天车、游车、井架

天车常见问题：FAQ for Crown



天车为什么比游车多一个滑轮？ Why does a crown block have one more sheave than the matching traveling block? 为什么要装飞机架？Why is a crown jib needed? 为什么要装栏杆和踢脚板？Why are handrails and toeboards are needed? 为什么要安装登梯助力器支架？Why is climb assistor post needed? 为什么客户要求在登梯助力器支架及飞机架上打SWL标识？Why does customers require for SWL identification on climb assistor and crown jib? 为什么要用防碰木？为什么要装挡绳辊？为什么要装天车滑轮护罩？ Why is bumper timer is needed? Why are jump bars needed? Why are guards needed for sheaves? 为什么天车梁下面要安装很多耳板，典型的布置如何？为什么？Why are many padeyes installed under the framework? What is the typical layout? Why? 天车总成如何吊装/运输，其吊装点在哪里？How to lift/transfer a crown block assembly? Where are lifting eyes/points/trunions? 为什么天车主滑轮和快绳轮要有一定的斜度？Why are cluster sheaves and fastline sheave a bit skewed? 天车滑轮的材料是什么？天车滑轮需要淬火吗？What are the materials of crown sheaves? Is quenching needed for crown sheaves? 天车滑轮需要探伤吗？Is there any NDT needed for crown sheaves? 滑轮上为什么要装轴承？轴承与滑轮是通过什么工艺装配的？Why is shaft bearing needed for sheave? By what technical process? 滑轮轴中间为什么要侧通孔和侧孔？什么叫集中润滑？Why is there a thru-hole and side holes in the crown shaft? What does it mean by “centralized lube”? 天车有哪些随机配件/一年配件/二年配件？What are complementary/1Y/2Y spare parts for Crown block? 天车的生产周期如何计算？How to estimate leading time for a crown block?
讨论以下问题：Topics for Discussion(Brainstorm)



为什么运输时要标出重心位置？安装或运输时为什么必须有吊装点？Why must COG(center of gravity) be identified for transportation? Why must lifting points/eyes/lugs be available for installation and transportation? 方案图与部件/零件图有什么区别？详图上的BOM表(料单）有什么用？为什么建 议在料单上要标明原产地？为什么上面有技术要求？What is the difference between schematics and detail/workshop drawings( components or fittings)? What is the use of BOM(Bill of Materials)? How come Origin of Manufacture(Why must the technical requirements be available in a drawing? 什么是竣工图？What is the as-built dwg? 什么是随机配件？什么是一年备件？什么是二年备件？What are spare fittings (complementary) ? What are 1Y spare parts? What are 2Y spare parts? 什么是总装配件？What are rig-up fittings? 如何对一个部件进行报价？How to quote a component? 一个部件的交货期是如何计算的？主要的卡阻点究竟在哪里？How to estimate the leading time of a component? What are major points that may arrest the progress?
天车图片
天车图册 Pictorial Illustrated Catelog(PIC)
见附件：其中英文名称都有详细注明 See attachment, which is shown bilingually (C&E) in details. 扩展阅读及翻译：(该部分属于口笔译考核内容） Extended Reading and Translation/Intepretation(see:P22-25 The Rotary Rig and Its Components UNIT 1 Lesson 1 ) 主要专业词汇：Major Special Terms 天车架：crown block frame 飞机架：Crown jib 主滑轮组：cluster sheaves
井架Mast/Derrick
井架有以下几种型式： 1.塔式井架 tower-like derrick 2.K型井架 /前开口井架 Cantilever Mast/Front Open Mast 3.桅杆式井架：Mast with guywires 4.A型井架 A-shape Mast 详见下一个幻灯片 专业术语详见《井架图册》
报价注意事项 (Notes for Quote Offer)





对照图纸上BOM表弄清所有的材料成本；（并核实某些关键件 的产地，否则价格差异会相当大）(BOM) 对照“技术要求”弄清工艺可能产生的费用；(Technical requirements) 拓宽思路，想到客户可能有的额外需求？(possible addition not specified) 弄清接口问题（如这个设备是用于与另一设备相连接的，接口 问题如何处理）(interconnection/interfaces) 涂装费用：如果是薄板需要考虑增加涂装成本；(Painting) 如果有改造一定要增加修补费用（Trimming and Dressing) 包装发运要求及其费用；(packing and tr等见彭 （长印）工的幻灯片，请收集相关数据
思考：After-Class exercise
1.天车滑轮与游车滑轮能否互换？Is a sheave crown block interchangeable with that of a traveling block?

主要专业术语：Main special terms 横梁体：cross beam 滑轮组：cluster sheaves 侧板：side plates 提环：bail 大钩：hook 大钩筒体：barrel 钩身：main body of hook 内/外承载弹簧：inner/outer spring 钩杆：hook shaft 安全销体：safety latch
2.游车+大钩与游钩是一回事吗？Is block & hook and combo the same concept?
3.其余问题同天车。More questions pls refer to those of Crown Block 关于质量控制各生产方面请见《检查对照表》Regarding QC and production, pls refer to Checklist for Inspection
快绳轮：fastline sheave
主要专业词汇：Major Special Terms 天车架：crown block frame 飞机架：Crown jib 主滑轮组：cluster sheaves
快绳轮：fastline sheave
绳槽：sheave groove 穿绳：string-up 集中润滑：centralized lube 悬挂耳板：hang-off padeye 辅助滑轮：auxiliary sheave
本讲内容请参见《石油钻井机械教材》上册30-47页，请自觉对照 中文进行口译。 英文资料请参见 Rotary Drilling Series The Rotary Rig and Its components 13-23页 课后作业：1.对天车、游车、井架报价(包括：标准价、整改价、 翻新价）2.井架、天车、游车各有什么电、气、液接口，请列举； 3.什么是井电预埋件？为什么要进行井电预埋？
钻机知识系列讲座Drilling Rig Series 2
天车、游车、井架 Crown Block, Traveling Block and Mast/Derrick
项目运行部 Project Operation Department
学习目的：Target




掌握这些部件的结构及工作原理 Master the structures and operating principles of these components; 掌握这些部件的制作工艺及质量控制点Master the technical requirements and processes and quality control points. 掌握这些部件的报价拆分。Master how to break down the prices and quote. 掌握这些部件可能的接口。Master the possible interfaces to other equipment. 了解各种型号的大致包装尺寸及重量。Get to know the approximate packing dimensions and weight.