四川大学历年博士研究生入学考试试题(耳鼻喉)
首都医科大学耳鼻咽喉科学2008,2010--2014,2017--2019年考博真题
癌前病变：有癌变潜在可能的良性病变，有可能逆转。如黏膜白班、慢性肥厚性喉炎、喉乳头状瘤等。
肿瘤分子靶向治疗：就是依据已知肿瘤发生中涉及的异常分子和基因，设计和研制针对特定分子和基因靶点的药物，选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞。较高的选择性能够减少对正常组织的损伤，不良反应也远远小于传统的化学治疗和放射治疗。
首都医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻咽喉科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
海绵窦综合征：海绵窦病变时引起的第III、IV、V、VI颅神经的损伤，临床上出现的病侧眼睑下垂、眼球各项运动障碍、角膜反射消失、眼结膜充血和水肿、眼球突出
2喉的神经及其支配结构
3鼻腔的自主神经系统¬
4鼻咽癌的病因
5变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断依据
6颞下窝解剖
7梅尼埃病诊断依据
三论述
1鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤临床特点诊断依据及手术方式
2 ARIA对AR的分类及阶梯治疗方案原则
3目前鼻科学关注的课题
首都医科大学
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻咽喉科学
Horner syndrome：颈交感神经节损伤或受压时出现的一组症候群，表现为患侧上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小及患侧面部血管扩张、少汗或无汗。
Haller cells：Haller气房，位于筛泡以下，上颌窦上壁和筛骨纸样板最下部的气房，包括筛漏斗外侧壁的气房。临近上颌窦自然开口，易造成上颌窦开口狭窄而引起上颌窦炎。
四川大学华西医学院耳鼻喉外科2018年考博真题试卷
6.面隐窝
7.咽淋巴环
8.听神经病
9.NBI技术
10.corti器
二、问答题（15分*4个）
1.梅尼埃病指南2017的诊断要点。
2.儿童分泌性中耳炎的病因、诊断、和治疗。
3.变应性鼻炎指南2015的治疗要点。
4.喉癌的分区分期、治疗原则。
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉外科
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（4分*10个）
1.Frays综合症
2.上颌窦癌On…法
3.OSAHS
4.LPR
耳鼻喉考试题
8、不适合立即行后鼻孔及鼻咽部填塞的是：鼻部外伤
9、诊断脑脊液鼻漏有哪几点
10、鼻疖最严重的并发症：海绵窦栓塞性静脉炎
11、变应性鼻炎产生的特异性抗体是：igE
12、哪一种疾病发生时igE不变？ 血管运动性鼻炎
13、变应性鼻炎的发病机制是：I 型变态反应
14、鼻中隔血肿的处理原则
协和医科大学2005年耳鼻喉（博士）
一、名词解释
1、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征
2、变应性鼻炎。
3、喉淀粉样变性。
4、鼓切迹。
二、选择及填空：
1、鼻硬结病是一种（进行性肉芽肿）
2、圆窗的位置及朝向及圆窗龛
3、溴区的部位及面积及组成
4、鼻神经内分泌肿瘤包括
5、喉的神经支配
三、问答论述
4，影像学在喉癌诊断分期中的意义
5，耳硬化的诊断，手术适应症及手术方法
6，食道腐蚀伤处理原则
7，改良性乳突根治的适应症
8，OSAS分型，UPPP适应症
9，声阻抗临床意义，应用。
98：
1，面神经解剖，毗邻。
2，10岁儿童，一侧传导聋可能疾病及鉴别诊断
3，听神经瘤的表现，诊断
4，鼻腔血管，神经分布
楼上的确是位高手！佩服，佩服！
正好小弟这里有2002年山东大学耳鼻咽喉科研究生入学考试试题，
在此也就拿出来和各位共享吧！
1.分泌性中耳炎的主要临床表现
2.急性鼻窦炎的诊断要点
3.鼻出血的常见原因
3，扁桃体恶性肿瘤的手术原则
4，NPL的病因，机制
5，喉气管狭窄分型及治疗原则
6，开放式，闭合式乳突根治的区别
四川大学研究生入学考试流行病历年试题整理(供参考)
四川大学研究生入学考试流行病历年试题整理【试题】2014年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名解1.tripple2.Eyeblind3.疫源地4.移民流行病学5.人群归因危险度6.Confounding二、选择肺癌的影响因素肺结核的流行特征艾滋病的窗口期实验和调查最主要区别三、简答1.病因研究步骤2.流行病学的特征3.疾病流行强度的指标4.自然史与三级预防四、计算1.联合实验计算灵敏度特异度阳性预测值和阴性预测值，配对设计计算比值比和可信区间；2.队列研究计算RR,AR,AR%。
五、判断对错流病今年有判断对错的题，不难考的挺细。
判断和选择涉及到分论比较多，有艾滋病，胃癌危险因素，伤害，肺结核等等，所以下一届同学们后面的知识也一定要好好看啊~~~~【试题】2013年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名解6*3 全英文1.巢式病例对照研究2.第二代监测3.暴露4.第二代发病率5.病死率6.领先时间偏倚二、填空1-3分一个，共38分1.流行病学特征（6个空）2.时间分布的方法（2个空）3.RR，OR的计算及OR的置信区间计算，计算发病率，死亡率等4.几道计算题的填空，筛查，OR，RR等三、选择单选2*20 多选3*8单选简单多选难，内容集中在总论部分，各论涉及呼吸系统传染病、性病艾滋病、肿瘤等好好看书【试题】2012年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一．名解9*21.伤害流行病学2.队列研究3.实验室研究4.流行病学5.筛检6.患病率7.疫源地8.现况研究9....二、单选21*2 简单三、计算两个1.病例对照研究2.移民流行病学好几种对比，给出表格、数据，要求写出那些对比，判断依据，初步结论【试题】2011年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名解1.Epidemic2.Quasi-experiment3.Prevalence rate4.Outbreak5.Active surveillance二、选择20题，基本来自习题集关于续发率的应用流行病学效果评价指标评价筛检真实性的指标各论，肿瘤的筛检以医院为基础检测系统检测内容预防策略中的初级卫生保健描述性流行病学的特点各种偏移的控制三、计算和简答1.病例对照研究：配对病例对照研究，有一定迷惑性，让判断研究设计类型并计算指标解释2.病因推断的标准及意义四、综合分析题队列研究所给案例是吸烟和膀胱癌的前瞻性队列研究，并给出人群暴露率Pe要求计算各指标并解释意义：RR AR AR% PAR PAR%【试题】2010年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一．名解3*61.Incidence2.Randomized controlled trails3.Epidemiology of emergency events4.Cause of disease5.Over matching6.Epidemic process二、单选2*15各论部分考查4分（传染病流行病学2分肿瘤流行病学2分宫颈癌的筛查重点人群）1.在一项大规模多中心的临床试验项目中下列哪个因素能降低结果的真实性A.病人不知道分组情况B.观察者知道分组情况C.遵循随机化的原则D.样本量足够E.参加研究的医院等级不同2.下列哪项指标常用来反应疾病对患者生命的威胁程度A.发病率B.病死率C.患病率D.罹患率E.死亡率3.霍桑效应可以通过以下方法来控制A.设立对照B.随机抽样C.增加对实验组的关注D.人为干预E.前瞻追踪4.常用于评价免疫接种的流行病学效果的研究方法是A.病例对照研究B.回顾性队列研究C.现场RCT实验D.发病率监测E.社区类实验5.耐药结核病暴发的因素不包括A.未对所有病人进行治疗B.HIV感染率增高C.病人的治疗不规范D.耐药结核传染性强E.儿童接种卡介苗的效果不明确6.为了了解我国各城市肺癌的死亡率与环境空气中颗粒物的关系，最适宜的研究方法是以下哪类A.出生队列研究B.疾病监测C.横断面研究D.生态学研究E.理论流行病学研究7.因果关联是指A.暴露于疾病有较强的统计学关联B. 暴露于疾病排除偏倚后的关联C.暴露于疾病存在分布一致性D. 暴露于疾病有时间先后的无偏关联E.暴露于疾病有时间先后的直接关联8.传染源及其向外环境排出的病原体所能波及的范围称A.疫区B.疫点C.疫源地D.病区E.污染区9.从某市若干个学校中随机抽取一个，在该学校按不同班级抽一定比例的学生进行近视患病率的调查，属于A.单纯随机抽样B.系统抽样C.整群抽样D.多级抽样E.分层抽样10.某单位人员进食食堂被细菌污染的食物后发生食物中毒暴发，该食物被称为A.传染源B.生物媒介体C.传播因素D.病原携带者E.传播途径11.描述性研究和分析性研究的主要区别点在于A.有无对照B.有无干预措施C.能否计算关联指标D.是否计算发病率E.是否研究危险因素12.下列哪项不属于疾病二级预防措施A.癌症筛查B.定期体检C.新生儿出生缺陷检查D.设立专门的防治机构E.婚检13.宫颈癌的疫苗应该在以下哪个人群中接种A.儿童B.老人C.已婚女性D.全人群E.低收入人群14.一次小学的食物中毒事件，第一步应该完成的流调工作是A.个案调查B.病例对照研究C.回顾性队列研究D.生态学研究E.实验研究15.以下指标不需要用金标准判定研究分组的是A.灵敏度B.特异度C.阳性似然比D.Kappa值E.约登指数三多选题（每个2分，共10分）各论部分考查4分伤害流行病学道路干预措施病毒性肝炎的传播途径1.下列哪些不属于疾病预防中的第一级预防措施A.加强锻炼B.合理营养C.康复治疗D.戒烟E.健康体检2.道路伤害的干预措施包括以下哪几个A.安装道路交通灯B.交管部门组织的驾照考核C.醉后强制拘留D.行政罚款E.儿童安全教育3.丁型肝炎的传播途径有A.经血和血液制品传播B.性行为传播C.日常生活接触传播D.垂直传播E.经吸血昆虫传播4.以下属于选择偏倚的是A.现患-新病例偏倚B.检出症候偏倚C.失访D.未随机分配的实验组和对照组E.入院率偏倚5.下列有关流行病学研究方法的叙述，正确的有A.生态性研究不能验证病因，因此意义不大B.横断面研究属于观察性研究，但不能验证病因C.队列研究和实验研究都是前瞻性研究D.实验研究的测量指标通常是发病率E.巢式病例对照研究验证病因的力度强三、答与计算1.简述地方病特征52.简述我国艾滋病的流行特征63.举出至少三种流行病学研究中控制混杂偏倚的方法44.某锡矿有采矿工人2000人，某年有3名工人被确诊为肺癌，该地区同时期的肺癌发病率为15/10万，计算相关指标，并对结果进行解释75.以高血压为例，简述慢性非传染性疾病的预防策略106.某学者对幽门螺旋杆菌与胃癌的关系开展了以下研究，研究组为100人胃癌患者，健康人为100人，收集研究对象时将病人和健康人的出生地、年龄、性别三个因素限定为一致，得到以下研究数据10（2）计算关联指标，并对该研究结果下结论【试题】2009年四川大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题——流行病学一、名词解释（6*3）1.relative risk2.epidemic focus3.injury epidemiology4.case fatality rate5.screening6.secondary prevention二、选择题（15*2包括单选和多选）1.关于现况研究的叙述，下列哪项正确A.抽样调查是一种观察法B.抽样调查适合大人群的调查C.单纯随机抽样所得的样本代表性最好D.普查不适于发病率很低的疾病E.相比普查，抽样调查的设计更为困难2.某项队列研究得出的病因分值为90%，下列哪种说法正确A.暴露人群中发病或死亡90%归归因于暴露因素B.暴露人群中发病或死亡10%归归因于暴露因素C.暴露组的发病危险是对照组的90倍D.暴露组的发病危险是对照组的10倍E.暴露组与非暴露组的率差为90%3.适合筛检的肿瘤主要有A.肝癌B.乳腺癌C.肺癌D.宫颈癌E.直肠癌4.可使人群对传染病易感性降低的因素有A.计划免疫B.传染病流行过后C.新生儿增加 D .免疫人口的死亡E.易感人口的迁入5.在流行病学研究中，随机抽样的目的是控制A.选择偏倚B.信息偏倚C.混杂偏倚D.失访偏倚E.随机误差6.下列哪个试验属于流行病学实验研究A.治疗试验B.自然试验C.动物试验D.干预试验E.社区试验7.评价治疗措施效果的主要指标是A.有效率，治愈率，生存率B.有效率，续发率，死亡率C.治愈率，引入率，失访率D.有效率，续发率，病死率E.失访率，生存率，引入率8.当一种新疗法只能延长某病病人的寿命而不能治愈时，A.该病的患病率会降低B.该病的发病率会升高C.该病的患病率会升高D.该病的发病率会降低E,该病的发病率和患病率均降低9.某病的续发率是指A.接触者中发病人数/接触者总数*100%B.同等身份的接触者中发病人数/同等身份人数*100%C.一个潜伏期内接触者中的发病人数/易感接触者总人数*100%D.一个潜伏期内接触者中的患病人数/易感接触者总人数*100%E,接触者中的患病人数/接触者总人数*100%10.流行病学研究可分为A.描述性研究、分析性研究和理论性研究B.观察性研究、分析性研究和理论性研究C.描述性研究、分析性研究和实验性研究D.观察性研究、实验性研究和理论性研究E.观察性研究、描述性研究和实验性研究11.戊型肝炎可能经下列哪些途径传播？A.经水传播B.经食物传播C.经血液传播D.母婴传播E.日常生活接触12.下面有关分子流行病学的说法，正确的是：A.分子流行病学是传统流行病学和分子生物学相结合而产生的一个分支B.分子流行病学可以研究传染病、非传染病及意外伤害等C.医学相关生物的群体特征也是分子流行病学研究的内容D.生物标志是分子流行病学鲜明的特征之一E.分子流行病学的研究内容也包括制定和评价防治疾病、促进健康的策略和措施13.下列有关感染性腹泻的说法，正确的是：A.感染性腹泻在发展中国家和发达国家都有不同程度的流行B.感染性腹泻明显的季节高峰集中在夏秋季节C.感染性腹泻以婴幼儿和青壮年发病率较高D.感染性腹泻主要呈暴发和流行E.感染性腹泻在发展中国家常为水型和食物型暴发流行14.目前我国有关流行性感冒的重点防治措施有哪些？A.疫情监测B.流感的流行病学调查C.接种流感疫苗D.药物预防E.早发现、早诊断、早报告15.有关性传播疾病的预防措施有哪些？A.积极治疗STD病人B.防止母婴传播C.STD监测D.改变不安全性行为E.性病健康教育三、问答与计算（52）1.某地区建有一核工厂已50余年，近年当地政府希望了解该工厂露天裸露堆放的核废料对当地居民健康是否有影响。
(完整word版)成都中医药大学秋季学期中医耳鼻喉科学期末考试试题A精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版成都中医药大学20XX年秋季学期中医耳鼻喉科学期末考试试题A一填空题（每空1分、共计10分）1、太医署设立“耳目口齿科”，它始建于代。
2、喉科专著最多出现在代。
3、首次使用《中医耳鼻喉科学》作为学科名称的四版全国中医院校教材是在年出版。
4、引起耳疖常见的病因病机、。
5、前组鼻窦包括、、。
6、骨迷路由骨半规管及、组成。
得分阅卷人二名词解释（每题2.5分、共计10分）1、耳胀2、耳鸣3、鼻鼽4、喉痈得分阅卷人三单选题（每题1分、共计30分）1．咽鼓管咽口位于鼻咽部（）A.前壁B.顶壁C.侧壁D.后壁2．鼓窦入口位于鼓室（）A.前壁B.后壁C.顶壁D.底壁3．喉部最大的软骨是（）A.环状软骨B.会厌软骨C.甲状软骨D.杓状软骨4．鼻泪管开口于鼻腔的（）A.上鼻道B.中鼻道C.下鼻道D.总鼻道5．关于旋耳疮，下列哪项是错误的（）A.好发于耳廓前面或耳后缝B.皮损为多形性C.小儿多见D.多由肺经热盛所致6．耳前瘘瘘口多位于（）A.舟状窝B.外耳道C.耳轮角前D.耳垂7．关于耳疖，下列哪项说法是错误的（）A.好发部位在外耳道软骨部B.多发生在夏季C.多由风热邪毒外侵D.耳疖已成熟，未自行溃破者可作环形切开排脓8．下列哪项不是耳胀、耳闭的病因（）A.风邪外袭B.肝胆湿热C.邪毒滞留，气血瘀阻D.肝肾阴虚9．耳胀患者鼓膜的表现不为（）A.鼓膜轻度充血B.鼓膜内陷C.鼓膜可有积液征D.鼓膜弥漫性充血，表面标志消失10．下列哪项不是耳闭的诊断要点（）A.病程短B.听力减退明显C.鼓膜内陷D.耳内闭塞明显11．下列哪项不是脓耳的病因病机（）A.风热外袭B.肝胆火盛C.脾虚湿困D.肺阴虚损12．关于脓耳，下列哪项说法是错误的（）A.小儿多见B.耳内流脓C.鼓膜穿孔D.鼓膜无穿孔13．鼻疔又名（）A.白疔B.白刃疔C.鼻柱疔D.以上都正确14．鼻窒患者鼻塞的表现为（）A.持续性鼻塞B.间歇性鼻塞C.交替性鼻塞D.以上都正确15．下列鼻病中，哪个是导致嗅觉永远丧失的鼻病（）A.鼻窒 B.鼻槁 C.鼻渊 D.鼻鼽16．关于鼻槁，哪项说法是错误的（）A.鼻内干燥B.嗅觉减退或丧失C.鼻甲缩小、鼻腔宽大D.可用1%麻黄素滴鼻17．治疗肺气虚寒所致之鼻鼽首选方剂是（）A.补中益气汤B.六味地黄汤C.四物汤D.温肺止流丹18．鼻渊患者鼻腔的表现是（）A.中鼻甲肿大B.中鼻甲肥大C.中鼻道有脓D.以上都正确19．鼻息肉的外治法有（）A.滴鼻B.熏鼻C.手术摘除D.以上都正确20．脾不统血所致的鼻衄首选（）A.归脾汤B.四君子汤C.四物汤D.养阴清肺汤21．喉痹一词最早见于（）A.《内经》B.《五十二病方》C.《喉科指掌》D.《重楼玉钥》22．关于乳蛾（）A.儿童及青年多见B.可分为实证与虚证C.可以发生并发症D.以上都正确23．喉关痈发生于（）A.喉底B.悬雍垂上C.上腭D.一侧喉核前上方24．下列哪项不是虚火喉痹的临床表现（）A.咽干、咽痒B.咽痛剧烈C.常吭喀作声D.咽部有异物感25．关于喉喑（）A.可分为虚实两证B.可内服药与外治同用C.间接喉镜检查不可缺少D.以上都正确26．急喉风患者呼吸困难的性质是（）A.呼气性呼吸困难B.吸气性呼吸困难C.混合性呼吸困难D.以上都正确27．急喉喑患者声带表现为（）A.声带充血、色鲜红B.声带小结C.声带息肉D.声带肥厚28．关于梅核气哪项说法是错误的（）A.多为女性患者B.咽喉中有异物梗阻感、不碍吞咽C.咽喉中有异物梗阻感、有碍吞咽D.咽喉检查各部正常29．风热乳蛾患者喉核上的黄白色脓点连成假膜，应与下列哪个疾病鉴别（）A.喉痈B.喉痹C.咽白喉D.喉喑30．患儿王某，男，2岁，于安静时出现四凹征喉鸣及鼻翼煽动，其呼吸困难为（）A.一度 B.二度 C.三度 D.四度得分阅卷人四多选题（每题1分、共计10分）1．鼻疔的好发部位是（）A.鼻尖B.鼻翼C.鼻背D.鼻前庭E.鼻根2．耳胀耳闭常见的病因病机有（）A.风邪外袭，痞塞耳窍B.肝胆湿热，上蒸耳窍C.脾虚失运，湿浊困耳D.邪毒滞留，气血瘀阻E.肝肾阴虚，虚火上炎3．下列哪些疾病可致耳痛（）A.脓耳B.耳疖C.风热乳蛾D.喉痈E.耳胀4．鼓室的内容物常有（）A.听骨链B.镫骨肌C.鼓索ND.鼓膜张肌E.鼓窦5．乳蛾可诱发全身并发症为（）A.痹证B.心悸C.怔忡D.水肿E.胃脘痛6．鼻鼽患者的临床表现为（）A.突然发作的鼻痒B.鼻塞C.嗅觉暂时减退D.流大量清水涕E.流大量脓涕7．喉科六味汤的组成是（）A.荆芥防风B. 薄荷、僵蚕C. 薄荷、紫苏D.桔梗甘草E.玄参射干8．1％麻黄素可用于下列那些疾病（）A.鼻窒B.鼻鼽C.鼻槁D.鼻渊E.鼻息肉9．引起鼻渊的常见病因病机是（）A.肺经风热B.胆腑郁热C.脾胃湿热D.肝肾阴虚E.肺气虚寒10．引起喉痹常见的病因病机是（）A.外邪侵袭B.肺胃热盛C.肺肾阴虚D.脾胃虚弱E.肝郁气滞得分阅卷人五判断分析题（每题5分、共计15分）1．鼓膜穿孔患者，可以游泳2．鼻出血常见部位是“黎氏区”3．鼻疔患者应尽早考虑切开排脓得分阅卷人六简答题（每题5分、共计15分）1．简述喉喑患者的临床表现2．简述鼻出血常用的外治法3．简述胆腑郁热所致鼻渊的临床表现得分阅卷人七病案分析（每题10分、共计10分）黄某, 女, 16主诉：右耳剧痛一天后，流黄脓，伴听力减退。
四川大学博士入学考试试题汇总
目录四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题 (2)2004年 (2)四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题 (2)2006年 (2)四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题 (3)2004年 (3)2004年 (4)四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题2004年1.牙髓牙本质复合体2.根尖基点3.牙龈素4.副肿瘤性天疱疮5.显著性龋均指数1.牙菌斑是如何致龋的2.根管治疗的进展3.控制牙菌斑对牙周炎治疗的意义及控制方法4.复发性口疮为什么可以用免疫抑制剂，也可以用免疫增强剂，举例说明5.根据自己的知识讲述中国口腔疾病的现状，并提出防治策略及方法四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题2006年四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题2004年一、名词解释：（每题2分）Tissue engineeringColles’ fractureBone-fascia compartment syndromeGaleazzi’s fractureThomas sign二、问答题：⒈上下肢骨传导音的检查方法及意义？⒉股骨头血供的特点及其对股骨颈骨折的临床治疗、预后的指导意义？⒊脊柱“三柱”理论的原理及其对脊柱骨折治疗的指导意义？请简述脊柱骨折治疗的基本原则？⒋人工髋关节置换术后骨溶解的病理生理及临床表现？目前有效的治疗方法？⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同？请简述两者治疗方法的特点？⒍病案分析男性，30岁，伤后8小时入院，双下肢活动障碍，双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。
X 光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm，双侧骶髂关节脱位，骶骨骨折。
请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
四川大学华西医学部局解（骨科专业基础）博士入学考试试题2004年每题10分，选做100分⒈脊椎骨间的主要连接？⒉股鞘的结构与内容？⒊阑尾的常见位置，怎样寻找阑尾？⒋腹股沟管的构成？⒌甲状腺的位置、毗邻、甲状腺血管与神经的关系？⒍胸膜腔的体表投影？⒎子宫的位置及毗邻？⒏直肠的形态和毗邻？⒐心脏的血供？⒑肝外胆管的组成及毗邻？⒒后纵隔的结构及排列关系？⒓肾脏的位置与毗邻？⒔会阴中心体的构成及作用？⒕女性乳房的结构特点及主要淋巴引流？。
(完整版)耳鼻喉科考试题库(含答案精析),推荐文档
E.颅外段 正确答案：C 答案解析：中耳炎出现的面瘫多因鼓室段面神经骨管先天性缺裂，面神经直接受炎症侵 犯所致；或面神经骨管虽完整，但由于供应神经的血管受到炎症刺激后发生痉挛，以致 神经水肿，出现面瘫。在鼓室段最为多见。 24、耳源性 Mouret 脓肿是由于炎症穿破乳突尖内侧的乳突皮质，脓液流注于 A.二腹肌沟处 B.胸锁乳突肌深面 C.胸锁乳突肌浅面 D.胸锁乳突肌后面 E.胸锁乳突肌前面 正确答案：A 答案解析：耳源性 Mouret 脓肿是指乳突尖的骨质破溃区位于二腹肌沟处，脓液在二腹肌 沟处形成脓肿，先沿二腹肌后膜向前发展到下颌下区，再顺颈部大血管鞘发展到咽旁隙， 形成颈深部脓肿。 25、关于乙状窦血栓性静脉炎，错误的为 A.是中耳乳突的炎症通过直接或间接途径造成乙状窦壁的炎症，在损伤区形成血栓 B.疾病早期患者可有耳痛及剧烈头痛 C.侵入乙状窦内引起静脉系统感染，可出现寒战、高热 D.血栓形成可导致静脉血回流受阻，多见有颅内压升高 E.Tobey-Ayer 试验为阴性 正确答案：E 答案解析：Tobey-Ayer 试验（也称压颈试验）设计的目的是了解乙状窦是否有栓塞存在。 在腰椎穿刺时测脑脊液压力时，压迫健侧颈内静脉，此时脑脊液压力迅速上升，超出原 压力 1～2 倍，然后压迫患侧颈内静脉，若乙状窦有闭塞性血栓形成，脑脊液压力不升高 或仅升高 10～20mmH2O，此现象称 Tobey-Ayer 试验阳性。 26、关于乙状窦血栓性静脉炎，错误的是 A.在寒战、高热期如有中耳炎存在时首先应考虑此病 B.应与疟疾、伤寒鉴别，主要依据血液检查 C.打开乙状窦至正常界线，血栓必须取出 D.眼底检查可有 Growe 试验阳性 E.Tobey-Ayer 试验阴性不能排除有血栓 正确答案：C 答案解析：对于乙状窦血栓性静脉炎治疗原则，应手术治疗彻底清除病灶，打开乙状窦 至正常界线，血栓可不取出，远处的血栓可结扎颈静脉。通畅引流，应用强有力的抗生素， 辅以支持疗法。 27、耳源性脑膜炎的治疗原则，错误的是 A.尽早行乳突手术，以清除病灶 B.足量、有效的抗生素治疗 C.对症和支持治疗 D.酌情使用糖皮质激素 E.禁用糖皮质激素 正确答案：E 答案解析：耳源性脑膜炎应当尽早进行乳突根治术，彻底清除病灶，通畅引流，但必须注
四川大学期末试题
四川大学期末试题（A 卷）考试须知四川大学学生参加由学校组织或由学校承办的各级各类考试， 必须严格执行 《四川大学考试工作管理办法》和《四川大学考场规则》。
有考试违纪作弊行为的，一律按照《四川大学学生考试违纪作弊处理条 例》进行处理。
四川大学各级各类考试监考人员，必须严格执行《四川大学考试工作管理办法》、《四川大学考场规则》和《四川大学监考人员职责》。
有违反学校有关规定的，严格按照《四川大学教学事故认定及处理办法》 进行处理。
《眼耳鼻咽喉口腔科护理学》模拟试题一、单选题（从每小题的备选答案中选择一个正确的答案，并将其编号填在题干的括号内） 1角膜的总屈光力为 A.+40DB.+43DC.+45DD.+38D2. 虹膜最薄处在3. 细菌性角膜炎最常见的诱因是4. 典型角膜软化症的主要体征5. 急性泪囊炎的红肿部位在6. 虹膜周边切除术治疗青光眼的原理是7. 泪液膜的构成由表浅向深部依次为 A.类脂层、水样层、粘液层 B.粘液层、类脂层、水样层 C.水样层、粘液层、类脂层8.预防虹睫炎引起的继发性青光眼 ，局部应点9. 视网膜中央静脉阻塞可有 A.视网膜出血B.视网膜水肿C.两者均有D.两者均无课程号：课序号：o 课程名称：任课教师:成绩: 适用专业年级:学生人数：印题份数:学号：姓名:E.+44DA.虹膜根部B. 瞳孔领附近C. 瞳孔区D. 睫状区E. 虹膜A.外伤B. 维生素缺乏C. 年老衰弱D.免疫缺陷E.全身长期使用免疫抑制A.角膜水肿B.结膜充血 C. 前方积脓D. 角膜溃疡A.上睑内眦B. 上睑外眦C. 下睑内眦D. 下睑外眦A.减少房水分泌B. 降低眼压C.解除瞳孔阻滞D.增加房水排除E. 建立一个外引流通道D.类脂层、粘液层、水样层E. 水样层、类脂层、粘液层%匹鲁卡品噻吗心安 依色林 可的松 %阿托品10.原发性闭角型青光眼禁用A.缩瞳剂B.碳酸酐酶抑制剂C. 扩瞳剂D. 镇静剂E.高渗剂11 •眼部化学伤的急救措施A.急送医院B.现场取水冲洗C. 抗生素防感染D.止痛E.激素治疗12.鼓膜最显著的标志是（）A、锤骨长柄B、前皱襞C、光锥 D 、锤骨短突E、后皱襞13.慢性化脓性中耳炎最常见的致病菌是（)A、肺炎球菌B、变形杆菌C、棒状杆菌D、乙型溶血性链球菌E、葡萄球菌14.人体维持平衡主要依靠（）A、视觉 B 、本体感觉C、Corti氏器 D 、前庭 E 、小脑15.鼻出血最常发生的部位在（）A、鼻中隔后上区 B 、鼻中隔后卜区 C 、鼻中隔前卜区D下鼻道后分 E 、中鼻道16.鼻咽癌绝大多数为（)A、低分化鳞状细胞癌 B 、淋巴上皮癌 C 、低分化腺癌D高分化鳞状细胞癌 E 、肉瘤17.急性额窦炎的头痛具有一定的时间性，其原因是（）A、发热B、用药后的反应 C 、精神因素D神经反射 E 、窦口位置与体位引流的关系18.食管异物多见于（）A、咽环处B、主动脉弓压迹处C、贲门处 D 、胸廓入口处 E、支气管分叉处19.喉部最狭窄处为（）A、喉前庭B、声门C、声门下 D 、室带之间 E 、喉室之间20.颌面部间隙感染最常见的原因是（）A、血源性B、腺源性C、外伤性 D 、牙源性 E 、继发于其它感染21 •颌面部间隙感染的一般局部表现（）A、局部红、肿、热、痛、功能障碍B、局部软组织广泛水肿C、局部产生皮下气肿，有捻发音D局部剧烈疼痛，有脓肿形成 E 、张口受限，影响语言、咀嚼22.下列何种间隙感染最易导致呼吸困难（）A、眶下间隙B、翼颌间隙 C 、咬肌间隙 D、下颌下间隙 E 、口底蜂窝组织炎23.舌癌切除行游离组织瓣整复者，术后1〜2天皮瓣一般呈（）A、灰白色B、苍白色C、紫色D、暗红色 E 、鲜红色24.唇腭裂修复术目前国际上采用（）25. 唇裂手术患儿在全麻清醒后几小时可进流质（26. 腭裂术后可行语音治疗的时间（A 1〜2周B 、3〜4周C 、1〜2月D 、27. 患儿，男，8个月，入院护理评估见患儿上唇部分裂开，但未裂至鼻底，该患儿唇裂分度应为（ A 、I 度唇裂 B 、II 度唇裂 C 、山度唇裂 D 、完全性唇裂 E 、以上都不是 28•颌面部危险三角区的化脓性感染处理不当可引起的并发症有（ A 、头部冷敷B 、温水浴C 、酒精擦浴D 、以上均可E 、以上均不可29 •单侧唇裂整复术最适合的年龄是（A 3〜6月B 、6〜12月C 、1〜2岁D 、2〜4岁E 、学龄前30 •指导唇裂患儿父母改变喂养方式，应训练患儿用（ A 、奶瓶喂养B 、汤匙喂养C 、吸管喂养D 、鼻饲喂养31 •唇裂术后使用唇弓的目的是为了（32.龋病的病因（33龋病的临床特征是34.急性牙髓炎止痛最有效的方法是（A.药物止痛B.开髓减压C.摘除牙髓D.拔除患牙 35 •牙的功能不包括（D.保持面部形态正常 E .保持口腔的自洁作用36.根据形态与功能特点，恒牙可分为（牙、尖牙、前磨牙、磨牙 37 •根据形态与功能特点，乳牙可分为（•乳切牙、乳尖牙、乳磨牙 C .乳切牙、乳尖牙、乳前磨38.不属牙体组织的结构是（39.在颌面骨中唯一能活动的骨为（ A 、外科治疗~~B 、正畸治疗—C 、语音治疗D 、综合序列治疗E 、心理治疗A 、清醒后即可B 、1小时C 、2小时D 、3小时E 、4小时喂养 E 、母乳喂养A 、减少局部张力B 、预防伤口感染C 、便于病人进食D 、以上都对E 、以上都不对A..蔗糖B.细菌C. 牙发育不良D. 细菌、食物、宿主、时间共同作用的结果A.牙齿有颜色的改变B.牙齿有缺损C.窝洞表面有食物残留D.牙体硬组织有色、形、质的改变A.发育时限定了舌的活动范围B •通过咀嚼可刺激颌骨正常发育C •通过咀嚼增进牙周组织健康A.切牙、尖牙、磨牙B •同形牙与异形牙C .前牙与后牙D .单根牙、双根牙、多根牙E .切A ・乳切牙、乳尖牙、乳前磨牙、乳磨牙 牙D •乳切牙、乳前磨牙、乳磨牙E •乳中切牙、乳尖牙、乳前磨牙A.牙釉质 B .牙骨质 C .牙本质牙髓 E .牙髓腔A.上颌骨B .鼻骨C .颧骨腭骨E •下颌骨40 支配表情肌运动的是（A. 面神经 B .三叉神经 C . 上颌神经 D . 下颌神经 E .以上描述都不正确41 腮腺属于（）A. 纯浆液性腺 B .纯黏液性腺 C . 混合性腺 D .以浆液性腺为主的混合性腺E. 以黏液性腺为主的混合性腺42 面部出血时可压迫（）A.颌骨动脉 B .颞浅动脉 C 颌外动脉 D .颈内动脉 E .颈总动脉43 视诊时应首先检查的部位（)A. 面部 B .全口牙齿 C .口腔黏膜 D .舌苔 E .主诉部44 •颌面外科手术备皮范围应在（）A.整个手术区域 B .大于手术区域1〜2cm C .大于手术区域 3〜4cm D .大于手术区域 5〜10cmE.大于手术区域 11〜20cm二、多选题（从每小题的备选答案中选择正确的答案，并将其编号填在题干的括号内，多选、少选、错选，均无分）1.瞳孔近反射指A.瞳孔缩小B.调节C. 集合D.瞳孔散大2.急性闭角型青光眼的诱因为A.情绪变化B.过度劳累C.服用解痉药或阿托品眼药水D. 暗室工作3.扁桃体手术禁忌症包括：（)A、急性扁桃体炎发作时 B 、再生障碍性贫血患者 C 、未控制的高血压病人D妇女月经期间 E 、免疫功能低下者4.分泌性中耳炎的特点包括：( )A、听力下降 B 、耳痛C、耳道流脓D、耳闷 E 、耳鸣5.喉癌下述哪些是正确的（)A、喉癌发病率男多于女 B 、病理所见以鳞癌为多C、活检确诊喉癌D声嘶为喉癌的早期症状 E 、易早期发现者多为声门上型癌6.气管切开术术后护理的要点有: ()A、防止套管阻塞或脱出 B 、维持下呼吸道通畅 C 、抗炎D禁声 E 、预防感染7.龋病向纵深发展则可引起（）A.牙髓炎B.牙龈炎C•根尖周炎 D.牙周炎E.牙槽脓肿8.轻型阿弗他溃疡好发于（）A.唇B.舌缘、舌尖C.颊D.前庭沟E.硬腭三、填空题后有明显的吸气性呼吸困难伴喉鸣、三凹征。
四川大学麻醉学2019年考博真题试卷
5.人意识消失后的病理生理变化有哪些？
6.呼吸的储备功能的影响因素？
二、分析题（每题20分）
1.男，48岁，80kg，拟行胃大部分切除术，常规诱导，手术开始后半小时，呼末二氧化碳60mmHg，增加通气后无明显改善，气道压无明显升高，
问：1）患者发生呼末二氧化碳升高的原因有哪些？如何鉴别诊断？
问：
1）患者两次手术术后发生了什么？危险因素是什么？
2）简述针对此次手术的麻醉计划（麻醉前准备，麻醉方式，围术期管理）？
2）本例患者呼末二氧化碳升高最可能得原因是什么？进一步处理？
2.患者，男性，54岁，直肠癌根治术后5年，肝转移3年，5年前肝转移术后第一天出现不认识家人，胡言乱语，持续20分钟后好转，此后对此无记忆，第二次肝转移瘤介入术后当天又出现胡言乱语，不认识家人的现象，持续半小时，此后对此无记忆。此次拟行肝部分切除术。
医学考博真题试卷
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四川大学华西医院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考科目：麻醉学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题（每题10分，共60分）
1.疼痛的传导通路
2.过敏性休克的治疗原则
3.人在紧急应急状态下的交感神经和副交感神经系统有哪些变化，变化的生理意义？
14年生物学综合 考博真题和答案四川大学
一：必答题1.在你的研究领域或你感兴趣的领域中，请简述你认为的二个重大的科学突破和一个最有希望突破的科学问题，并说明其对生物科学研究的作用和影响。
在此领域中，哪些科学问题你愿意以毕生精力去解决。
2.在你亲自参加的研究课题中，请叙述一组令你特别兴奋或标志性的实验（可简图帮助说明）包括：1.实验目的2.实验设计和手段3.试验中所遇到的具体问题和解决方法4.实验结果对该领域的贡献5.下一步实验设计和想法二：选答三题1.请阐述宏基因组学在微生物领域的研究策略与应用答：宏基因组学（Metagenomics）又叫微生物环境基因组学、元基因组学。
它通过直接从环境样品中提取全部微生物的DNA,构建宏基因组文库，利用基因组学的研究策略研究环境样品所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能。
它是在微生物基因组学的基础上发展起来的一种研究微生物多样性、开发新的生理活性物质（或获得新基因）的新理念和新方法。
其主要含义是：对特定环境中全部微生物的总DNA（也称宏基因组）进行克隆，并通过构建宏基因组文库和筛选等手段获得新的生理活性物质；或者根据rDNA数据库设计引物，通过系统学分析获得该环境中微生物的遗传多样性和分子生态学信息。
策略是从特定环境中直接分离所有微生物DNA , 将大片段的DNA克隆到受体菌中表达 , 然后根据某些生物活性筛选有应用价值的克隆。
包括两个方面: ①宏基因组文库的构建 : 宏基因组文库的构建沿用了分子克隆的基本原理和技术方法 , 并根据具体环境样品的特点和建库目的采用了一些特殊的步骤和对策。
一般包括样品总 D N A 的提取、与载体连接和在宿主细胞建立中克隆②宏基因组文库的筛选: 根据其研究目的,宏基因组文库筛选通常有功能筛选和序列筛选两种方法。
宏基因组学在基础微生物学研究中的应用1.发现新基因由于自然界中大多数微生物物种及其生物量是未知的 , 其中存在大量不可培养的微生物。
通过构建宏基因组文库 , 而且从中鉴定出的大多数基因将都是新的基因。
四川大学2011-2012年博士研究生入学考试试题(病理学)
四川大学2011-2012年博士研究生入学考试试题（病理学）2012年《病理学》名词解释（15分）1.Aschoff body2.primary complex3.nephrotic syndrome4.abscess5.metastatic calcification6.pro-oncogen7.apoptosis8.piecemeal necrosis9.two-hit hypothesis10.wet gangrene11.ARDS12.metaplasia13.anaplasia14.granuloma15.amniotic fluid embolism二．判断题（20题，10分）1.肝细胞坏死液化为液化性坏死。
2.静脉血管中可见白色血栓，红色血栓和混合血栓。
3.蜂窝织炎由草绿色链球菌感染引起。
4.免疫力较低，菌量多毒力强时，肺结核总表现为渗出和增生。
5.甲状腺癌中髓样癌预后较好。
6.心衰细胞是左心衰，右心衰的标志。
7.各种玻璃样变的形成机制是一样的。
8.肠结核的溃疡与长轴垂直，呈烧瓶状。
9.急性新月体型肾炎由肾小球壁层细胞增生形成。
10.动脉硬化性脑萎缩是神经性萎缩。
11.脂肪栓塞只引起脑血管栓塞。
12.肿瘤命名中，“瘤”都是良性，“肉瘤”都是恶性。
13.脐周浅静脉曲张，食管下端静脉丛曲张，内痔和外痔均是肝硬化门脉高压的表现。
14.血吸虫感染引起的损害中，虫卵引起的病变最严重，危害最大。
15.支气管扩张形成右心衰。
三．简答题（75分）1.列举与人类肿瘤发病密切相关的病毒及其作用机制。
（10分）2.简述病毒性肝炎，血吸虫行肝病，阿米巴肝脓肿的病理学特点。
（10分）3.为什么肢体的皮肤伤口一般7天拆线?如果伤口感染，能否仍然拆线？（10分）4.简述基因芯片技术在生命科学领域的应用，试举例说明。
（10分）5.蜂窝织炎的特点是什么？为什么急性蜂窝织性阑尾炎须急诊手术并给予大剂量抗生素治疗？（10分）6.胫骨骨折患者为什么会肌肉萎缩？在诊疗护理过程中应注意观察什么？为什么骨折愈合后经锻炼会功能恢复？（10分）7.除传统的检查（HE染色）外，还有一些可指导肿瘤的诊断，治疗及预后判断。
四川大学华西医学院生理学2013年考博真题考博试卷
二、简答题 1、 试列举减少或增加血液凝固的三种情况，并说明其机制。 2、 胆汁分泌减少时对消化功能的影响如何？是怎样影响的？ 3、 肺通气-血流比例是什么？其增大或减小有什么临床意义？ 4、 大量饮清水时为什么会尿量增多？ 5、 视杆系统和视锥系统的感光换能系统分别怎样发挥作用的？
三、论述题 1、 请论述细胞外信号在细胞内作用的机制。 2、 试述体位改变时动脉血压变低后，血压恢复正常的机制是什么？ 3、 试述交感、副交感神经元的节前和节后纤维分别分泌什么神经递质？神经 元与效应器是怎样起作用的？
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
第113 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：生理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释 1、 阈电位 2、 等张收缩 3、 突触后抑制 4、 胃肠激素 5、 体液调节 6、辐射散热
四川大学博士研究生入学英语考试题
四川大学2005年博士研究生入学英语考试题I. Reading Comprehension 30%, 1 mark each)Passage 1As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists ha ve emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to under stand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist ada pts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the ot her, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for thetheoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircra ft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys mu st be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than a n automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperature s as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do t he job in jet-propelled planes.Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying t hem, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scienti sts specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even furth er subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences ha ve become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independen t of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for examp le -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.1. The applied scientist ______.A. is not always interested in practical problemsB. provides the basic knowled ge for practiceC. applies the results of research to practiceD. does original research to und erstand the basic laws of nature2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___.A. pure science operates independently of applied scienceB. the applied scient ist discovers the basic laws of natureC. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is doneD. app lied science suggests problems for the basic scientist3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____.A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metalsB. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fa hrenheitC. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperaturesD. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures4. Finer mad finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in____ _.A. greater independence of each scienceB. greater interdependence of all the v arious sciencesC. the eradication of the need for specialistsD. the need for only on classifi cation of scientists5. "The horizons of science have expanded" means that____.A. the horizon changes its size from year to yearB. science has developed more fields of endeavorC. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizonD. scientists ca n see further out into spacePassage 2In The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revi sed and Enlarged Edition (W. W. Norton) Schlesinger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in America. A new chapter assesses the impact both ofradical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of rights. Wr itten with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historian's wis dom and perspective to bear on America's "culture wars".Schlesinger addresses the questions: What holds a nation together? And wha t does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Sc hlesinger praises its healthy effect on a nation long shamed by a history of pr ejudice and narrow-mindedness. But he warns against the campaign of multicultur al advocates to divide the nation into separate ethnic and racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its diversity but held together by a shared commitment to the democrat ic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation that impressed foreign visitors like Alexis de Tocqueville and Ja mes Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schlesinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyzes what he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment, he argues, threaten intellectual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the et hnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical right is even more willing than th e radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights.The author does not minimize the injustices concealed by the "melting pot" dream. The Disuniting of America is both academic and personal, forceful in ar gument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some reader s, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer Priz es for history and for biography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.6. According to Schlesinger, the United States is_____.A. a melting potB. a nation with diverse cultures held together by the democra tic processC. a federation of ethnic and racial communitiesD. a nation with various ethni c and racial groups7. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger______.A. advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhoodB. pref ers multiculturalism to monoculturalismC. gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicityD. holds that each raci al group should keep its distinct identity8. The author wants to tell us that America_____.A. is experiencing a crisis of nationhoodB. is trying to restrict the Bill of RightC. has ended its history of racial prejudiceD. has tried to obstruct intellect ual freedom9. According to the author, Schlesinger's book will____.A. cause anger among the radical rightB. cause anger among the radical leftC. put an end to the culture wars in AmericaD. provoke thinking among the read ers10. This passage is most probably taken from __.A. a history bookB. a book introductionC. a book reviewD. a journal of liter ary criticismPassage 3The El Nino ("little boy" in Spanish) that pounded the globe between the s ummers of1997 and 1998 was in some measure the most destructive in this century. Worldwide damage estimates exceed ~20 billion --not to mention the human death toll caused by resulting droughts, floods and bushfires. El Nino and La Nina ("little girl") are part of a seesawing of winds and currents in the equatorial Pacific called ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) that appears every two to e ight years. Normally, westward-blowing trade winds caused by the rotation of th e earth and conditions in the Tropics push surface water across the Pacific towards Asia. The warm water piles up along the coasts of Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines, raising sea levels more than a foot above those on the South American side of the Pacific. As El Nino builds the normal east-to-west trade w inds wane. Like water splashing in a giant bathtub, the elevated pool of warm w ater washes from Asian shores back towards South America.In last season's cycle, surface temperatures off the west coast of South A merica soared from a normal high of 23°C degrees to 28°C degrees. This area o f warm water, twice the size of the continental US, interacted with the atmosph ere, creating storms and displacing high-altitude winds.El Nino brought rain that flooded normally dry coastal areas of Ecuador, C hile and Peru, while droughts struck Australia and Indonesia. Fires destroyed s ome five million acres of Indonesian forest. The drought, along with the econom ic crisis, left about five million people desperate for food and water. These c onditions helped set the stage for riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto. El Nino also took the blame for extreme temperatures in Texas last sum mer over 38°C degrees for a record 30 days in a row. In Florida, lush vegetati on turned to tinder and bushfires raged. Even Britain has been sweltering with our hottest year on record in 1997.11. As El Sino builds, _____ .A. the normal westward trade winds weakenB. the normal eastward trade winds we akenC. the normal westward trade winds strengthenD. the normal eastward trade wind s strengthen12. Which of the following statements is true?A. El Nino results from droughts, floods and bushfires.B. El Nino brought rain to most areas that were affected,C. When El Nino appeared, some of the world's rainforests were attacked by drou ghts.D. Most areas that were affected by El Nino got droughts.13. Once El Nino even played a role in the political world. What was it?A. President Suharto was overthrown by the drought caused by El Nino.B. El Nino caused riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto.C. President Suharto resigned because of the drought caused by El Nino.D. The drought caused by El Nino together with the economic crisis prevailing i n Indonesia helped to overthrow President Suharto.14. The phrase "in a row" in the last paragraph means____.A. continuouslyB. in a lineC. awfullyD. now and then15. The writer of this passage is most likely to be____.A. an Australia observerB. a British nationalC. an American geographerD. an Indonesia journalistPassage 4In patients with Huntington's disease, it's the part of the brain called t he basal ganglia that's destroyed. While these victims have perfectly intact ex plicit memory systems, they can't learn new motor skills. An Alzheimer's patien t can learn to draw in a mirror but can't remember doing it: a Huntington's pat ient can't do it but can remember trying to learn. Yet another region of the br ain, an almond-size knot of neural tissue seems to be crucial in forming and tr iggering the recall of a special subclass of memories that is tied to strong em otion, especially fear. These are just some of the major divisions. Within the category implicit memory, for example, lie the subcategories of associative mem ory – the phenomenon that famously led Parlov's dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell which they had learned to associate with food and of habituation, in which we unconsciously file away unchanging features of the environment so we c an pay closer attention to what's new and different upon encountering a new exp erience.Within explicit, or declarative memory, on the other hand, there are speci fic subsystems that handle shapes, textures such as faces, names -- even distin ct systems to remember nouns vs. verbs. All of these different types of memoryare ultimately stored in the brain's cortex, within its deeply furrowed outer l ayer -- a component of the brain dauntingly more complex than comparable parts in other species. Experts in brain imaging are only beginning to understand wha t goes where, and how the parts are reassembled into a coherent whole that seem s to be a single memory is actually a complex construction. Think of a hammer, and your brain hurriedly retrieves the tool's name, its appearance, its functio n, its heft and the sound of its clang, each extracted from a different region of the brain. Fail to connect person's name with his or her face, and you exper ience the breakdown of that assembly process that many of us begin to experienc e in our 20s and that becomes downrightworrisome when we reach our 50s.It was this weakening of memory and the parallel loss of ability to learn new things easily that led biologist Joe Tsien to the experiments reported last week. "This age-dependent loss of function," he says, "appears in many animals, and it begins with the onset of sexual maturity."What's happening when the brain forms memories -- and what fails with agin g, injury and disease -- involves a phenomenon known as "plasticity". It's obvi ous that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember new things, bu t it's equally obvious that the organ doesn't change its overall structure or g row new nerve cells wholesale. Instead, it's the connections between new cells -- and particularly the strength of these connections that are altered by exper ience. Hear a word over and over, and the repeated firing of certain cells in a certain order makes it easier to repeat the firing pattern later on. It is the pattern that represents each specific memory.16. Which of the following symptoms can be observed in a person who suffer s from the Huntington's disease?A. He cannot remember what he has done but can remember trying to learn.B. He cannot do something new but he can remember doing it.C. He suffers from a bad memory and lack of motor skills.D. He suffers from a poor basal ganglia and has intact explicit memory.17. According to the passage, which of the following memories has nothing to do with implicit memory?A. Associating a signal with an action.B. Recognizing of new features.C. Focusing on new environment.D. Remembering a familiar face of a friend.18. Which of the following may happen to a patient who suffered from damag es to his explicit memory?A. When he is in a new environment, he is always frightened.B. When he plays f ootball, he cannot learn new tricks.C. When he sees a friend, it's hard for him to remember his name.D. When he fi nds a hammer, he cannot tell anything about it.19. The word "extract" in the second paragraph means_____.A. obtainB. removeC. pullD. derive20. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that_____.A. Scientists have found the mechanism underlying the memorizing activitiesB. More research must be done to determine the brain structure.C. Some researc hers are not content with the findings.D. It is obvious that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember.Passage 5Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation whic h has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but o n the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social stat us, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical and ideational mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in r ail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family contin uity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the fa mily as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conve ntionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt at titudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes values, and ways of thinking with in a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, w ife and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living toge ther but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in th e proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters who engage in occupations ot her than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively betwee n classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with wa ys of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publica tions, such as newspapers, periodicals and books, the increase in the percentag e of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All the se tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members ar e exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.21. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement___.A. potential disorganization is present in the American familyB. social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional fam iliesC. the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social statusD. family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility22. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ___A. can get more help from their family members if the are in troubleB. will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from itC. are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stabil ityD. have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it23. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____A. the family members are subject to social pressuresB. both parents have to w ork full timeC. the husband, wife and children, and children seldom get togetherD. the husb and, wife and children work too hard24. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in fami ly disorganization because____.A. they enable the children to travel around without their parentsB. they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parentsC. they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social statusD. they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thi nking25. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose m embers __A. are not psychologically withdrawn from one anotherB. seldom quarrel with ea ch other even when they disagreeC. often help each other with true love and affectionD. are exposed to the sam e new ideas introduced by books, radios and TV setsPassage 6A design for a remotely-controlled fire engine could make long road or rai l tunnels safer. It is the brainchild of an Italian fire safety engineer, who c laims that his invention -- dubbed Robogat -- could have cut the death toll in the disastrous Mont Blanc tunnel fire in March 1999 which killed 41 people. Mos t of the people who perished dies within 15 minutes of smoke first being detect ed. Quick action is needed when fire breaks out in a tunnel. Robogat can travel at about 50 kilometers per hour. The Mont Blanc fire was 5 kilometers from the French end of the tunnel, so a machine could have got there in about six minut es.The Robogat has been designed and patented by Domenico Piatti of the Naple s fire department. It runs on a monorail suspended from the roof of the tunnel. When the Robogat reaches a fire, it plugs into a modified water main running a long the tunnel and directs its hoses at the base of the fire. It is capable of pumping 3,000 liters of high-pressure water per minute--about the same rate as that from an airport fire tender. Normal fire engines deliver 500 liters per m inute. The machine's heat-resistant skin is designed to withstand temperatures of up to 1,000°C. Designed to fight fires in tunnels up to 12 kilometers long, the Robogat will be operated from a control centre outside the tunnel. Ideally, tunnels should have a Robogat stationed at each end, allowing fires to be tack led from both sides.Piatti says that it would be relatively cheap to install the Robogat in ne w tunnels, with each machine costing around ￡250,000. "That's not expensive," says Stuart Jagger, a British fire-fighting specialist, who adds, "Fire-fighter s normally have to approach the blaze from upwind. People have dies if the vent ilation is overwhelmed or someone changes the ventilation. If the robot worked remotely it would be an advantage." But this introduces extra problems: the Rob ogat would have to feed information about the state of the fire back to its con troller, and the sensors, like the rest of the machine, would have to be fire-r esistant. Piatti is now looking for financial backing to build a prototype.26. The Robogat can quickly get through to the scene of a fire because___.A. it is in position in the middle of the tunnelB. it can move on a monorail s uspended from the roof of the tunnelC. it runs on a monorail and can take quick actionD. its modified water main c an run along the tunnel quickly27. When fire breaks out in a tunnel, the most important thing is to __A. install a Rogogat quicklyB. detect the smoke quicklyC. change the ventilat ionD. take quick actions28. The Robogat is designed to pump water____.A. at a speed of 500 liters a minuteB. almost as fast as an airport tenderC. six times faster than an ordinary fire-engineD. at a rate of an airport fir e tender29. According to the passage, because temperatures in a tunnel can be very high,____.A. the Robogat has to have a heat-resistant skin B, the Robogat is operated in a control centre outside the tunnelC. the Robogat can only work at the scene of a fire for a limited periodD. a R obogat is stationed at each end30. One problem that has not yet been solved, it seems, is that____A. a prototype has not yet been acceptedB. financial backing is not availableC. the machine will need fire-resistant sensorsD. the machine would not work if the ventilation was overwhelmedII. Vocabulary (10%, 0.5 mark each)31. This university offers a wide variety of high-quality courses for both graduate and undergraduate students.A. selectB. choiceC. alternativeD. optional32. ____ your request for a refund, we have referred that matter to our ma in office.A. On the point ofB. With relationship toC. In the event ofD. With regard to33.AIDs activists permanently changed and shortened America's __ process f or testing and approving new drags of all kinds, for all diseases.A. stagnantB. intricateC. appropriateD. efficient34. Exercise can affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get r id of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise__.A. regularlyB. normallyC. usuallyD. constantly35. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptom atic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be__.A. elegantB. confidentC. creativeD. imaginary36. There is scientific evidence to support our___ that being surrounded b y plants is good for health.A. instinctB. implicationC. perceptionD. conception37. Tom plunged into the pond immediately when he saw a boat was sinking a nd a little girl in it was___.A. in needB. on the declineC. in disorderD. at stake38. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in soc iety will___ through the current law system in that country.A. permeateB. violateC. probeD. grope39. All the finished products are stored in a___ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.A. warehouseB. capsuleC. garageD. cabinet40. As he walked out the court, he was____ with frustration and rage.A. applauding B, quivering C. paralyzing D. limping41. The Board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be_____ important positions.A. attributed toB. furnished withC. installed inD. inserted into42. There are still some____ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.A. positionsB. vacanciesC. applicationsD. categories43. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players__ special problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.A. poseB. commitC. transportD. expose44. Although Kerry has had no formal education, he is one of the___ busine ssmen in the company.A. alertestB. sternestC. nastiestD. shrewdest45. The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which___ profoundly to every Chinese heart.A. drewB. attractC. appealedD. impressed46. ___students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.A. realisticB. responsibleC. ethnicD. prospective47. The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always___ the scientist's time-keeping methods.A. at the mercy ofB. in accordance withC. under the guidance ofD. by means of48. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ___ a violent act previously seen on television.A. stimulatingB. duplicatingC. modifyingD. accelerating49.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City_ shock and anger no t only throughout America but also throughout the wholeworld.A. envelopedB. summonedC. temptedD. provoked50.The secretary went over the table again very carefully for fear of___ a ny important data.A. overlookingB. slippingC. ignoringD. skimmingIII. Cloze Test (10%, 0.5 mark each)Researchers who refuse to share data with others may 51 others to withhold results from them, 52 a study by health-policy analysts at Harvard Medical Sch ool.The study found that young researchers, those who publish 53 , and investi gators seeking patents are most likely to be _54_ access to biomedical data. It also found that researchers who withhold data gain a _55 for this, and have mo re difficulty in 56 data from others.The study was 57 by a research team led by sociologist Eric Campbell. The team surveyed 2,366 58 selected scientists at 117 US medical schools. Overall, 12.5 per cent said that they had been denied 59 to other academic investigators ' data, 60 article reprints, during the past three years. This 61 with findings by the team and other groups. But by examining the 62 of data withholding, the team identified those experiencing the most 63 . For junior staff. 64 , the te am found that 13.5 per cent were denied access, 65 5.1 per cent of senior resea rchers.The 66 between data withholding and researchers' publishing 67 during the68 three years was 69 : 7.7 per cent of those who had published 1-5 articles had had data withheld from them, but this rose to 28.9 per cent for researchers w ho had published more than 20. Campbell warns, "Selectively holding back on inf ormation from the most 70 researchers could slow down progress in research into the causes and cures of human disease."51. A. suggest B. provoke C. propose D. claim52. A. because of B. in spite of C. according to D. owing to53. A. a lot B. great deal C. regularly D. frequently54. A. sought B. seeking C. being sought D. have sought55. A. depression B. reputation C. infamy D. fame56. A. acquisition B. requiting C. assigning D. obtaining57. A. carried B. conducted C. forged D. identified58. A. randomly B. carefully C. specially D. absolutely59. A. entry B. reach C. access D. use60. A. inclusive B. excluding C. exclusive D. refusing61. A. corresponds B. complies C. compares D. adapts62. A. casualties B. victims C. culprits D. injuries63. A. hardship B. trial C. difficulty. D. errors64. A. researchers B. members C. employees D. personnel65. A. in coincide with B. in common with C. in collision to D. in comparison t o66. A. relationship B. contradiction C. comparison D. communication67. A. review B. deadline C. relation D. record68. A. proceeding B. progressing C. preceding D. progressive69. A. outstanding B. excessive C. exciting D. striking70. A. productive B. producing C. preferable D, prescribedIV. Translation (30%) PartA (15%)。
四川大学2008博士学位研究生入学考试试题
四川大学2008博士学位研究生入学考试试题代码：3088 科目：微生物学一、选答题1.以大肠杆菌磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸—糖磷酸转移酶系统（PTS）为例解释基因转位。
答：大肠杆菌PTS由5种蛋白质(酶I、酶Ⅱa、酶Ⅱb、酶Ⅱc及热稳定蛋白质HPr)组成，酶Ⅱa、酶Ⅱb、酶Ⅱc 3个亚基构成酶Ⅱ。
酶I和HPr为非特异性细胞质蛋白，酶Ⅱa也是细胞质蛋白，亲水性酶Ⅱb与位于细胞膜上的疏水性酶Ⅱc相结合。
酶Ⅱ将一个葡萄糖运输进入胞内，磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)上的磷酸基团逐步通过酶I和HPr的磷酸化和去磷酸化作用，最终在酶Ⅱ的作用下转移到葡萄糖，这样葡萄糖在通过PTS进入细胞后加上了一个磷酸基团。
2.从基因工程的基本过程和基因工程的应用及展望两个方面来说明微生物与基因工程的关系。
答：基因工程的基本过程：目的基因的获得+重组载体的构建斗重组载体导人宿主细胞+阳性重组子的筛选+基因的测序和鉴定斗基因的控制表达。
每一个环节都离不开微生物的参与。
微生物世界的多样性为人类的活动提供了取之不尽、用之不竭的基因来源；基因工程的克隆载体通常由病毒、噬菌体和细菌质粒DNA改建而成；基因工程所用到的绝大多数工具酶都是从不同微生物中分离和纯化而获得的；基因工程中最重要、最广泛应用的克隆载体宿主是原核生物的大肠杆菌及真核生物的酿酒酵母。
植物基因工程和动物基因工程也要先构建穿梭载体，在大肠杆菌中完成外源基因或重组体DNA的拼接和改造，才能再转移到植物和动物细胞中。
大肠杆菌表达系统、酵母菌表达系统和哺乳动物细胞表达系统都是采用重组细胞通过微生物发酵罐的方式大量生产目的蛋白。
基因工程的应用表现在基因工程药物、基因治疗、改造传统工业发酵菌种、动植物特性的基因工程改良及环境保护中各个方面，并已经取得了丰硕的成果。
同时基因工程也推动了微生物学的发展，特别是对于新的微生物资源的开发，认识和了解微生物世界中更多的微生物种类、微生物代谢、微生物遗传等将产生积极的影响。
四川大学华西医学院耳鼻喉外科2017--2019年考博真题
1.梅尼埃病指南2017的诊断要点。
2.儿童分泌性中耳炎的病因、诊断、和治疗。
3.变应性鼻炎指南2015的治疗要点。
4.喉癌的分区分期、治疗原则。
四川大学华西医院
2019年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉科学
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉外科
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释和问答题（共8题，在一起，5×8分）
1.Dandy综合征
2.LPR OSAHS
3.听神经病
4.婴幼儿听力筛查与康复原则
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：耳鼻喉外科
注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释（4分*10个）
1.Frays综合症
2.上颌窦癌On…法
3.OSAHS
4.LPR
5. BPPV
6.面隐窝
7.咽淋巴环
பைடு நூலகம்8.听神经病
9.NBI技术
10.corti器
一、名词解释(4*10分)
1.LVAS
2.前庭性偏头痛
3.Haller气房
4.阿司匹林耐受不良三联征
5.OSAHS
6.声带沟
7.BAHA
8.颈部分区
9.BPPV
10.面隐窝
二、简答题(6*7分)
1.声带的分层结构
四川大学考博真题-生物学综合2005-2014
《生物学综合》《生物学综合2014》1、请简述在你的研究领域或你感兴趣遏领域中最让你感到振奋的两个突破性进展，并说明其对生物科学研究的作用和影响。
在此领域中，哪些科学问题你愿以毕生精力去解决？为什么？（20分）答：2、在你亲自参加的研究课题中，请叙述一组令你特别兴奋或者标志性的实验（可用简图帮助说明），包括：1）实验目的/要回答的问题，2）实验设计和手段，3）实验中所遇到的具体问题和解决办法，4）实验结果和对该领域的贡献，5）下一步实验设计和想法。
（20分）答：3、阐述宏基因组学在什么领域的研究策略与应用。
（20分）答：4、阐述如何医用微生物生产生物柴油，以及微生物生产生物柴油的优点和可能存在的问题。
（20分）答：5、论述引种与生物入侵的关系及其现实指导意义。
（20分）答：6、对于转基因的争论，谈谈你的看法或感悟。
（20分）答：7、2013年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的获奖内容是细胞内蛋白质分选的膜泡运输调节机制。
请回答细胞内蛋白质分选的主要路径有哪些？（20分）答：8、植物激素在调节生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用，列举一种激素，详细阐明其生理功能及其作用机制。
（20分）答：9、论述植物抗病的生理和生子生物学基础。
答：10、物质循环是生态系统的基本功能之一，简述碳循环过程，并阐述其余全球气候变化有什么重要联系，以及提倡低碳的重要意义。
（20分）答：11、比较原核与真核细胞基因表达及调控在那些水平上存在着差异。
（20分）答：一、原核生物基因表达调控的特点：（1）基因表达一般以操纵子为单位；（2）只有一种RNA聚合酶，识别原核细胞的启动子，催化所有RNA的合成；（3）无核膜，转录和翻译过程是偶联的；（4）基因一般不含内含子，在原核细胞中缺乏真核细胞和转录后加工系统；（5）基因表达的调控主要在转录水平，这种调控比对基因产物的直接调控要慢。
二、真核生物基因表达调控的特点：（1）基因组DNA的存在形式可影响基因表达；（2）真核基因的转录和翻译不是偶联在一起的，基因转录在细胞核中进行，翻译在细胞质中进行；（3）真核基因表达的调控是多层次的；（4）基因表达具有组织和细胞类型特异性；（5）不同的真核细胞在基因表达调控中对信号分子的反应不同。
四川大学耳鼻喉科学考试重点整理【推荐】
四川大学耳鼻喉科学考试重点整理
2006 级临床八年制 DU Juan
小儿急性喉炎............................................................................................................. 30 慢性喉炎 .................................................................................................................... 30 第三章 喉梗阻................................................................................................................ 31 喉梗阻 ........................................................................................................................ 31 气管切开术 ................................................................................................................ 32 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 .......................................................................... 33 第四章 头颈肿瘤 ............................................................................................................ 35 颈部包块 .................................................................................................................... 36 鼻咽癌 ........................................................................................................................ 37 上颌窦癌 .................................................................................................................... 39 喉癌 ............................................................................................................................ 40 第三篇 气管及食管科学 .................................................................................................... 42 第一章 气管支气管异物&食管异物 .............................................................................. 42 气管、支气管异物 ..................................................................................................... 42 食管异物 .................................................................................................................... 44 第四篇 耳科学 ................................................................................................................... 46 第一章 耳应用解剖学及生理学 ..................................................................................... 46 第二章 中耳炎&耳源性并发症 ...................................................................................... 46 分泌性中耳炎............................................................................................................. 47 急性化脓性中耳炎 ..................................................................................................... 48 慢性化脓性中耳炎 ..................................................................................................... 49 耳源性并发症............................................................................................................. 50 第三章 耳聋&眩晕 ......................................................................................................... 56 耳聋 ............................................................................................................................ 56 眩晕 ............................................................................................................................ 59
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四川大学博士研究生入学考试试题（耳鼻喉）
（耳鼻喉）试题
1.简述引起眩晕的常见病及其症状。
（20分）
2.简述鼻炎的粘膜的病理学改变，叙述变应性鼻炎与哮喘的相关性。
（20分）
3.简述喉癌的喉部分切除术的理论依据及其扩散特点。
（20分）
4.简述气管切开术的适应症和禁忌症及其注意事项。
（20分）
5.名词解释（4分一个，共20分）
1）Carhart 切迹
2) Hunt`s syndrome
3) 大前庭水管综合征(LVAS)
4）OSAHS
5）鼻高反应性鼻炎
2012年（耳鼻喉）试题
1.简述耳聋治疗的最新进展。
（20分）
2.简述变应性鼻炎的治疗体系。
（20分）
3.简述切除喉癌原发灶的术式选择。
（20分）
4.简述多平面手术治疗OSAHS。
（20分）
5.名词解释（20分，每题5分）
1.BAHA
3.LVAS
4.Dandy Syndrome
2013年（耳鼻喉）试题
1.简述BAHA和振动声桥。
（20分）
2.简述变应性鼻炎特异性免疫治疗的机理。
（20分）
3.简述引起吞咽困难的常见疾病。
（20分）
4.简述OSAHS的治疗。
（20分）
5.名词解释（5，20分）
1.血管运动性鼻炎
2.Hunt`s syndrome
3.Horner syndrome
4.Dandy syndrome
2014年（耳鼻喉）试题
1.简述鼓室成型手术的原则。
（20分）
2.简述变应性鼻炎的分类及其理论依据。
（20分）
3.简述慢性咽炎的病因及其研究进展。
（20分）
4.简述喉癌手术术式的选择。
（20分）
5.简述常见颈部包块的鉴别诊断。
（20分）
2015年（耳鼻喉）试题
一、名词解释（4*5）
1.颈部淋巴结分区
3.Ostiomeatal complex
4.BPPV
二、问答题（4*20）
1.请阐述慢性咳嗽的定义、主要病因以及诊断思路。
2.请阐述过敏性鼻炎的发病机制及诊断和治疗方案。
3.请阐述梅尼埃病的病因病理、诊断和治疗。
4.喉梗阻的常见病因、分度及诊治。