新编实用英语教程24分析解析
新编实用英语语法(删减版含答案)
一、英语句子结构一、简单句的6种基本结构简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。
①Li Hui and Li Hua went there together.②She went out, bought a bottle of wine and returned hurriedly.1.主谓结构：主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。
本结构是由主语加不及物动词或短语构成,常用来表示主语的动作。
2.主谓宾结构：主语+及物动词+宾语（S+Vt+O）。
其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词（词组）。
宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。
3.双宾语结构：主语+及物谓语动词（词组）+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）(S+Vt+IO+DO) 如：He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for，如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, write, ask,等。
（需借助for 的）buy, call, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等4．复合结构：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt+O+C）。
宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。
可以用做宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词。
新编实用英语教程课件
Word formation
The courseware teachers how to form new words by adding prefixes, suffixes, or combining root words to expand vocabulary
01 Course Introduction
Course objectives
Developing students' English listening, speaking, reading, writing, and translation skills
Helping students understand and use English in real world scenarios
New Practical English Tutorial Courseware
目 录
• Course Introduction • Basic English knowledge • Practical English skills • English cultural background • Course evaluation and feedback
and "w"
03
Reading around
The courseware pr源自vides exercises and practice materials to
help students read English words and sentences around with
《新编英语语法教程》(第6版)答案24
新编英语语法教程第24讲练习参考答案Ex. 24A1. favourable2. plentiful3. momentous4. hurried5. valuable6. thoughtful7. mischievous 8. spiced 9. dependable10. restful 11. disastrous 12. packaged13. breakable 14. mournful 15. courteous16. fenced 17. laughable 18. forgetful19. dangerous 20. lined 21. preferable22. powerful 23. mountainous 24. striped25. lovable 26. doubtful 27. mysterious28. coloured 29. agreeable 30. truthful31. melodious 32. detailed 33. noticeable34. hopeful 35. courageous 36. different37. patient 38. independent 39. important40. urgentEx. 24B1. well-read2. well-behaved3. over-cautious4. well-equipped5. overloaded6. well-trained7. tear-filled 8. storm-battered 9. Fur-lined10. well-worm 11. over-excited 12. well-informed 13. horse-drawn 14. well-developed 15. ink-stained16. hard-topped 17. smoke-filled 18. snow-covered 19. Blue-eyed 20. grief-strickenEx. 24C1. This is a piece of very alarming news.2. That was a most astonishing story.3. They are well-behaved children.4. There were many bored faces in the room.5. Don’t play with the burning candle.6. This is a very encouraging report.7. This will be a lasting agreement.8. We have a limited supply of fuel.9. Those are reserved seats.10. This lawyer has a number of very satisfied clients.11. That was a totally unexpected result.12. These are very worrying circumstances.13. The writer made his point with terrifying emphasis.14. Sheila is the adopted daughter of a well-known writer.15. He gave a boring lecture.Ex. 24D1. beautiful long hair2. a lovely green hilly slope3. the unusual new Chinese restaurant4. the cloudy gray morning sky5. a very large steel bridge6. three very healthy, intelligent children / three healthy, very intelligent children7. new black oak furniture8. the first ten cardboard boxes9. a very important political speech10. Twenty original African wood carvings11. a rather fascinating electronic device12. My brother’s first long public concert13. A really beautiful pale pink sunset14. a rather difficult Indian language15. that big, new classical-style house16. delicious white French wine / delicious French white wine17. my large black Japanese car18. three very comfortable dark blue chairs19. many huge industrial buildings20. a small modern agricultural laboratoryEx. 24E1. The Countess was amused at…2. He was annoyed at the way…3. Everybody was astonished at…4. He was obviously not bothered with…5. He was not contented wi th…6. The Countess, however, eas delighted with…7. I am not disappointed in / with you.8. Don’t get excited by…9. He was fascinated by…10. He was already interested in…11. The Countess was very pleased with…12. She was complet ely satisfied with…13. … she had been shocked by…14. His old father would have been surprised at…15. Now, his father would not have been worried about…Ex. 24F1. We are adamant that you should resign.2. We are afraid that you have…3. I’m ashamed that you should have behaved…4. I an certain that there will be…5. We are concerned that you should feel…6. It is curious that you should say…7. We’re delighted that you see…8. It is essential that you should hav e…9. The Captain is furious that you (should have) revealed…10. We feel greatly honoured that you (should) have received us…11. Everyone is insistent that we should prolong…12. We are greatly relieved that we shall have…13. I’m not sure yet that I’ll be able to come…14. Is it true (that) you should said that?15. I’m surprised (that) you don’t know…。
TPO 24阅读+答案+解析
TPO 241. The phrase So much in the passage refers toA.the negative effects of overland flow,rain, and evaporation on river waterlevelsB.water that a lake loses to outflowingrivers, to the lake bed, and to evaporationC.the importance of rivers to themaintenance of lake water levelsD.the information given about ways thatwater can enter or exit a lake2. The word gains in the passage is closest in meaning toA.resultsB.increasesC.resourcesD.savings3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the movement of water into a lake?A.Heavy rain accounts for most of thewater that enters into lakes.B.Rainfall replaces approximately theamount of water lost through evaporation.C.Overland flow into lakes is reduced bythe presence of forests.D.Seepage has a smaller effect on waterlevel than any other input.4. Why does the author use the phrase Note the word "net" in the passage?A.To emphasize the impact of seepage onwater levelsB.To point out that seepage is calculateddifferently from river flows and atmospheric exchangesC.To compare the different methods ofLake WaterWhere does the water in a lake come from, and how does water leave it? Water enters a lake from inflowing rivers, from underwater seeps and springs, from overland flow off the surrounding land, and from rain falling directly on the lake surface. Water leaves a lake via outflowing rivers, by soaking into the bed of the lake, and by evaporation. So much is obvious.The questions become more complicated when actual volumes of water are considered: how much water enters and leaves by each route? Discovering the inputs and outputs of rivers is a matter of measuring the discharges of every inflowing and outflowing stream and river. Then exchanges with the atmosphere are calculated by finding the difference between the gains from rain, as measured (rather roughly) by rain gauges, and the losses by evaporation, measured with model s that correct for the other sources of water loss. For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect. Changes in lake level not explained by river flows plus exchanges with the atmosphere must be due to the net difference between what seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater. Note the word "net": measuring the actual amounts of groundwater seepage into the lake and out of the lake is a much more complicated matter than merely inferring their difference. Once all this information has been gathered, it becomes possible to judge whether acalculating seepageD.To emphasize the difficulty of obtainingspecific values for seepage inputs and outputs5. The word Conversely meaning toA.on the other handB.in the same wayC.in other wordsD.on average6. According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes a seepage-dominated lake?A. A lake that is fed by streams but still hasfluctuating water levelsB. A lake with a constant water level thathas no streams or rivers as inputsC. A lake with a stream flowing into it anda stream flowing out of itD. A lake that has surface and undergroundinputs but loses water during dry seasons7. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lakeA.depends entirely upon the averagespeed of a lake' s currentsB.can be measured by the volume of thelake aloneC.can be greater or lesser than theresidence timeD.is similar to the length of time all othermolecules remain in that lake8. According to paragraph 5, Lake Erie's residence time is lower than Lake Ontario's for which of the following lake’s flow i s mainly due to its surface inputs and outputs or to its underground inputs and outputs. If the former are greater, the lake is a surface-water-dominated lake; if the latter, it is a seepage-dominated lake. Occasionally, common sense tells you whi ch of these two possibilities applies. For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, whi ch dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated.By whatever means, a lake is constantly gaining water and losing water: its water does not just sit there, or, anyway, not for long. This raises the matter of a lake’s residence time. The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake, and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at whi ch water leaves the lake. The residence time i s an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took:it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time. Residence times vary enormously. They range from a few days for small lakes up to several hundred years for large ones; Lake Tahoe, in California, has a residence time of 700 years. The residence times for the Great Lakes of North Ameri ca, namely, Lakes Superior, Mi chigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, are, respectively, 190,100,22,2.5, and 6 years. Lake Erie’s is the lowest: although its area is larger than Lake Ontario’ s, its volume i s less than one-thi rd as great because i t i s so shallow-less than 20 metersreasons?ke Erie has a larger area than LakeOntario.ke Ontario is shallower than LakeErie.ke Ontario has a greater volume thanLake Erie.ke Erie receives less rainfall thanLake Ontario.9. Why does the author discuss the Great Lakes in paragraph 5?A.To demonstrate the extent to whichresidence times vary from lake to lake B.To illustrate how residence times arecalculated for specific lakesC.To argue that the residence time of alake increases with areaD.To emphasize that Lake Tahoe' sresidence time is unusually long10. According to paragraph 5, major ceremonial events were occasions forA.leaders to persuade people from thecountryside to move into a puebloB.farmers to collect information aboutwhere crops could be reliably grown C.people to develop better techniques forproducing pottery and craftsD.people in the early Puebloan era toshare farm and craft products11. According to paragraph 6, which of the following explains the increase in residence northwestern Ontario?A.The amount of water flowing into thelakes has increased.B.The rate of evaporation has decreasedmore sharply than the amount of rainfall.C.The renewal of the lakes' water hasslowed due to changes in climate.D.Plants have required less water from thelakes. on average.A given lake’s residence time is by no means a fixed quantity. It depends on the rate at whi ch water enters the lake, and that depends on the rainfall and the evaporation rate. Climatic change (the result of global warming?) is dramatically affecting the residence times of some lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada. In the period 1970 to 1986, rainfall in the area decreased from 1,000 millimeters to 650 millimeters per annum, while above-average temperatures speeded up the evapotranspiration rate (the rate at whi ch12. According to paragraph 6, residence time is affected by all of the following EXCEPTA.amount of rainfallB.rate of evaporationC.temperature of surrounding airD.concentration of chemicals in lakewater13. Look at the four squares III that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Of course, a lake may be neither surface-water-nor seepage-dominated if, for example, its inputs are predominantly surface and its outputs are predominantly seepage. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.14.Water enters, remains, and eventually leaves a lake in a variety of ways.A.By measuring the water quantities ateach of a lake's inputs and outputs, it can be determined whether water entersthe lake mainly from surface or groundwater sources.B.Changes in lake level and volume arecaused principally by the amount ofevaporation of water into the atmosphere.C.It is sometimes possible to decidewhether a lake is surface water dominated or seepage dominated bysimple observation at different seasons.D.The average period of time thatmolecules of water spend in a lake—the residence time—varies from lake to lake and overtime within a particular lake.E.The residence times ofsurface-water-dominated lakes are usually longer than those of seepage-dominated lakes.F.The residence time of a lake frequently water is lost to the atmosphere through evaporation and the processes of plant life). The result has been that the residence time of one of the lakes increased from 5 to 18 years during the study period. Thesl owi ng down of water renewal l eads to a chai n of further consequences; i t causes di ssol ved chemi cal s to become increasingly concentrated, and this, in turn, has a marked effect on all living things in the lake.Once all this information has been gathered, it becomes possible to judge whether a lake’s flow is mainly due to its surface inputs and outputs or to its underground inputs and outputs. [■] If the former are greater, the lake is a surface-water-dominated lake; if the latter, it is a seepage-dominated lake. [■] Occasionally, common sense tells you which of these two possibilities applies. [■] For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the streamdepends on the kinds of organisms to be found in the lake. dries up, is clearly surface water dominated. [■]1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following can be inferred about the diaphragm during sleep?A.During sleep the diaphragm requiresincreased movement of the rib cage. B.The diaphragm helps with breathing asmovements of the rib cage decrease during sleep.C.The diaphragm requires a great amountof pressure to function properly.D.The diaphragm contributes to theeffective functioning of the rib cage.2. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the voluntary breathing system EXCEPT:A.It has its control center in the brainstem.B.It controls breathing for a number ofactivities during wakefulness.C.It is able to bypass the automaticsystem.D.It produces an irregular breathingpattern.3. The word exclusive in the passage is closest in meaning toA.consistentB.perfectC.partialD.sole4. According to paragraph 3, which of the following may occur just before NREM sleep begins?Breathing During Sleep Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. Y et because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more diffi cult for the diaphragm to do its job. However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. The first is an automati c, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automati c, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.During NREM (the phase of sleep in which there is no rapid eye movement) breathing becomes deeper and more regular, but there is also a decrease in the breathing rate, resulting in less air being exchanged overall. This occurs because during NREM sleep the automati c, metabolic system has exclusive control over breathing and the body uses less oxygen and produces less carbon dioxide. Also, during sleep the automaticA.The automatic, metabolic system mayincrease its dependence on air exchanges.B.Breathing can stop for a short time as aperson falls asleep.C.An increase in the oxygen level in theblood can occur as sleep becomes fully obtained.D.The level of carbon dioxide in the bloodmay drop suddenly.5. What is the author's purpose in stating that inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon?A.To refute the argument that additionaleffort is necessary for breathing during sleepB.To argue that REM sleep is moreimportant than NREM sleepC.To illustrate the difficulty of breathingduring sleepD.To illustrate how blockage of narrowpassages can be prevented during sleep6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as being characteristic of breathing during sleep EXCEPTA.relaxation of the muscles involved inthe respiratory systemB.changes in resistance between the twosides of the noseC.easier airflow in the passages of theupper airwayD.absence of certain complex muscleinteractions metabolic system is less responsive to carbon dioxide levels and oxygen levels in the blood. Two things result from these changes in breathing control that occur during sleep. First, there may be a brief cessation or reduction of breathing when falling asleep as the sleeper waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness and their differing control mechanisms. Second, once sleep is fully obtained, there is an increase of carbon dioxide and a decrease of oxygen in the blood that persists during NREM.But that is not all that changes. During all phases of sleep, several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the effi ciency of the muscles used for breathing. Some of the muscles that help keep the upper airway open when breathing tend to become more relaxed during sleep, especially during REM (the phase of sleep in whi ch there is rapid eye movement). Without this muscular action, inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages tend to collapse. Also there is a regular cycle of change in resistance between the two sides of the nose. If something blocks the "good" side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then resistance increases dramatically. Coupled with these factors i s the loss of the complex interactions among the muscles7. According to paragraph 5, what happens during NREM sleep when inhaling is difficult? A.There is an immediate, automatic,adaptive increase in breathing effort. B.The sleeping person takes severalinadequate breaths before the breathing effort is adjusted.C.The coughing reflex causes thebreathing effort to adjust.D.The airways become cleared as theblood removes irritants.8. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that a very mild irritation during sleep will likely cause the sleeping person toA.increase the breathing effortB.wake up and remove the source ofirritationC.cough while still sleepingD.stop breathing temporarily while stillsleeping9. The word considerable meaning toA.significantB.SteadyualD.necessary10. The word resume in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reduceB.stopC.ReadjustD.restart11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Because breathing is more shallow andirregular in REM than in NREM, less that can change the route of airflow from nose to mouth.Other respiratory regulating mechanisms apparently cease functioning during sleep. For example, during wakefulness there is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort when inhaling is made more difficult (such as breathing through a restrictive face mask). This reflexive adjustment is totally absent during NREM sleep. Only after several inadequate breaths under such conditions, resulting in the considerable elevation of carbon dioxide and reduction of oxygen in the blood, is breathing effort adjusted. Finally, the coughing reflex in reaction to irritants in the airway produces not a cough during sleep but a cessation of breathing. If the irritation is severe enough, a sleeping person will arouse, clear the airway, then resume breathing and likely return to sleep. Additional breathing changes occur during REM sleep that are even more dramatic than the changes that occur during NREM. The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than NREM because, although breathing is more rapid in REM,it is also more i rregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing. In addition, breathing during REM depends much more on the action of the diaphragm and much less on rib cage action.paragraph1: Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. [■] Y et because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. [■] However, there are many other changes thatair is exchanged in REM.B.Breathing in NREM is less effectivethan breathing in REM because of irregular episodes of rapid breathing during NREM.C.Because breathing is more rapid inNREM sleep than in REM sleep, breathing often becomes shallow.D.Although REM has brief episodes ofshallow breathing or lack of breathing, breathing is more rapid than in NREM.12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.T o better und erstand breathing during sleep, it is, however, helpful to first understand how respiration works in general.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage1.Directions: From the seven statements below, select the statements that correctly characterize breathing during wakefulness and those statements that correctly characterize breathing during sleep. Drag each answer choice you select into the appropriate box of the table. Two of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points.●Wakefulness●SleepAnswer ChoicesA.The role of the rib cage increases andthe role of the diaphragm decreases. B.Carbon dioxide in blood rises andoxygen drops.C.The coughing reflex is extremelycomplex.D. A great deal of effort is used forbreathing.E.Upper airways are resistant to colds andallergies. affect respiration when asleep. paragraph2: [■] During wakefulness, breathing i s controlled by two interacting systems. [■]The first is an automati c, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system i s the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It i s capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.F.There is a drop in the volume of air thatis exchanged.G.Automatic and voluntary respiratorysystems are both involved.1. The word traumatic meaning toA.EssentialB.highly stressfulC.highly unusualD.unwise2. The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning toA.strongB.questionableC.obviousD.deliberate3. According to paragraph 1, before the thirteenth century the people of southwestern North America lived inA.households thatB.occupied dwellings that were built intothe sides of cliffsC.were largely free to conduct their livesas they pleasedD.enforced common standards ofbehavior and cooperative conduct within their communities4. Which of the following best indicates the organization of paragraph 1?A.It presents the conditions that caused achange in a population' s living patterns and then explains why those conditions got worse.B.It identifies certain present-day culturaltraditions and rules and then traces them to their roots in the thirteenth century.C.It casts doubt on one explanation of themove to pueblos and then introduces an alternative explanation that the passage will defend.D.It describes a major change in apopulation' s living patterns and then presents a number of problems that resulted from that change.Moving into PueblosIn the Mesa V erde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs. Abandoning small extended-family households to move into these large pueblos with dozens i f not hundreds of other people was probably traumatic. Few of the cultural traditions and rules that today allow us to deal with dense populations existed for these people accustomed to household autonomy and the ability to move around the landscape almost at will. And besides the awkwardness of having to share walls with neighbors, living in aggregated pueblos introduced other problems. For people in cliff dwellings, hauling water, wood, and food to their homes was a major chore. The stress on local resources, especially in the firewood needed for daily cooking and warmth, was particularly intense, and conditions in aggregated pueblos were not very hygienic.Given all the disadvantages of living in aggregated towns, why did people in the thirteenth century move into these closely packed quarters? For transitions of such suddenness, archaeologists consider either pull factors (benefits that drew families together) or push factors (some external threat or crisis that forced people to aggregate). In this case, push explanations dominate.Population growth i s considered a parti cularly influential push. After several generations of population growth, people packed the landscape in densities so high that communal pueblos may have been a necessary outcome. Around Sand Canyon, for example, populations grew from 5 -125. According to paragraph 3, which of the following was one of the consequences of increasing population densities?A.People were increasingly crowded intocollections of large housing units.B.People stopped planting crops that haverelatively low yields.C.Domestic buildings were pushedbeyond the canyon limits.D.The natural landscape was destroyed.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Some scholars even claim that theintensification of farmers' various efforts during the 1200s led to further population growth and the consequent need for more arable land.B.Evidence of intensifying agriculture inthe 1200s indicates a need to feed a larger population and so extends the argument that a growing population was the cause of the move to pueblos.C.○During the 1200s, farmers met thedemand for more arable land, but they also succeeded in cultivating existing land more intensively with the help of agricultural construction projects.D.○Some scholars feel strongly that theconstruction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses in the thirteenth century is independent evidence for growth in the number of people.7. The word transition in the passage is closest in meaning toA.change people per square kilometer in the tenth century to as many as 30 - 50 by the 1200s.As densities increased, domestic architecture became larger, culminating in crowded pueblos. Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s. Competition for good farmland may also have prompted people to bond together to assert rights over the best fields.Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the height of the Little Ice Age was still around the corner, some evidence suggests that temperatures were falling during the thirteenth century. The environmental changes associated with this transition are not fully understood, but people living closest to the San Juan Mountains, to the northeast of Mesa V erde, were affected first. Growing food at these elevations is always di ffi cult because of the short growing season. As the Little Ice Age progressed, farmers probably moved their fields to lower elevations, infringing on the lands of other farmers and pushing people together, thus contributing to the aggregations. Archaeologists identify a corresponding shift in populations toward the south and west toward Mesa V erde and away from higher elevations.In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa V erde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation. Sharing and cooperation were almost certainly part of early Puebloan life, even for people livingB.climateC.declineD.problem8. Why does the author state that "Growing food at these elevations is always difficult because of the short growing season"?A.To explain why the higher elevationswere always relatively sparsely populatedB.To suggest that any worsening ofconditions would have significant consequencesC.To emphasize how resourceful thepeople growing food at these elevations wereD.To argue that farming was not theprimary source of food at high elevations9. According to paragraph 4, what did farmers do in response to falling temperatures during the Little Ice Age?A.Moved to areas away from Mesa V erdeB.Moved closer to the northeastern part ofMesa V erdeC.Began to cultivate crops adapted to ashort growing seasonD.Gave up the cultivation of thehighest-lying lands10. According to paragraph 5, major ceremonial events were occasions forA.leaders to persuade people from thecountryside to move into a puebloB.farmers to collect information aboutwhere crops could be reliably grown C.people to develop better techniques forproducing pottery and craftsD.people in the early Puebloan era toshare farm and craft products11. According to paragraph 5, which of the following was a reason people in the Mesa V erde in largely independent single-household residences scattered across the landscape. Archaeologists find that even the most isolated residences during the eleventh and twelfth centuries obtained some pottery, and probably food, from some distance away, while major ceremonial events were opportunities for sharing food and crafts. Scholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy environment in which precipitation and other resources varied across the landscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops—and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction. But all of this appears to have changed thirteenth century. Although the climate remained as unpredictable as ever between one year and the next, it became much less locally diverse. In a bad year for farming, everyone was equally affected. No longer was it helpful to share widely. Instead, the most sensible thing would be for neighbors to combine efforts to produce as much food as possible, and thus aggregated towns were a sensible arrangement.。
新概念英语第二册：第24课课文详解及语法解析
新概念英语第二册：第24课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text1.I had just lost ￡50 and I felt very upset. 我刚刚丢了50英镑，感到非常烦恼。
(1)lose指“遗失”、“丢失”时，宾语一般为钱物：Don't lose your ticket/key.别把你的票/钥匙丢了。
(2)feel +形容词一般指心情“觉得……”、“感觉到……”：Do you feel hungry now?你觉得饿吗?I feel happy/excited.我觉得开心/激动。
feel upset 表示“心烦意乱、“很苦恼”。
2.The manager was sympathetic, but be could do nothing. 经理深表同情，但却无能为力。
could do nothing能够补全为 could do nothing aboutit，即关于此事他什么忙也帮不上。
do为完全动词，表示“做”、“干”。
do类似的用法还有：Is there anything I can do for you?我能给您做点什么吗?3.Everyone's losing money these days. 现在大家都在丢钱。
(1)days能够指“时期”、“时代”，如 in his boyhooddays(在他的童年时代)。
these days指“现今”。
(2)现在实行时在这里表示动作的频繁，仿佛随时都有人丢钱似的。
4.‘Well,’I said to the manager,‘there is still some honesty in thisworld!’“是啊，”我对那位经理说，“这世界上还是有诚实可言的!”well作为感叹词能够表达多种感情，如惊讶、让步等，在这里表示松了一口气(因为钱没丢)。
语法 Grammar in use复习第2～23课部分语法除了第23课语法中复习过的内容外，在第2～23课中，我们还学习了what引导的感叹句、动词的直接宾语和间接宾语、否定句的两种形式、动词和小品构成的短语动词、作形容词的现在分词与过去分词的区别等内容。
新编实用英语综合教程电子使用说明PPT学习教案
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新编实用英语综合教程电子使用说明
会计学
1
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该部分包 括课后 练习的 Comprehension Vocabulary、S tructure和Translation。 练习部 分有一 个分级 菜单与 各题链 接，教 师可进 行选择 。
Test Yourself
该部分包括以下3项内容： 1. Dictation：从A篇或B篇选择5句话 听写，既考查听力又考查拼写。 2. Blank Filling: 选词填空、给首字母 填空、填派生词或介词/副词填空，考查 词汇的掌握情况。 3. Multiple Choice: 针对本单元的目标 词汇或与四级考试相关的语法设定考点 ，巩固所学内容的同时也锻炼解题技巧 。 第15页/共20页
英语第二册Lesson24Ifcouldbeworse课程讲解
英语第二册Lesson24Ifcouldbeworse课程讲解英语第二册Lesson24Ifcouldbeworse课程讲解I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. 'I left the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. He started to plain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. 'I found this outside this gentleman's room,' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty in this world!'我走进饭店经理的办公室，坐了下来。
我刚刚丢了50英镑，感到非常烦恼。
“我把钱放在房间里，”我说，“可现在没有了。
”经理深表同情，但却无能为力。
“现在大家都在丢钱，”他说。
他开始抱怨起这个邪恶的`世道来，却被一阵敲门声打断了。
一个姑娘走了进来，把一个信封放在了他桌上。
它里面装着50英镑。
实用英语语法教程第二十四章省略与替代名师制作优质教学资料
实用英语语法教程第二十四章省略与替代名师制作优质教学资料xx年xx月xx日CATALOGUE目录•引言•省略•替代•省略与替代的运用•实用英语语法教程第二十四章省略与替代名师制作优质教学资料习题及答案•总结与展望01引言课程简介本课程将介绍英语语法中的省略与替代现象。
通过学习，本课程包括以下主题学生将了解如何在口语和书面语中正确地使用省略与替代，提高英语表达的准确性和流畅性。
1. 省略的定义和类型2. 替代的定义和类型3. 省略与替代的用法和区别4. 常见错误分析帮助学生掌握英语语法中的省略与替代现象提高学生英语口语和书面语的表达水平培养学生正确使用英语语法的习惯教学目的学习方法建议多读多写，培养语感，提高语言运用能力认真听讲，做好笔记，加深对知识点的理解积极参与课堂讨论，提出自己的观点和问题与同学互相学习，交流心得，共同进步02省略1 2 3在一些句子中，可以省略动词，尤其是当句子的主语和动词之间存在逻辑关系时。
省略动词的情况在口语中，人们常常使用省略动词的方式来简化句子，使表达更加流畅。
省略动词的用法例如，“He is coming”可以省略为“He’s coming”。
省略动词的例子03省略名词的例子例如，“I want a book”可以省略为“I want a”。
01省略名词的情况在一些句子中，可以省略名词，尤其是当句子的主语和名词之间存在逻辑关系时。
02省略名词的用法在口语中，人们常常使用省略名词的方式来简化句子，使表达更加流畅。
句子省略省略句子的用法在口语中，人们常常使用省略句子的方式来简化对话，使表达更加流畅。
省略句子的例子例如，在对话中回答“Yes, I agree”可以省略为“Yeah, I agree”。
省略句子的情况在一些对话中，可以省略整个句子，尤其是当上下文已经足够明确时。
03替代人称代词例如，在句子 "John gave Mary a book." 中，我们可以使用人称代词来替代名词，变成"He gave her a book."代词替代物主代词例如，在句子 "John read the book." 中，我们可以使用物主代词来替代名词，变成"John's book was read."关系代词例如，在句子 "The man who is tall is John." 中，关系代词 "who" 替代了名词 "theman."例如，在句子 "I know that John is tall." 中，名词性从句 "that John is tall" 替代了名词。
TPO24阅读(含答案和解析)
华联教育Lake WaterWhere does the water in a lake come from, and how does water leave it? Water enters a lake from inflowing rivers, from underwater seeps and springs, from overland flow off the surrounding land, and from rain falling directly on the lake surface. Water leaves a lake via outflowing rivers, by soaking into the bed of the lake, and by evaporation. So much is obvious.The questions become more complicated when actual volumes of water are considered: how much water enters and leaves by each route? Discovering the inputs and outputs of rivers is a matter of measuring the discharges of every inflowing and outflowing stream and river. Then exchanges with the atmosphere are calculated by finding the difference between the gains from rain, as measured (rather roughly) by ram gauges, and the losses by evaporation, measured with models that correct for the other sources of water loss. For the majority of lakes, certainly those surrounded by forests, input from overland flow is too small to have a noticeable effect. Changes in lake level not explained by river flows plus exchanges with the atmosphere must be due to the net difference between what seeps into the lake from the groundwater and what leaks into the groundwater. Note the word “net”: measuring the actual amounts of groundwater seepage into the lake and out of the lake is a much more complicated matter than merely inferring their difference.Once all this information has been gathered, it becomes possible to judge whether a lake's flow is mainly due to its surface inputs and outputs or to its underground inputs and outputs.■If the former are greater, the lake is a surface-water-dominated lake; if the latter, it is a seepage-dominated lake. ■Occasionally, common sense tells you which of these two possibilities applies. ■For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated. ■By whatever means, a lake is constantly gaining water and losing water: its water does not just sit there, or, anyway, not for long. This raises the matter of a lake's residence time. The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake, and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at which water leaves the lake. The residence time is an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took: it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.Residence times vary enormously. They range from a few days for small lakes up to several hundred years for large ones; Lake Tahoe, in California, has a residence time of 700 years. The residence times for the Great Lakes of North America, namely, Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, are, respectively, 190,100,22,2.5, and 6 years. Lake Erie's is thelowest: although its area is larger than Lake Ontario's, its volume is less than one-third as great because it is so shallow—less then 20 meters on average.A given lake's residence time is by no means a fixed quantity. It depends on the rate at which water enters the lake, and that depends on the rainfall and the evaporation rate. Climatic change (the result of global warming?) is dramatically affecting the residence times of some lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada. In the period 1970 to 1986, rainfall in the area decreased from 1,000 millimeters to 650 millimeters per annum, while above-average temperatures speeded up the evapotranspiration rate (the rate at which water is lost to the atmosphere through evaporation and the processes of plant life). The result has been that the residence time of one of the lakes increased from 5 to 18 years during the study period. The slowing down of water renewal leads to a chain of further consequences; it causes dissolved chemicals to become increasingly concentrated, and this, in turn, has a marked effect on all living things in the lake.Q1 The phrase “So much” in the passage refers toОthe negative effects of overland flow, ram, and evaporation on river water levelswater that a lake loses to outflowing rivers, to the lake bed, and to evaporationthe importance of rivers to the maintenance of lake water levelsthe information given about ways that water can enter or exit a lakeQ2 The word "gains" in the passage is closest in meaning toresultsincreasesresources 华联教育savingsQ3 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the movement of water into a lake?Heavy rain accounts for most of the water that enters into lakes.Rainfall replaces approximately the amount of water lost through evaporation.Overland flow into lakes is reduced by the presence of forests.Seepage has a smaller effect on water level than any other input.Q4 Why does the author use the phrase “Note the word "net"” in the passage?To emphasize the impact of seepage on water levelsTo point out that seepage is calculated differently from river flows and atmospheric exchangesTo compare the different methods of calculating seepageTo emphasize the difficulty of obtaining specific values for seepage inputs and outputsQ5 The word "Conversely” in the passage is closest in meaning toon the other handin the same wayin other wordson averageQ6 According to paragraph 3, which of the following best describes a seepage-dominated lake?A lake that is fed by streams but still has fluctuating water levelsA lake with a constant water level that has no streams or rivers as inputsA lake with a stream flowing into it and a stream flowing out of itA lake that has surface and underground inputs but loses water during dry seasonsQ7 ft can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lakedepends entirely upon the average speed of a lake's currentscan be measured by the volume of the lake alonecan be greater or lesser than the residence timeis similar to the length of time all other molecules remain in that lakeQ8 According to paragraph 5, Lake Erie's residence time is lower than Lake Ontario's for which of the following reasons?Lake Erie has a larger area than Lake Ontario.Lake Ontario is shallower than Lake Erie.Lake Ontario has a greater volume than Lake Erie.Lake Erie receives less rainfall than Lake Ontario.Q9 Why does the author discuss the Great Lakes in paragraph 5?To demonstrate the extent to which residence times vary from lake to lakeTo illustrate how residence times are calculated for specific lakesTo argue that the residence time of a lake increases with areaTo emphasize that Lake Tahoe’s residence time is unusually longQ10 The word “further” in the passage is closest in meaning toexpectedadditionalseriousunfortunateQ11 According to paragraph 6, which of the following explains the increase in residence timeof some lakes of northwestern Ontario?The amount of water flowing into the lakes has increased.The rate of evaporation has decreased more sharply than the amount of rainfall .The renewal of the lakes' water has slowed due to changes in climate.Plants have required less water from the lakes.Q12 According to paragraph 6, residence time is affected by all of the following EXCEPTamount of rainfallrate of evaporationtemperature of surrounding airconcentrat ion of chemicals in lake waterQ13 Look at the four squares■that indicate where the follow ing sentence could be addedto the passageOf course, a lake may be neither surface-water- norseepage-dominated if, for example, its inputs are predominantlysurface and its outputs are predominantly seepage.Where would the sentence best fit?Once all this information has been gathered , it becomes possible to judge whether a lake's flow is mainly due to its surface inputs and outputs or to its underground inputs and outputs.■If the former are greater, the lake is a surface-water-dominated lake; if the latter, it is a seepage-dominated lake. ■Occasionally, common sense tells you which of these two possibilities applies. ■For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated . Conversely , a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated.■更多TPO最新下载，尽在华联教育Q14 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that expressthe most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Water enters, remains, and eventually leaves a lake in a variety of ways.1 By measuring the water quantities at each of a lake’s inputs and outputs, it can be determined whether water enters the lake mainly from surface or groundwater sources2 It is sometimes possible to decide whether a lake is surface water dominated or seepage dominated by simple observation at different seasons.3 The residence times ofsurface-water-dominated lakes are usually longer than those ofseepage-dominated lakes 4 Changes in lake level and volume are caused principally by the amount of evaporation of water into the atmosphere.5 The average period of time that molecules of water spend in a lake—the residence time—varies from lake to lake and over time within a particular lake.6 The residence time of a lake frequently depends on the kinds of organisms to be found in the lakeBreathing During Sleep 华联教育Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in respiratory control are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the functioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they function. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep, making the contractions of the diaphragm more important. ■Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job. ■However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep.■During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. ■The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (C02) and oxygen (02), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.During NREM (the phase of sleep in which there is no rapid eye movement) breathing becomes deeper and more regular, but there is also a decrease in the breathing rate, resulting in less air being exchanged overall. This occurs because during NREM sleep the automatic, metabolic system has exclusive control over breathing and the body uses less oxygen and produces less carbon dioxide. Also, during sleep the automatic metabolic system is less responsive to carbon dioxide levels and oxygen levels in the blood. Two things result from these changes in breathing control that occur during sleep. First, there may be a brief cessation or reduction of breathing when falling asleep as the sleeper waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness and their differing control mechanisms. Second, once sleep is fully obtained, there is an increase of carbon dioxide and a decrease of oxygen in the blood that persists during NREM.But that is not all that changes. During all phases of sleep, several changes in the air passages have been observed. It takes twice as much effort to breathe during sleep because of greater resistance to airflow in the airways and changes in the efficiency of the muscles used for breathing. Some of the muscles that help keep the upper airway open when breathing tend to become more relaxed during sleep, especially during REM (the phase of sleep in which there is rapid eye movement). Without this muscular action, inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon—the narrow passages tend to collapse. Also there is a regular cycle of change in resistance between the two sides of the nose. If something blocks the "good" side, such as congestion from allergies or a cold, then resistance increases dramatically. Coupled with these factors is the loss of the complex interactions among the muscles that can change the route of airflow from nose to mouth.Other respiratory regulating mechanisms apparently cease functioning during sleep. For example, during wakefulness there is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort when inhaling is made more difficult (such as breathing through a restrictive face mask). This reflexive adjustment is totally absent during NREM sleep. Only after several inadequate breaths under such conditions, resulting in the considerable elevation of carbon dioxide and reduction of oxygen in the blood, is breathing effort adjusted. Finally, the coughing reflex in reaction to irritants in the airway produces not a cough during sleep but a cessation of breathing. If the irritation is severe enough, a sleeping person will arouse, clear the airway, then resume breathing and likely return to sleep.Additional breathing changes occur during REM sleep that are even more dramatic than the changes that occur during NREM. The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than NREM because, although breathing is more rapid in REM, it is also more irregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing. In addition, breathing during REM depends much more on the action of the diaphragm and much less on rib cage action.Q1 According to paragraph 1, which of the following can be inferred about the diaphragm during sleep?During sleep the diaphragm requires increased movement of the rib cage.The diaphragm helps with breathing as movements of the rib cage decrease duringsleep.The diaphragm requires a great amount of pressure to function properly.The diaphragm contributes to the effective functioning of the rib cage.Q2 According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the voluntary breathing system EXCEPT:It has its control center in the brain stem.It controls breathing for a number of activities during wakefulness.It is able to bypass the automatic system.It produces an irregular breathing pattern.Q3 The word "exclusive" in the passage is closest in meaning toconsistentperfectpartialsoleQ4 According to paragraph 3, which of the following may occur just before NREM sleep begins?The automatic, metabolic system may increase its dependence on air exchanges. Breathing can stop for a short time as a person falls asleep.An increase in the oxygen level in the blood can occur as sleep becomes fully obtained. The level of carbon dioxide in the blood may drop suddenly.Q5 What is the author's purpose in stating that “Inhaling is like sucking air out of a balloon"?To refute the argument that additional effort is necessary for breathing during sleepTo argue that REM sleep is more important than NREM sleepTo illustrate the difficulty of breathing during sleepTo illustrate how blockage of narrow passages can be prevented during sleepQ6 All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as being characteristic of breathing during sleep EXCEPTrelaxation of the muscles involved in the respiratory systemchanges in resistance between the two sides of the noseeasier airflow in the passages of the upper airwayabsence of certain complex muscle interactionsQ7 According to paragraph 5, what happens during NREM sleep when inhaling is difficult?There is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort.The sleeping person takes several inadequate breaths before the breathing effort is adjusted.The coughing reflex causes the breathing effort to adjust.The airways become cleared as the blood removes irritants.Q8 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that a very mild irritation during sleep will likely cause the sleeping person toincrease the breathing effortwake up and remove the source of irritationcough while still sleepingstop breathing temporarily while still sleepingQ9 The word "considerable" in the passage is closest in meaningsignificantsteadyusualnecessaryQ10 The word "resume" in the passage is closest in meaning toreducestopreadjustrestartQ11Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.The amount of air exchanged is even lower in REM than NREM because, althoughbreathing is more rapid in REM, it is also more irregular, with brief episodes of shallow breathing or absence of breathing.Because breathing is more shallow and irregular in REM than in NREM, less air isexcha nged in REMBreathing in NREM is less effective than breathing in REM because of irregularepisodes of rapid breathing during NREM.Because breath ing is more rapid in NREM sleep than in REM sleep, breathing often becomes shallow.Although REM has brief episodes of shallow breathing or lack of breath ing, breathing ismore rapid than in NREM.Q12 Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passageTo better understand breathing during sleep, it is, however, helpfulto first understand how respiration works in general.Where would the sentence best fit?Of all the physiological differences in human sleep compared with wakefulness that have been discovered in the last decade, changes in resp iratory cont rol are most dramatic. Not only are there differences in the level of the funct ioning of respiratory systems, there are even changes in how they funct ion. Movements of the rib cage for breathing are reduced during sleep , making the contractions of the diaph ragm more important.■Yet because of the physics of lying down, the stomach applies weight against the diaphragm and makes it more difficult for the diaphragm to do its job . ■However, there are many other changes that affect respiration when asleep .■During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. ■The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose contro l is centered in the brain stem . It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (C02) and oxygen (02), and the acid-base ratio in the blood . The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system . Its control center is based in the forebra in, and it regulates breathing for use in speec h, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capab le of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.Q14 Directions: From the seven statements below, select the statements that correctly characterize breathing during wakefulness and those statements that correctly characterize breathing during sleep. Drag each answer choice you select into the appropriate box of the table. Two of the answer choices will NOT be used. Thisquestion is worth 3 points.1 The role of the rib cage increases and the role of the diaphragm decreases.2 Carbon dioxide in blood rises and oxygen drops.3 The coughing reflex is extremely complex.4 A great deal of effort is used for breathing.5 Upper airways are resistant to colds and allergies.6 There is a drop in the volume of air that is exchanged.7 Automatic and voluntary respiratory systems are both involved.华联教育Moving into PueblosIn the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American Southwest, living patterns changed in the thirteenth century, with large numbers of people moving into large communal dwellings called pueblos, often constructed at the edges of canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs. Abandoning small extended-family households to move into these large pueblos with dozens if not hundreds of other people was probably traumatic. Few of the cultural traditions and rules that today allow us to deal with dense populations existed for these people accustomed to household autonomy and the ability to move around the landscape almost at will. ■ And besides the awkwardness of having to share walls with neighbors, living in aggregated pueblos introduced other problems. ■For people in cliff dwellings, hauling water, wood, and food to their homes was a major chore. ■The stress on local resources, especially in the firewood needed for daily cooking and warmth, was particularly intense, and conditions in aggregated pueblos were not very hygienic. ■Given all the disadvantages of living in aggregated towns, why did people in the thirteenth century move into these closely packed quarters? For transitions of such suddenness, archaeologists consider either pull factors (benefits that drew families together) or push factors (some external threat or crisis that forced people to aggregate). In this case, push explanations dominate.Population growth is considered a particularly influential push. After several generations of population growth, people packed the landscape in densities so high that communal pueblos may have been a necessary outcome. Around Sand Canyon, for example, populations grew from 5-12 people per square kilometer in the tenth century to as many as 30-50 by the 1200s. As densities increased, domestic architecture became larger, culminating in crowded pueblos. Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arable land to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s. Competition for good farmland may also have prompted people to bond together to assert rights over the best fields.Another important push was the onset of the Little Ice Age, a climatic phenomenon that led to cooler temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. Although the height of the Little Ice Age was still around the corner, some evidence suggests that temperatures were falling during the thirteenth century. The environmental changes associated with this transition are not fully understood, but people living closest to the San Juan Mountains, to the northeast of Mesa Verde, were affected first. Growing food at these elevations is always difficult because of the short growing season. As the Little Ice Age progressed, farmers probably moved their fields to lower elevations, infringing on the lands of other farmers and pushing people together, thus contributing to the aggregations. Archaeologists identify a corresponding shift in populationstoward the south and west toward Mesa Verde and away from higher elevations.In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa Verde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation. Sharing and cooperation were almost certainly part of early Puebloan life, even for people living in largely independent single-household residences scattered across the landscape. Archaeologists find that even the most isolated residences during the eleventh and twelfth centuries obtained some pottery, and probably food, from some distance away, while major ceremonial events were opportunities for sharing food and crafts. Scholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy environment in which precipitation and other resources varied across the landscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops—and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction. But all of this appears to have changed in the thirteenth century. Although the climate remained as unpredictable as ever between one year and the next, it became much less locally diverse. In a bad year for farming, everyone was equally affected. No longer was it helpful to share widely. Instead, the most sensible thing would be for neighbors to combine efforts to produce as much food as possible, and thus aggregated towns were a sensible arrangement.Q1 The word "traumatic" in the passage is closest in meaning toessentialhighly stressfulhighly unusualunwiseQ2 The word "intense" in the passage is closest in meaning tostrongquestionableobviousdeliberateQ3 According to paragraph 1, before the thirteenth century the people of southwesternNorth America lived in households thatshared daily chores with neighboring householdsoccupied dwellings that were built into the sides of cliffswere largely free to conduct their lives as they pleasedenforced common standards of behavior and cooperative conduct within theircommunitiesQ4 Which of the following best indicates the organization of paragraph 1?It presents the conditions that caused a change in a population's living patterns and then explains why those conditions got worse.It identifies certain present-day cultural traditions and rules and then traces them to their roots in the thirteenth century.It casts doubt on one explanation of the move to pueblos and then introduces an alternative explanation that the passage will defend.It describes a major change in a population's living patterns and then presents a numberof problems that resulted from that change.Q5 According to paragraph 3, which of the following was one of the consequences of increasing population densities?People were increasingly crowded into collections of large housing units.People stopped planting crops that have relatively low yields.Domestic buildings were pushed beyond the canyon limits.The natural landscape was destroyed.Q6 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways orleave out essential information.Some scholars expand on this idea by emphasizing a corresponding need for arableland to feed growing numbers of people: construction of small dams, reservoirs,terraces, and field houses indicates that farmers were intensifying their efforts during the 1200s.Some scholars even claim that the intensification of farmers' various efforts during the1200s led to further population growth and the consequent need for more arable land.Evidence of intensifying agriculture in the 1200s indicates a need to feed a larger population and so extends the argument that a growing population was the cause of the move to pueblos.During the 1200s, farmers met the demand for more arable land, but they alsosucceeded in cultivating existing land more intensively with the help of agricultural construction projects.Some scholars feel strongly that the construction of small dams, reservoirs, terraces,and field houses in the thirteenth century is independent evidence for growth in thenumber of people.Q7 The word "transition" in the passage is closest in meaning tochangeclimate。
新编实用英语综合教程2
新编实用英语综合教程2引言《新编实用英语综合教程2》是一本为学习者提供全面的英语教程的教材。
本教程适合初学者，旨在提高他们的英语听、说、读、写四项基本技能。
本文档将对《新编实用英语综合教程2》的内容进行概述，并提供学习建议和使用技巧。
内容概述《新编实用英语综合教程2》是按主题编写的教材，涵盖了日常生活中各个方面的英语对话和语法。
教材内容分为18个单元，每个单元都有主题和相关的对话、语法和练习。
通过学习这些内容，学习者可以提高英语表达能力，并增加对英语语法的理解。
每个单元都以一个主题开头，例如“购物”、“旅行”、“健康”等。
然后，教材提供相关的对话，这些对话模拟了真实生活中可能遇到的情境，例如在商店购物或预订旅行。
对话涵盖了各种日常用语和常见表达方式，帮助学习者学习实用的英语口语表达。
除了对话，教材还包括语法练习和阅读材料。
语法练习涵盖了各种语法知识点，例如时态、名词、动词等。
这些练习帮助学习者巩固所学的语法知识，并提升他们的写作能力。
阅读材料则提供了一些有趣的文章，帮助学习者扩展词汇量并提高阅读理解能力。
学习建议•阅读对话：在学习每个单元时，首先阅读相关的对话。
尝试理解对话中使用的词汇和句型，并注意语音、语调和语气。
可以通过反复阅读对话来加深理解。
•学习语法：每个单元都包含语法练习，建议在阅读对话后先完成语法练习。
通过练习，巩固所学的语法知识，并在实际应用中提升自己的英语写作能力。
•扩展词汇：在阅读材料中，注意新词汇的学习。
每个单元都会提供一些生词和词组，建议将其记录下来并逐渐扩展自己的词汇量。
•口语练习：尝试模仿对话中的语音、语调和语气，并进行口头练习。
可以与同学或语伴进行对话练习，提高自己的口语表达能力。
使用技巧•利用语音资源：本教材配有语音资源，可以通过扫描二维码或使用电子设备进行访问。
学习者可以通过听取对话来提高听力和语音表达能力。
可以反复听取对话，并模仿语音和语调。
•创造情境：在学习对话时，可以尝试将对话中的情境创造出来。
八年级英语下册Lesson24教材内容详解冀教版
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，系电，力根通保据过护生管高产线中工敷资艺设料高技试中术卷0资配不料置仅试技可卷术以要是解求指决，机吊对组顶电在层气进配设行置备继不进电规行保范空护高载高中与中资带资料负料试荷试卷下卷问高总题中2体2资配，料置而试时且卷，可调需保控要障试在各验最类；大管对限路设度习备内题进来到行确位调保。整机在使组管其高路在中敷正资设常料过工试程况卷中下安，与全要过，加度并强工且看作尽护下可关都能于可地管以缩路正小高常故中工障资作高料；中试对资卷于料连继试接电卷管保破口护坏处进范理行围高整，中核或资对者料定对试值某卷，些弯审异扁核常度与高固校中定对资盒图料位纸试置，.卷编保工写护况复层进杂防行设腐自备跨动与接处装地理置线，高弯尤中曲其资半要料径避试标免卷高错调等误试，高方要中案求资，技料编术试5写交卷、重底保电要。护气设管装设备线置备4高敷动调、中设作试电资技，高气料术并中课3试中且资件、卷包拒料中管试含绝试调路验线动卷试敷方槽作技设案、，术技以管来术及架避系等免统多不启项必动方要方式高案，中；为资对解料整决试套高卷启中突动语然过文停程电机中气。高课因中件此资中，料管电试壁力卷薄高电、中气接资设口料备不试进严卷行等保调问护试题装工，置作合调并理试且利技进用术行管，过线要关敷求运设电行技力高术保中。护资线装料缆置试敷做卷设到技原准术则确指：灵导在活。分。对线对于盒于调处差试，动过当保程不护中同装高电置中压高资回中料路资试交料卷叉试技时卷术，调问应试题采技，用术作金是为属指调隔发试板电人进机员行一，隔变需开压要处器在理组事；在前同发掌一生握线内图槽部纸内故资，障料强时、电，设回需备路要制须进造同行厂时外家切部出断电具习源高题高中电中资源资料，料试线试卷缆卷试敷切验设除报完从告毕而与，采相要用关进高技行中术检资资查料料和试，检卷并测主且处要了理保解。护现装场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
八年级英语 unit 24 what were they doing人教版+朗文知识精讲
英语Unit 24 What were they doing?人教版+朗文【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：Unit 24 What were they doing?二. 重难点解析：1. It’s quite a nice elephant.这是一只相当好看的大象。
quite表示“相当，很”时，其后可跟形容词、副词及“a +形容词+名词”。
注意quite 一般要放在“a’之前，而very则放在“a’”之后”。
例如：（1）The street is quite busy at this time of day.每天的这个时候，街上都很挤。
（2）Lucy is quite a lovely girl. = Lucy is a very lovely girl.Lucy是个相当可爱的女孩。
quite, very修饰形容词、副词时，跟形容词、副词的原形。
例如：（3）He is quite careful. 他相当仔细。
（4）It’s very cold today. 今天天气很冷。
2. What was Jim drawing when the teacher came in?这是一个主从复合句，主句中的was drawing是过去进行时，表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
本句特定的时间是When the teacher came in。
又如：（1）I was doing my homework when my mother got home.我妈到家时我正在做作业。
（2）She was doing some shopping when I met her yesterday.昨天我遇到她时，她正在买东西。
（3）What were you doing at this time last night.昨天晚上这个时候你正在干什么。
过去进行时的构成为was, were+现在分词。
3. What was he drawing on? 他在什么东西上画？注意本句中的on不能省略。
实用美国英语第二十四课
government agencies（政府机关）
small companies
"The business of America is business." This was once said by an American president. The business district of an American city is crowded with large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters, and government agencies. Every weekday morning thousands of office workers enter these buildings and leave in the evening. The men and women who do the office work are called white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and administrators are all white-collar workers. Many office workers work operate operation
M: What's going on around here? All the offices were changed. F: Haven't you heard? Where have you been, anyway? M: I was sent to Chicago. I just got back. F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Marta was transferred.（转移） M: Where is she now? Was she promoted? F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?
新编实用英语2教案分析解析
课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit One Invitation本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to introduce some information while givinginvitation cards and letters.2.能力目标： The students should understand and write invitationcards correctly in English.教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点Grammar: word order in a subordinateclauseThe focus is on the patterns that areappropriate for writing the invitationcards and letters教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Word Order in a Subordinate ClauseStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P10. 5 6 P16. 6 7Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Two Emails本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to recognize and getemail information on internet.2.能力目标： The students should understand email and know how to writethem correctly by using abbreviation in English教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus is on the patterns that areproperly used in sending and receivingemail in writing.Grammar: Punctuation教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Punctuation5. Summarize the whole lessonStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework: P28. 5 6 P34. 3 4 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Three Communication by phone本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to take the telephonemessage.2.能力目标： The students should know how to take message i n the officeor at home correctly in English教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus is on the patterns that areappropriate for taking the telephonemessage in the office or at home.Grammar: Noun Clauses教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Noun ClausesStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P45 . 4 5 6 P52. 5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Four Making Reservations本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to make reservations.2.能力目标：The students should understand and make reservation correctly in English.教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus of functions is on thepatterns that are appropriate formaking reservations at hotel.Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: The Subjunctive MoodStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P65. 5 6 P72.5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Five At a Restaurant本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to understand and makethe expressions of menu.2.能力目标：The students should understand the menu a nd know how to writeit correctly in English.教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus is on the patterns that areproperly used in talk about the largemeal at a restaurant.Grammar: Relative Clauses教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Relative ClausesStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P85. 4 5 6 P91. 5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Six Shopping本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to introduce and learn the different waysof making shopping ads in newspapers and magazines, in theradio and television to promote sales.2.能力目标： The students should understand and know how to write the shopping ads under the instruction, specification, model and functions教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus is on the operatinginstruction, specifications model andfunctionsGrammar: Adverbial Clauses教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Adverbial ClausesStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P102. 5 6 P109. 5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Seven Entertainment and Tourist本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to the mastery ofrules and principles of entertainment ads.2.能力目标： The students should understand entertainment adsand know how to write them correctly in English.教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点Grammar: Present participle and pastparticiple as attributives教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Present participle and past participle asattributivesStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P122. Ex. 5 6 P129. 5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Eight Farewell本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to the mastery ofcharacteristics and formula for farewell letter.2.能力目标：The students should understand the characteristic andformula concerning writing a farewell letter.教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus is on the patterns that areappropriate for writing a farewellletterGrammar: Emphasis, Ellipsis andInversion教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Emphasis, Ellipsis and InversionStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P141. Ex. 4 5 6 P148. 5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Nine Applying for a Job本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to the mastery ofinforming and talking about applying for a job2.能力目标：The students should understand information concerningadvertisements for applying for a job教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus of functions therefore is onthe patterns that are appropriate forgiving information concerning applyingfor a job. Grammar: word order in asubordinate clause教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: Word Order in a Subordinate ClauseStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:Ex. 5 6 P170. 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月课程名称New Practical English授课班级教学时数60节教学内容Unit Ten Managers and CEOS本章节（单元）教学目标教学目标1.知识点目标: This lesson is to lead the students to the mastery ofinforming and talking about conference schedules2.能力目标：The students should understand the format and informationconcerning preparing a conference or an agenda.教学方法Detailed study of difficult language pointsUse the two dialogues for oral practice with essential sentence patterns, listening exercises to intensify their listening ability, one passage for comprehensive reading and the other for extensive reading, grammatical exercises and writing exercises are combined to form a whole.重点难点The focus of functions is on the specialformat and relevant terms andexpressions that are appropriate fortalking about planning a conference.Grammar: Conclusion教具或实训教学条件准备Tape recorder教学实施Step 1. Section onea. New words and phrases of section oneb. Talk face to facec. Put in useStep 2. Section Two ListeningStep 3. Section Threea. New words and phrases of Passage oneb. Passage onec. Exercisesd. Passage twoStep 4. Section Four Trying your handa. Applied Writing: Writing and Replying invitation cards and lettersb. General Writing: ConclusionStep 5. Summarize the whole lesson教学中可能存在的问题及解决办法There might be some m istakes made b y students in learning. Encourage them and help them to correct it.Some students may h ave some l istening problems or poor pronunciation, let them listen more and practice more after class.思考题或作业Homework:P183. Ex. 5 6 P191. 5 6Speaking task: Read the text fluently and even learn it by heart.本课小结预期效果：实际效果：教研室主任签字任课教师：年月。
新编实用英语(综合教程二课后习题答案全集)
新编实用英语(综合教程二课后习题答案全集)第一单元P9-5!) For convenience , the photo will be shown in time sequence.2) You are required to stop your car after an accident .3) The conceptions and practices of child education vary from culture to culture .4) He is more of a poet than a musician .5) my father has kindly offered to take us to the airport .6) We really should meet sometime soon to discuss the details .P10-61) He didn't have a girl friend until he was thirty .Don't leave until i tell you to .2) The truth turned out to be stranger than we had expected .it turns out that she had known him when they were children .3) i 'm sorry , i'm not in a position to help you right now .i 'm sure they would like to help her out financially but they are not in a position to do so .4) In many instances it is the teacher who talks , but in some instances the students talk.In may instances it is the husband who pays , but in some instances the wife pays her own bill .5) He is more of a director than a producer .He is more of a composer than a singer .6) There ar also houses that seem warm but in fact are not .There are also music pieces that sound like light music but in fact are not .P12-71T 2T 3T 4F 5F 6TP12-91. 似乎很长时间没收到你的来信了，从你到工作室算起，现在就更久了。
新编实用英语（综合教程二课后习题答案全集）（NewpracticalEng..
新编实用英语(综合教程二课后习题答案全集)（New practical English (integrated course two, complete set of exercisesafter class)）第一单元p9-5！）为方便起见，这些照片将按照时间顺序展示。
2）事故之后你需要把车停下。
3）儿童教育的观念和实践因文化而异。
4）他是诗人，不是音乐家。
5）我父亲已好心地提出送我们去机场。
6）我们真的应该找个时间很快见面讨论细节。
p10-61）他没有女朋友，直到他三十。
直到我告诉你不要离开。
2）事实证明是比我们预料的奇怪。
原来，她知道他在他们还是孩子的时候。
3）对不起，我不能帮你的忙。
我肯定他们愿意在经济上帮助她，但他们没有能力这样做。
4）在许多情况下，是老师谈话，但在某些情况下，学生说话。
在可能情况下是丈夫付账，但在某些情况下，妻子自己付账。
5）他是一个比一个制片人导演。
他是一个作曲家而不是歌手。
6）有些房子看起来温暖但其实不是。
还有音乐，听起来像是轻音乐，但事实上不是。
p12-71t 2t 3t 4f 5f 6tp12-91。
似乎很长时间没收到你的来信了，从你到工作室算起，现在就更久了。
2。
所以我马上写信，好让你离开上海之前肯定能收到这封信，希望你们俩在英格兰逗留期间能和我们一起住几天。
三.我们还有两个朋友和我们一起度过新年的周末，所以，到时你也能来的话就太好了。
4。
而且如果我们遇上好天气的话，我们可以找一天一起出去拜访卡特一家。
5。
玛丽很好，而且喜欢她的教学工作（至少我这样认为），孩子们长得飞快，我还在桑德森公司工作，而且工作很称心，虽然偶尔我也会渴望从前自由自在的日子P13样品1很高兴能邀请你参加我们的年会。
今年会议将于7月24日到28日在布莱顿市的都城宾馆举行。
随信寄出会议的详尽日程，Room and board arrangement and activity plan.Last year you gave us a very lively statement entitled "high tech purchasing". We would appreciate it if you would consider giving us the latest development report on this subject.We shall appreciate it if you will confirm your attendance at the meeting as soon as possible.P13-sample 2In view of your letter of May 25th, I am pleased to inform you that I will attend the meeting in July this year.I would appreciate it if you could send me a more detailedschedule of meetings.Unfortunately, I can not make a fresh addition to last year's speech. I am busy with the work and I have no time to prepare.In any case, I am looking forward to attending the meeting again.P14-2It's my pleasure to invite you to our annual meeting. This year's conference will be held at University of Nottingham in August 20th.Send details of the meeting, accommodation and business activities plan.Last year you made a very interesting report entitled "academic standards and expectations". We would appreciate it if you could give us a speech on the latest developments in this subject.We shall appreciate it if you will let us know as soon as possible at your convenience.P14-3()) confirm, my, participation, in, this, year's, conference, in, August,()) you, could, send, me, further, details, about, the,programe,()) I, will, not, be, able, to, give, an, update, on,, last, time's, talk4），工作压力不允许时间准备谈一谈。
新编实用英语教学大纲(第二册)分析解析
《大学英语》课程教学大纲课程编号：课程名称：大学英语总学时数和学分：本课程计划144学时实践学时：72学时先修及后续课程要求：中学英语1、课程性质本课程面向高职、高专非英语专业一年级学生开设，为公共基础课。
《新编实用英语》课程即《大学英语》课，是高职高专非英语专业学生的公共必修课；教学对象为高职高专非英语专业一年级学生。
本课程的教学目的在于：经过约144学时的教学，使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和技能，具有一定的听、说、读、写、译的能力，从而能借助词典阅读和翻译有关英语业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的交际能力打下基础。
2、教学目标及意义本课程是非英语专业的公共基础课程，本课程的任务是经过二个学期约144学时的教学,使学生掌握英语日常会话、科技英语阅读、科技英语翻译及英语应用文写作的基本方法和技能，掌握大约2，500个常用英语单词和词组，能够借助词典阅读和翻译与专业相关的简单英语资料，并具有一定的涉外交际能力，以满足学生在今后工作中的需要。
3、教学内容及教学要求鉴于目前高职、高专和成人高专学生入学时的英语水平差异较大，本课程的教学要求分为A、B两级，实行分级指导。
A级是标准要求，B级是过度要求。
入学水平较高的学生应达到A级要求，入学水平较低的学生至少应达到B级要求。
随着入学英语水平的不断提高，学生均应达到A级要求。
本课程在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力。
通过本课程的学习，学生应该达到下列要求：1．词汇A 级：认知3 400个英语单词（包括入学时要求掌握的1600个词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中2000个左右的单词能正确拼写，英汉互译。
学生还应结合专业英语学习，认知400个专业英语词汇。
B级：认知2500个英语单词（包括入学时要求掌握的1000个词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组，对其中1500个左右的单词能正确拼写，英汉互译。
新编英语语法教程+第24讲+练习参考答案
新编英语语法教程+第24讲+练习参考答案新编英语语法教程第24讲练习参考答案Ex. 24A1. scientifically explored / explored scientifically2. Scientifically, the argument was absurd / … was absurd scientifically.3. I simply do not understand you.4. … if I speak simply.5. He made me thoroughly angry.6. … have thoroughly studied… / studied this chapter thoroughly.7. … much appreciate… 8. … very much appreciate it / appreciate it very much.9. Honestly, I mean what I say / I honestly mean… / I mean honestly… 10. …alw ays writes to me honestl y.11. …answer the question generally.12. Generally, these questions are not… / … can generally … / …answer most of them generally.13. …to apply practically.14. …are practically impossible to … 15. This is hardly my business / This hardly is… 16. I can hardly hear you.17. I can just hear you.118. …is only for your ears / … is for your ears only.19. …for your ears alone.20. Will you kindly come this way?21. …spoke to her kindly.22. I also spoke to her mother. / I s poke al so… / Also, I spoke… 23. I spoke to her mother as well.24. The house badly needs repainting / …repainting badly.25. …painted it badly.26. …badly painted / …painted badly.27. …live economically.28. Somehow we have to manage / We have to manage somehow.29. Sometimes we feel disheartened / …feel disheartened sometimes / We sometimes feel… 30. We shall never surrender.Ex. 24B1. clean2. clean3. cleanly4. clearly5. clear6. close7. closely8. direct9. directly, direct 10. directly 11. free 12. freely 13. hard 14.hardly 15. highly 16. high 17. high 18. mostly 19. most 20. late 21.lately 22. prettily 23. pretty 24. prettily 25. pretty 26. right 27.right 28. rightly 29. wide 30. widely 31. deadly 32. dead33. easily 34. easy 35. easy 36. fair 37. fairly 38. firmly 39.firm 40. firmlyEx. 24C1. lately2. shortly3. mostly4. first5. last6. largely7. pretty8. easy9. clean 10. quickly 11. late 12. hard 13. quickly 14. rightly 15. closely 16. wrong 17. right 18. slow / slowly 19. sharply 20. direct 21. near 22. fine 23. sharp 24. hardly 25. loosely 26. clearly 27. Sure 28. easily 29. surely 30. highlyEx. 24D1. …farther than Hart.2. …further.3. …somewhat better today.4. He felt r ather tired… 5. …almost ready; …nearly finished.6. He was so much overwrought… 7. The smartly dressed women… 8. No sooner had he… / Hardly … when he… 9. …anywhere in the room.10. He told Smith to come to the point immediately / to immediatelycome to the point.11. Lately the son has been staying out late.12. …close to me.13. …highly respected.14. / 15. …slowly opened the door.16. …close to his chest and then hit the ball high in the air. 17. Sit tight… 18. …it is really hard to sa y which is worse.19. Bonds has almost the easiest swing…20. The purpose of the investigation only becameclear when… 。
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Write and Create 2 Translate the following poster into Chinese, using the data bank in the Workbook for reference.
Write and Create 3 Write an English poster according to the information given in Chinese. Begin it with GO! GO!! GO!!!.
SECTION III Trying Your Hand
Practicing Applied Writing
Write and Simulate
Write and Create
Writing Sentences and Reviewing Grammar
Write and Apply Rules Write and Translate Write and Correct Mistakes Write and Describe a Picture
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Write and Correct Mistakes
6 Correct the errors in the following sentences. 1) Please give me a call when you will need me. Please give me a call when you need me. 2) The patient came to hospital for two days. The patient has been in hospital for two days. 3) I got the news that they have planted a lot of trees on the slope. I got the news that they had planted a lot of trees on the slope. 4) We'll have a boating race in the lake if the weather will be fine in the afternoon. We'll have a boating race in the lake if the weather is fine in the afternoon. 5) My supervisor promised that he will come to help me immediately. My supervisor promised that he would come to help me immediately. 6) Mr. Deng told me that he will not attend the party at the weekend. Mr. Deng told me that he would not attend the party at the weekend. 7) By the end of the term, we will all leave the university. By the end of the term, we will all have left the university. 8) The timetable shows that all classes began at eight. The timetable shows that all classes begin at eight.
12) The watches they have produced a year ago were poor in quality. The watches they produced a year ago were poor in quality.
Write and Apply Rules 5 Put in the proper tense form of the verb according to the adverbial or clause in each of the sentences. 9) She __________ (tell) me that she would be very happy to have us in her told home at the weekend. 10) The children have already learnt from chemistry that water __________ is made (be made) up of hydrogen and oxygen. 11) He will come home as soon as he ____________________ finishes / has finished (finish) his job in the office. 12) I'll be very glad to go to the picnic if the weather __________ (be) fine is tomorrow. 13) She got angry with us and __________ (leave) the room without saying left goodbye. 14) “I __________ have seen (see) the film. It is really worth seeing,” my sister told me on the phone. 15) It __________________________ (snow) heavily just now and the was snowing / snowed ground is still covered with white snow.
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Write and Apply Rules 5 Put in the proper tense form of the verb according to the adverbial or clause in each of the sentences. 1) They __________ (live) in the suburb when she was only a child. lived
SECTION III Trying Your Hand
Practicing Applied Writing
Write and Simulate 1 Read the following two sample announcements / posters and learn to write your own.
Write and Create 4 Write an English poster for a volleyball match according to the dialogue given below. A: Hi, Mike. Are you interested in going to watch a volleyball match? B: Oh, of course. Men's or women's? A: It's an international women's volleyball match between China and Cuba. B: Wonderful! The Chinese volleyball team is my favorite. What time will it start? A: 7:00 p.m. May 2. That's next Tuesday evening. Can you make it? B: Yes, I'll be free after 4:30. Where will the match be held? A: The City Stadium. It's very far away. But there will be a school bus leaving at 6:00 p.m. from the university. B: Good. I think I can manage it. Well, where can we get the tickets? A: Tickets are limited to 100 in our university. We can book them now at the Students' Union. B: OK. Let's go to the Students' Union right away. Back
Write and Correct Mistakes
6 Correct the errors in the following sentences. 9) I have waited for you for a long time before I left in disappointment. I had waited for you for a long time before I left in disappointment.
Write and Create 4 Write an English poster for a volleyball match according to the dialogue given below.
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Writing mmar
Writing Sentences and Reviewing Grammar
10) There are even greater changes in the coming ten years. There will be even greater changes in the coming ten years.
11) Let's leave the place the moment I'll get the plane tickets. Let's leave the place the moment I get the plane tickets.