简单句(1)

句子结构及成分一.陈述句, 疑问句, 祈使句, 感叹句句子按用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn‟t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, can‟t she?3）祈使句：表示命令或者请求. 又叫无主句，主语通常为you,省略.Be careful, boys; Don‟t talk in class4）感叹句：how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（划线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。

）2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。

e.g. The teacher‟s name is Smith, and the student‟s name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。

e.g. Hurry up, or you‟ll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。

e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。

e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分。

（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系，而不是从属关系）。

复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。

1.It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）2.What he said is wrong.（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。

What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。

What he said作主语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。

因此，本句是复合句。

What he said是名词性从句作主语）。

3.The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）4.The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。

因此本句是复合句。

）5.I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）6.I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。

后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。

因此是复合句。

练习：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn‟t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn‟t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.11. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm.12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.考点：两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。

是并列句时要有and, so, but,等并列连词或用分号。

是复合句时也要有连接词。

总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。

如：I like English, my English is very good.×I like English and my English is very good.√As I like English, my English is very good. √I have a house, its windows are very big. ×I have a house and its windows are very big. √I have a house, whose windows are very big. √二.句子成分现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种：除主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）之外还有表语（predicative）（同位语）。

许国璋英语中划句子成分的符号主语在下面划一直线谓语在下面划曲线宾语在下面划双横线定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，钉谐音为“定语” 的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。

可由1.名词、2.代词、3.数词、4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式、6.动名词、7.主语从句等表示。

练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn‟t at home is not true练习2. 改错1)Do exercise everyday is good for your health.2)That what he said isn‟t true.3)He came late made his teacher angry.4)On the desk is two books.2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。