Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today (澳大利亚现行的宗教信仰)
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)教材的配套题库(第十九章 澳大利亚(Ⅰ) 国土和人民Land
第十九章澳大利亚(Ⅰ)国土和人民Land and PeopleI.Multiple choices1.In the north of the Australian continent are_____.A.tropical rainforestsB.plateau landscapes occupied by snowfieldsC.deserts or semi desertsD.hills and fertile plains【答案】A【解析】澳大利亚的北部为热带雨林。
选项A正确。
2.The first group of English were brought in Australia as_____in1788by the First Fleet.A.slavesB.workersC.convictsD.refugees【答案】C【解析】第一批英国罪犯在1788年乘坐第一舰队来到澳大利亚。
选项C正确。
3.Which is the oldest religion in Australia?A.ChristianityB.ProtestantismC.CatholicismD.the Dreaming【答案】D【解析】“梦创信仰”是澳大利亚这片土地上最古老的宗教。
选项D正确。
4.The following animals are unique to the Australian continent except_____.A.platypusB.kangarooC.sealD.koala【答案】C【解析】澳大利亚特有的动物包括：鸭嘴兽、袋鼠、树袋熊和毛鼻袋鼠，海豹不属于其特有动物。
选项C正确。
5.Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the_____century.A.15thB.16thC.17thD.18th【答案】C【解析】直到17世纪，澳大利亚才被西方人所知。
北语 18春《英语国家概况(I)》
18春《英语国家概况（I）》作业_1一、单选题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.Who were the first inhabitants of the Australian continent?A. British settlersB. Aboriginal peopleC. European migrants答案：B2.______is not considered a characteristic of London.A. The cultural centreB. The business centreC. The financial centreD. The sports centre答案：D3.Which of the following is NOT a neighbouring country of Australia?A. IndonesiaB. Papua New GuineaC. Thailand答案：C4._____ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.A. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans答案：A5.Australia’s most common native plants are（）.A. palms and rosesB. willows and sunflowersC. pines and orchidsD. eucalypts and wattles答案：D6.New Zealand’s climate is generally（）and seasonal differences are not so great.A. dry and coldB. mild and moistC. hot and wetD. windy and cold7.Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism ?A. KeatsB. ShelleyC. WordsworthD. Defoe8.The Norman Conquest in English history happened in _ .A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 16069.Two of the most famous literary works of the late 17th century were _ .A. Hamlet and Paradise LostB. Pilgrim s Progress and Paradise LostC. Paradise Lost and Shepherd's CalendarD. Romeo and Juliet and Shepherd's Calendar10.The Australian Constitution can only be changed by___.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Governor-GeneralC. the ParliamentD. referendum二、判断题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.The first powerful flight in the world was made by Frank Whittle in the US in 1903.答案：错误2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: the official head of state is the Queen.3.The President of Ireland is only a symbolic Head of State and does not have executive power.4.Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th century.5.The Parliament of Ireland is composed of two houses: the Dail and the Seanad or the Senate.6.The Dreaming has an ‘elective affinity＇with Capitalism.7.Pauline set up the One Nation Party.8.Sinn Fein is the illegal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA (Irish Republic Army) to fight for the union of Ireland.9.The Anglo-Saxons were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.10.The Welsh keep their own language, Welsh. And all those Welsh-speakers are also fluent in English.18春《英语国家概况（I）》作业_2一、单选题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.In the 18th century, there appeared___in England, which owed a great deal to the invertion of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois ReformationC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation2.In 1787, Britain decided to colonize Australia because__________.A. Captain Cook's account of his discovery was not interestingB. Britain wanted to control the gold mines in AustraliaC. Australia was an attractive place to the English peopleD. Britain needed new places to transport its criminals3.In Britain,( )formally appoints important government ministers, judges,etc.A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons4.The two main land masses in New Zealand are__________.A. the White Island and the thermal regionB. the North Island and the South IslandC. the Southern Alps and the North IslandD. Auckland and the South Island5.Which of the following is NOT true about the British monarchy?A. It is the oldest institution of government.B. It goes back to at least the 9th century.C. It has maintained the continuity over the past thousand years.D. It seems that it enjoys no real power today.6.New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, _______.A. which is a native flightless birdB. which was the only mammal in New ZealandC. which was introduced to New Zealand about 1000 years agoD. which is an introduced flightless bird7.The Australian Day falls on __________.A. April 25B. Jan. 1C. Jan. 268.By（）Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never set”.A. 1900B. 1910C. 1920D. 19309.Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of（）.A. its shapeB. its connection with BritainC. its abundant natural resourcesD. its green countryside10.______ is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A. The Sydney Morning HeraldB. The AustralianC. The MercuryD. The Australian Financial Review二、判断题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.The first official language of the Irish Republic is English.2.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.3.In 1541, Queen Elizabeth I declared to be the Queen of Ireland, the first monarch to do so.4.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is well-known in the world for its most famous landmark.5.The Australia, the senate of Parliament has the power to enact legislation.6.In proportional terms, Islam is the fastest growing religion in Australia.7.India, popularly known as “The Jew in the Grown”of the British Empire gained its independence in 1954.8.The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where elected representatives make and debate policy.9.The British were the first foreigners to make contact with the People of the Dreaming.10.The BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. It＇s Britain＇s main public service broadcaster.18春《英语国家概况（I）》作业_3一、单选题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.The first European settlement on the continent began in__________.A. 1901B. 1788C. 1770D. 17872.In 1769, ______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain.A. Abel TasmanB. James CookC. Christian missionariesD. sealers and whalers3.The central part of Ireland is characterized by many lakes, low ridges and（）.A. peat bogsB. rapid streamsC. small islandsD. high cliffs4.In Britain, the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of（）.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the Attorney General5.Which of the following countries are Australia＇s major trading partners?A. Britain and Japan.B. Japan and the United States.C. EC and countries in south-east AsiD. New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.6.How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win the election?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 3517.The first settlers of New Zealand were _______.A. voyagers from East PolynesiaB. European navigatorsC. sealers and whalersD. Christian missionaries8.In Australia, the federal government and the state governments are formed by _______.A. the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB. the party that has the most votesC. the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD. the party that has the majority of the Senate9.Which of the following is not true about football in Britain?A. Millions of people attend the FA games each seasonB. "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashesC. It was invented by Scottish peopleD. It was once described as "beastly" violent10.The Australian national day is set on January 26 to commemorate________.A. the founding of the Commonwealth of AustraliaB. the discovery of the great southern unknown land'C. the first European settlement of the continentD. Captain James Cook's first voyage around Australia二、判断题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.King Alfred the Great united England under his rule in 829.2.Oliver Cromwell was the leader of the parliamentary army during the English Civil War in the revolutionary period of the 17th century.3.The Governor-General acts only on the advice of the Executive Council that comprises himself and the Cabinet.4.The death blow to the Irish language was Ireland＇s accession to the EU.5.John Keats was superb at pictorial poetry---painting a picture with word.6.The continent of Australia is the largest, fattest and driest continent in the world.7.Musicians are honored most in Ireland.8.It is believed that the Celtic invaders may have come to Ireland as early as the 6th century BC.9.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the political party that wins the most seats in ageneral election.10.In communication, the Irish value talking most.18春《英语国家概况（I）》作业_4一、单选题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.In Britain, thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over（）in 1918.A. 20B. 25C. 30D. 352.In Britain, the Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in （）.A. the Privy CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the Supreme CourtD. the House of Commons3.The two animals in Australia＇s coat of arms are _________.A. koala and kangarooB. emu and kangarooC. emu and koala4.Which of the following was first adopted in Australia?A. The three-tier government systemB. Secret BallotsC. The two-chamber parliamentD. The public services5.Northern Ireland，which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland，is a fourth political division of___.A. the United KingdomB. BritainC. the British IslesD. A or B6._____ is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A. The Sydney Morning HeraldB. The AustralianC. The MercuryD. The Australian Financial Review7.The cause of the Hundred Years＇War was_ .A. territorialB. economicC. partly territorial and partly economicD. partly territorial and partly religious8.Chaucer is he the author of( )A. BeowulfB. The CanterburyC. Rip Van WinkleD. Twelfth Night9.Which of the following about the Queen is not true?A. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the CabinetB. The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British stateC. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime MinisterD. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England10.What are the major mineral exports of Australia?A. Bauxite, alumina, and coal.B. Bauxite, gold and mineral sands.C. Crude oil, diamonds and liquefied natural gas.D. Crude oil, alumina and coal.二、判断题( 每题5分, 共10道小题, 总分值50分)1.In the early 15th century, the British took over the continent of Australia and declared it “terra nullius”.2.“The City”refers to the historic area at the center of London. It is one of the biggest financial centers with the greatest concentration of banks, insurance companies and businesses dealing in commodities.3.It was believed before 1980s that the government should play the central role in the promotion and maintenance of the social prosperity.4.Wakefield Scheme was devised by Edward Wakefield, a convict and theorist on colonization, to solve the problem of labor shortage in colonial Australia.5.The final blow to the Catholic Church came in referendum in 1995, when the Irish people voted for the legal provision of divorce.6.The Good Friday Agreement, approved on 10 April 1998, assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political statusunless the majority of the people Northern Ireland agree.7.The Parliament alone has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.8.Catholicism has the demographic supremacy in Australia today.9.The President of Ireland is elected directly by the people.10.Amongst European nations, Britain is the largest investor in China and sells much more of its own manufactured goods in China than do German or France.。
西方社会文化(英语国家旅游文化)智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年上海旅游高等专科学校
绪论单元测试1.旅游是展示和传承文化的一种重要形式。
（）A:对B:错答案:A2.本课程借用《大河之舞》介绍了美国的踢踏舞。
（）A:对B:错答案:B3.自20世纪80年代以来，文化旅游逐渐成为现代旅游业发展的主流之一。
（）A:对B:错答案:A4.课程借2014年习近平主席访问新西兰，介绍毛利文化。
（）A:对B:错答案:A5.课程借用电影《霍比特人》，介绍澳大利亚的自然风光。
（）A:错B:对答案:A6._____是旅游之魂。
（）A:景点B:文化C:服务D:游客答案:B7.本课程主要介绍了______个英语国家旅游文化。
（）A:8B:7C:5D:6答案:D8.下列哪个国家没有出现在本课程讨论内容中？（）A:澳大利亚B:新西兰C:南非D:爱尔兰答案:C9.本课程借用《爸爸去哪》节目内容推介了哪个国家的风光？（）A:加拿大B:新西兰C:美国D:英国答案:B10.本课程借用《哈利波特与混血王子》电影推介了哪个景点？（）A:尼亚加拉瀑布B:黄石公园C:科罗拉多大峡谷D:莫赫悬崖答案:D第一章测试1.During the First World War, Britain allied with ______.A:Germany and Austria-HungaryB:the Central PowersC:TurkeyD:France and Russia答案:D2.Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War?A:Neville ChamberlainB:George VIC:Theodore RooseveltD:Winston Churchill答案:D3.Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken onlyonce between 1649 and 1660.A:ParliamentB:MonarchyC:Privy CouncilD:Cabinet答案:B4.Which of the following king was responsible for the complete establishmentof the feudal system in England?A:Alfred the GreatB:Henry IIC:William the ConquerorD:Edward I答案:C5.The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finestexpression in the so-called ______.A:Romantic poetryB:Elizabethan poetryC:Elizabethan dramaD:Romantic fiction答案:C6.The favorite beverage of Britain is coffee, which is typically had between 4and 6 pm.A:对B:错答案:B7.The author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll, was aprofessor in Cambridge University.A:错B:对答案:A8.Hong Kong was transferred to China in 1997.A:对B:错答案:A9.London wa s UNESCO’s first City of Literature.A:错B:对答案:A10.Glasgow was recognized as a UNESCO City of Music in 2008.A:错B:对答案:B第二章测试1.Which of the following is not a color of the national flag of the Republic ofIreland?A:GreenB:OrangeC:WhiteD:Red答案:D2.In recent years, Ireland has attracted many international students for thefollowing reasons except ________.A:high education qualityB:competitive tuitionC:comparatively low living costD:convenient transportation答案:D3.“When You Are Old” is a poem written by_______.A:W. B. YeatsB:George Bernard ShawC:Robert BurnsD:William Shakespeare答案:A4._______ is the high season for visitor to Ireland.A:SummerB:WinterC:AutumnD:Spring答案:A5.Who visited China in 1933?A:James JoyceB:HemingwayC:Bernard ShawD:Yeats答案:C6.Jonathan Swift is an Irish satirist.A:对B:错答案:A7. A guided tour given by students in Trinity College is informative and free.A:错B:对答案:A8.Irish people often add some coffee into the pot when they make Irish stew.A:错B:对答案:A9.Kissing the Blarney Stone is believed to make one happier.A:对B:错答案:B10.Irish people are tea lovers and they drink more tea than Chinese people onaverage.A:错B:对答案:B第三章测试1.In “The Old Man and the Sea” Hemingway praises the old man’s attitudetowards________．A:defeat and failureB:natureC:the seaD:his work答案:A2.In order to remember George Washington, ________．A:a tall monument was built in the capitalB:an expensive car was named after himC:a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.D:a memorial hall was built in his birthplace答案:Apleted in 1974 in Chicago, ________used to be the tallest building in theworld.A:The Twin TowersB:The Sears TowerC:The Empire state buildingD:The Chrysler Building答案:B4.In the 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationism, but the ______suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into World War II.A:Pearl Harbor attackB:bombing of Guam islandC:seizing of American merchant shipsD:sinking of American passenger ships答案:A5.The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______.A:Veterans’ DayB:HalloweenC:Thanksgiving DayD:Independence Day答案:D6.NATO is a regional economic organization.A:对B:错答案:B7.The United States’ national flag is older than the Union Jack of Britain.A:对B:错答案:A8.The Americans are accustomed to giving tips for those who serve them.A:对B:错答案:A9.Americans no longer use the old British system of measurement while theBritish still use.A:对B:错答案:B10.The U.S. ranks 3rd in the world in terms of population.A:对B:错答案:A第四章测试1.________ is the largest city in Canada.A:MontrealB:OttawaC:TorontoD:Vancouver答案:C2.________ has historically been used as a Canadian symbol.A:The polar bearB:The maple leafC:The penguinD:The eucalyptus leaf答案:B3.. When did Canada recognize the People’s Republic of China?A:In 1970B:In 1978C:In 1976D:In 1972答案:A4.________ was the biggest tourist-generating country for short term visits toCanada in 2016.A:The U.S.B:AustraliaC:ChinaD:The U.K.答案:A5.________ is the capital of Canada.A:TorontoB:MontrealC:VancouverD:Ottawa答案:D6.Margaret Atwood thinks “innovation” should be the central symbol ofCanadian literature.A:对B:错答案:B7.Hockey is Canada’s oldest spor t.A:对B:错答案:B8.The CN Tower is a bit taller than the Oriental Pearl TV Tower in ShanghaiA:对B:错答案:A9.Niagara Falls can be admired in both Canada and Mexico.A:错B:对答案:A10.Canada is famous for its high-quality ice wine.A:错B:对答案:B第五章测试1.________ is the largest city of Australia.A:PerthB:SydneyC:CanberraD:Melbourne答案:B2.The European discovery of the continent by Dutch explorers was in________．A:1708B:1778C:1678D:1606答案:D3.The population of Australia is similar to that of _________.A:LondonB:Washington D.C.C:ShanghaiD:Hong Kong答案:C4.Australia Day marks ________.A:the discovery of AustraliaB:the foundation of the first British colonyC:the foundation of the commonwealth of AustraliaD:independence of Australia答案:B5.Which of the following is not on the Australian Coat of Arms?A:KangarooB:EmuC:KookaburraD:Wattle答案:C6.It is illegal to eat the kangaroo in Australia.A:对B:错答案:B7.Christianity is the official national religion in Australia.A:错B:对答案:A8.Many introduced animals and plants are popular among Australians.A:错B:对答案:A9.The main feature of Australia’s trade is that it has always involved theexchange of raw materials for finished products.A:对B:错答案:A10.Australia used to be a penal colony for British government in history.A:错B:对答案:B第六章测试1.It was________ who came to New Zealand and claimed the land for the British.A:Edward Sibbon WakefieldB:William HobsonC:Abel TasmanD:James Cook答案:D2.Who are the Maori?A:The native island people of New ZealandB:A tribe of indigenous people who lived in America before the arrival of EuropeansC:Ancient nomadic warrior tribes that settled in Great Britain and Ireland D:The original people of Australia答案:A3.What is a Kiwi?A:A fruit from New ZealandB:A bird from New ZealandC:The colloquial demonym for New ZealandersD:All of the above mentioned答案:D4.Which of the following is NOT the official language of New Zealand?A:MāoriB:New Zealand Sign LanguageC:EnglishD:French答案:D5.________ is the capital of New Zealand.A:ChristchurchB:AucklandC:HamiltonD:Wellington答案:D6.The biggest tourist generating country for New Zealand is the US.A:对B:错答案:B7.Over three-quarters of the population live on the North Island because it isflatter than the South Island.A:对B:错答案:A8.New Zealand is similar in size to France.A:对B:错答案:B9.New Zealand has only one time zone.A:对B:错答案:A10.In New Zealand, the head of the state is represented by the Governor General.A:错B:对答案:B。
英语国家概况问答
英语国家概况1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Y es. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Y ear with parties, in Scotland, New Y ear's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Y ule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Y ear can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
大学英语阅读试卷下
1．第1题Which of the following is NOT associated with horse racing?A.placing betsB.the Royal AscoC.the Grand NationalD.the FA Cup您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?A.the Conservative governmentB.the Liberal governmentC.the Labor governmentD.the radical government您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题Which country/area is Australia’s largest export market for beef and veal?A.SingaporeB.The United StatesC.The Republic of KoreaD.The Middle East您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题_____ is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A.Sherwood AndersonB.Stephen CraneC.Jack LondonD.Theodore Dreiser您的答案：B题目分数：2.05．第5题Which of the following is NOT included in the National curriculum?A.Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.B.Children must sit in A-level exams.C.Children must pass national tests.D.Teachers must teach what they are told.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题Which of the following countries does NOT have nuclear weapons capabilities?A.BritainB.the United StatesC.ItalyD.Russia您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题The state that had the first British settlement in Australia isA.Queensland.B.New South Wales.C.Western Australia.D.Victoria.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as _______ .A.the Black MuslimsB.Federal Bureau of InvestigationC.Student for A Democratic SocietyD.Ku Klux Klan题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题Up until 1970’s the Irish economy was ____.A.inward-lookingB.trade-dependentC.based on serviceD.based on manufacturing您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established in__.A.the 1950sB.the 1960sC.the 1970sD.the 1980s您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第15题The following were the main Reformation leaders except_____.A.Martin LutherB.Martin Luther KingC.John CalvinD.The English King Henry VIII您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第16题Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?A.Catholics can build their own schools and hospitals.B.Non-Catholics can go to Catholic-run schools.C.Public money is provided to support religious schools.D.Women have the right to abortion.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第17题In which of the following areas Australia and America have disagreements?A.Trade policiesB.American military presence in the Asian and Pacific regionC.Establishing diplomatic relations with P. R. ChinaD.Australia’s membership in the UN Security Council您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第22题On the evidence of the past, Canada used to be so reluctant to get involved in European squabbles that one prime ministeA.Prime Minister Lester PearsonB.Prime Minister Wilfred LaurierC.Prime Minister Pierre TrudeauD.Prime Minister Brian Mulroney您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第23题The three levels of local government are ________.A.regional councils, District Courts and community boardsB.the High Court, District Courts and Dispute TribunalsC.regional councils, territorial authorities and community boardsD.regional councils, city councils and community boards您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第25题What is the first official language of the Irish Republic?A.EnglishB.IrishC.CelticD.Gaelic您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第28题Which of the following about the Parliament is NOT true?A.There Are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B.Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C.Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第30题Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the exception?A.London is A political, economic And cultural centre of the country.B.London has A larger population than All other cities in England.C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but Also the largest in the worlD.London has played A significant role in the economic construction of the country您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第31题Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?A.Harvard University.B.the State University of New York.C.Yale University.D.Princeton University.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.020．第32题According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?A.The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.B.Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.C.The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debts oweD.The Congress had no power to tax any citizen.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第33题Which of the following about the north region of Canada is NOT true?A.The north is a scarcely populated area of ice and oceans.B.Most of the inhabitants are Aboriginal people.C.In 1999, there will be three administrative territories here.D.People in this region depend only on arts and crafts for living.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第34题The earliest settlers in Ireland came around ____.A.1, 200 BCB.2, 000 BCC.3, 000 BCD.7, 000 BC您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.023．第35题Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs including LSD?A.The FBI.B.The CIA.C.Congress.D.Richard Nixon.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第36题Which of the following provinces is the manufacturing heartland of Canada?A.Alberta.B.OntarioC.British ColumbiaD. Quebec您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.025．第37题What is the other official language besides English in Canada?A.GermanB. JapaneseC.FrenchD.Finnish您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.026．第38题Under the Constitution, the President of Ireland is elected by ___.A.the majority of the Parliament and SenateB.the majorityC.direct vote from Irish peopleD.indirect vote from Irish people您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.027．第39题In 1787, Britain decided to colonize Australia becauseA.Captain Cook’s Account of his discovery was not interesting.B.Britain wanted to control the gold mines in Australia.C.Australia was An Attractive place to English people.D.Britain needed new places to transport criminals.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第40题The Bill of Rights consists of ___.A.10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB.10 amendments adopted in 1787C.10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D.the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and th您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第49题Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A.The freedom of religion.B.The freedom of searching a person’s home by police.C.The freedom of speech and of the press.D.The right to own weapons if one wishes.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.030．第50题The two important reasons for the decline of the rural sector’s share of the export market areA.infertile soils and lack of water for irrigation.B.diversification of products and the expansion of export markets.C.the growing importance of Japan as a trading partner and the decline in that ofD.its dependence on the British market and a decline in wool’s share of the textil您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.031．第11题The main mountain range in the west of US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is the Rocky Mountains 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第12题Lester Pearson’s administration in Canada worked especially hard for the international recognition of the People’s Repub 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第13题The Wakefield Scheme was implemented most thoroughly in Victoria.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第14题The long wool boom helped to increase the population of Australia significantly.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第18题There is no public housing system in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第19题Blacks felt more and more confident after the 1960s that they would be fully integrated into the mainstream of American 您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第20题The Anglican Church has the demographic supremacy in Australia today.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.038．第21题The Middle Eastern migrants tend to occupy the lower range of occupation.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第24题Technical institutions are not mentioned in American higher education.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第26题Whitman’s poetry has the characteristic of celebrating the American spirit.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第27题Francis Greenaway was responsible for some fine buildings in Sydney.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第29题It was believed before 1980s that the private business in Australia should play the central role in the promotion and main 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.043．第41题Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.044．第42题The U S president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第43题Closer ties between the government and public service may have negative impact on the funding to public service.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.046．第44题The Governor-General is the formal head of the executive branch of the government.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第45题O. J. Simpson used to be a well-known athlete who plays football.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第46题In the 1970s, although the income of the black family increased greatly, the total black-white income gap was widened.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第47题The Vietnam War lasted about 20 years.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第48题The Liberal Party and the National Party form the Coalition.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.01．第5题Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family?A.cricketB.skiingC.golfingD.horse racing您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第6题In Australia, the federal government and the state governments are formed bA.the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB.the party that has the most votesC.the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD.the party that has the majority of the Senate您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第7题Which of the following provinces is the home of most French-speaking peopA.Manitoba.B.Ontario.C.Saskatchewan.D.Quebec.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第8题New Zealanders have adopted their name from the kiwi, _________ .A.which is A native flightless birdB.which was the only mammal in New ZealandC.which was introduced to New Zealand About 1,000 years AgoD.which is An introduced flightless bird您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第11题Which of the following is NOT associated with horse racing?A.placing betsB.the Royal AscoC.the Grand NationalD.the FA Cup您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第12题Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent ScotlaA. the Labor PartyB.the Liberal PartyC.the Scottish National PartyD.the Conservative Party您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第13题In 1769, ______ visited New Zealand and claimed it for Britain.A.Abel TasmanB.James CookC. Christian missionariesD.sealers And whalers您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第14题Diplomatic relations between Australia and China was established in__.A.the 1950sB.the 1960sC.the 1970sD.the 1980s您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第15题_____is the largest segment of the Australian economy.A.The primary industryB.The secondary industryC.The tertiary industryD.The food-processing industry您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第18题When did the participation in second level education rise from about 45% toA.After 1950B.After 1960C.After 1970D.After 1980您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.011．第19题80% of Australian’s population lives ______.A.in the north, east and southwest of the countryB.in the eastern, central and western areas of the countryC.in the eastern, southern and southwestern borders of the countryD.in the northern, eastern and western hills of the country您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第24题Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs incluA.The FBI.B.The CIA.C.Congress.D.Richard Nixon.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第25题The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket,A.New YorkB.Rhode IslandC.ConnecticutD.Georgia您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第26题Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?A.Edgar Allan Poe.B.Natty Bumppo.C.Washington Irving.D.Rip Van Winkle.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第27题Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to New Zealand’s envirA.Favorable geographic features.B.Low population.C.A late development of industry.D.The ozone hole over Antarctica.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第28题The Maori word “Marae” means _________.A.Maori cultureB.non-Maori or EuropeanC.protocolD.meeting house您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第29题Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?A.The Last of the Mohicans.B.The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow.C.“The Masque of the red Death”.D.Moby Dick.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第30题Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modA.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第31题Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?A.Catholics can build their own schools and hospitals.B.Non-Catholics can go to Catholic-run schools.C.Public money is provided to support religious schools.D.Women have the right to abortion.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.020．第32题The three influential Canadian Prime Ministers have a lot of things in commA.They came from Quebec and could speak French as fluently as English.B.They were educated as lawyers.C.They shared the vision of a strong, united Canada and worked hard to oveD. They belong to the same political party.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.021．第33题Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?A.SheepB.WombatC.KoalaD.Kangaroo您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第34题The Celts stressed on the importance of ___.A.fine, or the family unitB.menC.womenD.individuals您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第35题What percentage does the services sector account for in Ireland’s total emplA.About a thirdB.About two thirdsC.About halfD.About 10%您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.024．第36题Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of IndeA.each new state had its own government.B.each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs.C.the national government was called the Congress with little power.D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clea 您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第37题The European settlement _______ Aboriginal culture and society.A.devastatedB.promoted the development ofC.had no effect onD.brought prosperity to您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第38题The three-tier system of the government in the Australian federation stands fA.the Australian Parliament and Government, the six state governments andB.the Australian Parliament, the federal government and the Executive CounC.the Governor-General as the representative of the Queen, the Prime MinisD.the Australian government, the six states governments and the territories g 您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第39题Which of the following members from the royal family enjoys equestrianismA.Mary Queen of ScotlandB.the QueenC.“Fergie”D.Princess Anne您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第40题Which of the following is NOT included in the National curriculum?A.Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and sB.Children must sit in A-level exams.C.Children must pass national tests.D.Teachers must teach what they are told.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第41题Pierre Trudeau was regarded as an important Prime Minister in Canada becaA.He took the steps necessary to make Canada completely independent of BB.He signed a free trade agreement with the United States.C.He introduced some important programs to promote the use of French throD.He worked very hard to bring French and English Canada closer together.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第42题The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by _____ .A.teachersB.studentsC.headmastersD.boards of education您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第1题Lester Pearson’s administration in Canada worked especially hard for the int 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第2题After the Second World War, the United States became a stronger country, p 您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第3题The Vietnam War lasted about 20 years.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第4题The relationship between the Dreaming and Protestantism in terms of human 您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第9题In the 1970s, although the income of the black family increased greatly, the 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第10题Separation of state and church is one of the American values that came from 您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第16题Playing football is NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第17题Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第20题In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely fr 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.040．第21题Many public houses were sold to the people under Thatcher’s administration 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第22题France, China, Germany, Russia And Britain are the permanent members of 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.042．第23题O. J. Simpson used to be a well-known athlete who plays football.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题Salvation through the church was one of the characteristics of Protestantism.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because there were more Protestants tha 您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题The Warsaw Pact was founded in 1955.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.046．第46题Fundamentalists played an important role in forming Australian unionism题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题The first Muslims to come to Australia were camel drivers.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题Don Bradman was a museum designer.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题Mr. Peek’s story shows Capitalism’s exploitation of laborers.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题The focus of the Elite Theory is on how the general public obtain informatio您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0。
Religion_in_the_United_States美国宗教
Religious Experience
Common Phenomerity Sacred Readings Organization Rituals Leaders and Believers
Islamism: Qur’an 古兰经 Confucianism: The Analects论语
II. The American people are quite religious.
5美分硬币
1美分
美 国 总 统 布 什 宣 誓 就 职
III. P81-p1
American mainstream culture
----WASP ----White Anglo-Saxon Protestant ----residents of the first 13 colonies
Catholic
More than ¼ of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholics. The majority of the Catholics are descendents of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland.
Bible Belt
Baptism
Followers of John Wesley
Next to the Baptists, the most numerous Protestants are the Methodists. Most Methodists are united in the Methodist Church, which has a form of service based on that of the Church of England.
英美概况Unit-6---Religion-in-the-United-states
▪ The Declaration of Independence states: “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights.”
▪ John F. Kennedy’s presidential election victory put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics.
Catholic schools and the problems
New Jersey; ▪ Presbyterians from Scotland; ▪ Huguenots from France; ▪ Congregationalists (Puritans ) in New England.
As a result:
▪ Protestants lived side by side in harmony and they had already begun to influence each other.
Unit 6 Religion in the United states
Teaching aims:
▪ to understand religion liberty and diversity in the United States.
全大学英语(第二版)综合教程3 Unit 1 测试答案 We Learn
全大学英语(第二版)综合教程3 Unit 1 测试答案 We LearnReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A) equipmentB) ExhaustedC) TiringD) dragged onE) retreatF) hit-and-runG) nightmareH) trappedI) fleeJ) at the costK) strengthL) limpedM) strokeN) stuckO) escapedNapoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to 1) from Moscow. The French retreat turned into a 2) . From fields and forests, the Russians launched 3) attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter’s first snow came.4) horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became 5) in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers 6) , leaving the dead along every mile. As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly 7) the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a 8) of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but 9) of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors 10) toward Vilna.Answer：E GF B N D H M J LSection BDirections: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Terrorism may be viewed as the use of force or violence against persons or property to threaten or coerce (迫使) a government, a formal organization, or a civilian population for political, religious, or social objectives. Since terrorists monly use violence against civilian targets, their actions are widely condemned as morally unacceptable. In practice, aswith a great many other behaviors, what constitutes terrorism is a matter of social definition. When nations resort to violence to further their interests, the results are considered as being legal warfare. In many respects, terrorism is an extension of that approach by people who lack the armies of a state.For many years the public, government officials, and scholars treated terrorism primarily as a “nuisance.” But recently, we have e to see terrorism as a new mode of warfare with far-reaching implications. Terrorism serves as an avenue ofpolitical expression for some militants (好战分子), whether they are motivated by ideology, ethnicity, or religion. However, what distinguishes muchcontemporary terrorism is not so much its motivation or purpose, but rather the extent of state involvement in carrying out well-planned and highly destructive acts against adversary nations.Another feature of contemporary terrorism has been the extent to which it has bee a media event. Terrorism is usually aimed at a media audience, not the actual victims. The act of media coverage also enhances the importance of “the problem” that led to the terrorist activities. Newspaper readers and television viewers see “the problem” as of much greater importance and as justifying national or international action.11.According to the passage, terrorism is widelyunacceptable ______.A) for its illegal actionsB)because it is often targeted at ordinary peopleC) as it usually leads to death and hatredD) for its violence12.The word “approach” at the end of t he firstparagraph refers to ______.A) legal warfareB)establishing a stateC) furthering one’sinterests via violenceD) terrorism13.People used to ______.A) underestimate theinfluence of terrorismB) pay much attention toterrorismC) suffer less from terrori sts’actionsD) have sympathy with the terrorists14.Terrorism in the past ______.A) had differentobjectivesB) had different motivationsC) was more influentialD) was less closely related togovernments15.Terrorists use media mainly ______.A) to maketheir aim known to the worldB) to carry outviolent actionsC) as an avenue of politicalexpressionD) to condemn the adversary nations Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Given a good shopping position and the right amount of money available, an educated person ought to be able to make a small, steady living out of a bookshop. It is not a difficult trade to learn and the large chain-stores can never force the small independent bookseller out of existence as they have done to the corner shop and the local milkman. But the hours of work are very long ― I was only a part-time employee, but my employer put in a seventy-hour week, apart from regular journeys out of shopping hours to buy books. It is an unhealthy life too. As a rule a bookshop is very cold in winter, because if it is too warm the windows get steamed up, and a bookseller depends on the display in his windows trying to bring customers into his shop. Books give off more dust and dirtier dust than anything else yet invented, and the top of a book is the place where every fly prefers to die.But the real reason why I should not like to be back in the book trade for life is that while I was in it, I lost my love of books. A bookseller cannot always tell the truth about his books, and that gives him a dislike for them; still worse is the fact that he is always dusting them and moving them to-and-fro.There was a time when I really did love books ― loved the sight and smell and feel of them ― if they were fifty or more years old, that is. Nothing pleased me quite so much as to buy a bargain lot of them for 50 pence at a country auction sale. There is a peculiar flavor about the knocked-about unexpected books you pick up in that kind of collection; little-known eighteenth-century poets, out-of-date geography books, one or two volumes of forgotten novels. For occasional reading ― in your bath, for instance, or late atnight when you are too tired to go to sleep ― thereis nothing as good as a very old picture storybook.But as soon as I went to work in the bookshop I stopped buying books. Seen in a mass, five or ten thousand at a time, books were dull and even a little sickening. Nowadays I do buy one occasionally, but only if it is a book that I want to read and can’ t borro w, and I never buy rubbish.16.What does the author mean in the first sentenceof the passage?A) If an educated person wants tomake a living, he should run a bookshop.B) It iseasy for an educated person to earn money byrunning a bookshop.C) When an educated person isgiven a good shopping position and a certainamount of money he should open a bookshop.D) Ifan educated person has proper money and finds asuitable shopping location, he could open abookshop for steady ine.17.Running a bookshop is a good way to make a livingbecause ________.A) the owner will never beforced out of business by bigger shopsB) thereare many corner shops to helpC) even the localmilkmen e to buy booksD) the bookseller isindependent18.Bookshops are kept cold in winter because_______.A) it is a rule which must be followedB)booksellers want customers to see the displayclearly through the windowsC) more customers e to buy books in winterD) customers like them keptcold19.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT________.A) the author was tired of cleaningbooks and moving them about in the bookshopB) his telling lies about the books made him lose hislove of themC) running a bookshop is not adifficult trade to learnD) the author did notlike any books20.The author once took great pleasure in_________.A) buying old books and reading themoccasionallyB) taking bath occasionally late atnightC) buying all kinds of booksD) buying booksquite often which he was unable to borrowPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.El Nino means “little boy” in Spanish; when capitalized, it refers to the Christ child. This innocent-sounding name originated in the 19th century, when Peruvian sailors noticed that every few years around Christmastime, waters near the coasts warmed upand the current shifted southward. But this “little boy” plays havoc around the globe.El Nino’s vast impact on humans has often been catastrophic. The El Nino of 1982?1983 inflicted $13 billion in damage and claimed some 2,000 lives. In Australia day turned to night when a dust storm blanketed Melbourne; brush fires raged in its wake. In place of its normal monsoon, Southern India got dried-up crops and the threat of mass starvation. At the same time, violent rainstorms devastated the Western Hemis phere: Peru’s fishing industry once one of the richest in the world was wiped out, and seaside towns were washed into the Pacific.Is there a good side to El Nino? There can be. Zebiak notes that the number of tropical hurricanes in the Atlantic is reduced during an El Nino year. One theory is that winds created by El Nino shear off the tops of Atlantic hurricanes, aborting them before they reach full force. And a team of scientists in Israel who study tree rings and satellite cloud pictures concluded that El Nino may bring precious moisture to the thirsty Middle East. "It is perhaps fitting that El Nino the Christ child should have a link to the Holy Land,” notes scientist Dan Yakir.This year, scientists around the world are keeping a sharp eye on El Nino. They know that the greater the temperature rise in Pacific waters off South America, the more powerful the El Nino. And this year’s waters have heated up unusually fast.El Nino’s effects won’tjust be climatic, of course the global economy is sure to suffer as well. Drought in Brazil and flooding in Colombia may result in higher prices for coffee andother crops. And fishing industries from Ecuador to California are already being hurt.Clearly, the more accurately scientists can forecast El Nino, the more people everywhere can prepare. Insurance panies, farmers, power and irrigation panies, public-safety agencies and even tourist boards could benefit from knowing in advance when El Nino will strike.“Reliable forecasting is still in its infancy,” states Mark Cane. Someday, perhaps, scientists will be able to predict exactly how El Nino will behave. But for now, batten down the hatches and get ready for some wild weather!21.The phrase “play havoc” in paragraph 1 means“ _____________________”.A) cause trouble,damage or destructionB) bring benefit orhappinessC) play an important roleD) havegreenhouse effect22.According to one theory mentioned in paragraph 3,_______.A) the winds created by El Nino willstrengthen Atlantic hurricanesB) the windscreated by El Nino can stop Atlantic hurricanesfrom reaching full forceC) El Nino may bringfloods to Middle East which is regarded as theHoly LandD) El Nino will not bring disaster tothe Holy Land, because it is the Christ child23.All of the following statements are true EXCEPT________.A) there are both good and bad sides toEl NinoB) El Nino causes global economy to suffera lotC) El Nino may bring precious moisture tothe thirsty Middle EastD) the El Nino of1982?1983 caused litt le damage to Peru’s fishing industry24.From the phrase “in its infancy” of the lastparagraph, we can infer that _________.A) theforecasting of El Nino is reliableB) insurancepanies and farmers benefit a lot from theforecasting of El NinoC) the forecasting of ElNino has only just started to developD)scientists can already predict exactly how ElNino will behave now25.From the passage we can see the author’sattitude toward El Nino is ___________________.A) optimisticB) pessimisticC) supportiveD) objectivePassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.We are all inclined to believe that our generation is more civilized than the generation that preceded ours. From time to time, there is even some substantial evidence that we hold in higher regard such civilized attributes as passion, pity, remorse (懊悔), intelligence and a respect for the customs of people different from ourselves.Why war then?Some pessimistic historians think the whole society of man runs in cycles and that one of the phases is war. The optimists, on the other hand, think war is not like an eclipse (日食) or a flood or a spell of bad weather. They believe that it is more like a disease for which a cure could be found if the causes were known.Because war is the ultimate drama of life and death storiesand pictures of it are more interesting than those about peace. This is so true that all of us, and perhaps those of us in television more than most, are often caught up in the action of war to the exclusion of the ideas of it.If it is true, as we would like to think it is, that our age is more civilized than ages past, we must all agree that it’s very strange thatin the twentieth century, our century, we have killed more than 70 million of our fellowmen on purpose, at war. It is very strange that since 1900 more men have killed more other men than in any other seventy years in history.Probably the reason we are able to do both, that is, believe on the one hand that we are more civilized and on the other hand wage war to kill ― is that killing is not so personal an affair as it once was. The enemy is invisible. One man doesn’t look another in the eye and run him through with a sword. The enemy dead or alive is largely unseen. He iskilled by remote control: a loud noise, a distant puff of smoke and then silence.The pictures of thevictim’s wife and children, which he carries in his breast pocket, are destroyed with him. He is not heard to cry out. The question of passion or pity or remorse does not enter into it. The enemy is not a man; he is a statistic. It is true, too, that more people are being killed at war now than previously because we’re better at doing it than we used to be. One man with one modern weapon can kill thousands.26.In modern wars more people get killed because_____.A) people are more cruelB) people don’tcare others’ lives C) people have more advancedweaponsD) people are more civilized27.In what way are we more civilized than theancients?A) We can kill more people.B) We respect those people different from us.C) We have moreinteresting stories of war.D) We don’t think ofkilling as a personal affair anymore.28.In modern war the enemy is treated as _____.A) ananimalB) a victimC) a manD) a statistic withoutlife29.How is the enemy killed in modern war?A) By anopponent running him through with a sword.B) By a man who knows him well.C) By remote control.D) Bya puff of smoke.30.What is the attitude of the author toward war?A)Negative.B) Supportive.C) Neutral.D) Indifferent. Vocabulary and StructureSection ADirections: There are a number of inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best pletes the sentence.31.Some diseases are ______ by certain wateranimals.A) transplantedB) transformedC)transportedD) transmitted32.The new safety regulations were agreed on after_____ with the workforce.A) conferenceB)interventionC) consultationD) assembly33.She continued to type as fast as ever, though herthumb was badly swollen ______ a hurt.A) inB)forC) withD) from34.Robert will never _____ anything unless he worksharder.A) head forB) e toC) account forD) amount to35.As it had not rained for several months, therewas a _____ of water.A) wasteB) dropC) lossD)shortage36.A ______ wind was blowing from the water.A)staffB) stiffC) stuffD) stuffy37.Plants _____ their own food by photosynthesis.A)promoteB) manufactureC) growD) raise38.Many of the shopkeepers are poor. There isn’tmuch _____ in this town.A) prosperityB)advantageC) failureD) indigence39.He went into _______ to escape politicalimprisonment.A) troubleB) exitC) exileD) action 40.Sulphur is _____ in Japan and is found elsewherein Asia in association with volcanic activity.A) sufficientB) abundantC) numerousD) considerable 41.The self-discipline required to ________ myselfout of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.A) draftB) drinkC) drainD) drag42.The Russians were attacked and forced to _____.A)advanceB) retireC) retreatD) draw43.Don’t ___________ him. He looks stupid but hehas great intelligence.A) undertakeB)underestimateC) undergoD) underlay44.I left for the office earlier than usual thismorning _____ traffic jam.A) in line withB) forthe sake ofC) in case ofD) at the risk of45.The blow to his head was strong enough to _____him unable to speak.A) beeB) giveC) renderD)asset46.Children in our country are taught to _____ theright-and-wrong principle through thick andthin.A) take toB) see toC) stick toD) live up to 47.You’ll have to _____ the ladder to reach the topshelf.A) moorB) mountC) moundD) mould48.At the first _______ of twelve all the workers inthe factory stopped for lunch.A) strikeB) bellC) strokeD) hit49.The mechanic said that the work would be donequickly, but he would not _____ himself to aspecific time.A) admitB) permitC) mitD) submit50.A tree fallen across the road was a(n) ______ toour car and we had to push it away.A) difficultyB) stopC) helpD) obstacle51.Oxford University is to ________ withcontroversial reforms of the way it is run,including plans to hand more power to businessdespite growing opposition among some deans.A)press uponB) press ontoC) press aheadD) pressinto52.Greater effort is needed to ______ children inroad safety.A) conductB) tutorC) informD)instruct53.Napoleon was sent into ______ on an island afterhis failure at Waterloo.A) exileB) excessC)excelD) access54.The speech which he made ______ the project hasbothered me greatly.A) being concernedB)concernedC) concerningD) be concerned55.The changes to the national health system willfirst be _____ in some provinces for a try next year and carried out all over the country based on the experience later.A) fulfilledB)popularizedC) implementedD) drafted56.The 5.12 Earthquake _______ thousands of peoplehomeless in Sichuan.A) causedB) renderedC)leadedD) resulted57.By the time the ________ ended, the citizens werenearly starving.A) sieveB) sagaC) sageD) siege 58.Having lost our way, we were _____ to spend thenight in the forest.A) obligedB) decidedC)intendedD) remained59.We have to raise our prices because of theincrease in the cost of ______ materials.A) rawB) roughC) originalD) primitive60.One of the urgent tasks the pany managers arefaced with at present is to _____ the worldmarket.A) exportB) explodeC) exploitD) expose 61.I know it’s somewhere off Silver Street but Ijust can’t _____ where it is.A) specifyB)specializeC) memorizeD) realize62.In each dynasty, the toughest problem the kingwas facing was to decide which son would be his successor and _____ of the country.A) take inchargeB) take mandC) take responsibilityD) takecontrol63.Before the gases are discharged into theatmosphere they must be _____ harmless.A)renderedB) disposedC) handledD) converted64.This dress material is durable and will _____repeated washings.A) stand upB) put up withC)withstandD) endure65.The gymnast seemed to _____ to give a performanceon the balance beam.A) exercise herselfB) signify her readinessC) be poisedD) be trained66.The teachers ______ themselves with planning outthe work of the ing semester.A) employedB)involvedC) occupiedD) engaged67.The soldier tried not to show his ______ when hesaw the enemy.A) angerB) frightenC) sorrowD)fright68.The basic aim of the establishment of thisinstitution is the _______ of H1N1.A) conquestB)fightC) workD) treatment69.The shock of her daughter’s death _______ herunable to remain calm.A) causedB) hadC) enabledD) rendered70.One day the lady met with a real ______ who hadbeen sleeping on the streets for years.A) down-and-outB) down-to-earthC) out-and-outD) in-and-out以上试卷得分为93分，主要是后半部分选择题答案不确定。
澳大利亚的宗教和体育
2.The church is still a important place -- at death , birth ,marriage or going to the war.
基督教三大教：天主教，东正教，新教。
Prosperity of Catholicism : because of the higher rates of migration from the Catholic countries .
Later
The none-Christian religion : Buddhism ,Islam , Hinduism , Judaism
新教的宣传理念：上层社会，有钱有
势的人之所以成功，就是因为他们通过 主宰土地和人来实践上帝的旨意。
Do you know ?
1. 澳大利亚是一个宗教信仰自由的国家，有基督教、犹太 教、伊斯兰教、佛教等多种宗教。约75%的澳大利亚人 信仰基督教，12%左右的澳大利亚人无宗教信仰.
2.
当代澳大利亚年轻人的宗教观念日趋淡漠;他们更加崇 尚的是现实和享乐,对于基督教的兴趣与日俱减。大部 分年轻人的看法是,宗教过于虚无缥缈,缺乏真实性.
The Religion and the Sport in Australia
澳大利亚的宗教和体育
1.The religion
Unit 16
2.The sport
3. the literature 4. the film
Religion
The dreaming : People do not own the land , but the land owns the people who have responsibilities of guardianship to it . (梦创教)
Australia
Moreover, the high aging population will be became a tendency. Even worse is that this will affect employment and social stability. This is a problem pressing for solution.
Composition of population
Australia is a nation of immigrants, pursuing multi-cultural. 20% of the population born in countries outside Australia and English is an official language. Australia's population of 25.9% for the British descent, 25.4% for Australia, 7.5% for Irish and 6.4% for Scottish also 3.3% for Italian. Besides, Asians accounted for 5% and According to statistics, Australia's Asian population is growing rapidly. Native residents accounted for 2.2%.Other nationalities accounted18.8%.
Australia
Australia
1 2 3
Land People
religion
Land
Australia lies between latitudes 9° and 44°S, and longitudes 112° and 154°E. Australia„s landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometers is on the Indo-Australian Plate. Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is separated from Asia by the Arafura (阿 拉佛拉海) and Timor（东帝汶） seas, with the Coral Sea （珊瑚海）lying off the Queensland coast(昆士兰）, and the Tasman Sea（塔斯曼海） lying between Australia and New Zealand. The world‟s smallest continent and sixth largest country by total area, Australia—owing to its size and isolation—is often dubbed the “island continent”, and is sometimes considered the world„s largest island.
Unit4 Religion in the U.S.A(美国宗教)
Buddhist
Muslim Hindu Other Christant
The Christians Church
The Catholic ’s Church
J e T s h u e s
The Catholic’s Church The Hinduism
Section③
• The lack of any established national religion in America appealed strongly to European Protestants,whether or not they were being persecuted. Thinking…The attitude---“live and let live”
Before us read
• Do you have belief? Let’s talk about your belief… • Then if you have thought about what might be the reasons that make people go for certain religious beliefs?
Part three
The protestant Heritage:Self-Improvss, Hard work and Self-Discipline
“God helps those who helps themselves.”
• The need for self-improvement,once established,reaches far beyond selfimprovement in this purely moral or religious sense. It can be seen in countless books,which explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game,or even their whole personality.
澳大利亚 Australia
Platypus (鸭嘴兽)
Often described as the world’s most unusual animal because it is a small , web-footed （长蹼足动物） , egg-laying mammal （产卵哺乳动物） with a bill（鸟嘴） like a duck and can stay under water for as long as 14 minutes .
（树袋熊）
Another marsupial but one which looks like a small wooly , grey and white bear . It lives mainly in the branches of trees , especially the eucalyptus （桉树）whose leaves comprise the koala’s main diet .
The Peoples of the Dreaming belonged to over 500 different groups or nations with different languages and cultures but they were bound together by their belief in the Dreaming . “The Dreaming” or “The Dreamtime” is the most enduring religion in Australia today .
Tasmania
Tasmania
Tasmania
Torres Straits
The distinctive features of the land
英语国家社会与文化入门练习
英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门练习英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门练习Book1Exercise One （Book1 Unit1）Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the fifth century.Arthur was legendary hero supposed to have fought against the Saxons.Romans invaded Britain in 43, and the only area they did not subdue therein was Scotland.most important part of the UK in wealth is England.were ironworkers, practiced farmers and they drained much of the marshlands and built houses. But they didn't speak Anglo Sanxon English. They have their own language.real Roman conquest of Britain began in 43AD.English are mainly decendants of Anglo-Sanxon.was the national hero during the fighting against Danes.Channel separate Great Britain from the rest of the Europe.was crowned King of England on the Christmas Day of 1066.population of the UK consist of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the Irish. , Duke of Normandy, is now known as William the Conqueror.occupies the northern portion of Great Britain.is the capital of Scotland.is mainly spoken in Scotland.14th century, Wales was effectively united with England.Exercise Two（Book1 Unit3）the English Civil War, the “Roundhead”supported Oliver Cromwell, while the “cavalier”supported Charles I.in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen(The Sovereign), the House of Lords and the House of Commons.House of Commons is the source of real political power in the United Kingdom.Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by King John in 1215.spirit of the Magna Carta was the limitation of the powers of the king.l clung to the theory of the “Divine Right of Kings”.Prime Minister of Britain was appointed by Queen.United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is reigned over by the Monarch, but ruled by the government.real power of the House of Lords lies in discussing bills.Exercise Three（Book1 Unit4）general election is held normally every 5 years in the 650 consituencies of Brirain.（p50）the help of DECC, the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan was published by the UK goverment.（p56）majority of the working lords in the House of Lords are life peers, who earned their titles through their outstandingachievement.（p58）the House of Commons is a “vote of no confidence” decided.（p50）the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives 5% or more of the vote cast.（p50）Labour Party is the primary opposition to the Conservatives.（p52）. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in 1980s, believed Privatization; the keeping of law and order; self-reliance. Except the strengthening of the trade unions.Thatcher carried out the economic policy of privatization to revitalize British economy in the 1980s.change in England came mainly through gradual reform.Exercise Four（Book1 Unit11）far as the religion is concerned, people in Northern Ireland who are loyal to the British goverment are mainly Protestants, while people in the Republic of Ireland are mainly Catholics.' language survived through history and Irish is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland.was brought to Ireland by Saint Patrick in the 5th century.1800, Irish parliament was voted out of existence. The Act of Union was signed, and Ireland was officially a part of Brirain. 1870, a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituted up byIsac Butt.ancestors of the Irish are the Celts.Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the 6th century.bought a legal system-the Brehon law, to the island of Ireland.Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914.political party, Sinn Fein, was developed by Arthur Griffith.the Celtic Brehon law, women were given more rights in Ireland than in the British colonial period.Book1 Unit15first group of English were brought in Australia as convicts in 1788 by the First Fleet.Dreaming is the oldest religion on Australia., kangaroo and koala are unique to the Australia continent.was essentially unknown in the West until the 17th centry.Dreaming is the most enduring religion in Australia today.（p246）first industries that were developed after the settlement were the sealing industries.original natives of Australia are the Aborigines.the policy of assimilation, children were taken away from their parents to be placed in church-run institutions and the missionaries on the “protected reserves”.Book1 Unit16is one of the many forms of Protestantism.（p258）of sports in Australia are high particularly in both water sports and team sports., Islam, Hinduism and Judaism are the major forms of non-Christian religions in Australia except Catholicism.most popular sport in Australia is football.Book2Exercise 5（Unit1）the north, a series of large lakes were formed by huge glaciers.（F）（p3）most of New Zealand's forest has been turned into golf course.（F）（p4）New Zealand, you can see a lot of Kiwi, a symbol of the nation.（F）（p4）Maori live on rural areas.（F）（p8）Europeans came to New Zealand, Maori had had their own written languages and recorded their history in written form.（F）（p10）1642 the Dutch explorer Thomas Cook made the first confirmed Eiropean discovery of New Zealand.（F）（p10）Zealand's highest peak is Mount Cook in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.（p3）Zealand consists of two main lands: North Island and South Island.（p3）Southern Alps, with Mt Cook in the center, runs almost the whole length of the South Island.（p3）is the capital of New Zealand.（p4）three-quarters of the population (including more than 95% of the Maori) live on the North Island.（p6）first European to visit New Zealand was a Dutchman, Abel Tasman.（p10）Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown.（p10）the first environmental legislation in the world, the Resource Management Act focuses on the effect of human activities on the environment.（p6）, the country's largest urban area, is located on the North Island.（p6）1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was estabilished to address past wrongs and Maori grievances.（p9）Unit3Columbus discovered America in the year of 1947.（F）（p33）1607,Britain planted its firat colony, Jamestown, in what is now Virginia.（T）（p35）second President John Adams completed the Louisiana Purchasr, which more than doubled the size of the United States.（F）（p47）Jefferson, American Democratic Repubilican statesman, 3rd President of US, made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.5.“All men are created equal”is from the document called The Declaration of Independence.（p42）Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States and granted the new nation all the territory north of Florida, South of Canada and east of Mississipi river.（p42）principal author of The Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.important thing done in the Second Continental Congress was that Washington was appointed commander of the army.（p42）continental states are there at the time of independence of the United States.（p42）Calvin is the man whose teaching develop into Puritanism.（p33）Exercise SixUnit4president is elected directly by the voters of the nation (all the citizens of the US).practice of judicial review, an important feature of the American legal system is a crucial weapon in the hands of Congress.（F）（p55）to the principle of checks and balances, the president has to share power with the legislative and the judiciary branches.（T）（p55）of the bills introduced to the Congress can eventually becomes law. （F）（p54）American government has always been playing an unimportant role in the development of American economy.（F）（p57）can override the president's veto by a two-thirds vote.all federal judges, the Supreme Court justices, are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.（p54）role of American presidents includes command the armed forces, negotiate and sign treaty and appoint certain personnel except pass law.the United States, a case subject to federal jurisidiction is heard first before a federal district judge, and then appeal may be made to the Federal Court of Appeals, and finally to the Supreme Court.（p55）most important of the US Supreme Court, known as the power of judicial review consists of determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the constitution.Constitution defines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federal courts. This division of authority is known as a system of checks and balances, and it ensures that none of the branches of government can dominate the others.Unit8to US laws, American children must go to school until they are at least 16 years old.（p119）public schools are supported by taxes and controlled by the federal government.（F）（p119）doctrines can be taught in American public schools.（F）（p119）University was founded in 1636.（p121）college in America is two-year college.（p123）Exercise seven（unit14）I. True or False1. The most dramatic crisis of the Cold War was the Cuban2. In the aftermath of September 11 terrorist attack, President Bushordered the invasion of Iraq in 2001, and then Afghanistan in （p225）3. The credibility of the Bush administration was significantly improvedwhen the Saddam regime was found possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD).F（p226）4. Mr. Barack Obama is the first Hispanic American president ever electedin the US5. Most significantly, Obama visited Turkey and Iran to show that the USwanted to improve its relations with the Muslim （p227）II. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following did NOT take place in the Nixon administration?CA. Vietnamization.B. Cuban Missile Crisis.C. Watergate Scandal.D. Re-establishing US relations withChina.2. The formal diplomatic relation between China and the US was established under PresidentA. NixonB. BushC. CarterD. Reagan3. Who is the founding leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda,wildly known as the culprit behind the terrorist attacks on the United States?CA. Adolf Hitler.B. Saddam Hussein.C. Bin Laden.D. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi.4. Which of the following US administrations launched the first Gulf War?A. The Clinton administration.B. The Bush (Jr.) administration.C. The Obama administration.D. The Bush (Sr.) administration.5. The two Germanys, which had been separated since the end of Word WII, were reunited in ____A____.A. 1990B. 1991C. 1989D. 19996. In which of the following year did September 11 Attacks happen in the United States and kill more than 3,000 people?BA. 2000.B. 2001.C. 2002.D. 2003.7. Who was supported by Obama as the Secretary of Energy in July 2009?CA. Gary F. Locke.B. Maya Lin.C. Stephen ChuD.Elaine Chao.8. Where did President Obama make his historical speech whereby he announced a major change in US policy towards the Muslim world?DA. Damascus, Lebanon.B. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.C. Ankara, Turkey.D. Cairo Egypt.III. Blank Filling1. The Cold War ended after the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, leaving the United States as the dominant military power.2. Unilateralism, faith in military strength, regime change formed the core elements of Bush Doctrine.3. By the end of his first year in office, views on Obama’s foreign policy record proved more positive than negative.IV. MatchingMatch the US president with the event that took place in his presidency.I. True or False(Unit 17)1. The Group of Severn refers to a group of painters in the2. Quebec is the largest province in area and3. The first major waves of immigration happened in the first half of the 20th(Unit 18)4. Governor Generals represent the Queen of England in Canada and usuallyserve for one term of seven5. British and French political traditions have an important influence onthe formation of the Canadian political6. The Senate is also an elected body of men and women, representing fourmain regions in7. In Canada, local governments are subordinate to the provincialgovernments, and provincial governments are subordinate to the federal (Unit 19)8. The Métis played an important role in fur trade between the Firstpeople and the9. The major economic activity during colonial times was the fur10. In Canada, immigration remains an explosive politicalII. Blank Filling(Unit 17)1. Most of the inhabitants in the North of Canada are Aboriginal peoples.2. The western-most province is British Columbia, which has three majormountain ranges running through it, among which the largest one is the Rockies.3. Lake Louise, located in the Rockies, is probably the most famous imageof the Canadian landscape.4. The prairies are flat and featureless and have a harsh continentalclimate.5. The prairies are called Canada's breadbasket because the terrain iswell-suited to farming.6. Ontario and Quebec are the most densely populated provinces. Over halfof Canada's population live in the two provinces.7. Newfoundland was the last province to join Canada in 1949.(Unit 18)8. Canada?s political system reflects the two major foreign forces on thehistorical development of the country: Britain and the United States.9. Canada's system of government was based on the British system of parliamentary democracy. This is often referred to as ?West-minster-style? democracy.10.Canada was the first political community to combine federalism with aBritish system of government.11. The Canadian parliament is divided into a lower house, the House ofCommons, and an upper house called the Senate.(Unit 19)12. The Inuit used to be called the non-Indian peoples.13. Canada?s aboriginal peoples were forced to live on reserves.14. During the 1930s, the period of the Great Depression, Canada?simmigration market was open only to Britons and Americans.15. In more recent years, the federal government encouraged Asianimmigration, offering passports to those with capital and / or entrepreneurial skills, by passing the Immigration Act of 1976.16. Because of the racist, overtones and the purely economic concerns inits immigration policies, Canada looks hardheaded rather than humanitarian.III. Multiple Choice(Unit 17)1. ________ is the capital ofA. VancouverB. TorontoC. OttawaD. Montreal2. Canada ranks ________ in land area in theA. secondB. firstC. thirdD. fourth3. ________ are the two official languages inA. French and IndianB. English and FrenchC. English and ItalianD. Italian and French4. Almost half land area of Canada is covered byA. forestsB. desertsC. swampsD. bogs5. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live inA. New BrunswickB. OntarioD. Nova Scotia(Unit 18)6. In Canada the Head of State isA. the prime ministerB. the governor-generalC. Queen Elizabeth IID. the leader of the majority party7. The parliament of Canada is made up of all the following exceptA. the CrownB. the SenateC. the House of CommonsD. the National Assembly(Unit 19)8. Indigenous peoples make up about 4% of the Canadian people. They areA. Indians and AfricansB. Aborigines and IndiansC. Eskimos and AboriginesD. American Indians and Inuit9. Immigrants from central and eastern Europe were encouraged to settlethe prairies and develop theA. agricultureB. mining industryC. forestryD. fishing industry10. After World War II, Canada opened its doors again to immigrants from aboard, but restriction on ________A. BritonB. AmericansC. Northern EuropeansD. Asians11. The city of ________ is home to the second largest Chinese community in NorthA. OttawaB. VancouverD. Montreal。
religion in austria宗教 澳大利亚(全)
• Religion in Australia is diverse. The Constitution of Australia of 1901 prohibits the Commonwealth government from establishing a church or interfering with the freedom of religion;
Nowadays
• The Roman Catholic Church is by far the largest non-government provider of health and education services in Australia • less than a quarter of Christians attend church weekly • a quarter of all school students attend church-affiliated schools • the Christian festivals of Easter and Christmas are public holidays
英语国家概况上Unit 16
The Non-Christian Religions: Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and Judaism
• The histories of Buddhism, Irish and Hinduism in Australia have similar patterns: a modest mid-19th century growth; a cut back beginning of the 20th century due to the racist White Australian Policy, and a significant proportional increase when Australia became a multi-cultural society in the 1970s. Buddhism is now the fastest growing belief system in Australia.
Secularism
• Secularism is the rejection of any religious belief. Secularists use a set of non-religious values to guide their lives. As only 13 pesent of the population attends church each week, Australia could be described as a secular society. However, there is a clear distinction between “believers” and “non-believers”. Many non-churchgoers stay committed to a form of belief.
Australia
Unit Eleven AustraliaAustralia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia is an Oceanian country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.Flag of AustraliaThe flag of Australia is a defaced Blue Ensign: a blue field with the Union Jack in thecanton (upper hoist quarter), and a large white seven-pointed star known as the Commonwealth Star in the lower hoist quarter. The fly contains a representation of the Southern Crossconstellation, made up of five white stars – one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars.Coat of Arms of AustraliaIn the top half, from left to right, the states represented are: New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. In the bottom half, from left to right: South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania. Above the shield is the seven-pointed Commonwealth Star or Star of Federation above a blue and gold wreath, forming the crest. Six of the points on the star represent the original six states, while the seventh point represents the combined territories and any future states of Australia. In its entirety the shield represents the federation of Australia.The Red Kangaroo and Emu that support the shield have never been designated as official animal emblems of the nation.They owe their unofficial recognition to the fact that they are native Australian fauna (found only on that continent), and likely chosen because they are the most well-known native Australian animals large enough to be positioned together in scale holding up the shield. It is often claimed these animals were chosen because neither animal can move backward, only forward –i.e. symbolising progress. In reality both animals can move backwards, although only infrequently. In the background is wreath of Golden Wattle, the official national floral emblem, though the representation of the species is not botanically accurate. At the bottom of the coat of arms is a scroll that contains the name of the nation. Neither the wreath of wattle nor the scroll are technically part of the design, because they are not described on the Royal Warrant that grants the armorial design.袋鼠 kangarooKangaroo is Australia’s national animal, but it is not rare, according to incompletestatistics, the existing Australian kangaroos have more than 20 million, even more than the population of Australians. Kangaroos are marsupials(有袋类）and mammals, 25 million years ago, marsupials almost disappeared from the earth, only kangaroos survive in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Kangaroos look like mice. Mother kangaroos have bags which can feed wallabies. Although kangaroos’ forelegs are short, but they have strong hind legs. Kangaroos can jump up to 60 kilometers per hour .中文：鸸鹋érmiáo 英文：emuEmu is Australia’s another symbol.It is on the national emblem, because it is Australia’s largest bird.As one of Australia’s symbolic animals, emus is one of the world’s most ancient species of birds and it cannot fly. Like the ostrich(鸵鸟）, emus are about 1.5 meters in height.Their mouths are short and flat, and they have gray or brown feathers.They grow up in forests in Australia, eating leaves and wild fruit.The LandThe continent of Australia lies between equatorial South East Asia and the Antarctic. With a coastline of 30 000 kilometers and a land area of 7 682 300 km2, it is the largest island in the world. Its land area almost equals that of the United States. It is also the smallest, flattest and driest continent in the world. The country also includes Tasmania, an island just to the south, the Torres Straits Island off the northern coast of the mainland and a small number of islands in the Pacific and the Indian Oceans.The continent is thought to have formed from the disintegration of Gondwana ---- the great southern supercontinent ---- in a process of separation occurring from 250 to 90 million years ago. Isolated from other major land masses, Australia’s distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent. Animals that are unique to the continent include:the platypus --- often described as the world’s most unusual animal because it is a small, web-footed, egg-laying mammal with a bill like a duck and can stay under waterfor a long as 14 minutes:the kangaroo ---- a macropod (meaning “large footed”) which is sometimes as much as two meters in height. It sits upright on its extremely powerful back legs and moves by jumping. It is also a marsupial which means that the young “joeys”, or baby kangaroos, live in the mother’s pouch until they are ready to fend for themselves;the koala ---- another marsupial but one which looks like a small, woolly, grey and white bear. It lives mainly in the branches of trees, especially the eucalyptus whose leaves comprise the koala’s main diet.The wombat --- a squat, round, bear-like, burrowing marsupial, about one metre in length, with short leg, small ears and eyes and a thick, coarse fur of brown or grey.The landscape of the country is extremely variable. In the north are tropical rainforests; snowfields occupy the plateau landscapes of the southeast whilst, in the centre and the western areas of the continent, two thirds of the land is desert or semi desert. However, it is in the Mediterranean and temperate climates of the hills and fertile plains bordering the east, south and the south west of the continent that 80% of Australia lives today.Two of the country’s most distinctive physical features are the Great Dividing Range and the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Dividing Range extends as an almost unbroken series of plateaus down the East Coast of Australia, from northern Queensland, through New South Wales and into Victoria, whilst, off shore, the Great Barrier Reef, the largest coral structure in the world, extends for over 2 000 kilometers along the coast of Queensland.The PeoplesWe do not know exactly how long the country has occupied but the earliest discovered site of occupation is about 47 000 years old. To put this in perspective, since the First Fleet arrived in 1788 there have been only eight generation of settlers. On the other hand, there have been at least 18 500 generations of the Peoples of the Dreaming. The people of the Dreaming belonged to over 500 different groups or nations with different languages and cultures but they were bound together by their belief in the Dreaming. “The Dreaming “ or “The Dreamtime” is the most enduring religion in Australia today. It is based on the central principle that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the land --- that the land owns them and thatthey hold it in trust as the home of their creator. However, in the immensely variable landscape of the country, different cultures and different languages developed within this broad framework of the Dreamtime.Contact and the Concept of Terra NulliusThere are records in the art of the Peoples of the Dreaming of the arrival of various European travelers, Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch explores. However, it was the British who took over the country in the late 18th century, declaring it to be “terra nullius” ---- an unowned wasteland which could, legitimately, be colonized.By declaring Australia “terra nullius” the British were not only claiming that they could take possession of the land but that they could dismiss those who had lived there for 18 000 or so generations as a people who were not fully human and who were certainly not civilized. The 500 Peoples of the Dreaming were not recognized. These one million or so people who lived on the land were instead grouped together under the one name: “the Aboriginines”, the generic term meaning “the original natives of the land.”Australia as a Penal ColonyAfter European settlement in 1788, Australia was politically organized as a number of separate British colonies, eventually six in all.Family Life in the Convict ColonyAt the end of the 18th century families in Europe, especially those in Britain, were in a state of transition, moving from the families of rural life to the new urban families of the manufacturing towns and slums of the early industrial revolution. So life in the penal colony was based on a culture that was itself subject to changing values. Moreover, for the first dew decades after 1788, the colonial workforce was based largely on convict labor. En outnumbered women. However, family life was being established in the colony although with some significant variations from life in the “mother country”.In the first decades new families were often formed in the colony in a brutal way. When a ship women convicts or “free”women migrants docked, first the Government official and senior officers, then the sailors and “free” working men were allowed to go on board to claim a woman as a servant and/ or a concubine. Convicts could claim the remaining women. The women who were not claimed either slept on the streets or were sent to the “Female Factory”--- a prison in Paramatta. Single women were at risk ofbeing viciously treated and this abuse was so much part of the institutional culture of the colony that Governor Macquarie was censure for punishing one group of his officers for their abominable treatment of women. For women this vicious system meant that they were obliged to work and sleep with one man or bear the considerable risks of being shared between men. Women in the colony had little choice between an informal family relationship or prostitution.So families were formed in various ways: some arrival together, or arrived separately and were reunited, whilst others were newly formed in NSW. The convict husbands of free wives could allotted to them as “ticket-of –leave servants. In these cases, the husband was expected to provide for the family through his labor on land that had been formally allocated to the wife.The partnerships between convict men and convict women were less secure. Margaret McDonald, a convict from Edinburgh, applied to have here convict husband assigned to her but the authorities deliberately separated to couple by assigning them to masters in different areas of the colony. Moreover, whether the wife was “free” or “convict”, if the convict husband has a special skill required by the government, he was less likely to be assigned to her. For example, Ann Evans, a free wife with two children, came to the colony two years after her husband, a carpenter, had been transported for life. Portia Robinson records the response of the authorities to Ann’s petition. The government would not free him from his convict servitude because “the husband of the Petitioner is a Cabinet maker and in the present state of the Public Works he cannot be spared”.Many of the women and men, who had been transported as convicts. Lived together and had children without having been officially married in church. In Australian term, these were “de facto”families. Samuel Marsden, a Protestant clergyman and an influential moralist in the colony, was critical of these “unofficial”families. Portia Robinson, the historian of family life in the colony, strongly disputes Marsden’s account of the immorality of these early Australian families. Here research details the care and responsibility that parents displayed towards their children. “Currency children” was the name given to these first generations born in NSW and several visitors to the colony favorably compared the physical stature and easy demean our of the “Currency” children with those of the children reared in the industrial towns and slums of England.Convict partnerships were not the only form of family of this area. There were also “free” family of people who came over with the transported convicts, families of soldiers or administrators of the colony or people who arrived as “free settlers”. However, the majority of men in the early years of the colony did not have wives. The majority of men, of course, were also convicts.Work and Family Life in Australia TodayOver the past 60 years, work and family life have changed in several ways. By the 21st century, the fights for equal pay and equal rights to education and employment have given both men and women much greater choice about the ways they want to live. Today in Australia, people get married and have children much later in life. Often, the parent of families remain unmarried. There are more “blended families”as people separate and remarry, bringing their two sets of children into their new partnerships. Single parent families now comprise a higher proportion of all families. The extension of longer periods of education and training means that children are dependent on their families for much longer period, in some cases staying at home with their parents until they are in their late twenties or thirties. The fights still include a few people living in the classic nuclear family form. Nevertheless, more commonly, Australian children live in families where both their mothers and fathers share their paid work and family responsibilities.So there is much greater freedom about what kind of families Australians create, much greater equality between men and women, and greater equality between gay and straight families. However, these new freedoms operate in a work economy that has not yet fully adapted to meet their needs. The “nine to five” work day, or sometimes the “nine to seven o’clock work day”, puts strains on families with babies or dependent children whose school day ends at four o’clock. So one of the major problems that Australian fathers and mothers experience today is just now to balance work and family life. The total numbers of hours that parents spend on paid and unpaid work is increasing and this can place strains on both parents. In addition, as health care improves, enabling disabled and aging family members to live longer, the unpaid work of caring for the family increases. Moreover, although 20% of lesbians and up to 10% of gay men are parents, these single sex families not only face the same “work/ family balance” problems, but face a range of other issues in work and in the community.Complete gender equality has still not been achieved as it is mainly women who have the major responsibility for the unpaid caring work for children and other dependents. This often means that it is women who have breaks in their careers just when promotions to the next levels of their occupations are opening up. However, these are problems that are on the agenda today. It is no longer taken for granted that family and work life are separate issues. The government funds two major research institutes: HILDA, (the Household and Labor Dynamicis Institute) and the AIFS (the Australian Institute of Family Studies). Both constantly research the problems of the intersection of family and work life today and make recommendations about the ways in which these problems could be addressed. Similarly there are several political lobby groups who raise the issues about the problems that people in same sex families face in adopting and raising children.。
北京语言大学22春“英语”《英语国家概况(Ⅱ)》作业考核题库高频考点版(参考答案)试题号2
北京语言大学22春“英语”《英语国家概况(Ⅱ)》作业考核题库高频考点版（参考答案）一.综合考核(共50题)1.In the early 15th century, the British took over the continent of Australia and declared it “terra nullius”.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B2.Horse-racing is a very popular sport among the Irish because they can place a bet for the occasion.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B3.Forty years ago, almost three quarters of existing schools were “confessional”, that is, associated with one Christian sect or another.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B4.The Irish Government has the sole power of making laws for the state.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：Avoted for the legal provision of porce.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B6.The President of Ireland is only a symbolic Head of State and does not have executive power.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B7.In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak _____.A.GermanB.FrenchC.Mandarin ChineseD.Cantonese参考答案：D8.Who is the Prime Minister of Canada at present?A.Justin TrudeauB.Pierre TrudeauC.Jean Chirac参考答案：A9.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of _____.A.the settlers of VirginiaB.the people of PennsylvaniaC.the colonists in New EnglandD.the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution10.The convicts Elizabeth and James Ruse became the first successful farming family in Australia.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B11.What is the idea behind checks and balances?A.To help the president get more powerB.To restrict governmental power and prevent its abuseC.To help the Congress to derive more authorities参考答案：B12.Which of the following is a tourist attraction in the United States?A.Yellowstone National ParkB.The Babylon GardenC.The English castleD.The coral reefs参考答案：A13.The Greensboro students “sit-in” was believe to be the beginning of the civil rights movement.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A14.B.No参考答案：A15.Which of the following writers is a Canadian?A.Emily BronteB.Kate ChopinC.Margaret Atwood参考答案：C16.While the English are largely protestant, the Irish of the Republic largely belong to the Roman Catholic faith.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B17.In more recent years, partly through Canadian diplomatic efforts, things like ______ and ______ have been put on the international agenda.A.arms control, human rightsB.economic crisis, inequalityanized crime, drug traffickingD.women'issues, the environment参考答案：D18.What are the original inhabitants of Canada now called?A.The IndiansB.The First NationsC.The Eskimos参考答案：B19.Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?A.The growth of capitalismB.The RenaissanceC.The Religious ReformationD.The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church参考答案：D20.In September 1961, the federal government declared segregation illegal in all interstate bus stations which served buses traveling to another state.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B21.The novel The English Patient is written by ____.A.a British writerB.a Canadian writer参考答案：B22.Australian government departments are administered only by the authority of the elected Ministers.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A23.Christianity was introduced into Ireland by the Normans in the 6th century.()A.错误参考答案：A24.Canadian economy is a _____.A.resource-based economyB.agricultural economyC.tourism economy参考答案：A25.Former President Nixon remarked on several occasions that drug abuse is American's “number one enemy” and that “we must declare war against it.”()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B26.Prime Minister _____ once said that the U.S.-Canada relationship was was like “a rel ationship between two farmers”.A.Louis urentB.Wilfred LaurierC.Lester PearsonD.John a. Macdonald参考答案：A27.The Stevens family was known for their contribution to which of the following?A.AirplaneB.SteamboatsC.Cotton gin参考答案：BWhat is not an example of service industry?A.Legal consultingB.BankingC.Hotels and restaurantsputer manufacturing参考答案：D29.The Prime Minister and his Cabinet at federal level is the acknowledged center of Australian parliamentary power.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B30.By the 16th century, some new and powerful social forces began to emerge which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of American, i.e., the development of capitalism, the Renaissance and the Religious Reformation.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B31.After Legal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement, and racism is no longer an extremely serious social, political problem in the U.S.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A32.The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, which combined carding, roving and spinning operation.()A.错误参考答案：B33.Canada has two official languages: English and French. Where do most of the French-speaking people live in Canada?A.QuebecB.AlbertaC.Ontario参考答案：A34.The Yellowstone National Park was established in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A35.Mark Twain is the author's?A.real nameB.a pen name参考答案：B36.Alexander Hamilton is the second Secretary of Treasure of the United States.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：A37.Which of the following provinces is the home of most French-speaking people in Canada?A.ManitobaD.Quebec参考答案：D38.Canada is a member of ____.A.NATOB.the CommonwealthC.both NATO and the Commonwealth参考答案：C39.Protestantism has been the most dominant form. of religion in Australia over the first two hundred years of modern Australia society.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B40.Racial segregation in elementaryand secondary education was banished in the United States after World War Ⅱ.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B41.Three of the most famous primitive tribes living in the American continent created such brilliant civilizations. They are ______.A.the Aztecs, the Incas and the MayasB.the Iroquois, the Pueblo, and the Pima IndiansC.Yadkin, Coles Creeks, and Smoky Hills参考答案：A42.Up until 1970's the Irish economy was inward-looking.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B43.Another piano style, which was emerging in Chicago in the late 1920's and early 1930's, was called _____.A.boogie-woogieB.ragtimeC.folk music参考答案：C44.The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B45.Toni Morrison (1931-) won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993. She is the first African-American writer to receive this honor.()A.错误B.正确参考答案：B46.Convicts' wives in England were discouraged from following their husbands to Australia.()A.错误B.正确书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她47.The Niagara Falls is located on the border of the United States with ____.A.MexicoB.ColumbiaC.PanamaD.Canada参考答案：D48.Former President Ronald Reagan used to be a ____.A.basketball playerB.sports radio announcerC.conservative political columnistD.sports writer参考答案：B49.When did industrialization take place in the United States?A.Around 1776B.Around the turn of the 19th centuryC.Around the turn of the 20th centuryD.After World War II参考答案：C50.Who is the head of Canadian government?ernor generalB.Prime ministerC.Premier参考答案：B。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit 16 Religion in Australia Today (澳大利亚现行的宗教信仰)一、本单元重点内容1. Protestantism and Capitalism(新教和资本主义)2. Anglicanism and its decline(英国国教和它的衰败)3. Catholicism（天主教）4. Religion in a consumerist society（主张消费的社会的宗教信仰）Fundamentalism and evangelicalism(原教旨主义和福音主义)Secularism（世俗主义）5. Non-Christian religions in Australia(澳大利亚的基督教以外的宗教)6. Sport as a national religion(体育运动是澳大利亚的民族信仰)二、本单元重、难点辅导1. Protestantism and Capitalism(新教和资本主义)Protestantism is the most dominant form of religion in modern Australian society. It was the religion of governing colonial class in Australia. It promotes values such as rationalism, individualism, hard work, worldly success and asceticism. Though its values are paradoxical(相互矛盾), they fit well with the principles of Capitalism, and support the development of Capitalism.新教是现代澳大利亚社会最主要的宗教形式。
它曾经是殖民统治阶级的宗教。
它提倡理性主义、个人主义、勤奋工作、追求现世成功和禁欲主义的宗教价值观。
虽然这些价值观相互之间有些矛盾，但与资本主义的原则相吻合，支持资本主义的发展。
（*The compulsion to create wealth but not to spend it fits well with one principle of capitalism: that the primary purpose of profit is re-investment. The consequent further enlargement of one’s capital then fits the other essential capitalist principle of the necessity for growth.创造财富但不奢侈浪费的冲动与资本主义的一条原则相吻合：那就是，赚取利润的首要目的是再投资。
这会带来资本的进一步增加，从而也就符合资本主义的另一条有关增长的需要的重要法则。
）2. Anglicanism and its decline (英国国教/圣公会和它的衰败) (圣公会是新教的分支) Anglicanism was the religion of the British colonizers as well as the convicts and freesettlers(自由定居者). It was the dominant religion in Australia throughout the 19th and most of the 20th centuries. It has lost its demographic supremacy to Catholicism.圣公会是英国殖民者的宗教信仰，也是罪犯和自由定居者的宗教. 在整个19世纪和20世纪的大部分时间，圣公会都是澳大利亚占主导地位的宗教形式，但是现在它已经失去了其信徒人数最多的地位，输给了天主教。
3. Catholicism（天主教）Australian Catholicism was transported to the colony with the convicts. In the second half of the 19th century, the Catholics from Ireland played an important role in establishing the working class culture in Australia and in creating unionism and the political party (the Australian Labor Party) that represented the working class. The Catholicism has replaced Anglicanism as the mostdemographic dominant (信徒人数最多的) religious group. Catholic schools today play an important part in Australian education system.澳大利亚的天主教是随罪犯被运输到这片殖民地的。
在19世纪后半叶，来自爱尔兰的天主教徒，在建立澳大利亚新型的工人阶级文化中起到了重要作用，他们参与建立了工会制度，并成立了代表劳工阶层的政党---澳大利亚工党. 天主教徒已经取代了圣公会成为了信徒人数最多的宗教形式。
如今的天主教学校在澳大利亚教育体系中有着重要的地位。
* Catholics, working class Protestants and Secularists combined to establish unionism and to create the Australian Labor Party. (天主教徒、工人阶级中的新教教徒和非教徒联合起来建立了工会制度，并组成了澳大利亚工党。
)4. Religion in a consumerist society（主张消费的社会的宗教信仰）In the era of consumerism, the modernist values that stem from Protestantism conflict with the necessity to encourage people away from thriftiness towards continual self-indulgence. This shift to a globalized consumerist economy, based on the r ejection of “what was”, affected religious commitment in Australia.在消费主义时代，由新教的节俭禁欲发展出来的一些现代主义价值观与提倡人们不要节俭，应该不断进行自我放纵的社会需要产生了冲突。
这种朝着建立在抛弃“旧观念”基础之上的全球消费主义经济的转变影响了澳大利亚的宗教信仰。
One outcome has been the growth of fundamentalist religions in Australia.1) Fundamentalism and evangelicalism(原教旨主义和福音主义)Fundamentalism is basically a commitment to conservatism. Fundamentalism is often found in societies that are undergoing rapid changes, where Fundamentalists want to maintain or create what was the fundamental values of an earlier culture. The Protestant Evangelical churches share the fundamentalist values.原教旨主义主要致力于保守主义。
原教旨主义经常在正在经历快速变化的社会中出现。
原教旨主义是要维持或创造早期文化的最根本的价值观念。
新教福音派教会信奉原教旨主义的价值观.(* Fundamentalism is not confined to any one religious belief原教旨主义不局限于任何一种形式上的宗教. In Australia, there are fundamentalist forms of Protestantism, Catholicism, Islam, and Judaism. Nor is fundamentalism confined to religion. Fundamentalist and evangelical Christians tend to go to church more than people who commit to Anglicanism and Catholicism.) 2) Secularism（世俗主义）There is a steady increase in the number of people who have no formal commitment to any religion. Most of the people do not attend church services regularly today. However Australia still can be seen as a religious society, instead of a secular society, as over three quarters of the Australian population is associated with some form of religion.没有正式的宗教信仰的人数稳步上升。
如今大多数澳大利亚人不再定期地参加教会的礼拜仪式。
然而，澳大利亚仍然被看作是一个宗教社会，因为3 /4的澳大利亚人与某种形式的宗教有关系。
5. Non-Christian religions in Australia(澳大利亚的基督教以外的宗教)1) Buddhism佛教: The 1st documented arrival of Buddhists in Australia was that of the Chinese Buddhists. In proportional terms, Buddhism is the fastest growing religion in Australia.2) Islam伊斯兰教: The 1st Muslims to come to Australia were Afghan camel drivers.（第一批到达澳大利亚的伊斯兰教徒是赶骆驼的阿富汗人。