名词性从句在高考语法填空中的应用

名词性从句在高考上海语法填空中的应用

解题技巧：

1．名词性从句中连接词的选用应该遵循“语义是否完整，所填部分充当什么成分”的原则。语义完整选用连词：that, whether, if；连接代词who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在名词性从句中作主语、宾语；whose作定语，后面接名词。连接副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever在名词性从句中作状语。2. that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。?that与whether都是连词，引导名词性从句时，在句中只起连接作用，都不担任句子成分，使用时有下列区别：

（1）that本身无意义，仅起连接作用，有时可以省略；whether本身有意义，意为“是否”，表明从句意义的不确定性，在句中均不可省略。

（2）如果宾语从句表示两种可能性选择其一时，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。（3）whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。

3. whether和if的区别。

（1）whether可以引导介词宾语从句，而if不能。

（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。

（3）whether后可以直接跟or not，if则不能。

（4）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。

（5）whether …or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；if可以引导条件状语从句。

做得更好。

4. 连接代词与连接副词的区别。

（1）wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指；而what，which，who，when，where，how等词都有时含有疑问意义，表示特指。

（2）介词后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的选择问题，则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。

（3）正确使用who/ whoever，what/whatever，how/however，where/wherever，when/whenever，which/whichever，who，what，where，when，how，which一要分析句子结构，看其在从句中作何成分，二是理清其在句中的含义。

一、观察分析从句结构，选用适当的连词完成下列句子。

1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.

2. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

3. It is by no means clear ______ he president can do to end the strike.

4. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.

5. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

6. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.

7. It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.

8. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.

9. It doesn’t matter _______ you turn right or left at the crossing —both roads lead to the park.

10. It suddenly occurred to him ______ he had left his keys in the office.

11. The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.

12. Scientists study _______ human brains work to make computers.

13. I made a promise to myself _______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.

14. The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed. 15．There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.

二、注意从句成分是否完整，选用适当的引导词完成句子。

1．We haven’t discussed yet _______ we are going to place our new furniture.

2．Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.

3．I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.

4．—It’s no use having ideas only.

—Don’t worry. Peter can show you ________to turn an idea into an act.

5．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew______ she was so angry.

6．We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.

7．One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.

8．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.

—That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.

9．—Have you finished the book

—No. I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.

10．Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season. 11．It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 12．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives.

13．As a new graduate, he doesn’t know _______ it takes to start a business here.

14．To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. 15．—How about camping this weekend, just for a change —OK, you want.

16．It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

三、分析句子结构，完成下列句子。

1. ________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

2. Experts believe _______ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

3. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.

4. _______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

5. It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.