七年级英语暑假专题 现在完成时(二) 外研版 知识精讲

七年级英语暑假专题现在完成时（二）外研版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
现在完成时态2
二. 教学重点
现在完成时态2
三. 具体内容
现在完成时态（2）
要表达“刚刚做完某事”、“已经做完某事”时，我们同样可以用现在完成时
I have just heard the news. 我刚刚听到消息。

Astronauts have already been to the Moon . 宇航员已经去过月球了。

We have just started to explore other planets . 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。

可以看出，just用来表示“刚刚”，already用来表示“已经”，一般置于have／has之后，两者都用于肯定句，在否定句中要用yet，表示“还未”。

eg：
The scientists haven’t received any news from it yet. 科学家们还没有收到来自它的消息。

No one has discovered any life in space yet . 还没有人在宇宙中发现生命。

在现在完成时的表达中要注意have been to与have gone to的区别，前者表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了；而后者表示“去了某地”，现在不在这里（说话人所在地）。

试比较：
The spacecraft has gone into space. It won’t return. 太空船已经驶进太空，不回来了。

Astronauts have been to the space station. They returned last week.
宇航员们已经去过太空站了，上周回来的。

从第一句中的It won’t return. 可以判断出太空船进入了太空；第二句中They returned last week. 说明宇航员去过太空站，但现在在地球上。

eg：A: Is Tom in? 汤姆在吗？B: No, he has gone to town.不在，他进城了（他现在不在这里）。

***交际用语与背景知识
1. 询问“某人干过某件事与否”的用语及应答
—Have people sent astronauts to the moon recently?
最近人们往月球上送宇航员了吗?
—No , they haven’t .
不，没有。

eg：
—Has he taken his temperature ?
他量过体温了吗?
—Yes , he has . But he hasn’t a high fever . 是的，不过他没发高烧。

询问“某事是否发生了”的用语及应答。

—Has it reached Mars yet？它（飞船）已经到达火星了?
—Yes , it has. It has just reached Mars. 是的。

它刚刚到达火星。

eg：
—Has the train left yet ? 火车已经离开了吗?
—No, it hasn’t . It’s leaving at 5:00pm . 不，还没有。

下午5:00离开。

不管是问人还是问事，多用现在完成时态的一般疑问句，而且表达过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，回答语多用yes或no。

2. 询问发生过某事的地点、原因及回答。

—Why haven’t they sent us a message ? 他们为什么没给我们发过信息?
—Because they can’t hear us. 因为他们听不到我们。

—Where has it landed ? 飞船在哪里着的陆?
—On Mars . 在火星上。

为了强调动作对现在造成的结果，往往用现在完成时态。

在英国习惯用现在完成时态，而在美式英语中多用一般过去时。

eg：
—Why didn’t you come? 你为什么没来?
—Because I missed the bus . 因为我误了班车。

3. 询问对方是否知道某事及应答。

—Did you know that scientists have discovered water On Mars?
你知道科学家已在火星上发现了水吗?
—No ! Really ? That’s very interesting . 不知道!真的吗?真有意思。

当不知道时，回答语还可以用Sorry…语气更加委婉，英国英语多用sorry代替no。

eg：
—Do you know the woman in red coat?你认识穿红上衣的那个妇女吗?
—Sorry , I’ve never seen her . 对不起，我从未见过她。

当知道时，回答语可以用yes…来去示肯定，美国人很自信，多用sure或certainly代替yes。

eg：
—Do you know the key to the question?你知道这个问题的答案吗？
—Sure／Certainly . I have just worked out . 当然知道。

我刚刚算出来的。

现在完成时态中，过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响是其用法之一。

注意：过去发生的动作有早有晚，所用副词也不一样，离结果远的动作多与ever连用，离结果近的动作多与just连用。

eg：
I’ve ever dreamed of becoming a teacher，but now I’m a doctor.
我曾梦想过当老师，但现在是一名医生了。

My father has just come back from New York . Now he is going to Paris .
我爸爸刚从纽约回来，现在又要去巴黎了。

【典型例题】
一. 写出下列动词的过去分词
1. take
2. make
3. go
4. hear
5. find
二. 选择填空。

1. —May I speak to John?
—Sorry, he __________Japan. But he __________ in two days.
A. has been to, will come back
B. has gone to, will be back
C. has been in, would come back
D. has gone to, won’t come hack
2. China_________ the WTO last year and _______a new member of it.
A. joined,has become
B. join, become
C. will join, become
D. has joined, has become
3. I _______ the dinner already.
A. had cooked
B. cooked
C. have cooked
D. cook
4. I my sister for two years.
A. see
B. have see
C. have not seen
D. saw
5. —Where have you ________these days? _____ to Dazhu with my friends.
A. been, gone
B. been, been
C. gone, been
D. gone, gone
6. —Where is Han Mei now? —She _________ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has been
B. goes
C. has gone
D. had gone
7. —________to the United States? —No, never, but I went to Canada a few __________ years ago.
A. Have you been
B. Have you gone
C. Did you go
D. Will you go
8. You must drive ___________ next time, or there may he another accident.
A. more carefully
B. carefully
C. careful
D. more careful
9. —Where’s Tom now?—He __________ the post office.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D. goes to
10. —Mary hasn’t paid for the school things,_____?
A. she has
B. has she
C. she has
D. have she
三. 根据汉语意思完成下列各句，每空一词。

1. 他们刚刚在火星上着陆了。

They ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ .
2. 我们在山上发现了很多其他动物。

We _____ _____ ___ ____ animals in the mountain.
3. 他们已经访问了那位科学家。

They______ ______ that ______.
4. 星期六是按土星命名的。

Saturday ____ ______ ______the planet Saturn.
5. 他们已经把信息发送回地球了。

They______ ______messages _______ ______the Earth.
答案：
一.
1. took
2. made
3. gone
4. heard
5. found
二.
1—5 BACCB 6—10 CAABB
三.
1. have just landed on Mars
2. have found many other
3. have visited, scientist
4. is named after
5. have sent, back to
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. Scientists think there has been life on Earth for _______ years.
A. millions of
B. hundreds of
C. five million of
D. million of
2. The Sun and its planets ___________the solar system.
A. called
B. named
C. is called
D. are called
3. It is hard __________ his strange idea.
A. understand
B. say
C. understood
D. to understand
4. It was said that some spacecraft have gone_______the solar system.
A. into
B. beyond
C. out
D. towards
5. However, no one ________ any life in space yet.
A. has been discovered
B. discovered
C. has discovered
D. have discovered
6. I don’t think the book is useful, __________?
A. don’t I
B. is it
C. doesn’t it
D. isn’t it
7. ________ our eyes, we can see more than stars at night.
A. With; two thousand
B. In, two thousand
C. With; two thousands
D. In; two thousands
8. —Ann has gone to Shanghai.
—So _________her parents.
A. do
B. has
C. did
D. have
9. —Have you finished ______ the words yet?
—Yes, I ________.
A. copying; did
B. to copy; did
C. copying; have
D. to copy; have
10. —How long have you ________ the basketball team of the school?
—About two years.
A. been on
B. been at
C. joined
D. played
二. 完型填空
Mid-Autumn Festival is an important day for the Chinese people, It falls on August 15 of Chinese lunar calendar. We eat mooncakes on that day . A mooncake is a round___1____. It looks like the __2 __. But what do you know about the moon?
The moon is a ___3___ like the earth. The earth is 4 than the sun. The moon is smaller than __5___ . So it is the smallest of the ____6____ . A man is ___7 __on the moon than
on the earth. Walking __8__ the moon is harder than ___9__ on the earth. It’s like jumping and flying. I think it is very interesting. I want to 10 the moon some day. What about you? Do you want to go to the moon?
1. A. cake B. meat C. nut D. apple
2. A. tree B. moon C. orange D. banana
3. A. something B. bell C. ball D. ring
4. A. dearer B. greater C. bigger D. smaller
5. A. a house B. the hill C. a river D. the earth
6. A. two B. three C. four D. five
7. A. lighter B. heavier C. taller D. shorter
8. A. in B. on C. near D. outside
9. A. walking B. walk C. to walk D. running
10. A. seeing B. watching C. leaving D. go to
三. 阅读理解
A
Yang Liwei circled the earth 14 times in 21 hours on October 15 and 16, 2003,landing on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Looking a little tired, Yang stepped out of Shenzhou V, smiling and waving at the waiting people “I feel very good” Yang sa id to premier Wen Jiabao on the phone. Yang said to a newspaper, “To our motherland and me, this is a great moment.”
China’s launch of Shenzhou V shows a higher starting point. It has two special systems (系统）to protect the spaceman, but neither Russian rockets（火箭）nor American ones have.
Yang didn’t know that he was chosen as China’s first spaceman until just before the launch. Although Yang was excited at the news, he still slept at 8p. m. as usual and was woken up at 2 a. m. the next morning. Before the launch, Yang ate Chinese traditional food-dumplings. We all know that travelers usually eat them before going on a journey for good luck.
A stamp Success of China’s First Manned Space Flight was issued（发行）on October 16,2003,making China the third country to send a spaceman into outer space.
1. It took Yang to travel around the earth every circle.
A. 6 hours
B. 90 minutes
C. 1.5 hours
D. 21 hours
2. How did Yang feel after he came back to the earth?
A. Quite tired.
B. A little afraid.
C. Tired but excited.
D. A little nervous.
3. Which of the following statements（叙述）is right?
A. There is no difference between China’s spaceship and other countries.
B. Yang knew he’d be China’s first spaceman long before.
C. At the news, Yang was too excited to fall asleep.
D. Yang was proud of the flight.
4. What does the underlined（划线的）word launch mean?
A. 发射
B. 出发
C. 制造
D. 设计
5. China issued the stamps to ________.
A. leave them in space
B. give them to Yang Liwei as a reward
C. celebrate the success
D. give them to Russian and American
B
6. Where can you find information on elephants?
A. On pages 517—528.
B. On pages 529—615.
C. On pages 616—619.
D. On pages 493—496.
7. If you want m know about Chinese film star Cheng Long, where should you begin your search?
A. POSTAL INFORMATION-on pages 1033—1039.
B. ACTORS AND ACTRESSES on pages 385—399.
C. ENVIRONMENT on pages 80—101.
D. NATIONAL PARKS on pages 747—749.
8. A person who likes surfing can find the information about how to surf on pages
A. 142—144
B. 841—873
C. 884—978
D. 517—528
9. If you are interested in Thomas Edison, you may search in for information about him.
A. DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS
B. ART, FAMOUS
C. POPULATION
D. EDUCATION
10. You can find information on “ Thanksgiving Day” on pages
A. 841—873
B. 108—109
C. 284—321
D. 513—516
四. 根据句意完成下列各句，每空一词。

1. Have you heard from your aunt r_______?
2. Shenzhou VI is an u_______spacecraft, isn’t it?
3. It is impolite to ask a woman’s age because it’s a s________.
4. A thousand million is a b_______.
5. We can’t go b _________ that point.
五. 阅读下面短文，用文中括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。

We have a radio station in our school. It is great because it __1_ （run）by the students for the school. It __2_ （start）two years ago. And I __3__（be）a student member of the radio station for two years.
Every morning we tell the student’s about the weather and latest news, plus some special messages that the teachers want us to mention.
During exam time we have a special programme that __4__ （tell）the students the things they should or shouldn’t__5_ （do）for preparation. At the end of the school year, many students who__6__（graduate）use our station to give messages to their close friends and teacher.
When parents come ___7__（visit）the school and talk to the teachers in the evening, we always play songs __8__（sing）by the students, and we also report the events to the parents, such as outings and sports meetings.
I’m graduating soon. I __9_ （miss）the radio station, and I __10__（hope）that it shall live on forever.
六. 补全对话
Zhu Lei: Hello. Is Mei Ya in, please?
Mei Ya: __1__ Who is that?
Zhu Lei: This is Zhu Lei here. Have you watched the performance by Tai Lihua at CCTV Spring Festival Gala（中央电视台春节联欢晚会）for 2005 ?
Mei Ya: __2__
Zhu Lei: I haven’t either. But it’s said this is a ve ry beautiful dance.
Mei Ya: __3__ Was it given by Tai Lihua only?
Zhu Lei: No, it was given by Tai Lihua and other 19 girls. And many people in the country were moved（感动）by it.
Mei Ya: Why were so many people moved? Was there anything special about it?
Zhu Lei: Yes. These 20 girls are all deaf and mute（哑的）ones.
Mei Ya: Oh, I understand. I hope I can have a chance to watch it.
Zhu Lei: Don’t worry. Here comes the chance. Look, I’ve got two tickets for their performance in Wuhan Theatre tonight. 4
Mei Ya: Sure. How shall we get there?
Zhu Lei: __5__ It is not far from here .
Mei Ya: OK. I’ll wait for you at home at five. See you later.
Zhu Lei: See you.。