2021新高考英语仿真重难点冲刺卷(适合山东江苏等十省)7

2021新高考英语仿真重难点冲刺套卷（四）原卷版第一部分语言运用（共80分）一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AThe Apollo Missions“That's one small step for a man.One giant leap for mankind.”—Neil Armstrong Apollo’s GoalsThe national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity.Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.Apollo13Apollo13has been called a“successful failure,”because the crew never landed on the Moon,but they made it home safely after an explosion crippled their ship.When the associated heater was turned on during flight,the tank exploded depleting almost all of the power from the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunar module as a lifeboat. Jim Lovell,Fred Haise and Jack Swigert came home safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch:April11, 1970;splashdown:April17)Apollo14Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut,Alan Shepard,to space,Apollo14 also was probably the smoothest lunar landing to that point.The crew spent more than nine hours outside the lunar module and set up a number of experiments.Shepard set a new distance record by walking more than9,000feet on the lunar surface,pulling a hand cart to carry their tools and samples.(Launch:Jan.31,1971:lunar landing:Feb.5:splashdown,Feb. 9)Apollo15For the first time,humans drove a car on the Moon.The first of the Apollo“J”Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon-the mission carried a lunar rover,which Commander David Scott and Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on the surface for more than I8hours.They traveled more than17miles in the rover,setting up experiments and collecting170pounds of samples.Before leaving the lunar surface,Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum,without air resistance,would fall at the same rate.He dropped a geological hammer and a feather,which hit the ground at the same time,proving Galileo right.(Launch:July26,1971,lunar landing: July30:splashdown:Aug.7)1.Why has Apollo13been called a“successful failure”?A.Apollo13finally exploded as planned in space.B.All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon.C.The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth.D.The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon.2.Which of the following is True according to the passage?A.It took five days for Apollo14to reach the Moon.B.The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel.C.Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon.D.Apollo15remained in space for the shortest period of time.3.Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found?A.Booming ScienceB.Exploring the UnknownC.Mechanical WorldD.Transforming MoonBDon't you wish those long summer days could last forever?An island in northern Norway is campaigning to do just that.Sommaroey---meaning“Summer Island”---wants to throw away its watches and declare itself the world's first time-free zone.On this island in West Troms,north of the Arctic Circle,the sun doesn't set from May18right through to July26.The locals,having suffered the long polar night from November to January,when the sun doesn’t rise at all,make the most of these precious months,without regard the conventional(依照惯例的)timekeeping.“When there’s constantly daylight,we act accordingly(照着),says islander Kjell Ove Hveding in statement.“In the middle of the night，which city folk might call‘2:00am’,you can spot children playing soccer,people painting their houses or mowing their lawns,and teens going for a swim.”Islanders hope to be free of traditional opening hours and to introduce flexibility in school and working hours.Fishing and tourism are the main industries on this island with a population of little more than300people.Hveding says local fishermen and women often spend days on the ocean pursuing their catch,with little regard to timekeeping It’s clear they mean business.Islanders gathered at town hall meeting to sign petition(请愿)for a time-free zone and on June13,Hveding met with a Norwegian official to hand over the locals'signatures and to discuss the practical and legal challenges of the initiative.“To many of us,getting this in writing would simply mean formalizing something we have been practicing for generations,”he says.Now,when visitors cross the bridge to the island from the mainland,they aren’t greeted with love locks like on similar bridges worldwide.The bridge is covered with watches,as people prepare for entry to the land where time is forgotten.4.How long are the polar days on Sommaroey?A.About2months.B.About3months.C.About4months.D.About5months.5.What can we learn about the islanders from the third paragraph?A.They prefer to work at night.B.They arrange their time flexiblyC.They can’t distinguish day from night.D.They are bothered by the constant daylight.6risa6.What do the islanders intend to do?A.Raise locals'awareness of time.B.Make the time-free zone official.C.Promote their fishing and tourism.D.Have their working hours extended.7.Which can best replace the underlined part in Paragraph5?A.They are traditional.B.They are greedy.C.They are serious.D.They are friendly.CHundreds of ambulances(救护车)in the UK are still using devices that run on outdate Windows operating systems,making them more vulnerable(易受攻击的)to cyberattacks. The WannaCry ransomware that knocked out computers at dozens of hospitals in2017took advantage of a similar vulnerability.According to data obtained through Freedom of Information(FOI)requests,North East Ambulance Service and Yorkshire Ambulance Service use devices in their ambulances daily that run on Windows XP.About500vehicles run by the Yorkshire Ambulance Service have a mobile device terminal that controls a vehicle’s GPS navigation(导航)and deals with status messages,such as where a patient lives and the type of emergency.Some350run on Windows XP,which hasn’t been supported by Microsoft since April2014.Yorkshire Ambulance Service says it will update these by15October.North East Ambulance Service runs XP on devices in550vehicles.London Ambulance Service also says it has five XP devices,but they aren’t connected to the internet.New Scientist put in FOI requests to all the ambulance trusts in England last year asking whether devices within each trust ran on Windows XP,Windows98or Windows95.Only those mentioned in this article were using outdated versions of Windows and all three refused to provide additional comment.“In each dual crewed ambulance and rapid response vehicle there is a mobile dataterminal,which is controlled by a third party company,Terrafix,”says Yorkshire Ambulance Service in its FOI response.Terrafix didn’t respond to New Scientist’s request for comment.“Terrafix provides systems to many ambulances,so is a high-level potential target for hackers(黑客)，”says Ray Walsh at advocacy group ProPrivacy.“The company is responsible for systems that provide the information that first responders and paramedics receive while on call,”he says.“If it were to be hacked,criminals could potentially get hold of any patient data that is provided by the mobile data terminal in the ambulance or,worse,interfere with the vital information that enables the ambulance to get to the patient quickly."Windows XP no longer gets security updates.Potential consequences were seen in2017, when the WannaCry ransomware attacks took down hundreds of thousands of computers worldwide.More than60UK National Health Service trusts were affected,which prevented doctors from accessing patient records and forced the cancellation of many procedures.WannaCry attacked computers that hadn’t been updated with the latest Windows security patches(补丁)or that ran versions of the operating system that Microsoft no longer supported.8.What does the FOI data indicate?A.Hospitals fall victim to cyberattacks.B.Ambulances in the UK are not well equipped.C.Windows XP is popular with ambulance services.D.Ambulance services in the UK provide poor services9.How did Terrafix respond to New Scientist's FOI request?A.Coldly.B.Slowly.C.Positively.D.Intelligently.10.What kind of feeling does Ray Walsh express?A.Anger.B.Shock.C.Concern.D.Disappointment.11.What do we know about the WannaCry ransomware attacks in2017?A.Microsoft was to blame for them.B.Their targets were Windows users.C.Most ambulances in the UK were attacked.D.Medical services were affected most severely.DSome termite(白蚁)species have figured out how to enjoy the shelter of the huge complex nests that the insects build without contributing to their construction.They avoid the full anger of their builder hosts by being extremely easy-going.Animals that live in the nests of another species without affecting them are known as inquilines.Inquiline termites are unique among termites in being unable to make their own nests.Instead,they live in the hallways built by another termite,Constrictotermes cyphergaster.Until now,it has been unclear how the two parties kept peaceful in such tight quarters because termites are typically very aggressive towards outsiders.Helder Hugo at the University of Konstanz in Germany and his colleagues collected Constrictotermes cyphergaster’s nests in the Brazilian Cerrado and brought them into the laboratory.They then placed host and tenant(房客)termites in either open or narrow areas and used video to track and record the ways in which the two species reacted to each other.Right from the start,the inquiline’termites moved around less than their hosts and interacted little with them,even in the much narrower area.“Many times,”says Hugo,“when two unrelated groups are put together in a limited space—such as an experimental area—the outcome is conflict with losses from both sides.”But that didn’t happen here.Despite attacks from host termites,the tenant termites were obedient.Hosts would bite or attack the inquilines with strong chemicals,but their targets never responded in the same way,choosing to flee.Some ignored the hosts completely.“We did not expect that they would never fight back,”says Hugo,noting that the inquilines are capable of protecting their own place with mouths.“By preventing conflict going worse,inquiline termites may considerably improve their chances of living together with their host termites peacefully.”“Passiveness does not necessarily lead to defeat,but can be a very useful strategy,saving energy and resources,”she adds.“Nature may not always be red in tooth and claw,and aggression is not any more successful a strategy than‘cowardice’(儒弱).”12.What is the feature of the inquiline termites?A.They live in another termite species’nests.B.They are aggressive towards outsiders.C.They like to build their own nests.D.They are communicative tenants.13.What do you learn about the experiment in paragraph3?A.The differences between the two species.B.The findings of the observation.C.The living habits of termites.D.The process of the research.14.What does Hugo think of the inquiline termites’living strategy?A.Aggressive.B.Unacceptable.C.Effective.D.Dangerous.15.What’s the best title for the text?A.The Characteristics of TermitesB.Passiveness Doesn’t Necessarily Lead to DefeatC.The Relationship Between Host and Tenant TermitesD.Termites Use Cowardice to Avoid Their Hosts’Anger二、七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。