人教版高二英语必修六语法点の虚拟语气

人教版高二英语必修六语法点の虚拟语气

人教版高二英语必修六语法点の虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。

一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断

1、可以把条件句分为两类：

1).真实条件句：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如：

(1)、If I have time, I will help you with this work.

如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。

(2)、If time permits, we’ll go fishing together. (如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）

2).虚拟条件句：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如：

⑴、If I were you, I would have attended the meeting.

如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。

⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.

假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。

(3)、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.

（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）

2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断

判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。

判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。

③与将来事实可能相反。

3、“后退一步法”

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：

①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。

例：

(1) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如：

If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.

我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。

If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.

如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。

(2) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。如：

If he were free, he would help us.

要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。

If he studied at this school, he would know you well.

如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。

(3) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。如：

If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.

如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.

如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。

例题分析：

1、—If he __________，he __________ that food.

—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned，would not take

C. would be warned，had not taken

此题应选B。该题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用would(should，could，might)+have+过去分词。B. had been warned，would not have taken D. would have been warned，had not taken

2、If he was here，he __________ us how to do it.

A. told

此题应选B。该题考查与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：此时条件从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语则要用would (should，could，might)+动词原形。

3、If we __________ 200 years old，we __________ everything.

A. were to be，could change

C. were，would have changed

此题应选A。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，此时的主句谓语通常用would(should，could，might)＋动词原形

1. If she had worked harder，she __________.

A. would succeed

C. should succeed B. had succeeded

D. would have succeeded B. had been，changed D. should be，changed B. would tell C. had told D. have told

2. If my lawyer ________ here last Saturday，he _________ me from going.

A. had been; would have prevented

B. had been; would prevent

C. were; would

D. were; would have prevented

3. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________，she would have met my brother.

A. has come

B. did come

C. came

D. had come

4. You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ in turn，you__________ so tired.