代词与数词

代词与数词

代词

代词的分类

人称代词主格we I he she it they you

宾格us me him her it them you

物主代词形容词性our my his her its their your 名词性ours mine his hers its theirs yours

指示代词This，that，those，such，same

相互代词Each other，one another

反身代词Oneself，himself，themselves，yourself，yourselves，herself，itself，myself 不定代词One，any，everyone，everything，anybody，anything，anyone，something，Somebody，all，both，each，either，neither，none，few，little，a few，

A little，many，much

疑问、关系代词Who，what，which，whose，whom

1.物主代词

形容词性物主代词作名词或动名词的定语。还可与own连用，表示强调。

名词性物主代词作主语、宾语、表语。还可与of连用，构成双重所有格，如

a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which+名词+of+名词性

物主代词。

2.指示代词

指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。另外，thi s和that在口语中也可以作为副词，作状语，相当于so，意为“如此，那么”如：Paul,the MP4 is very expensive.Can you afford this much?保罗，这个MP4很贵。你付得起这么多钱吗？It isn't all that cold.Y ou don't need to bring too many clothes.天还没冷到那种程度。你不必带太多衣服。

This（these）一般用来指后面要讲到的事物；that（those）常指前面讲过的事物。如：Listen to this:a girl has died of bird flu.听听这件事：一个女孩的禽流感病死了。He didn't come.That is why he didn't know.他没来，那就是为什么他不知道的原因。

Such与不定代词连用，其结构是：such+a/an+单数名词；such与不定代词连用，其结构是：one/no/any/few/every/some/many/all+名词。如：Early in my life,I learned the truth of the old saying---there's no such thing as a free lunch.俗话说，世上没有免费的午餐。很早我就懂的这句话的意思了。Such is sure to be turned down.任何这类要求肯定会被拒绝。

3.反身代词

反身代词在剧中可用作宾语、表语和同位语。如：We all introduced ourselves before the meeting started.会议开始前我们都做了自我介绍。Bob is not quite himself today.(be oneself 处于正常h 状态，显得自然)鲍勃今天感到不适。

反身代词用在一些固定习语中。如：（1）与介词连用The computer can shut off of itself.电脑会自动关机。He is not bad in himself,but he's so weak-minded.他本质不坏，只是很优柔寡断。One would rather have a bedroom to oneself.人人都愿意有自己的卧室。He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed exam.（因……而失去自制力）当他听说自己通过了考试时，他欣喜若狂。Y ou can't go home by yourself in the dark.天黑以后你不能独自回家。Y ou can try it out for yourself.你们自己可以试一试。（2）与动词连用accustom oneself to sth. 习惯某

事，适应某事；amuse oneself自我娱乐；apply oneself to sth/doing 专心做某事behave oneself 表现良好；devote oneself to sth 献身于某事；dress oneself给某人自己穿衣服；help oneself to sth擅自拿取；seat oneself（使自己）就座

4.疑问代词

（1）what与which的区别What sport do you like best?你最喜欢什么运动？（不限制范围）I'll have to get to Boston by 12 a.m. Which way is quicker ,by bus or by train?我12点之前必须赶到波士顿。怎么去比较快，坐公共汽车还是坐火车？（限制范围）（2）whatever，whichever，whoever的用法whatever，whichever，whoever分别为what，which，who的强调式，相当于what/which/who on earth(in the world),意为“到底（究竟）什么/哪一个/谁”，用于表示惊讶和困惑。如：Whatever do you mean by saying that at today's meeting?你在今天的会议上那么说究竟是什么意思？Whoever told you that I had changed my phone number?到底是谁

告诉你我已经换了电话号码？

5.不定代词的用法

（1）both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法比较

都任何都不

两者both either neither

三者或三者以上all any none

-----What shall we meet again? 咱们什么时候可以再见面？

----Make it any day you like ;it's all the same to me.你喜欢哪天就哪天，对我来说，哪天都一样。----Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?周一周二你哪天能来？

----I'm afraid neither day is possible. 我恐怕哪天都不能来。

（2）none，nothing，nobody（no one）的用法比较

None既可以指人也可以指物，表特指概念（=not any of……），常回答how many，how much引导的疑问句；nothing只能指物，且表示泛指概念（=not anything），常回答what引导的疑问句；no one只能指人，且表示泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑问句

-----How many people are there in the room?------None.

-----Who is in the room?----No one.

None后面可跟of短语，而no one /nothing 以及

someone/anyone/everyone/something/anything/everything后面却不能跟of短语。如：As we were asleep,none of us heard the sound.因为我们睡着了，所以没人听到那声音。

（3）every，each的用法比较

Each强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的一个”；every强调“全体”，只能作定语，指“三个或三个以上”。如：Each of my children goes to a different school.我们每个孩子各自在不同的学校上学。Every student has to take the examination.=All students have to take the examination.每个学生都必须参加考试。

Each作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的形式，不可以not each表示部分否定；every可构成短语表示“每隔，每逢，每……”，不可用each。如：We each have strong points as well as weak points,whether we are successful or not. When we lived in London,they would visit us every two weeks/every second week/every other week.

（4）全部否定和部分否定

表全部否定的不定代词的用法表部分否定的不定代词的用法

No one ，none，nobody，nothing，not……any，no+名词Not与all，both，everyone，everybody，everything 等连用，无论not在句首还是在句中；not与总结性副词如everywhere，always，wholly，altogether连用