8D报告培训资料

A CAR/8D Report is a method to document, communicate, track and drive resolutions for quality issues. CAR/8D是针对品质问题而进行文件化、沟通、追踪及解决 问题的方法。 An 8D report is Ford Motor Company’s format for problem solving. It is the preferred method used throughout our industry. CAR/8D报告是福特公司解决问题的格式。它是我们所有行 业首选的解决问题的方法。
5/30/2002 Rev. Orig 8D Training 12
D3 Containment Example D3 围堵措施案例
• Poor Containment 差劲的围堵措施 – “Operator was alerted of the failure.” –让操作工提防/注意此不良 • Good Containment 完美的围堵措施 – “Production and warehouse material was inspected on 4/1/02 by J. Smith (quality assurance personnel) and there were 0 lots out of 320 containing mixed devices.” – J. Smith（质量保证人员）于4/1/02检查了生产线及仓库 材料
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8 Disciplines to Problem Solving 解决问题的8 解决问题的8个准则
• • • • • • • • D1 Establish a Team 组建问题解决小组 D2 Describe the Problem 描述问题 D3 Contain the problem 采取围堵措施（即短期对策） D4 Identify the root causes 识别/确认根本原因（真因） D5 Corrective Actions 确认纠正措施 D6 Implement Corrective Actions 实施纠正措施（即长期对策） D7 Prevent Recurrence 防止再发 D8 Congratulate the Team 小组庆祝
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8D Training
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D2 Describe the Problem Elements D2 描述问题要素
• What is the Problem? Describe the failure mode. 问题是什么? 描述失效模式 • Where was it detected? 问题是在哪里被发现? • When was it detected? 问题是什么时候被发现? • What lots/date codes are affected? 被影响的批次/日期码是那些? • How many pieces are affected? 被影响的数量是多少? • Is the Customer information included? 是否包含客户信息?
5/30/2002 Rev. Orig 8D Training 7
D2 Describe the Problem D2 描述问题
• Clearly Identify and Define the Problem. 明确识别和定义问题 • In many cases Problems are ambiguous or imprecise. 在许多案例中，问题是模棱两可或不明确的 • Clarity ensures that everyone is trying to solve the same Problem. 明确问题可确保任何人将尽力去解决问题
5/30/2002 Rev. Orig 8D Training
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CUSTOMER 8D EXPECTATION 客户应用8D的期望
• • • • • • • • Immediate Containment. 采取迅速的围堵措施（短期对策） Clear identification of Root Cause. 真正识别问题产生的根本原因（真因） Robust Corrective Actions. 充分的纠正措施 Verified Corrective Actions. 验证纠正措施 System fixes. 系统化（即纠正措施标准化或文件化） 100% On-time response. 100%准时反应（即及时解决问题，准时回复客户） Eliminate the problems the first time. 做到第一次就消除问题所在 Prevention of future problems. 实现潜在问题的预防
8D Training 3
5/30/2002 Rev. Orig
CAR/8D Report Problems 完成CAR/8D报告存在的问题 完成CAR/8D报告存在的问题
• Not identifying the true processes, escape, and system root causes. 没有识别出过程、流出（逃脱）及系统的根本原因（真因） • Not implementing system corrective actions. 没有实施系统性纠正措施 • Not properly containing entire pipeline of product. 没有针对产品的所有流程采取正确的围堵措施 • Unclear or ambiguous wording. 对问题采取的不明确或模棱两可的描述 • Not meeting customer expectations regarding content and cycle time.
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8D Training
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D1 Establish Team D1 组建问题解决小组
• Establish Cross Functional Team. 建立跨功能小组 • Identify a Champion. 确定小组长 • Members should be from all affected areas, not just quality! i.e. Sales, Logistics, Marketing, Engineering, Line Operators, Production Mgmt., etc… 小组成员应来自于所有被涉及区域，并非只是质量部 ！如销售、物流、市场、工程、生产线操作工、生产 管理等等······ • The Team should ask themselves do they have the correct skill mix to solve the problem? 小组应询问自己是否具有解决问题所必需的能力?
Vishay Customer Corrective Action Request (CAR) Guidelines Vishay《客户纠正措施要求CAR》 Vishay《客户纠正措施要求CAR》应用指南
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8D Training
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What is a CAR/ 8D? 何谓CAR/8D 何谓CAR/8D ?
不符合客户关于内容及回复时间的要求
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8D Training
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CAR/8D Requirements CAR/8D的要求 CAR/8D的要求
• All corrective action requests must be completed using an 8D report (unless a different method is required by Customer). 所有的《纠正措施要求》必须采用8D报告形式（除非 客户要求采用不同的方法 • Must use Corporate format. 必须采用Vishay公司的格式 • Must use 8D checklist as a guideline in completing the 8D’s. 在完成报告的过程中必须采用8D检查表进行检查
5/30/2002 Rev. Orig 8D 11
D3 Containment Elements D3 围堵措施要素
• Has an effective containment method been identified and documented? 是否有有效的围堵方法已经被确定和文件化? • Have dates (or date codes) for temporary containment actions been identified? 是否已经确定了临时围堵措施实施的日期（日期码）? • Have actions been verified with before and after data? 是否已经验证了围堵措施实施前后的效果? • Has the entire pipeline been contained (production, warehouse, distributors)? 是否对产品的所有流程采取了围堵措施（如生产线、仓库及发 货员）? • Has detailed instructions on containment been issued to people responsible for containment? 是否给负责实施围堵措施的人员发放了详细的围堵作业指导书?
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D2 Describe the Problem Examples D2 描述问题案例
• Poor Problem Description 差劲的问题描述 – “Customer received wrong part.” – 客户接收到错误零件 • Good Problem Description 完美的问题描述 – “Customer received incorrect value CRCW-0603 resistors on 4/1/02. Customer P.O. 441960 (Vishay P.O. X765644-30) specified CRCW-0603, 8.2K ohm and received CRCW-0603, 82K ohm parts.” – 客户在4/1/02接收到阻值错误的CRCW-63电阻。客户 订单号码441960（ Vishay订单号码X765644-30）指 定的CRCW-63电阻的阻值为8.2欧姆，而收到的 CRCW-63电阻的阻值为82欧姆。