化学用语中英文对照
化学用语中英文对照
化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水 fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气 octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油 plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式 valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用 compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属。
(完整版)化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学用语中英文对照(修订)
* *化学实验室常用物品英文名称1、常用仪器试管test tube试管架test rack试管夹test tube holder玻璃棒glass rod滴管medicine dropper小滴管dropper烧杯beaker不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量杯measuring cup量筒measuring cylindermeasuring/graduated flask 漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatory funnel布氏漏斗Busher funnel赫氏漏斗Hirsch funnel长颈漏斗long-stem funnel无颈漏斗stemless funnel滤纸filter paper华特门滤纸Whatman (filter) paper 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle烧瓶flask平底烧瓶florence flask碘量瓶iodine flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer flaskconical flask容量瓶volumetric flaskmeasuring flask 移液管(one-mark) pipette移液管架pipette rack洗耳球rubber suction bulb刻度移液管graduated pipettes吸液管pipette滴定管burette滴定管夹burette clamp滴定架burette holder滴定台support holder酸氏滴定管Geiser burette (stopcock)碱氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock石蕊试纸litmus paper石蕊litmuspH值指示剂PH indicatorpH计pH meter广泛ph试纸universal ph indicator paper三口烧瓶3-neck round bottom flask蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask滴液漏斗dropping adapter加装温度计的瓶塞reducing adapter 减压蒸馏头vacuum-distilling adapter克氏蒸馏头Claisen distilling adapter球型冷凝管Allihn condenser* *直型冷凝管West condenser空气冷凝管air condenserLiebig condenser 蛇型冷凝管Grahams condenser 蒸馏头three-way adapter分馏柱fractionating column接液管105 degree bent adapter adapter曲颈甑retort坩埚crucible (pot)melting pot坩埚钳crucible clampcrucible tong天平balance , scale分析天平analytical balance电子天平electronic balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights称量瓶weighing bottle称量纸weighing paper研钵mortar研杵pestle玛瑙研钵agate mortar2、其他常用器皿及仪器洗瓶plastic wash bottle试剂瓶reagent bottles塞子stopper橡胶塞rubber stopper玻璃塞Pennyhead stopper玻璃活塞stopcpck药匙lab spoon镊子forceps升降台lab jack铁架台iron support圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp螺旋夹screw clamp石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze 三角架tripod搅拌装置stirring device搅拌棒stirring rod表面皿watch glass 蒸发皿evaporating dish瓷蒸发皿porcelain旋转蒸发器rotary evaporator trap 冷凝器condenser玻璃活塞stopcock止水夹flat jaw pinch cock弹簧节流夹pinch clamp橡胶管rubber tubing恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator 真空泵vacuum pump真空阀vacuum traps多头抽真空装置vacuum manifold 抽滤瓶filter flasksuction flask离心机centrifuge离心管centrifuge tube电炉heater马弗炉furnace烘箱oven微波炉电热套heating mantle电动搅拌器power basic stirrer磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer转子rotor水浴bath沸石boiling stone剪刀scissor烤钵cupel石蜡封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specific gravity bottle提勒熔点管Thiele melting point tube水银温度计(mercury-filled) thermometer温度计thermometer倒置显微镜Inverted microscope 擦镜纸wiper for lens玻璃片glass plate盖玻片cover glass载玻片slide闪点仪flash point tester折光仪refractometer紫外灯ultraviolet illumination狭槽slot秒表stopwatch空气过滤器air filter(laminar flow cabinet)药柜cupboard 衣服挂钩coat hanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask 消毒器Sterilizer消毒剂disinfector空调机air conditioner摇床shaker螺丝钉screw螺丝刀screw driver螺栓，插销bolt锁紧螺母nut, cap nut齿槽,插口socket扳手shifting spanner锤子hammer钉子nail插头plug电极electrode电泳槽gel tank微细胞；小电泳槽minicell复印机duplicatorcopying machine复印纸copy paper复写纸carbon paper关节joint计时器timer闹钟alarm clock订书机staplerU形钉staple3、有关化学反应的词汇分析analysis 分馏fractionation吸热反应endothermic reaction放热反应exothermic reaction热力学thermodynamics动力学kinetics沉淀precipitate, precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment, sedimentation 蒸馏distill, distillation煅烧calcine氧化oxidize, oxygenate碱化alkalinization中和neutralize, neutralization滴定titration氢化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解solution燃烧combustion熔解fusion, melting碱性alkalinity同分异物现象isomerism水解hydrolysis电解electrolysis电解质溶液electrolyte电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode催化catalyse, catalyze催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization, oxidation还原剂reducer分解dissolution, decomposition 合成synthesis可逆的reversible 不可逆的irreversible仪器设备apparatus产物product1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团functional group双键double bond三键triple bond烃基hydroxy group琉基mercapto硫轻基sulfhydryl group羰基carbonyl group氨基amino group亚氨基imino group硝基nitro group亚硝基nitroso group氰基cyano group羧基carboxyl group磺基sulpho group烷基alkyl group苯基phenyl group卡基benzyl group芳基aryl group烯基allyl group烷氧基alkoxyl group酰基acyl group活性亚甲基active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃hydrocarbon石蜡paraffin脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃alkane烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne共扼二烯烃conjugated diene脂环烃alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物spiro compound桥环化合物bridged ring compound芳烃aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃condensed aromatics卤代烃halohydrocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol醚ether环氧化合物epoxide 冠醚crown ether 硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫醚sulfide二硫化物disulfide亚磺酸sulfinic acid 磺酸sulfonic acid 亚砜sulfoxide砜sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半缩醛hemiacetaI 半缩酮hemiketal 缩醛acetal缩酮ketal西佛碱shiff's base肟oxime腙hydrozone缩氨脲semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌quinone羧酸carboxylic acid酰卤acid halide酸酐acid anhydride酯ester酰胺amide內酯lactone内酰胺lactam月青nitrile取代酸substituted acid羟基酸hydroxy acid醇酸alcoholic acid酚酸phenolic acid酮酸keto acidB-酮酸酯B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物nitroso compound硝基化合物njtro compound亚胺imine胺amine伯胺primary amine仲胺secondary amine叔胺tertiary amine季铵盐quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐diazonium salt偶氮化合物azo compound胍guanidine氨基酸amino acid磷phosphine磷酸酯phosphate亚磷酸酯phosphite膦酸酯phosphonate膦酸phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯pyrrol* * 呋喃furane噻吩thiophone吲哚indole卟吩porphine咪唑imidazole噻唑thioazole吡啶pyridine喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐pyrylium salts黄酮flavone嘧啶pirimidine嘌呤purine4.有机天然产物肽peptide多肽polypeptide核酸nucleic acid核苷nucleoside核苷酸nucleotide生物碱alkaloid碳水化合物carbohydrate单糖monosaccharide醛糖aldoses酮糖ketosesD-核糖ribose D-2-脱氧核糖deoxyribose 葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose糖脎osazone糖苷glucoside低聚糖oligosaccharide 麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose纤维二糖cellobiose环糊精cyclodextrin多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch纤维素cellulose类脂lipid萜类化合物terpenoid甾族化合物steroid脂肪fat油oil脂肪酸fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯triglyceride磷脂phospholipid磷脂酸phosphalidic acid蜡wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论valence-bond theory分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory 共振论resonance theory凯库勒式Kekule formula路易斯式Lewis formulaσ键σbondπ键πbond键能bond energy键角bond angle键长bond Iength成键轨道bonding orbital反键轨道antibonding orbital最高已占轨道HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital 最低末占轨道LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应inductive effect共轭效应conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用hyperconjugation离域能delocalization energy共振能resonance energy给电子基团electron donating group吸电子基团electron withdrawing group芳性aromaticity休克尔规律Huckel's rule两性离子Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体isomer构造constitution构型configuration构象conformation构造异构constitutional isomerism立体异构stereo isomerism构型异构configurational isomerism顺反异构cis-trans isomerism次序规则sequence ruIe同侧Zugammen Z异侧Entgegen E顺式cis反式trans对映异构enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构optical isomerism旋光性optical activity旋光度optical rotation比旋光度specific rotation对称面plane of symmetry对称中心center of symmetry对称轴axis of symmetry手性chirality手性分子chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体enantiomer 非对映体diastereomer外消旋体raceme左旋体leveisomer右旋体dextroisomer内消旋体mesomer费歇尔投影式Fischer projection相对构型relative configuration绝对构型absolute configurationR -构型R -configurationS -构型S -configuration赤式erythro苏式threo外消旋化racemization拆分resolution光学纯度Optical Purity对映体过量百分数enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应stereoselective reaction不对称合成asymmetric synthesis构象异构conformational isomerism构象分析conformational analysis锯架式perspective formula纽曼投影式Newman projection formula椅式chair form船式boat form直立键a键axial bond平伏键e键equatorial bond互变异构tautomerism酮式keto-form烯醇式enol-form差向异构化epimerization变旋现象mutamerism哈武斯式Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应substitution reaction加成反应addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律Markovnikov rule 共轭加成conjugate addition消去反应elemination reaction查依采夫规律Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律Hofmann rule硼氢化反应hydroboration催化加氢catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应polymerization单体monomer聚合物polymer硝化反应nitration卤化反应halogenation磺化反应sulfonation烷基化反应alkylation酰基化反应acylation酯化反应esterification酯交换反应transesterification脱羧反应decarboxylation氯甲基化反应chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应Friedel-Crafts reaction 格利雅反应Grignard reaction 格利雅试剂(格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应Reimer-Tiemann reaction 卤仿反应haloform reaction水解反应hydrolysis reaction醇解反应alcoholysis reaction氨解反应ammonolysisi reaction皂化saponification插烯作用vinylogy缩合condensation克莱森缩合Claisen condensation安息香缩合benzoin condensation羟醛缩合aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应Michael reaction诺文格尔反应Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法William Son synthesis海森堡试验Hinsberg test重氮化反应diazotization reaction偶联反应coupling reaction脱氨基反应deamination reaction维悌希反应Wittig reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction周环反应pericyclic reaction环加成反应cycloaddition reaction电环化反应electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应Cannizzaro reaction 齐齐巴宾反应Chichibabin reaction 狄尔斯-阿德尔反应Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂Fehling reagent托伦试剂Tollens reagent沃克还原Wolff-Kishner reduction 罗森蒙德还原Rosenmund reduction 克莱门森还原Clemmenson reduction考普重排Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排Hofmann rearrangement 嚬哪醇重排pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排Fries rearrangement克莱森重排Claisen rearrangement二烯体diene亲二烯体dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理conversation of orbital symmetry8.有机反应机理均裂homolytic异裂heterolytic活性中间体active intermediate碳正离子carbocation碳负离子carbanion烯醇负离子enolate anion自由基，游离基free radical卡宾，碳烯carbene氮烯nitrene速度决定步骤rate-determining step哈蒙特假定Hammond postulate能线图energy profile过渡状态transition state邻基参与neighboring group participation动力学控制kinetic control热力学控制thermodynamic control离去基团leaving group底物substrate亲电试剂electrofphile亲核试剂nucleophile亲电加成反应electrophilic addition亲电取代反应electrophilic substitution定位规律orientation rule亲核取代反应nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化Walden inversion亲核加成反应nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理E2 reaction mechanism反式消去anti elimination重排反应机理rearrangement reaction mechanism 自由基反应free radical reaction链引发chain initation链增长chain propagation链终止chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换Fourier Transform指纹区finger print region吸收频率absorption frequency紫外光谱UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁elctronic transition吸光度absorbance摩尔消光系数molar extinction coefficient发色团chromophore助色团auxochrome核磁共振NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应shielding effect化学位移chemical shift自旋偶合spin-spin coupling自旋裂分spin-spin splitting偶合常数coupling constant质子去偶proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶proton off-resonance decoupling质谱Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击election impact (EI)快原子轰击fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰molecular ion peak同位素峰isotopic peak基峰base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键hydrogen bond色散力dispersion force 范德华力Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点melting point沸点boiling point密度density溶解度solubility偶极矩dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性acidity碱性basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！</HTML>化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应 exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象 hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油(美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油 plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属有机化学常用基团中英文对照Common control group of Organic Chemistry in Chinese and English甲基(缩写Me)——methyl 乙基(缩写Et)——ethyl丙基(缩写Pr)——propyl丁基(缩写Bu)——butyl戊基——amyl，pentyl己基——hexyl庚基——heptyl辛基——octyl壬基——nonyl癸基——decyl十一烷基——hendecyl十二烷基——dodecyl十六(烷)基/鲸蜡基——cetyl 十七(烷)基——heptadecyl 十八(烷)基——octodecyl苯基(缩写Ph)——phenyl苯甲基/苄基——phenmethyl 苯乙基——phenylethyl三价苯基——phenenyl乙氧苯基——phenelyl，ethoxyphenyl 萘基——naphthyl菲基——phenanthryl菲啶基——phenanthridinyl乙烯基(缩写Vi)——vinyl，ethenyl乙炔基——ethinyl己烯基——hexenyl庚烯基——heptenyl喹啉基——quinolyl吩噻嗪基——phenothiazinyl醌基——quinonyl，benzoquinonyl 甲酸基——formyl乙酰基、醋酸基——acetyl丙烯酰——acryloyl，acrylyl氨基/胺基——amidocyanogen，羰基——carbonyl羧基——carboxyl羟基/氢氧基——hydroxyl酯烷基——ester alkyl烷基——alkyl芳基——aryl环戊基——cyclopentyl环己基——cyclohexyl硝基——nitro-Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯 reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量 atomic number 原子数 atomic mass 原子质量 molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价 monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用 compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩 Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉 Caesium(Cs) 铯 Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎 Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬 Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝 Einsteinium(Es) 锿 Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕 Fermium(Fm) 镄 Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆 Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪 Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬 Hydrogen(H) 氢 Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁 Manganese(Mn) 锰 Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼 Neodymium(Nd) 钕 Neon(Ne) 氖Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌 Nitrogen(N) 氮 Nobelium(No) 锘 Osmium(Os) 锇 Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯 Phosphorus(P) 磷 Platinum(Pt) 铂 Plutonium(Pu) 钚Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨 Promethium(Pm) 钷 Protactinium(Pa) 镤 Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Scandium(Sc) 钪 Selenium(Se) 硒 Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠 Strontium(Sr) 锶 Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽 Technetium(Tc) 锝 Tellurium(Te) 碲Thallium(Tl) 铊 Thorium(Th) 钍 Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥 Titanium(Ti) 钛 Tungsten(W) 钨 Uranium(U) 铀 Vanadium(V) 钒 Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水 fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫 alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物 hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟 anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾 soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠 caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应 exothermic reaction 放热反应 precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧。
化学用语中英文对照（修订）
化学用语中英文对照（修订）化学实验室常用物品英文名称1、常用仪器试管test tube试管架test rack试管夹test tube holder玻璃棒glass rod滴管medicine dropper小滴管dropper烧杯beaker不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量杯measuring cup量筒measuring cylindermeasuring/graduated flask漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatory funnel布氏漏斗Busher funnel赫氏漏斗Hirsch funnel长颈漏斗long-stem funnel无颈漏斗stemless funnel滤纸filter paper华特门滤纸Whatman (filter) paper 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle 烧瓶flask平底烧瓶florence flask碘量瓶iodine flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer flaskconical flask容量瓶volumetric flaskmeasuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette移液管架pipette rack洗耳球rubber suction bulb刻度移液管graduated pipettes吸液管pipette滴定管burette滴定管夹burette clamp滴定架burette holder滴定台support holder 酸氏滴定管Geiser burette (stopcock) 碱氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock石蕊试纸litmus paper石蕊litmuspH值指示剂PH indicatorpH计pH meter广泛ph试纸universal ph indicator paper 三口烧瓶3-neck round bottom flask 蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask滴液漏斗dropping adapter加装温度计的瓶塞reducing adapter减压蒸馏头vacuum-distilling adapter 克氏蒸馏头Claisen distilling adapter 球型冷凝管Allihn condenser直型冷凝管West condenser空气冷凝管air condenserLiebig condenser蛇型冷凝管Grahams condenser蒸馏头three-way adapter分馏柱fractionating column接液管105 degree bent adapteradapter曲颈甑retort坩埚crucible (pot)melting pot坩埚钳crucible clampcrucible tong天平balance , scale分析天平analytical balance电子天平electronic balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights 称量瓶weighing bottle称量纸weighing paper研钵mortar研杵pestle玛瑙研钵agate mortar2、其他常用器皿及仪器洗瓶plastic wash bottle试剂瓶reagent bottles塞子stopper橡胶塞rubber stopper玻璃塞Pennyhead stopper玻璃活塞stopcpck药匙lab spoon镊子forceps升降台lab jack铁架台iron support圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp螺旋夹screw clamp石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze三角架tripod搅拌装置stirring device搅拌棒stirring rod表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish瓷蒸发皿porcelain旋转蒸发器rotary evaporator trap 冷凝器condenser玻璃活塞stopcock止水夹flat jaw pinch cock弹簧节流夹pinch clamp橡胶管rubber tubing恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator 真空泵vacuum pump 真空阀vacuum traps多头抽真空装置vacuum manifold 抽滤瓶filter flask suction flask离心机centrifuge离心管centrifuge tube电炉heater马弗炉furnace烘箱oven微波炉电热套heating mantle电动搅拌器power basic stirrer磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer转子rotor水浴bath沸石boiling stone 剪刀scissor烤钵cupel石蜡封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specific gravity bottle提勒熔点管Thiele melting point tube 水银温度计(mercury-filled) thermometer 温度计thermometer倒置显微镜Inverted microscope擦镜纸wiper for lens玻璃片glass plate盖玻片cover glass载玻片slide闪点仪flash point tester折光仪refractometer紫外灯ultraviolet illumination狭槽slot秒表stopwatch空气过滤器air filter(laminar flow cabinet) 药柜cupboard衣服挂钩coat hanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消毒剂disinfector空调机air conditioner摇床shaker螺丝钉screw螺丝刀screw driver螺栓，插销bolt锁紧螺母nut, cap nut齿槽,插口socket扳手shifting spanner锤子hammer钉子nail插头plug电极electrode电泳槽gel tank微细胞；小电泳槽minicell复印机duplicatorcopying machine复印纸copy paper复写纸carbon paper关节joint计时器timer闹钟alarm clockU形钉staple 订书机stapler3、有关化学反应的词汇分析analysis分馏fractionation吸热反应endothermic reaction放热反应exothermic reaction热力学thermodynamics动力学kinetics沉淀precipitate, precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment, sedimentation 蒸馏distill, distillation煅烧calcine氧化oxidize, oxygenate碱化alkalinization中和neutralize, neutralization滴定titration氢化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解solution燃烧combustion熔解fusion, melting碱性alkalinity同分异物现象isomerism水解hydrolysis电解electrolysis电解质溶液electrolyte电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode催化catalyse, catalyze催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization, oxidation还原剂reducer分解dissolution, decomposition 合成synthesis可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible仪器设备apparatus产物product1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone 羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts 黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate 单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose 葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory 共振论resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式perspective formula 纽曼投影式Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis 海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry 8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基，游离基 free radical卡宾，碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属有机化学常用基团中英文对照Common control group of Organic Chemistry in Chinese and English 甲基(缩写Me)——methyl乙基(缩写Et)——ethyl丙基(缩写Pr)——propyl丁基(缩写Bu)——butyl戊基——amyl，pentyl己基——hexyl庚基——heptyl辛基——octyl壬基——nonyl癸基——decyl十一烷基——hendecyl十二烷基——dodecyl十六(烷)基/鲸蜡基——cetyl十七(烷)基——heptadecyl十八(烷)基——octodecyl苯基(缩写Ph)——phenyl苯甲基/苄基——phenmethyl苯乙基——phenylethyl三价苯基——phenenyl乙氧苯基——phenelyl，ethoxyphenyl 萘基——naphthyl 菲基——phenanthryl。
化学术语中英文对照
化学术语中英文对照化学术语中英文对照BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro'number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle's law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel's limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电动现象electrokinetic phenomena电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday's law法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans- Pancth's rule反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van't Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van't Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式 van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 可以如下推断：1mol 的CO2的生成焓在数值上等于1mol C 的燃烧热，因此1mol CO的燃烧热等于1mol 的CO2的生成焓与1mol 的CO的生成焓之差。
化学专业词汇(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】普通化学术语中英文对照表原子 atom adj.atomic原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ] 单质 element化合物 compound纯净物 pure substance/chemical subs tance混合物 mixture相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr)化学式量 relative formula mass 物质的量 amount of substance 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA) 摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula 气体摩尔体积 molar volume 阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration 浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry酸 acid碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble b ases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation 水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction 氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction 归中反应comproportionation(symproport ionation)reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.) 第一，第二，第三等电离能 first,second,third,etc. ionisation e nergy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.) 电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E .)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level 电子排布 electron configuration 电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction 巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bo nd巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pair σ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bon d/coordinate bond电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force 色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole f orce金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'z eiʃn]延展性 malleability [,mælɪə'bɪləti]可锻性 ductility [dʌk'tɪlətɪ] 导电性 electrical conductivity 合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table 周期 period族 group 原子序数 proton number同位素 isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide ['njuːklaɪd]同量异位素 isobar['aɪsə(ʊ)bɑː]金属 metal非金属 nonmetal碱金属 alkali metal碱土金属 alkaline earth metal 卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 decomposition reaction化合反应 combination(synthesis) reactio n取代反应 displacement reaction 复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] r eaction/double replacement(displ acement) reaction沉淀 precipitation [prɪ,sɪpɪ'te ɪʃ(ə)n]官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon 饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic[,ælɪ'fætɪk] hydroc arbon脂环烃 alicyclic ['saɪklɪk; ]hrdrocar bon同系物 homologous[hɒ'mɒləgəs ]series异构现象 isomerism ['aisəmərizəm] 同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction 加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer 取代反应 substitution reaction 脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction 酯化反应 esterification reaction 亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction 裂化反应 cracking (reaction) 石油分馏 fractional distillation 燃烧 combustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy 光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism 能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudai ˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH) 标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr . ΔHӨ)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHrӨ)燃烧热 heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of com bustion(abbr. ΔHcӨ)标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of form ation(abbr. ΔHfӨ)放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reactio n 吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea) 比热容 specific heat capacity 键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy 盖斯定律 Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory 反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate 反应动力学 reaction kinetics 催化剂 catalyst催化作用 catalysis 酶 enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium 平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant 浓度幂 concentration power 平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equa tion自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium 电离常数 ionisation constant 离子积 ion-product constant 氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr . pH from French potentiel d'hyd rogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [dɪsə'l uːʃ(ə)n] ekwɪ溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell [gæl'væn ɪk]盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery) 二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery 充电 charge 放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽 electrolytic cell 电镀 galvanisation [,ɡælvənai'zei ʃən]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation [,sedɪmən'te ɪʃən]常见元素氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrəd ʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm] 锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm] 硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn] 碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən] 氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n] 氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæs iəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumj əm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt] 镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə] 锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik] 溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n ]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə] 锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘 iodine(abbr. I)氙 xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm ]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən ]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri ]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd] 石墨 graphite ['græfait]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals) 氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid) adj.borate ['bɔːreɪt]碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic [kɑː'bɒnɪk] (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbon ate氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸 nitrous ['naɪtrəs] (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide [traɪ'ɒksaɪd]过氧根 peroxy (radical) adj. peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid] 氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] ( acid) adj.meta-aluminate [ə'ljuːmɪne ɪt]四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] ( acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate 磷酸 phosphoric (acid) adj.phospha te磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate 硫化的 sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸 sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate 硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate 亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite 亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite 硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θaiəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-'] 氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorat e氯酸 chloric (acid) adj.chlorate 亚氯酸 chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypoc hlorite溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm ]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate 氰根 cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiənei t]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds) 氢化钠sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide 二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chlor ide氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chlori de氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chlo ride四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -an e)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly- 烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene) 环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph)(preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene) 苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn)(preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene) 醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffi x -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,et c.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -on e)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or notincluded in carbon chain preffix f ormyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suf fix-oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid) 乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy) 脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-, suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -ami ne or according to position ofN atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix –amide and -carb oxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) 氨基 amino酰胺基 amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (p reffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic ac id)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -n itrile)酚 phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/ph ph)[finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC )聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(ab br.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic ac id硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DN A)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose磺酸 sulphonic (acid) adj. sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -n itrile) 酚 phenol/carbolic acid 常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/ph ph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC )聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(ab br.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸 amino acid 葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose 半乳糖 galactose 核糖 ribose 脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DN A)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze 玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod 铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp genera tor酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner 坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor 冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle。
（完整版）普通化学术语中英文对照表
（完整版）普通化学术语中英文对照表普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms 撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子atom adj.atomic原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron(abbr. e)离子ion [?a??n]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular [m??lekj?l?]单质element化合物compound纯净物pure substance/chemical substance混合物mixture相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. A r)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. M r)化学式量relative formula mass物质的量amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. N A)摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式empirical formula气体摩尔体积molar volume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’s Law溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volume concentration 浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemical equation反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐salt酸式盐acid salt离子方程式ionic equation结晶水water of crystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidation number氧化还原反应redox reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction歧化反应disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction 氧化剂oxidising agent还原剂reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道atomic orbital电子云electron cloud电子亚层sub-shell能层layer能级energy level电子排布electron configuration电子云重叠shell overlap洪特规则Hund’s rule泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition手性chirality [kai?-]化学键chemical bond键长bond length键级bond order键角bond angle键能bond enthalpies离子键ionic bond供体donor受体acceptor静电吸引electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构giant ionic structure共价键covalent[k??'ve?l?nt] bond巨型共价结构giant covalent structure共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键polar bond非极性共价键non-polar bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性electronegativity极性polarity偶极子dipole分子间作用力intermolecular forces氢键hydrogen bond范德华力van der Waal’s force色散力dispersion force诱导力induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键metallic bond离域delocalisation [di:,l?uk?lai'zei?n]延展性malleability可锻性ductility导电性electrical conductivity合金alloy元素周期表the Periodic Table周期period族group原子序数proton number同位素isotope[?a?s?t??p]核素nuclide同量异位素isobar金属metal非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal碱土金属alkaline earth metal卤素halogen稀有气体noble gas元素周期律periodic trends活泼active稳定noble分解反应decomposition reaction化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[m??t?θ?sis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀precipitation官能团functional group碳氢化合物/烃hydrocarbon饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物homologous[h??-] series异构现象isomerism ['ais?m?riz?m]同分异构体isomeride [ai's?m?raid]同素异形体allotropy/allotropism分子式molecular formula通式general formula结构式displayed formula结构简式structural formula键线式skeletal formula均裂homolytic fission异裂heterolytic fission亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukli?fail]亲电子试剂electrophile加成反应addition reaction加水加成hydration reaction加成聚合反应addition polymerisation 聚合物polymer单体monomer链节repeat unit缩合聚合反应condensation reaction 缩聚物condensation polymer取代反应substitution reaction脱水dehydration水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction酯化反应esterification reaction亲核取代nucleophilic substitution消去反应elimination reaction裂化反应cracking (reaction)石油分馏fractional distillation燃烧combustion发酵fermentation氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons产率percentage yield原子利用率atom economy红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy质谱分析mass spectroscopy光谱spectrum挥发性volatility冷凝回流reflux反应机理reaction mechanism能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy热力学thermodynamic [θ?:m?udai?-]焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θ?lpi]焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH?)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH r?)燃烧热heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH c?) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH f?) 放热反应exothermic[eks?u?-] reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θ?:m?u?-] equation活化能activation energy(abbe. E a)比热容specific heat capacity键焓bond enthalpy平均键焓average bond enthalpy盖斯定律Hess’ law有效碰撞理论collision theory反应速率rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学reaction kinetics催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis酶enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi?-]可逆反应reversible reaction动态平衡dynamic equilibrium平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂concentration power平衡移动shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[??ri:ni?s] Equation自发反应spontaneous[sp?n?teini?s] reaction熵entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应greenhouse effect吸附作用adsorption绿色化学green chemistry溶解度solubility离子反应ionic reaction电离ionisation电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionisation equilibrium电离常数ionisation constant离子积ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium溶度积solubility product原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥salt bridge电极electrode正极/阳极anode负极/阴极cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0) 干电池dry cell一次电池primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电charge放电discharge燃料电池fuel cell电解electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion分子空间构型molecular geometries杂化hybrid轨道orbital晶格lattice晶体crystal晶胞crystal structure堆积作用sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidr?d??n]氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:li?m]锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθi?m]硼boron(abbr. B) ['b?:r?n]碳carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:b?n]氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitr?d??n]氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['?ksid??n]氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['flu?ri:n]氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:?n]钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['s?udi?m]镁magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,?l??mini?m]硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silik?n]磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['f?sf?r?s]硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['s?lf?]氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['kl?:ri:n]氩argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡ?n]钾potassium(abbr. K) [p??t?si?m]钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [?k?lsi?m]钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teini?m]铬chromium(abbr. Cr) ['kr?umj?m]锰manganese(abbr. Mn) [?m??ɡ?ni:z]铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['a??n]钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [k?u'b?:lt]镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nik?l]铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['k?p?]锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [zi?k]砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:s?nik]溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['br?umi:n]银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silv?]锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘iodine(abbr. I) ['ai?udi:n]氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zen?n]钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['be?ri?m]钨tungsten(abbr. W) [t??st?n]铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['pl?tin?m]金gold(abbr. Au) [ɡ?uld]汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['m?:kjuri]铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['dai?m?nd]石墨graphite ['gr?fait]臭氧ozone ['?uz?un]红磷red phosphorus白磷white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的hydride ['haidraid]硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的azide ['?zaid]硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的oxide ['?ksaid]二氧化的dioxide [dai-']三氧化的trioxide过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [p?'?ksaid]超氧化的superoxide [sjup?'?ksaid]氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'dr?ksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子hydronium氟化的fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met?'?ljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr?ksil-'] (acid) 硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate硫化的sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [θa i?u-']焦硫酸根persulphate [p?:-']氯化的chloride ['kl?raid]氢氯酸/盐酸hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['ai?daid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide铵根ammonium [??m?uni?m]高锰酸根permanganate锰酸根manganate氰根cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根thiocyanate [θai?u?sai?neit]铬酸根chromate重铬酸根dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨ammonia/azane[?-?]硅烷silane [?si-]磷化氢phosphine硫化氢hydrogen sulphide氮化镁magnesium nitride四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧oxygen difluoride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide 6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-烷烃alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec-十二dodec-十三tridec-十四tetradec-十五pentadec-十六hexadec-十七heptadec-十八octadec-十九nonadec-二十eicos-三十triacont-四十tetracont-五十prntacont-正构型normal-(n-)异构型iso-(i-)新构型neo-(n-)聚poly-烷基alkyl甲基methyl(abbr. Me)乙基ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane) 烯烃alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构preffix trans-(E-)苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.) 酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸carboxylic[ka:b?k'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix-di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基amino酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [fin?lf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromopheno blue百里酚蓝thymol blue甲基橙methyl orange龙胆紫gentian violet氯仿chloroform异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠sodium stearate柠檬酸citric acid柠檬酸钠sodium citrate乳酸lactic acid乳酸钠sodium lactate葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸amino acid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose乳糖lactose淀粉starch纤维素cellulose脂肪酸fatty acid甘油/丙三醇glycerol/ glycerine/ glycerin叔丁醇tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitr?'t?ljui:n] 萘naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素urea/carbamide胡萝卜素carotene叶绿素chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrine/ norpseudoephedrine 舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素salbutamol伪麻黄碱pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因caffeine维生素A/视黄醇retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计thermometre [θ?'-]托盘天平counterbalance试管test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶flask蒸馏烧瓶distillation flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗funnel广口瓶wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙combustion spoon蒸发皿evaporating dish酒精灯alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量筒graduated cylinder['silind?]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder集气瓶gas bottle滴管burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶dropper bottle曲颈瓶retort [ri'-]表面皿watch glass石棉网asbestos[?s'best?s] gauze玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台iron stand滴定管burette/buret泥三角pipeclay triangle启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner坩埚钳tong坩埚pot索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor冷凝管cold finger称量瓶weighing bottle注：本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语，读音均以英式发音标注。
化学常用中英文对照
AMMA：Acrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate：丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物AA：丙烯酸AAS：丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物ABFN：偶氮(二)甲酰胺ABN：偶氮(二)异丁腈ABA：Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate：丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABS：Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene：丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AES：Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene：丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物ARP：Aromatic polyester：聚芳香酯Arsenic(砷）AS：Acrylonitrile-styrene resin：丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂ASA：Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate：丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate 丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物BAA：正丁醛苯胺缩合物BAD：双水杨酸双酚A酯BCD：β－环糊精BE：丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料BFRM：硼纤维增强塑料BLE：丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物BMA：甲基丙烯酸丁酯BN：氮化硼BNE：新型环氧树脂BNS：β－萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物BOPP：双轴向聚丙烯BPMC：2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯BPTP：聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯BR：丁二烯橡胶BROC：二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚BS：丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物BT：聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料BTX：苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物CA：Cellulose acetate：醋酸纤维塑料CAB：Cellulose acetate butyrate：醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料CAN：醋酸-硝酸纤维素CAP：Cellulose acetate propionate：醋酸-丙酸纤维素CBA：化学发泡剂CDP：磷酸甲酚二苯酯CE："Cellulose plastics, general"：通用纤维素塑料CF：Cresol-formaldehyde：甲酚-甲醛树脂CFE：氯氟乙烯CFM：碳纤维密封填料CFRP：碳纤维增强塑料CLF：含氯纤维CMC：Carboxymethyl cellulose：羧甲基纤维素CMCNa：羧甲基纤维素钠CMD：代尼尔纤维CMS：羧甲基淀粉CN：Cellulose nitrate：硝酸纤维素CP：Cellulose propionate：丙酸纤维素CPE：Chlorinated polyethylene：氯化聚乙烯CPVC：Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)：氯化聚氯乙烯CS：Casein：酪蛋白CTA：Cellulose triacetate：三醋酸纤维素EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素E/EA：乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EP "Epoxy, epoxide" 环氧树脂ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EAA：乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物EBM：挤出吹塑模塑E/V AC：乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物ECB：乙烯共聚物和沥青的共混物ECD：环氧氯丙烷橡胶ECTEE：聚(乙烯-三氟氯乙烯)ED-3：环氧酯EC：Ethyl cellulose：乙烷纤维素EEA：Ethylene/ethyl acrylate：乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMA：Ethylene/methacrylic acid：乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EPD：Ethylene-propylene-diene：乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物EPM：Ethylene-propylene polymer：乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPS：Expanded polystyrene：发泡聚苯乙烯ETFE：Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene：乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EV A：Ethylene/vinyl acetate：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EV AL：Ethylene-vinyl alcohol：乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物EO：环氧乙烷EOT：聚乙烯硫醚EP：环氧树脂EPI：环氧氯丙烷EPM：乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPOR：三元乙丙橡胶EPR：乙丙橡胶EPS：可发性聚苯乙烯EPSAN：乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物EPT：乙烯丙烯三元共聚物EPVC：乳液法聚氯乙烯EU：聚醚型聚氨酯EV A：乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVE：乙烯基乙基醚EXP：醋酸乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸酯三元共聚乳液F/V AL：乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物F-23：四氟乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚物F-30：三氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物F-40：四氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟（乙烯-丙烯）塑料FNG：耐水硅胶FPM：氟橡胶FRA：纤维增强丙烯酸酯FRC：阻燃粘胶纤维FRP：纤维增强塑料FRPA-101：玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酸癸胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙1010树脂) FRPA-610：玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酰乙二胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙610树脂) FF Furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛GF：玻璃纤维GFRP：玻璃纤维增强塑料GFRTP：玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料促进剂GOF：石英光纤GPS：通用聚苯乙烯GR-1：异丁橡胶GR-N：丁腈橡胶GR-S：丁苯橡胶GRTP：玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料GUV：紫外光固化硅橡胶涂料GY：厌氧胶HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料HIPS High impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯HLA：天然聚合物透明质胶HLD：树脂性氯丁胶HM：高甲氧基果胶HMC：高强度模塑料HOPP：均聚聚丙烯HPC：羟丙基纤维素HPMC：羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMCP：羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯HTPS：高冲击聚苯乙烯IEN：互贯网络弹性体IPS Impact-resistant polystyre ne 耐冲击聚苯乙烯IHPN：互贯网络均聚物IIR：异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶IR：异戊二烯橡胶IVE：异丁基乙烯基醚JSF：聚乙烯醇缩醛胶KSG：空分硅胶LCP Liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物LDN：氯丁胶粘剂LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料LDR：氯丁橡胶LHPC：低替代度羟丙基纤维素LIPN：乳胶互贯网络聚合物LJ：接体型氯丁橡胶LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯LM：低甲氧基果胶LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯LMWPE：低分子量聚乙稀LSR：羧基氯丁乳胶MBS：Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene：甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MC：Methyl cellulose：甲基纤维素MDPE：Medium-density polyethylene：中密聚乙烯MF：Melamine-formaldehyde resin：密胺-甲醛树脂MPF：Melamine/phenol-formaldehyde：密胺/酚醛树脂PA：Polyamide (nylon)：聚酰胺（尼龙）PAA：Poly(acrylic acid)：聚丙烯酸PADC：Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate)：碳酸-二乙二醇酯? 烯丙醇酯树脂PAE：Polyarylether：聚芳醚PAEK：Polyaryletherketone：聚芳醚酮PAI：Polyamide-imide：聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAK：Polyester alkyd：聚酯树脂PAN：Polyacrylonitrile：聚丙烯腈PARA：Polyaryl amide：聚芳酰胺PASU：Polyarylsulfone：聚芳砜PA T：Polyarylate：聚芳酯PAUR：Poly(ester urethane)：聚酯型聚氨酯PB：Polybutene-1：聚丁烯-[1]PBA：Poly(butyl acrylate)：聚丙烯酸丁酯PBAN：Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile：聚丁二烯-丙烯腈PBS：Polybutadiene-styrene：聚丁二烯-苯乙烯PBT：Poly(butylene terephthalate)：聚对苯二酸丁二酯PC：Polycarbonate：聚碳酸酯PCTFE：Polychlorotrifluoroethylene：聚氯三氟乙烯PDAP：Poly(diallyl phthalate)：聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PE：Polyethylene：聚乙烯PEBA：Polyether block amide：聚醚嵌段酰胺PEBA：Thermoplastic elastomer polyether：聚酯热塑弹性体PEEK：Polyetheretherketone：聚醚醚酮PEI：Poly(etherimide)：聚醚酰亚胺PEK：Polyether ketone：聚醚酮PEO：Poly(ethylene oxide)：聚环氧乙烷PES：Poly(ether sulfone)：聚醚砜PET：Poly(ethylene terephthalate)：聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PETG Poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol 二醇类改性PET PEUR：Poly(ether urethane)：聚醚型聚氨酯PF：Phenol-formaldehyde resin：酚醛树脂PFA：Perfluoro(alkoxy alkane)：全氟烷氧基树脂PFF：Phenol-furfural resin：酚呋喃树脂PI：Polyimide：聚酰亚胺PIB：Polyisobutylene：聚异丁烯PISU：Polyimidesulfone：聚酰亚胺砜PMCA：Poly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate)：聚α-氯代丙烯酸甲酯PMMA：Poly(methyl methacrylate)：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMP：Poly(4-methylpentene-1)：聚4-甲基戊烯-1PMS：Poly(alpha-methylstyrene)：聚α-甲基苯乙烯POM："Polyoxymethylene, polyacetal"：聚甲醛PP：Polypropylene：聚丙烯PPA：Polyphthalamide：聚邻苯二甲酰胺PPE：Poly(phenylene ether)：聚苯醚PPO：Poly(phenylene oxide) deprecated：聚苯醚PPOX：Poly(propylene oxide)：聚环氧（丙）烷PPS：Poly(phenylene sulfide)：聚苯硫醚PPSU：Poly(phenylene sulfone)：聚苯砜PS：Polystyrene：聚苯乙烯PSU：Polysulfone：聚砜PTFE：Polytetrafluoroethylene：聚四氟乙烯PUR：Polyurethane：聚氨酯PV AC：Poly(vinyl acetate)：聚醋酸乙烯PV AL：Poly(vinyl alcohol)：聚乙烯醇PVB：Poly(vinyl butyral)：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVC：Poly(vinyl chloride)：聚氯乙烯PVCA：Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate)：聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯PVCC：chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(*CPVC)：氯化聚氯乙烯PVI：poly(vinyl isobutyl ether)：聚(乙烯基异丁基醚)PVM：poly(vinyl chloride vinyl methyl ether)：聚(氯乙烯-甲基乙烯基醚)RAM restricted area molding 窄面模塑RF：resorcinol-formaldehyde resin：甲苯二酚-甲醛树脂RIM：reaction injection molding：反应注射模塑RP：reinforced plastics：增强塑料RTP：reinforced thermoplastics：增强热塑性塑料S/AN：styrene-acryonitrile copolymer：苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SBS：styrene-butadiene block copolymer：苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物SI：silicone：聚硅氧烷SMC：sheet molding compound：片状模塑料S/MS：styrene-α-methylstyrene copolymer：苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物TMC：thick molding compound：厚片模塑料TPE：thermoplastic elastomer：热塑性弹性体TPS：toughened polystyrene：韧性聚苯乙烯TPU：thermoplastic urethanes：热塑性聚氨酯TPX：ploymethylpentene：聚-4-甲基-1戊烯VG/E：vinylchloride-ethylene copolymer：聚乙烯-乙烯共聚物VC/E/MA：vinylchloride-ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer：聚乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/E/VCA：vinylchloride-ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer：氯乙烯-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物PVDC：Poly(vinylidene chloride)：聚（偏二氯乙烯）PVDF：Poly(vinylidene fluoride)：聚（偏二氟乙烯）PVF：Poly(vinyl fluoride)：聚氟乙烯PVFM：Poly(vinyl formal)：聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVK：Polyvinylcarbazole：聚乙烯咔唑PVP：Polyvinylpyrrolidone：聚乙烯吡咯烷酮S/MA：Styrene-maleic anhydride plastic：苯乙烯-马来酐塑料SAN：Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic：苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料SB：Styrene-butadiene plastic：苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料Si：Silicone plastics：有机硅塑料SMS：Styrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic：苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯塑料SP：Saturated polyester plastic：饱和聚酯塑料SRP：Styrene-rubber plastics：聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料TEEE："Thermoplastic Elastomer,Ether-Ester"：醚酯型热塑弹性体TEO："Thermoplastic Elastomer, Olefinic"：聚烯烃热塑弹性体TES："Thermoplastic Elastomer, Styrenic"：苯乙烯热塑性弹性体TPEL：Thermoplastic elastomer：热塑(性)弹性体TPES：Thermoplastic polyester：热塑性聚酯TPUR：Thermoplastic polyurethane：热塑性聚氨酯TSUR：Thermoset polyurethane：热固聚氨酯UF：Urea-formaldehyde resin：脲甲醛树脂UHMWPE：Ultra-high molecular weight PE：超高分子量聚乙烯UP：Unsaturated polyester：不饱和聚酯VCE：Vinyl chloride-ethylene resin：氯乙烯/乙烯树脂VCEV：Vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl：氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物VCMA：Vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate：氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCMMA：Vinyl chloride-methylmethacrylate：氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCOA：Vinyl chloride-octyl acrylate resin：氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂VCV AC：Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin：氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂VCVDC：Vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride：氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯共聚物。
化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨a m m o n i a氨基酸a m i n o a c i d铵盐a m m o n i u m s a l t饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯b e n z e n e变性d e n a t u r a t i o n不饱和烃u n s a t u r a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n超导材料s u p e r c o n d u c t i v e m a t e r i a l臭氧o z o n e醇a l c o h o l次氯酸钾p o t a s s i u m h y p o c h l o r i t e醋酸钠s o d i u m a c e t a t e蛋白质p r o t e i n氮族元素n i t r o g e n g r o u p e l e m e n t碘化钾p o t a s s i u m i o d i d e碘化钠s o d i u m i o d i d e电化学腐蚀e l e c t r o c h e m i c a l c o r r o s i o n 电解质e l e c t r o l y t e电离平衡i o n i z a t i o n e q u i l i b r i u m电子云e l e c t r o n c l o u d 淀粉s t a r c h淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮n i t r o g e n d i o x i d e二氧化硅s i l i c o n d i o x i d e二氧化硫s u l p h u r d i o x i d e二氧化锰m a n g a n e s e d i o x i d e 芳香烃a r e n e放热反应e x o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o n非极性分子n o n-p o l a r m o l e c u l e 非极性键n o n-p o l a r b o n d 肥皂s o a p分馏f r a c t i o n a l d i s t i l l a t i o n 酚p h e n o l 复合材料c o m p o s i t e干电池d r y c e l l干馏d r y d i s t i l l a t i o n 甘油g l y c e r o l高分子化合物p o l y m e r共价键c o v a l e n t b o n d官能团f u n c t i o n a l g r o u p 光化学烟雾p h o t o c h e m i c a l f o g 过氧化氢h y d r o g e n p e r o x i d e 合成材料s y n t h e t i c m a t e r i a l合成纤维s y n t h e t i c f i b e r合成橡胶s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r核电荷数n u c l e a r c h a r g e n u m b e r 核素n u c l i d e化学电源c h e m i c a l p o w e r s o u r c e化学反应速率c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n r a t e 化学键c h e m i c a l b o n d化学平衡c h e m i c a l e q u i l i b r i u m还原剂r e d u c i n g a g e n t磺化反应s u l f o n a t i o n r e a c t i o n霍尔槽H u l l C e l l 极性分子p o l a r m o l e c u l e极性键p o l a r b o n d加成反应a d d i t i o n r e a c t i o n加聚反应a d d i t i o n p o l y m e r i z a t i o n甲烷m e t h a n e 碱金属a l k a l i m e t a l碱石灰s o d a l i m e结构式s t r u c t u r a l f o r m u l a 聚合反应p o1y m e r i z a t i o n可逆反应r e v e r s i b l e r e a c t i o n 空气污染指数a i r p o l l u t i o n i n d e x 勒夏特列原理L e C h a t e l i e r's p r i n c i p l e 离子反应i o n i c r e a c t i o n离子方程式i o n i c e q u a t i o n离子键i o n i c b o n d锂电池l i t h i u m c e l l两性氢氧化物a m p h o t e r i c h y d r o x i d e 两性氧化物a m p h o t e r i c o x i d e 裂化c r a c k i n g裂解p y r o l y s i s硫氰化钾p o t a s s i u m t h i o c y a n a t e 硫酸钠s o d i u m s u l p h i d e 氯化铵a m m o n i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化钡b a r i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化钾p o t a s s i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化铝a l u m i n i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化镁m a g n e s i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化氢h y d r o g e n c h l o r i d e 氯化铁i r o n(I I I)c h l o r i d e 氯水c h l o r i n e w a t e r麦芽糖m a l t o s e 煤c o a l酶e n z y m e摩尔m o l e摩尔质量m o l a r m a s s品红m a g e n t a或f u c h s i n e 葡萄糖g l u c o s e气体摩尔体积m o l a r v o l u m e o f g a s 铅蓄电池l e a d s t o r a g e b a t t e r y 强电解质s t r o n g e l e c t r o l y t e 氢氟酸h y d r o g e n c h l o r i d e 氢氧化铝a l u m i n i u m h y d r o x i d e 取代反应s u b s t i t u t i o n r e a c t i o n 醛a l d e h y d e炔烃a l k y n e 燃料电池f u e l c e l l弱电解质w e a k e l e c t r o l y t e 石油P e t r o l e u m水解反应h y d r o l y s i s r e a c t i o n四氯化碳c a r b o n t e t r a c h l o r i d e 塑料p l a s t i c塑料的降解p l a s t i c d e g r a d a t i o n塑料的老化p l a s t i c a g e i n g酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨a c i d r a i n羧酸c a r b o x y l i c a c i d碳酸钠s o d i u m c a r b o n a t e 碳酸氢铵a m m o n i u m b i c a r b o n a t e 碳酸氢钠s o d i u m b i c a r b o n a t e 糖类c a r b o h y d r a t e烃h y d r o c a r b o n 烃的衍生物d e r i v a t i v e o f h y d r o c a r b o n 烃基h y d r o c a r b o n y l 同分异构体i s o m e r同素异形体a l l o t r o p e 同位素i s o t o p e同系物h o m o1o g涂料c o a t i n g烷烃a l k a n e 物质的量a m o u n t o f s u b s t a n c e 物质的量浓度a m o u n t-o f-s u b s t a n c e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f B 烯烃a l k e n e 洗涤剂d e t e r g e n t纤维素c e l l u l o s e 相对分子质量r e l a t i v e m o l e c u l a r m a s s 相对原子质量r e l a t i v e a t o m i c m a s s 消去反应e l i m i n a t i o n r e a c t i o n 硝化反应n i t r a t l o n r e a c t i o n 硝酸钡b a r i u m n i t r a t e硝酸银s i l v e r n i t r a t e溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠s o d i u m b r o m i d e溴水b r o m i n e w a t e r 溴水b r o m i n e w a t e r 盐类的水解h y d r o l y s i s o f s a l t s 盐析s a l t i n g-o u t 焰色反应f l a m e t e s t 氧化剂o x i d i z i n g a g e n t 氧化铝a l u m i n i u m o x i d e氧化铁i r o n(I I I)o x i d e 乙醇e t h a n o l 乙醛e t h a n a1乙炔e t h y n e 乙酸e t h a n o i c a c i d乙酸乙酯e t h y l a c e t a t e乙烯e t h y l e n e 银镜反应s i l v e r m i r r o r r e a c t i o n 硬脂酸s t e a r i c a c i d 油脂o i l s a n d f a t s 有机化合物o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d 元素周期表p e r i o d i c t a b l e o f e l e m e n t s 元素周期律p e r i o d i c l a w o f e l e m e n t s 原电池p r i m a r y b a t t e r y 原子序数a t o m i c n u m b e r 皂化反应s a p o n i f i c a t i o n 粘合剂a d h e s i v e 蔗糖s u c r o s e 指示剂I n d i c a t o r酯e s t e r酯化反应e s t e r i f i c a t i o n 周期p e r i o d 族g r o u p（主族：m a i n g r o u p）B u n s e n b u r n e r本生灯p r o d u c t化学反应产物f l a s k烧瓶a p p a r a t u s设备P H i n d i c a t o r P H值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂m a t r a s s卵形瓶l i t m u s石蕊l i t m u s p a p e r石蕊试纸g r a d u a t e,g r a d u a t e d f l a s k量筒,量杯r e a g e n t试剂t e s t t u b e试管b u r e t t e滴定管r e t o r t曲颈甑s t i l l蒸馏釜c u p e l烤钵c r u c i b l e p o t,m e l t i n g p o t坩埚p i p e t t e吸液管f i l t e r滤管s t i r r i n g r o d搅拌棒e l e m e n t元素b o d y物体c o m p o u n d化合物a t o m原子g r a m a t o m克原子a t o m i c w e i g h t原子量a t o m i c n u mb e r原子数a t o m i c m a s s原子质量m o l e c u l e分子e l e c t r o l y t e电解质i o n离子a n i o n阴离子c a t i o n阳离子e l e c t r o n电子i s o t o p e同位素i s o m e r同分异物现象p o l y m e r聚合物s y m b o l复合r a d i c a l基s t r u c t u r a l f o r m u l a分子式v a l e n c e,v a l e n c y价m o n o v a l e n t单价b i v a l e n t二价h a l o g e n成盐元素b o n d原子的聚合m i x t u r e混合c o m b i n a t i o n合成作用c o m p o u n d合成物a l l o y合金o r g a n i c c h e m i s t r y有机化学i n o r g a n i c c h e m i s t r y无机化学d e r i v a t i v e衍生物s e r i e s系列a c i d酸h y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d盐酸s u l p h u r i c a c i d硫酸n i t r i c a c i d硝酸a q u a f o r t i s王水f a t t y a c i d脂肪酸o rg a n i c a c i d有机酸h y d r o s u l p h u ri c a c i d氢硫酸h y d r o g e n s u l f i d e氢化硫a l k a l i碱,强碱a m m o n i a氨b a s e碱h y d r a t e水合物h y d r o x i d e氢氧化物,羟化物h y d r a c i d氢酸h y d r o c a r b o n碳氢化合物,羟a n h y d r i d e酐a l k a l o i d生物碱a l d e h y d e醛o x i d e氧化物p h o s p h a t e磷酸盐a c e t a t e醋酸盐m e t h a n e甲烷,沼气b u t a n e丁烷s a l t盐p o t a s s i u m c a r b o n a t e碳酸钾s o d a苏打s o d i u m c a r b o n a t e碳酸钠c a u s t i c p o t a s h苛性钾c a u s t i c s od a苛性钠e s t e r酯g e l凝胶体a n a l y s i s分解f r a c t i o n a t i o n分馏e n d o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o n吸热反应e x o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o n放热反应p r e c i p i t a t i o n沉淀t o p r e c i p i t a t e沉淀t o d i s t i l,t o d i s t i l l蒸馏d i s t i l l a t i o n蒸馏t o c a l c i n e煅烧t o o x i d i z e氧化a l k a l i n i z a t i o n碱化t o o x y g e n a t e,t o o x i d i z e脱氧,氧化t o n e u t r a l i z e中和t o h y d r o g e n a t e氢化t o h y d r a t e水合,水化t o d e h y d r a t e脱水f e r m e n t a t i o n发酵s o l u t i o n溶解c o m b u s t i o n燃烧f u s i o n,m e l t i n g熔解a l k a l i n i t y碱性i s o m e r i s m,i s o m e r y同分异物现象h y d r o l y s i s水解e l e c t r o l y s i s电解e l e c t r o d e电极a n o d e阳极,正极c a t h od e阴极,负极c a t a l y s t催化剂c a t a l y s i s催化作用o x id i z a t i o n,o x i d a t i o n氧化re d u c e r还原剂d i s s o l u t i o n分解s y n t h e s i s合成r e v e r s i b l e可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝 Einsteinium(Es) 锿 Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆 Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗 Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞 Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨 Promethium(Pm) 钷 Protactinium(Pa) 镤 Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝 Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学用语中英文对照
Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬。
化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯 ethylene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学专业术语英语对照
化学专业术语英语对照来源：发布时间：2011年4月7日爆炸界限 explosion limits霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜－休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula聚沉值 coagulation value聚沉 coagulation聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte精馏 rectify键焓bond enthalpy触变 thixotropy解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 简并度 degeneracy感胶离子序 lyotropic series催化剂 catalyst隔离法the isolation method隔离系统 isolated system道尔顿定律 Dalton law道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law 超电势 over potential缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption 等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程 equation at constant temperature 等焓线isenthalpic line等焓过程 isenthalpic process等几率定理 theorem of equal probability 焦耳定律 Joule';s law焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳Joule敞开系统 open system菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion粗分散系统 thick disperse system第三定律熵 third-law entropy第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind 盖斯定律 Hess law盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law焓 enthalpy混合熵 entropy of mixing混合物 mixture接触角 contact angle接触电势contact potential弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter常见术语基态能级 energy level at ground state 基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions高会溶点 upper consolute point高分子溶液 macromolecular solution胶凝作用 demulsification胶核 colloidal nucleus胶束micelle胶冻 broth jelly胶体粒子 colloidal particles胶体化学 collochemistry胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid胶体 colloid胶团 micelle积分溶解热 integration heat of dissolution盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 浸湿功 immersion wetting work浸湿 immersion wetting格罗塞斯－德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoer’s law 根均方速率 root-mean-square speed费米－狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数 adiabatic index绝热过程 adiabatic process绝对熵 absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory结晶热heat of crystallization结线 tie line科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions界面张力 surface tension界面 interfaces玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics 玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem 玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula独立子系统 independent particle system活度 activity活化控制 activation control活化能activation energy活化络合物理论 activated complex theory标准熵 standard entropy标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energy function标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function 标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode标准态 standard state标准状况 standard condition标准压力 standard pressure标准电极电势 standard electrode potential 标准电动势 standard electromotive force标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant 柯诺瓦洛夫－吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law 查理定律Charle’s law挥发度volatility恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume 恒容热 heat at constant volume恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure 恒压热 heat at constant pressure恒外压 constant external pressure封闭系统 closed system复合反应composite reaction饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure饱和蒸气 saturated vapor饱和液体 saturated liquids饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption非基元反应 non-elementary reactions非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions 非体积功 non-volume work规定熵 stipulated entropy表面活性剂surfactants表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law 表面张力 surface tension表面吸附量 surface excess表面过程控制 surface process control表面 surfaces表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight表观活化能apparent activation energy表观迁移数apparent transference number范德华常数 van der Waals constant范德华气体 van der Waals gases范德华方程 van der Waals equation范德华力 van der Waals force范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of os motic pressure范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation环境熵变 entropy change in environment 环境 environment波义尔温度 Boyle temperature波义尔点 Boyle point波义尔定律 Boyle law法拉第常数 faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday’s law泊Poise沸点升高 elevation of boiling point沸点 boiling point构型熵configurational entropy定域子系统 localized particle system定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer孤立系统 isolated system固溶胶 solid sol固相线 solid phase line固态混合物 solid solution单链反应 straight chain reactions单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption 单分子反应 unimolecular reaction附加压力 excess pressure阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law阿马格定律 Amagat law沉降电势 sedimentation potential沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降 sedimentation极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity 极化作用 polarization极化曲线 polarization curves极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode 杠杆规则 lever rule低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture低共熔点 eutectic point低会溶点 lower consolute point亨利常数 Henry constant亨利定律 Henry law过程 process过渡状态理论 transition state theory 过热液体 overheated liquid过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution过冷液体 overcooled liquid过冷水 super-cooled water负极 negative pole负吸附 negative adsorption安托万常数 Antoine constant安托万方程 Antoine equation多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion吉布斯函数 Gibbs function吉布斯－杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy吉布斯－亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉氏函数 Gibbs function动力学控制 kinetics control动力学方程kinetic equations共轭溶液 conjugate solution共沸温度 azeotropic temperature光谱熵 spectrum entropy光敏反应 photosensitized reactions光反应 photoreaction光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry 光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry价数规则 rule of valence产率 yield亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数 Helmholtz function节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion 节流膨胀 throttling expansion节流过程 throttling process 艾林方程 Erying equation电解池 electrolytic cell电量计 coulometer电渗析 electrodialysis电渗 electroosmosis电流效率current efficiency电泳 electrophoresis电极种类 type of electrodes电极电势 electrode potential电极反应 reactions on the electrode电迁移率 electromobility电迁移 electro migration电池常数 cell constant电池电动势 electromotive force of cells电池反应 cell reaction电导率 conductivity电导 conductance电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势 zeta potential电功electric work电化学极化 electrochemical polarization电化学 electrochemistry甘汞电极 calomel electrode弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 布朗运动 brownian movement对称数 symmetry number对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state对行反应reversible reactions对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume对比温度 reduced temperature 对比体积 reduced volume对比压力 reduced pressure卡诺循环 Carnot cycle卡诺定理 Carnot theorem半衰期half time period半电池half cell功函work content功 work计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient计量式 stoichiometric equation比浓粘度 reduced viscosity比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function 比表面功 specific surface work开尔文公式 Kelvin formula反渗透 reverse osmosis反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate 反应速率rate of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应进度 extent of reaction反应级数 reaction orders反应分子数 molecularity反电动势back E.M.F.化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学亲合势 chemical affinity化学势判据 chemical potential criterion 化学势 chemical potential化学吸附 chemisorptions化学动力学chemical kinetics化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应计量式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction分解电压 decomposition voltage分散相 dispersion phase分散系统 disperse system分配定律 distribution law分体积定律 partial volume law分体积 partial volume分压定律 partial pressure law分压 partial pressure分布数 distribution numbers分布 distribution分子蒸馏molecular distillation分子间力 intermolecular force分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆过程 irreversible process广度性质 extensive property广延量 extensive quantity广延性质 extensive property几率因子 steric factor二级相变second order phase change二级反应second order reaction丁达尔效应 Dyndall effectζ电势 zeta potentialpVT性质 pVT propertyHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method DLVO理论 DLVO theoryBET公式BET formula可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池 reversible cell可逆过程 reversible process可逆过程方程 reversible process equation 可逆体积功 reversible volume work可逆相变 reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality克劳修斯－克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤 control step库仑计 coulometer扩散控制 diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律 Raoult law兰格缪尔－欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式 Rayleigh equation冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线 cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure离域子系统 non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛 ionic atmosphere离子强度 ionic strength理想混合物 perfect mixture理想气体 ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gase理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture粒子 particles粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles 连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物 chain carrier链反应 chain reactions量热熵 calorimetric entropy量子统计quantum statistics量子效率 quantum yield临界参数 critical parameter临界常数 critical constant临界点 critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume临界温度 critical temperature临界压力 critical pressure临界状态 critical state零级反应zero order reaction流动电势 streaming potential流动功 flow work笼罩效应 cage effect路易斯－兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点 dew point。
化工术语中英文对照
化工术语中英文对照在化工领域中，有许多术语用来描述不同的化学过程、化学物质和实验设备。
这些术语通常使用中文和英文两种语言来表达，因此熟悉化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的化工术语，并提供它们的中英文对照。
1. 化学过程术语1.1 氧化（Oxidation）•中文：氧化•英文：Oxidation1.2 还原（Reduction）•中文：还原•英文：Reduction1.3 反应（Reaction）•中文：反应•英文：Reaction1.4 反应速率（Reaction Rate）•中文：反应速率•英文：Reaction Rate1.5 氧化反应（Oxidation Reaction）•中文：氧化反应•英文：Oxidation Reaction1.6 还原反应（Reduction Reaction）•中文：还原反应•英文：Reduction Reaction1.7 酸碱中和反应（Neutralization Reaction）•中文：酸碱中和反应•英文：Neutralization Reaction 2. 化学物质术语2.1 水（Water）•中文：水•英文：Water2.2 盐（Salt）•中文：盐•英文：Salt2.3 酸（Acid）•中文：酸•英文：Acid 2.4 碱（Alkali）•中文：碱•英文：Alkali 2.5 溶液（Solution）•中文：溶液•英文：Solution2.6 离子（Ion）•中文：离子•英文：Ion2.7 分子（Molecule）•中文：分子•英文：Molecule 2.8 化合物（Compound）•中文：化合物•英文：Compound3. 实验设备术语3.1 烧杯（Beaker）•中文：烧杯•英文：Beaker3.2 镊子（Tweezers）•中文：镊子•英文：Tweezers3.3 温度计（Thermometer）•中文：温度计•英文：Thermometer 3.4 试管（Test Tube）•中文：试管•英文：Test Tube3.5 漏斗（Funnel）•中文：漏斗•英文：Funnel3.6 量筒（Graduated Cylinder）•中文：量筒•英文：Graduated Cylinder 3.7 手套（Gloves）•中文：手套•英文：Gloves3.8 磁力搅拌器（Magnetic Stirrer）•中文：磁力搅拌器•英文：Magnetic Stirrer结论掌握化工术语的中英文对照对于理解化工过程、交流和学习非常重要。
常见化学专业词汇_英语--汉语对照
化学专用词汇表（参见）1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学词汇中英带音标
Actinium[Rk'tiniKm](Ac) 锕Aluminium[<Rlju:'minjKm](Al) 铝 Americium[RmK'riFiKm](Am) 镅Antimony['RntKmouni](Sb) 锑Argon['T:gUn](Ar) 氩Arsenic['T:snik](As) 砷Astatine['RstKti:n](At) 砹Barium['beriKm](Ba) 钡Berkelium['bK:kliKm](Bk) 锫Beryllium[be'riliKm](Be) 铍Bismuth['bizmKP](Bi) 铋Boron['bourUn](B) 硼Bromine['broumi:n](Br) 溴Cadmium['kRdmiKm](Cd) 镉Caesium['si:zjKm](Cs) 铯Calcium['kRlsiKm](Ca) 钙Californium[kRli'fU:niKm](Cf) 锎 Carbon['kT:bKn](C) 碳Cerium['siriKm](Ce) 铈Chlorine['klU:ri:n](Cl) 氯Chromium['kroumiKm](Cr) 铬Cobalt['koubU:lt](Co) 钴Copper['kUpK](Cu) 铜Curium['kjuriKm](Cm) 锔Dysprosium[dis'prousiKm](Dy) 镝 Einsteinium[ain'stainiKm](Es) 锿 Erbium['K:biKm](Er) 铒Europium[ju'roupiKm](Eu) 铕Fermium['fEKmiKm](Fm) 镄Fluorine['flu(:)Kri:n](F) 氟Francium['frRnsiKm](Fr) 钫Gadolinium[gRdK'liniKn](Gd) 钆 Gallium['gRliKm](Ga) 镓Germanium[dJK:'meiniKm](Ge) 锗 Gold[gKuld](Au) 金Helium['hi:liKm](He) 氦Holmium['houlmiKm](Ho) 钬Hydrogen['haidrKudJKn](H) 氢Indium['indiKm](In) 铟Iodine['aiKdi:n](I) 碘Iridium[ai'ridiKm](Ir) 铱Iron['aiKn](Fe) 铁Krypton['kriptUn](Kr) 氪Lanthanum['lRnPKnKm](La) 镧Lawrencium[lU:'rensiKm](Lr) 铹Lead[li:d](Pb) 铅Lithium['liPiKm](Li) 锂Lutetium[lu:'ti:FiKm](Lu) 镥Magnesium['mRg'ni:FiKm](Mg) 镁Manganese[mRNgK'ni:z, 'mRNgKni:z](Mn) 锰Mendelevium[mendK'li:viKm](Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞 Molybdenum[mK'libdinKm](Mo) 钼Neodymium[ni:ou'dimiKm](Nd) 钕Neon['ni:Kn](Ne) 氖Neptunium[nep'tju:niKm](Np) 镎Nickel['nikl](Ni) 镍Niobium[nai'oubiKm](Nb) 铌Nitrogen['naitrKdJKn](N) 氮Nobelium[nou'bi:liKm](No) 锘Osmium['UzmiKm](Os) 锇Oxygen['UksidJKn](O) 氧Palladium[pK'leidiKm](Pd) 钯Phosphorus['fUsfKrKs](P) 磷Platinum['plRtinKm](Pt) 铂Plutonium[plu:'touniKm](Pu) 钚Polonium[pK'louniKm](Po) 钋Potassium[pK'tRsjKm](K) 钾Praseodymium[preiziK'dimiKm](Pr) 镨Promethium[prK'mi:PiKm](Pm) 钷Protactinium[proutRk'tiniKm](Pa) 镤Radon['reidUn](Rn) 氡Rhenium['ri:niKm](Re) 铼Rhodium['roudiKm](Rh) 铑Rubidium[ru:'bidiKm](Rb) 铷Ruthenium[ru:'Pi:niKm](Ru) 钌Samarium[sK'mEKriKm](Sm) 钐Scandium['skRndiKm](Sc) 钪Selenium[si'li:niKm](Se) 硒Silicon['silikKn](Si) 硅Silver['silvK](Ag) 银Sodium['soudiKm](Na) 钠Strontium['strUnFiKm](Sr) 锶Sulphur['sZlfK](S) 锍Tantalum['tRntlKm](Ta) 钽Technetium[tek'ni:FiKm](Tc) 锝Tellurium[te'ljuKriKm](Te) 碲Terbium['tK:biKm](Tb) 铽Thallium['PRliKm](Tl) 铊Thorium['PouriKm](Th) 钍Tin[tin](Sn) 锡Thulium['Pju:liKm](Tm) 铥Titanium[tai'teiniKm](Ti) 钛Tungsten['tZNstKn](W) 钨Uranium[ju'reiniKm](U) 铀Vanadium[vK'neidiKm](V) 钒Xenon['zenUn](Xe) 氙Ytterbium[i'tK:biKm](Yb) 镱Yttrium['itriKm](Y) 钇Zinc[ziNk](Zn) 锌Zirconium[zK'kouniKm](Zr) 锆氨 ammonia[K'mounjK]氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium[K'mouniKm] salt饱和链烃 saturated['sRtFKreitid] aliphatic hydrocarbon变性 denaturation[di:'neitFK'reiFKn]不饱和烃 unsaturated[Zn'sRtFKreitid] hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive[sju:pKkKn'dZktiv] material 臭氧 ozone['ouzoun]醇 alcohol['RlkKhUl]次氯酸钾 potassium[pK'tRsjKm] hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium['soudiKm] acetate蛋白质 protein['prKuti:n]氮族元素 nitrogen['naitrKdJKn] group element碘化钾 potassium[pK'tRsjKm] iodide碘化钠 sodium['soudiKm] iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical[ilektou'kemikl] corrosion 电解质 electrolyte[i'lektrKlait]电离平衡 ionization[aiKnai'zeiFKn] equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch[stT:tF]淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch[stT:tF] potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen['naitrKdJKn] dioxide二氧化硅 silicon['silikKn] dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur['sZlfK] dioxide二氧化锰 manganese[mRNgK'ni:z, 'mRNgKni:z] dioxide 芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic[eksou'PK:mik] reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule['mUlikju:l]非极性键 non-polar bond[bUnd]肥皂 soap[sKup]分馏 fractional['frRkFKnl] distillation酚 phenol['fi:nU:l]复合材料 composite[kKm'pUzit]干电池 dry cell[sel]干馏 dry distillation[disti'leiFKn]甘油 glycerol['glisKrUl]高分子化合物 polymer['pUlimK]共价键 covalent[kou'veilKnt] bond官能团 functional['fZNkFKnl] group过氧化氢 hydrogen['haidrKudJKn] peroxide合成材料 synthetic[sin'Petic] material合成纤维 synthetic[sin'Petic] fiber合成橡胶 synthetic[sin'Petic] rubber核电荷数 nuclear['nju:kliK] charge number核素 nuclide['nju:klaid]化学电源 chemical['kemikKl] power source化学反应速率 chemical['kemikKl] reaction rate 化学键 chemical['kemikKl] bond化学平衡 chemical['kemikKl] equilibrium还原剂 reducing[ri'dju:s] agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽 Hull[hZl] Cell极性分子 polar['pKulK] molecule极性键 polar['pKulK] bond加成反应 addition[K'diFKn] reaction加聚反应 addition[K'diFKn] polymerization甲烷 methane['mePein]碱金属 alkali['RlkKlai] metal碱石灰 soda['sKudK] lime结构式 structural['strZktFKrKl] formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible[ri'vK:sKbl] reaction空气污染指数 air pollution[pK'lu:FKn] index 勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle['prinsKpl]离子反应 ionic[ai'Unik] reaction离子方程式 ionic[ai'Unik] equation离子键 ionic[ai'Unik] bond锂电池 lithium['liPiKm] cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric[RmfK'terik] hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric[RmfK'terik] oxide裂化 cracking[krRk]裂解 pyrolysis[pai'rUlisis]硫氰化钾 potassium[pK'tRsjKm] thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium['soudiKm] sulphide氯化钡 barium['beriKm] chloride氯化钾 potassium[pK'tRsjKm] chloride氯化铝 aluminium[<Rlju:'minjKm] chloride氯化镁 magnesium['mRg'ni:FiKm] chloride氯化氢 hydrogen['haidrKudJKn] chloride氯化铁 iron['aiKn] (III) chloride氯水 chlorine['klU:ri:n] water麦芽糖 maltose['mU:ltous]煤 coal[kKul]酶 enzyme['enzaim]摩尔 mole[moul]摩尔质量 molar['moulK] mass品红 magenta[mK'dJentK]或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose['glu:kKus]气体摩尔体积 molar['moulK] volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead[li:d] storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte[i'lektrKlait]氢氟酸 hydrogen['haidrKudJKn] chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium[<Rlju:'minjKm] hydroxide取代反应 substitution[sZbsti'tju:FKn] reaction醛 aldehyde['Rldihaid]炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel[fjuKl] cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte[i'lektrKlait]石油 Petroleum[pi'trKuliKm]水解反应 hydrolysis[hai'drUlisis] reaction四氯化碳 carbon['kT:bKn] tetrachloride塑料 plastic['plRstik]塑料的降解 plastic['plRstik] degradation塑料的老化 plastic['plRstik] ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠 sodium['soudiKm] carbonate碳酸氢铵 ammonium[K'mouniKm] bicarbonate糖类 carbohydrate['kT:bKu'haidreit]烃 hydrocarbon['haidrK'kT:bKn]烃的衍生物 derivative[di'rivKtiv] of hydrocarbon烃基 hydrocarbonyl同分异构体 isomer['aisKmK]同素异形体 allotrope['RlKtroup]同位素 isotope['aisoutoup]同系物 homo1og涂料 coating烷烃 alkane['Rlkein]物质的量 amount[K'maunt] of substance物质的量浓度 amount-of-substanceconcentration[<kUnsen'treiFKn] of B烯烃 alkene['Rlki:n]洗涤剂 detergent[di'tK:dJKnt]纤维素 cellulose['seljulous]相对分子质量 relative['relKtiv] molecular mass相对原子质量 relative['relKtiv] atomic mass消去反应 elimination[ilimi'neiFKn] reaction硝化反应 nitratlon reaction[ri(:)'RkFKn]硝酸钡 barium['beriKm] nitrate硝酸银 silver['silvK] nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution[sK'lju:FKn] of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠 sodium['soudiKm] bromide溴水 bromine['broumi:n] water溴水 bromine['broumi:n] water盐类的水解 hydrolysis[hai'drUlisis] of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应 flame[fleim] test氧化剂 oxidizing['Uksidaiz] agent氧化铝 aluminium[<Rlju:'minjKm] oxide氧化铁 iron['aiKn] (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol['ePKnoul]乙醛 ethana1乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate['Rsitit]乙烯 ethylene['ePKli:n]银镜反应 silver['silvK] mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic[sti'Rrik] acid油脂 oils[Uil] and fats有机化合物 organic[U:'gRnik] compound元素周期表 periodic[piKri'Udik] table of elements元素周期律 periodic[piKri'Udik] law of elements原电池 primary['praimKri] battery原子序数 atomic[K'tUmik] number皂化反应 saponification[sKpUnifi'keiFKn]粘合剂 adhesive[Kd'hi:siv]蔗糖 sucrose['sju:krous]指示剂 Indicator['indikeitK]酯 ester['estK]酯化反应 esterification[esterifi'keiFKn]周期 period['piKriKd]族 group（主族：main[mein] group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product['prUdKkt]化学反应产物flask[flT:sk]烧瓶apparatus[<RpK'reitKs]设备PH indicator['indikeitK] PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂 matrass['mRtrKs]卵形瓶litmus['litmKs]石蕊litmus['litmKs] paper 石蕊试纸graduate['grRdjueit], graduated['grRdjueit] flask 量筒,量杯reagent[ri:'eidJKnt]试剂test[test] tube 试管burette[bjuK'ret]滴定管retort[ri'tU:t]曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel['kju:pl]烤钵crucible['kru:sibl] pot, melting[melt] pot 坩埚pipette[pi'pet]吸液管stirring[stK:] rod 搅拌棒element['elimKnt]元素body 物体compound['kUmpaund]化合物atom['RtKm]原子gram[grRm] atom 克原子atomic[K'tUmik] weight 原子量atomic[K'tUmik] number 原子数atomic[K'tUmik] mass 原子质量molecule['mUlikju:l]分子electrolyte[i'lektrKlait]电解质ion['aiKn]离子anion['RnaiKn]阴离子cation['kRtaiKn]阳离子electron 电子isotope['aisoutoup]同位素isomer['aisKmK]同分异物现象polymer['pUlimK]聚合物symbol['simbKl]复合radical['rRdikKl]基structural['strZktFKrKl] formula 分子式 valence['veilKns], valency['veilKnsi]价 monovalent[mUnK'veilKnt]单价bivalent['baiveilKnt]二价halogen['hRlKdJKn]成盐元素bond[bUnd]原子的聚合mixture['mikstFK]混合combination[<kUmbi'neiFKn]合成作用compound['kUmpaund]合成物alloy['RlUi]合金organic[U:'gRnik] chemistry 有机化学inorganic[inU:'gRnik] chemistry 无机化学 derivative[di'rivKtiv]衍生物series['siKri:z]系列acid 酸sulphuric[sZl'fjuKrik] acid 硫酸nitric['naitrik] acid 硝酸aqua['RkwK] fortis 王水fatty['fRti] acid 脂肪酸organic[U:'gRnik] acid 有机酸 hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸 hydrogen['haidrKudJKn] sulfide 氢化硫alkali['RlkKlai]碱,强碱ammonia[K'mounjK]氨base[beis]碱hydrate['haidreit]水合物hydroxide[hai'drUksaid]氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon['haidrK'kT:bKn]碳氢化合物,羟anhydride[Rn'haidraid]酐alkaloid['RlkKlUid]生物碱aldehyde['Rldihaid]醛oxide['Uksaid]氧化物phosphate['fUsfeit]磷酸盐acetate['Rsitit]醋酸盐methane['mePein]甲烷,沼气butane[bju:'tein]丁烷salt 盐potassium[pK'tRsjKm] carbonate 碳酸钾soda['sKudK]苏打sodium['soudiKm] carbonate 碳酸钠caustic['kU:stik] potash 苛性钾caustic['kU:stik] soda 苛性钠ester['estK]酯gel[dJel]凝胶体analysis[K'nRlisis]分解fractionation[frRkFK'neiFKn]分馏endothermic[endou'PK:mik] reaction 吸热反应exothermic[eksou'PK:mik] reaction 放热反应precipitation[prisipi'teiFKn]沉淀to precipitate[pri'sipiteit]沉淀distillation[disti'leiFKn]蒸馏to calcine['kRlsain]煅烧to oxidize['Uksidaiz]氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate[Uk'sidJineit], to oxidize['Uksidaiz]脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate[hai'drUdJineit]氢化to hydrate['haidreit]水合,水化to dehydrate[di:'haidreit]脱水fermentation[fK:men'teiFKn]发酵solution[sK'lju:FKn]溶解combustion[kKm'bZstFKn]燃烧fusion['fju:JKn], melting[melt]熔解alkalinity[RlkK'liniti]碱性isomerism[ai'sUmKrizm], isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis[hai'drUlisis]水解electrolysis[ilek'trUlisis]电解electrode[i'lektroud]电极anode['Rnoud]阳极,正极cathode['kRPoud]阴极,负极catalyst['kRtKlist]催化剂catalysis[kK'tRlisis]催化作用oxidization[Uksidai'zeiFKn], oxidation[Uksi'deiFKn]氧化 reducer[ri'dju:s]还原剂dissolution[disK'lu:FKn]分解synthesis['sinPKsis]合成reversible[ri'vK:sKbl]可逆的。
中英文科技论文写作之化学术语
中英文科技论文写作之化学术语引言在科技领域，化学是一个非常重要的学科。
为了确保科技论文的准确性和可理解性，正确使用化学术语是至关重要的。
然而，对于非英语母语的作者来说，掌握化学术语的中英文翻译并正确运用在论文中可能是一个挑战。
本文将介绍一些常见的化学术语的中英文对照，帮助非英语母语作者更好地撰写科技论文。
一、化学基础词汇1.1 元素（Elements）元素是化学最基本的单位，由原子组成。
例如，氢（hydrogen）是一种元素，其化学符号为H。
以下是一些常见元素的英文名称及其化学符号：•氧（Oxygen）—— O•碳（Carbon）—— C•氮（Nitrogen）—— N•铁（Iron）—— Fe•铜（Copper）—— Cu1.2 化合物（Compounds）化合物是由不同元素按照一定比例结合而成的物质。
例如，水（water）是一种由氢和氧组成的化合物，其化学式为H2O。
以下是一些常见化合物的英文名称及其化学式：•二氧化碳（Carbon Dioxide）—— CO2•氨（Ammonia）—— NH3•氮氧化物（Nitric Oxide）—— NO•氯化钠（Sodium Chloride）—— NaCl二、基本理论和原理术语2.1 反应（Reactions）反应是指物质之间发生的化学变化过程。
以下是一些常见的反应类型的中英文对照：•氧化反应（Oxidation Reaction）•还原反应（Reduction Reaction）•酸碱中和反应（Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction）•电解反应（Electrolysis Reaction）2.2 摩尔（Moles）摩尔是一种用来计量化学物质的单位。
以下是一些与摩尔相关的术语的中英文对照：•摩尔质量（Molar Mass）•摩尔浓度（Molar Concentration）•摩尔比（Molar Ratio）2.3 平衡（Equilibrium）化学反应可以达到平衡态，意味着反应速率的正向和反向过程相互抵消，达到动态平衡。
常见化学术语的中英文对照
化学词汇1.The Ideal-Gas Equation理想气体状态方程2.Partial Pressures分压3.Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4.System and Surroundings系统与环境5.Stateand State Functions状态与状态函数6.Process过程7.Phase相8.The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一定律9.Heat and Work热与功10.Endothermic and Exothermic Processes吸热与发热过程11.Enthalpiesof Reactions反应热12.Hess’s Law盖斯定律13.Enthalpiesof Formation生成焓14.Reaction Rates反应速率15.Reaction Order反应级数16.Rate Constants速率常数17.Activation Energy活化能18.Reaction Mechanisms反应机理19.Enzymes酶20.The Equilibrium Constant平衡常数21.the Direction of Reaction反应方向22.Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响23.Spontaneous Processes自发过程24.Entropy S tandard Entropy熵标准熵25.The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律26.Entropy Changes熵变27.Standard Free-Energy Changes标准自由能变28.Acid酸29.Bases碱30.The Protonin Water水合质子31.The Ph Scales pH值32.The Dissociation of Water水离解33.Relative Strength of Acidsand Bases酸碱的相对强度34.Hydrolysis of Metal Ions金属离子的水解35.Buffer Solutions缓冲溶液36.The Common-Ion Effects同离子效应37.Buffer Capacity缓冲容量38.Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成39.Solubility溶解度40.The Solubility-Product Constant溶度积常数41.Precipitation and separation of Ions离子的沉淀与分离42.Selective Precipitation of Ions离子的选择沉淀43.Oxidation-Reduction Reactions氧化还原反应44.Oxidation Number氧化数45.Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations氧化还原反应方程的配平46.Half-Reaction半反应47.Oxidizing and Reducing Agents氧化剂和还原剂48.Electrolysis电解49.The Wave Behavior of Electrons电子的波动性50.Electron Spin电子自旋51.Atomic Orbital原子轨道52.The sp,d,f Orbital sp，d，f轨道53.Many-Electron Atoms多电子原子54.Energies of Orbital轨道能量55.The Pauli Exclusion Principle泡林不相容原理56.Electron Configurations电子构型57.The Periodic Table周期表58.Row行59.Group族60.Isotopes,Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers同位素，原子数，质量数61.Periodic Properties of the Elements元素的周期律62.Radius of Atoms原子半径63.Ionization Energy电离能64.Electronegativity电负性65.Effective Nuclear Charge有效核电荷66.Metals金属67.Nonmetals非金属68.V alence Bond Theory价键理论69.Covalence Bond共价键70.Orbital Overlap轨道重叠71.Multiple Bonds重键72.Hybrid Orbital杂化轨道73.The VSEPR Model价层电子对互斥理论74.Molecular Geometries分子空间构型75.Molecular Orbital分子轨道76.Diatomic Molecules双原子分子77.Bond Length键长78.Bond Order键级79.Bond Angles键角80.Bond Enthalpies键能81.Bond Polarity键矩82.Polarity Molecules极性分子83.Polyatomic Molecules多原子分子84.Crystal Structure晶体结构85.Non-Crystal非晶体86.Metallic Solids金属晶体87.Metallic Bond金属键88.Alloys合金89.Ionic Solids离子晶体90.Molecular Forces分子间力91.Intermolecular Forces分子间作用力92.Hydrogen Bonding氢键93.Covalent-Network Solids原子晶体pounds化合物95.The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes配合物的命名，组成和结构96.Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型97.Chelates螯合物98.Isomerism异构现象99.Structural Isomerism结构异构100.Stereoisomerism立体异构101.Magnetism磁性102.Electron Configurationsin Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布103.Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes四面体和平面四边形配合物104.General Characteristics共性105.s-Block Elementss区元素106.Alkali Metals碱金属107.Alkaline Earth Metals碱土金属108.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-Block Elements p区元素134.Boron Group Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium硼族硼，铝，镓，铟，铊136.Carbon Group Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead碳族碳，硅，锗，锡，铅137.Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139.Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon硅的存在和制备140.Silicic Acid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸盐141.Nitrogen Group Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth氮族磷，砷，锑，铋142.Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides磷酸盐，卤化磷144.Oxygen Group Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium氧族元素氧，硫，硒，碲145.Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧，过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine卤素氟，氯，溴，碘148.Halides, Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.The Noble Gases稀有气体150.Noble-Gas Compounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Block elements d区元素152.Transition Metals过渡金属153.Potassium Dichromate重铬酸钾154.Potassium Permanganate高锰酸钾155.Iron Copper Zinc铁，铜，锌156.f-Block Elements f区元素nthanides镧系元素162.analytical chemistry分析化学163.qualitative analysis定性分析164.quantitative analysis定量分析165.chemical analysis化学分析166.instrumental analysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetric analysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographi analysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemical analysis电化学分析173.on-line analysis在线分析174.macro analysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.micro analysis微量分析177.deformation analysis形态分析178.semimicro analysis半微量分析179.systematical error系统误差180.routine analysis常规分析181.random error偶然误差182.arbitration analysis仲裁分析183.gross error过失误差184.normal distribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relative standard deviation相对标准偏差RSD 192.significant test显著性检验193.significant figure有效数字194.standard solution标准溶液196.stoichiometric point化学计量点197.end point滴定终点198.titrationerror滴定误差199.primary standard基准物质200.amount of substance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemical reaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemical equilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207.proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209.dissociation constant解离常数210.conjugate acid-basepair共轭酸碱对211.acetic acid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-product constant of water水的离子积215.ionization电离216.proton condition质子平衡217.zero level零水准218.buffer solution缓冲溶液219.methyl orange甲基橙220.acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordination compound配位化合物223.centerion中心离子224.cumulativest ability constant累积稳定常数225.alphaco efficient酸效应系数226.overall stability constant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体229.side reaction coefficient副反应系数230.coordination atom配位原子231.coordination number配位数232.lone pair electron孤对电子233.chelate compound螯合物234.metalin dicator金属指示剂235.chelating agent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalytic reaction催化反应244.reactionrate反应速率245.electrode potential电极电势246.activation energy反应的活化能247.redox couple氧化还原电对248.potassium permanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redoxin dicator氧化还原指示253.oxygen consuming耗氧量OC254.chemical oxygen demanded化学需氧量COD 255.dissolved oxygen溶解氧DO256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法259.aging陈化260.post precipitation继沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.fitration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemical factor化学因数267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibration curve校正曲线271.standard curve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.wave length dispersion色散275.absorption cell吸收池276.detector检测系统278.Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylating agent乙酰化剂283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethl ether乙醚285.ethyl alcohol乙醇291.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reaction mechanism反应历程295.chemical shift化学位移296.Waldeninversio瓦尔登反转n 297.Enantiomorph对映体298.addition reaction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereo chemistry立体化学302.stereoisomer立体异构体303.Lucasre agent卢卡斯试剂304.covalent bond共价键309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象anic chemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybridorbital杂化轨道315.peroxide effect过氧化物效应t 316.valence bond theory价键理论317.sequence rule次序规则334.positionalisomers位置异构体337.benzene苯339.configuration构型340.conformation构象341.confomation alisome构象异构体356.nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振366.Ketone酮367.carboxylic acid羧酸368.carboxylic acid derivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氢化反应370.bond length键长371.bond energy键能372.bond angle键角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正离子375.carbanion碳负离子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmannrule霍夫曼规则378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物数学英语词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric meann个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x 有理数rational number 无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rational number 无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle 等腰三角形isosceles triangle 等边三角形equilateral triangle 四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron 十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram代数部分1. 有关数算add，plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数，红利divisor 因子，除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程linear equation 线性方程(e.g. 5?x?+6=22) 4.?有关分数和小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator （最小）公分母quarter 四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数，幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数，立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的，线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32 round off 四舍五入6.有关数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse 倒数composite number 合数prime number 质数reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比7.?数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列8.?其它?approximate 近似(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数direct proportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计，近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3.?有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形，平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4.其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形5.有关立体图形cube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6.?有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边，底数（e.g. 2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8.其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的其它1.单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打（12个）score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度) square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天) common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie 打Chapter onefunction notation方程符号函数符号quadratic functions 二次函数quadratic equations 二次方程式二次等式chapter twoEquivalent algebraic expressions 等价代数表达式rational expression 有理式有理表达式horizontal and vertical translation of functions 函数的水平和垂直的平移reflections of functions 函数的倒映映射chapter threeExponential functions 指数函数exponential decay 指数式衰减exponent 指数properties of exponential functions 指数函数的特性chapter fourTrigonometry 三角学Reciprocal trigonometric ratios 倒数三角函数比Trigonometric functions 三角函数Discrete functions 离散函数11。
(完整版)普通化学术语中英文对照表
普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子atom adj.atomic原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron(abbr. e)离子ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质element化合物compound纯净物pure substance/chemical substance混合物mixture相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. A r)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. M r)化学式量relative formula mass物质的量amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. N A)摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式empirical formula气体摩尔体积molar volume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’s Law溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volume concentration浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemical equation反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐salt酸式盐acid salt离子方程式ionic equation结晶水water of crystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidation number氧化还原反应redox reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction歧化反应disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂oxidising agent还原剂reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道atomic orbital电子云electron cloud电子亚层sub-shell能层layer能级energy level电子排布electron configuration电子云重叠shell overlap洪特规则Hund’s rule泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition手性chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键chemical bond键长bond length键级bond order键角bond angle键能bond enthalpies离子键ionic bond供体donor受体acceptor静电吸引electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构giant ionic structure共价键covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构giant covalent structure共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键polar bond非极性共价键non-polar bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性electronegativity极性polarity偶极子dipole分子间作用力intermolecular forces氢键hydrogen bond范德华力van der Waal’s force色散力dispersion force诱导力induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键metallic bond离域delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性malleability可锻性ductility导电性electrical conductivity合金alloy元素周期表the Periodic Table周期period族group原子序数proton number同位素isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素nuclide同量异位素isobar金属metal非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal碱土金属alkaline earth metal卤素halogen稀有气体noble gas元素周期律periodic trends活泼active稳定noble分解反应decomposition reaction化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀precipitation官能团functional group碳氢化合物/烃hydrocarbon饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物homologous[həˈ-] series异构现象isomerism ['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体allotropy/allotropism分子式molecular formula通式general formula结构式displayed formula结构简式structural formula键线式skeletal formula均裂homolytic fission异裂heterolytic fission亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂electrophile加成反应addition reaction加水加成hydration reaction加成聚合反应addition polymerisation聚合物polymer单体monomer链节repeat unit缩合聚合反应condensation reaction缩聚物condensation polymer取代反应substitution reaction脱水dehydration水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction酯化反应esterification reaction亲核取代nucleophilic substitution消去反应elimination reaction裂化反应cracking (reaction)石油分馏fractional distillation燃烧combustion发酵fermentation氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons产率percentage yield原子利用率atom economy红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy质谱分析mass spectroscopy光谱spectrum挥发性volatility冷凝回流reflux反应机理reaction mechanism能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy热力学thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH rӨ)燃烧热heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH cӨ) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH fӨ) 放热反应exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能activation energy(abbe. E a)比热容specific heat capacity键焓bond enthalpy平均键焓average bond enthalpy盖斯定律Hess’ law有效碰撞理论collision theory反应速率rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学reaction kinetics催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis酶enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应reversible reaction动态平衡dynamic equilibrium平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂concentration power平衡移动shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应greenhouse effect吸附作用adsorption绿色化学green chemistry溶解度solubility离子反应ionic reaction电离ionisation电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionisation equilibrium电离常数ionisation constant离子积ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium溶度积solubility product原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥salt bridge电极electrode正极/阳极anode负极/阴极cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池dry cell一次电池primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电charge放电discharge燃料电池fuel cell电解electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion分子空间构型molecular geometries杂化hybrid轨道orbital晶格lattice晶体crystal晶胞crystal structure堆积作用sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘iodine(abbr. I) ['aiəudi:n]氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨graphite ['græfait]臭氧ozone ['əuzəun]红磷red phosphorus白磷white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的hydride ['haidraid]硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的azide ['æzaid]硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的dioxide [dai-']三氧化的trioxide过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子hydronium氟化的fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate硫化的sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [θa iəu-']焦硫酸根persulphate [pə:-']氯化的chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide铵根ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根permanganate锰酸根manganate氰根cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根chromate重铬酸根dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢phosphine硫化氢hydrogen sulphide氮化镁magnesium nitride四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧oxygen difluoride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-烷烃alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec-十二dodec-十三tridec-十四tetradec-十五pentadec-十六hexadec-十七heptadec-十八octadec-十九nonadec-二十eicos-三十triacont-四十tetracont-五十prntacont-正构型normal-(n-)异构型iso-(i-)新构型neo-(n-)聚poly-烷基alkyl甲基methyl(abbr. Me)乙基ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构preffix trans-(E-)苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix-di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基amino酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromopheno blue百里酚蓝thymol blue甲基橙methyl orange龙胆紫gentian violet氯仿chloroform异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠sodium stearate柠檬酸citric acid柠檬酸钠sodium citrate乳酸lactic acid乳酸钠sodium lactate葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸amino acid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose乳糖lactose淀粉starch纤维素cellulose脂肪酸fatty acid甘油/丙三醇glycerol/ glycerine/ glycerin叔丁醇tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitrə'tɔljui:n]萘naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素urea/carbamide胡萝卜素carotene叶绿素chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrine/ norpseudoephedrine舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素salbutamol伪麻黄碱pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因caffeine维生素A/视黄醇retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计thermometre [θə'-]托盘天平counterbalance试管test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶flask蒸馏烧瓶distillation flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗funnel广口瓶wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙combustion spoon蒸发皿evaporating dish酒精灯alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量筒graduated cylinder['silində]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder集气瓶gas bottle滴管burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶dropper bottle曲颈瓶retort [ri'-]表面皿watch glass石棉网asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台iron stand滴定管burette/buret泥三角pipeclay triangle启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner坩埚钳tong坩埚pot索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor冷凝管cold finger称量瓶weighing bottle注：本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语，读音均以英式发音标注。
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化学实验室常用物品英文名称1、常用仪器试管 test tube试管架 test rack试管夹test tube holder玻璃棒 glass rod滴管medicine dropper小滴管 dropper烧杯 beaker不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker 酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量杯 measuring cup量筒 measuring cylindermeasuring/graduated flask漏斗 funnel分液漏斗separatory funnel布氏漏斗Busher funnel赫氏漏斗Hirsch funnel长颈漏斗long-stem funnel无颈漏斗stemless funnel滤纸 filter paper华特门滤纸Whatman (filter) paper 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle烧瓶 flask平底烧瓶florence flask碘量瓶 iodine flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer flaskconical flask容量瓶 volumetric flaskmeasuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette移液管架pipette rack洗耳球 rubber suction bulb刻度移液管graduated pipettes吸液管pipette?滴定管 burette滴定管夹burette clamp滴定架burette holder滴定台 support holder 酸氏滴定管Geiser burette (stopcock)碱氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock石蕊试纸litmus paper石蕊litmuspH值指示剂PH indicatorpH计 pH meter广泛ph试纸universal ph indicator paper三口烧瓶3-neck round bottom flask 蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸馏烧瓶 distilling flask滴液漏斗 dropping adapter加装温度计的瓶塞reducing adapter 减压蒸馏头vacuum-distilling adapter克氏蒸馏头Claisen distilling adapter球型冷凝管Allihn condenser直型冷凝管West condenser空气冷凝管air condenserLiebig condenser蛇型冷凝管 Grahams condenser蒸馏头three-way adapter分馏柱fractionating column接液管105 degree bent adapteradapter曲颈甑retort坩埚crucible (pot)melting pot坩埚钳crucible clampcrucible tong天平balance , scale分析天平analytical balance电子天平electronic balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights 称量瓶weighing bottle称量纸weighing paper研钵mortar研杵pestle玛瑙研钵agate mortar 2、其他常用器皿及仪器洗瓶 plastic wash bottle试剂瓶 reagent bottles塞子stopper橡胶塞rubber stopper玻璃塞Pennyhead stopper玻璃活塞 stopcpck药匙lab spoon镊子forceps升降台lab jack铁架台iron support圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp螺旋夹screw clamp石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze三角架tripod搅拌装置 stirring device搅拌棒stirring rod?表面皿 watch glass蒸发皿 evaporating dish瓷蒸发皿porcelain旋转蒸发器 rotary evaporator trap 冷凝器 condenser玻璃活塞 stopcock止水夹flat jaw pinch cock弹簧节流夹pinch clamp橡胶管rubber tubing恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator 真空泵vacuum pump真空阀vacuum traps多头抽真空装置vacuum manifold抽滤瓶filter flasksuction flask离心机centrifuge离心管centrifuge tube电炉 heater马弗炉furnace烘箱oven微波炉电热套heating mantle电动搅拌器power basic stirrer磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer 转子rotor水浴bath沸石boiling stone剪刀scissor烤钵cupel石蜡封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specific gravity bottle提勒熔点管Thiele melting point tube水银温度计(mercury-filled) thermometer温度计 thermometer倒置显微镜Inverted microscope擦镜纸wiper for lens玻璃片glass plate盖玻片cover glass载玻片slide闪点仪flash point tester折光仪refractometer紫外灯ultraviolet illumination狭槽slot秒表stopwatch空气过滤器air filter(laminar flow cabinet)药柜cupboard衣服挂钩coat hanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消毒剂disinfector空调机air conditioner摇床shaker螺丝钉screw螺丝刀screw driver螺栓，插销bolt锁紧螺母nut, cap nut齿槽,插口socket扳手shifting spanner锤子 hammer钉子 nail插头 plug电极 electrode电泳槽gel tank微细胞；小电泳槽minicell 复印机duplicatorcopying machine复印纸copy paper 复写纸carbon paper 关节joint计时器timer闹钟alarm clock订书机staplerU形钉staple3、有关化学反应的词汇分析analysis分馏fractionation吸热反应endothermic reaction放热反应exothermic reaction热力学thermodynamics动力学kinetics沉淀precipitate, precipitation 沉淀,沉降sediment, sedimentation 蒸馏distill, distillation煅烧calcine氧化oxidize, oxygenate碱化alkalinization中和neutralize, neutralization 滴定titration氢化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解solution燃烧combustion熔解fusion, melting碱性alkalinity同分异物现象isomerism水解hydrolysis电解electrolysis电解质溶液electrolyte电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode催化catalyse, catalyze催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization, oxidation还原剂reducer分解dissolution, decomposition 合成synthesis 可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible仪器设备 apparatus产物 product1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide内酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱 quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐 diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论 molecular orbital theory共振论 resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体，对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应 stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应 stereoselective reaction 不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式 perspective formula 纽曼投影式 Newman projection formula 椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction 格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry 8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基，游离基 free radical卡宾，碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling 质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force 11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity<HTML>本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用，请勿它用！</HTML>化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管 burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属有机化学常用基团中英文对照Common control group of Organic Chemistry in Chinese and English 甲基(缩写Me)——methyl乙基(缩写Et)——ethyl丙基(缩写Pr)——propyl丁基(缩写Bu)——butyl戊基——amyl，pentyl己基——hexyl庚基——heptyl辛基——octyl壬基——nonyl癸基——decyl十一烷基——hendecyl十二烷基——dodecyl十六(烷)基/鲸蜡基——cetyl十七(烷)基——heptadecyl十八(烷)基——octodecyl苯基(缩写Ph)——phenyl苯甲基/苄基——phenmethyl苯乙基——phenylethyl三价苯基——phenenyl乙氧苯基——phenelyl，ethoxyphenyl 萘基——naphthyl菲基——phenanthryl菲啶基——phenanthridinyl乙烯基(缩写Vi)——vinyl，ethenyl乙炔基——ethinyl己烯基——hexenyl庚烯基——heptenyl喹啉基——quinolyl吩噻嗪基——phenothiazinyl醌基——quinonyl，benzoquinonyl甲酸基——formyl乙酰基、醋酸基——acetyl丙烯酰——acryloyl，acrylyl氨基/胺基——amidocyanogen，羰基——carbonyl羧基——carboxyl羟基/氢氧基——hydroxyl酯烷基——ester alkyl烷基——alkyl芳基——aryl环戊基——cyclopentyl环己基——cyclohexyl硝基——nitro-Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管 burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑 Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌 Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂。