主语从句和定语从句
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动词后加to do 和 doing的记忆口诀
一、只能用动名词作宾语
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否定完成停欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意弃逃亡。
consider 考虑suggest 建议/advocate 提倡主张 look forward to 盼望 forgive 原谅/pardon 原谅 acknowledge 承认/admit 承认 postpone 延迟延期/delay 延迟/defer 拖延 recall 回想/fancy 幻想爱好 avoid 避免 miss 错过 keep 保持 practise 练习实践 deny 否认 complete 完成/finish 完成 cease 停止/quit 放弃停止 appreciate 感激欣赏forbid 禁止/prevent 阻止 imagine 设想 risk 冒险 can’t help 不禁 mind 介意 escape 逃跑逃避
二、
要求跟不定式的动词
希望想学就同意:hope/wish, would like/want, learn, agree 需要决定选to do:need, decide, choose
开始喜爱又讨厌:begin/start, like/prefer/love, hate
忘记、停止继续试:forget, remember, stop, go on, try (to do; doing意不同)
命令、警告邀人教:order, warn, ask 请/tell 叫/invite 邀请, teach + sb. to do
希望想让别人做:wish, want/would like, get 使得;答应/allow 允许 + sb. to do
五看三使役:see/look/watch/notice/observe, make/let/have 使得;
名词性从句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类,在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
一、引导名词性从句的关联词
A.that
连词that本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,在宾语从句中有时可省略。
I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。
That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知,光是以直线传播的。
It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。
B.who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用,同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。
We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。
Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。
C.where, when, how, why
连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词,又作状语。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。
比较:
when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。
Please let me know when you arrive. 你到的时候,请告诉我一声。(when引导的是
时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。)
Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。(when引导的是宾语从句,从句中用一般将来时。)
一、表语从句
表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。
A.可接表语从句的连系动词
可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, sound, appear等。
China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。
It appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.
二、同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导,但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。
A.同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等的面。
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来?
I have no idea whether he'll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going t spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 There is no doubt that we will win. 毫无疑问我们会赢的。注意:
当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时,可以把谓语动词提前,使同位语从