\% level
\item[**] significant at 10\% level
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
固定列宽和自动伸缩列宽
有时三线表需要固定某列的列宽，或者指定整个表格的总宽度，指定某几列自动伸缩。

固定列宽与对齐方式
固定列宽可以使用array宏包的p{2cm}系列命令，如果需要指定水平对齐方式，可以使用下面的形式>{\centering}p{2cm}实现，但如果使用这种方式，缺省情况下不能使用\\换行，需要使用\tabularnewline代替。

为了仍然使用\\换行，需要在导言区加上下面的代码：
\usepackage{array}
\newcommand{\PreserveBackslash}[1]{\let\temp=\\#1\let\\=\temp}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\PreserveBackslash\centering}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{>{\PreserveBackslash\raggedleft}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\PreserveBackslash\raggedright}p{#1}}
使用C{3cm}命令即可指定该列宽度为 3cm，并且文字居中对齐，左对齐和右对齐命令分别是L{2cm}和R{2cm}。

下面是一个的例子：
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering\caption{\label{tab:test}2000 和~2004 年中国制造业产品的出口份额}
\begin{tabular}{l*{2}{R{2cm}}}
\toprule
& 2000 & 2004 \\
\midrule
钢铁 & 3.1 & 5.2 \\
化学制品 & 2.1 & 2.7 \\
办公设备及电信设备 & 4.5 & 15.2 \\
汽车产品 & 0.3 & 0.7 \\
纺织品 & 10.4 & 17.2 \\
服装 & 18.3 & 24\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
自动伸缩列宽
使用tabularx宏包可以实现自动伸缩列宽。

下面是一个简单的例子。

与普通的tabular环境不同之处在于：（1）需要指定整个表格的总宽度；（2）需要用X 指定至少一列为自动伸缩列。

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering\caption{\label{tab:test}2000 和~2004 年中国制造业产品的出口份额}
\begin{tabularx}{10cm}{Xrr}
\toprule
& 2000 & 2004 \\
\midrule
钢铁 & 3.1 & 5.2 \\
化学制品 & 2.1 & 2.7 \\
办公设备及电信设备 & 4.5 & 15.2 \\
汽车产品 & 0.3 & 0.7 \\
纺织品 & 10.4 & 17.2 \\
服装 & 18.3 & 24\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
跨页表格
普通的表格不能跨页。

如果需要跨页表格，需要使用longtable或supertabular等宏包。

此处以longtable为主介绍。

下面是一个例子。

\begin{longtable}{p{1.2cm}p{8cm}p{5cm}}
\caption{\label{tab:test}WTO 英语缩写}\\
\toprule
缩写 & 原\hspace{1em}文 & 解\hspace{1em}释\\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
{\bf 续表~\ref{tab:test}}\\
\toprule
缩写 & 原\hspace{1em}文 & 解\hspace{1em}释\\
\midrule
\endhead
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
WTO & World Trade Organization & 世界贸易组织\\
TRIMs & Trade-Related Investment Measures & 与贸易有关的投资措施\\
TPR & Trade Policy Review & 贸易政策审议\\
....
\end{longtable}
表格旋转和后置
表格旋转
如果表格过宽，可以将表格旋转 90 度横放。

使用rotating宏包即可实现此功能。

与普通表格的不同之处是：需要将table环境替换成sidewaystable环境。

表格后置
使用endfloat宏包可以将文章中的所有图表置于文章末尾，以满足某些杂志的排版要求。

辅助转换工具
calc2latex 或 excel2latex 可以将电子表格文件数据转换为 latex 表格。

dat2latex.pl 这是 perl 脚本，可将 gnuplot 的文本数据文件转换为latex 表格。

点击此处下载。

11月13日
latex中的距离
固定长度
cm 厘米
mm 毫米
in 英寸(1in = 2.54cm)
pt 点(1in = 72.27pt)
bp 大点(1in = 72bp)
pc pica (1pc = 12pt) 十二点活字
dd didot (1157dd = 1238pt) 迪多点制
cc cicero (1cc = 12dd) 西塞罗
em 字体相关尺寸，相当于大写字母M的宽度
ex 字体相关尺寸，相当于字母x的高度
要想给长度赋值，用命令\setlength{长度命令}{已定义的长度}
E.G. \setlength{\textwidth}{12.5cm}
橡皮长度
有些命令的参数是橡皮长度，一个橡皮长度的基本命令是：
正常值plus 伸展值minus 收缩值 e.g. \setlength{\parskip}{1ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex} \fill：正常长度为零，但可以伸展到任意长度。

有用的距离
\mathindent: 公式缩进
\columnsep: 两列之间的间距
\columnseprule: 两列间竖线的宽度
\parskip: 两个段落之间的距离。

以ex为单位，橡皮长度
\parindent: 段落第一行的缩进
\baselinestretch: 度量两条基线之间的正常间距的数值。

初始化值为1，
用\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{因子}修改
\baselineskip: 行间距，字体尺寸* \baselinestretch
页面样式的距离:
\headheight: 页眉高度
\headsep: 页眉基线到正文顶部的距离
\topskip: 正文顶部到正文第一行的距离
\textwidth: 文本行宽度
\textheight: 文本高度
\footskip: 正文底部到页脚底部的距离
\paperwidth, \paperheight
广义列表中的距离
\topsep
\partopsep
\parsep
\itemsep
表格中的距离
\tabcolsep tabular和tabular*中两列间距的一半
\arraycolsep array中列间距的一半
\arrayrulewidth 表格中水平线和竖直线的粗细
\doublerulesep 双直线时两线之间的距离
\arraystretch 表格中的行间距
图形中距离
\unitlength 单位长度
任意的间距
\hspace{} \hfill
\vspace{} \vfill
\quad \qquad: 当前字体的尺寸
\dotfill & \hrulefill
\\[距离]
长度命令
\setlength{\长度命令}{长度指定}
\addtolength{\长度命令}{长度指定}
\settowidth{\长度命令}{文本}
\settoheight{\长度命令}{文本}
\settodepth{\长度命令}{文本}
\newlength{\新长度命令}
最近在网上找到不错的latex技巧。

LaTeX的一些代码样式2007年01月12日星期五 17:36把自己总结的用了很久的一些LaTeX的代码样式发上来，这些样式平时用得很多。

对我来说非常珍贵呀。

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%一些最基本的环境%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%居中环境
\begin{center}
\end{center}
%左对齐环境
\begin{flushleft}
\end{flushleft}
%右对齐环境
\begin{flushright}
\end{flushright} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%小页环境（可嵌入上面那三种环境中形成组合）
\begin{minipage}{**cm}
\end{minipage}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%列举样式%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% itemize 列举样式1：····
\begin{itemize}
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\end{itemize} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% itemize 列举样式2：* * * *
\begin{itemize}
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item[*]
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item[**]
\end{itemize} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% itemize 列举样式3：任意符号
\begin{itemize}
\renewcommand\labelitemi{}%这里面写符号
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\end{itemize} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% itemize 列举样式4：彩色符号
\begin{itemize}
\setlength\baselineskip{12pt} %用这个命令来调整间距应该比较具有通用性 \item[\textcolor{black}{$\spadesuit$}] 文字。

\item[\textcolor{red}{$\heartsuit$}] 文字。

\item[\textcolor{black}{$\clubsuit$}] 文字。

\item[\textcolor{red}{$\diamondsuit$}] 文字。

\end{itemize}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% enumerate 列举样式1：1. 2. 3. 4.
\begin{enumerate}
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\end{enumerate}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% enumerate 列举样式2：（1）（2）（3）（4）
\begin{enumerate}
\renewcommand\labelenumi{ \theenumi }%就在前面那个括号的空格处加符号%\setlength\itemindent{}%这个会使列举的左移或右移指定的距离
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\vspace{-2.8mm}\item
\end{enumerate}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形插入样式%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式1：定点
%图形排版时名称一般都在下方
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=6cm]{*.eps}%就在前面括号中写图片名
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{}
\label{}
\end{center}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式2：浮动
%图形排版时名称一般都在下方
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=6cm]{*.eps}%就在前面括号中写图片名
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{}
\label{}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式3：两个图片并列，统一取名
%图形排版时名称一般都在下方
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
\centering\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=3cm]{*.eps}%就在前面括号中写图片名\end{minipage}%
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
\centering\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=3cm]{*.eps}%就在前面括号中写图片名\end{minipage}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{}
\label{}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式4：两个图片并列，分别取名
%图形排版时名称一般都在下方
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
\centering\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=3cm]{}%就在前面括号中写图片名
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{ }
\label{}
\end{minipage}%
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.5\textwidth}
\centering\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=3cm]{}%就在前面括号中写图片名
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{ }
\label{}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式5：两个图片作为子图并列，分别取名。

四个可形成图形阵列。

在下方有一个总名称
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfigure[子标题]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{*.eps}}
%\mbox{\hspace{0.5cm}}
\subfigure[子标题]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{*.eps}}
\\
\subfigure[子标题]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{*.eps}}
%\mbox{\hspace{0.5cm}}
\subfigure[子标题]{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{*.eps}}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{总标题}
\label{}
\end{figure}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式6：图片在盒子中
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\fbox{\includegraphics[width=10cm,height=6cm]{*.eps}}%就在前面括号中写图片名
\renewcommand{\figurename}{图}
\caption{}
\label{}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%图形排版样式7：图文混排，段落插入图片用picins宏包和\parpic命令%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\parpic{%
\includegraphics[width=3.0cm]%
{*.eps}}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 表格样式%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 基本表格样式
% 在下面那个括号中，用|表示画竖线，而l表示单元格中的内容在单元格中左对齐，% c表示单元格中的内容在单元格中中对齐，r表示单元格中的内容在单元格中右对齐。

% 如|c|c|c|就表示画一个3列有竖线的表，当然|也可略，就不画竖线出来；
% 用\hline画横线，一般是表的一行内容输入完并强制换行(\\)后，在后面写
% \hline，然后后面再写下一行内容。

当然\hline也可略，就不画横线出来；
% 下面这个表格是一个3行3列的表格
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
*** & *** & ***\\
\hline
*** & *** & ***\\
\hline
*** & *** & ***\\
\end{tabular}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 下面这种形式可以指定表格的宽度。

在下面那个括号中写上0.5\textwidth
% 就可得到一个半张纸宽的一个表格；
% 写上\textwidth就可得到一个整张纸宽的一个表格。

\begin{tabular*}{***}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
*** & *** & ***\\
\hline
*** & *** & ***\\
\hline
*** & *** & ***\\
\end{tabular*}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 表格样式1：标题在图表上方，去掉了冒号
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
%\makeatletter\def\@captype{table}\makeatother
\renewcommand{\tablename}{表}
\caption{}
\label{}
\begin{tabular}{}
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%表格样式2：用tabularx宏包
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{350pt}{|c|X|c|X|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Multicolumn entry!}& THREE& FOUR\\
\hline
one&
\raggedright\arraybackslash\setlength\baselineskip{12pt}
The width of this column depends on the width of the table.& three&
\raggedright\arraybackslash\setlength\baselineskip{12pt}
Column four will act in the same way as column two, with the same width. \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%表格样式3：高级表格控制
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\scriptsize
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\caption{Quasi-normal frequencies for the scalar perturbation in
the stationary Schwarzschild background. \label{tab:1}}
\begin{tabularx}{380pt}{*{5}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X|}>{\centering\arrayb ackslash}X}
\hline &&\multicolumn{2}{c|}
{\textbf{Exact solution}}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Numerical solution}} \\ \hline
$\sqrt{M}$&$m$&$\omega_R$&$\omega_I$&$\omega_R$&$\omega_I$ \\
\hline
0.2&1&1&-0.4&1.002&-0.400 \\
0.4&1&1&-0.8&0.965&-0.799 \\
0.4&2&2&-0.8&2.003&-0.800 \\
0.4&3&3&-0.8&3.004&-0.800 \\
0.4&4&4&-0.8&4.005&-0.800 \\
0.5&2&2&-1&1.999&-1.000 \\
0.5&3&3&-1&2.993&-1.000 \\
0.5&4&4&-1&4.007&-1.000 \\
1&4&4&-2&4.004&-2.001 \\
2&10&10&-4&10.014&-4.001 \\
3&10&10&-6&10.028&-6.011 \\
4&10&10&-8&9.973&-7.983 \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}
\end{table}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %公式样式
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %摘引环境1：段摘引
\begin{verbatim}
\end{verbatim}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %摘引环境2：行内摘引
\verb|*********|
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %程序清单样式
\lstset{language=matlab}
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=trBL]{}
clf;
k=-80:80;
a(k~=0)=sin(pi*k(k~=0)/2)./(k(k~=0)*pi);
a(k==0)=0.5;
stem(k,a);
t=-3:0.01:3
\end{lstlisting}
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % 参考文献样式%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \small
\renewcommand\refname{\hei 参考文献}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt} %段落之间的竖直距离
\bibitem{tang}
\bibitem{liu}
\end{thebibliography} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 参考文献结束%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%。