大学英语语法 陈述句

3. He will give you a lot of help. → He will certainly give you a lot of help.
4. I
have never seen a queer man like him. Never have I seen a queer man like him.
陈述句
（statement） statement） (declarative sentence)
陈述句的交际功能主要是说明事实， 陈述句的交际功能主要是说明事实， 肯定什么或者否定什么。 肯定什么或者否定什么。这种句子 主要分为： 主要分为： （1）肯定陈述句 ） （2）否定陈述句 ）
肯定陈述句
→
5. No one was seen in the house. → Not a single soul was seen in the house.
EXERCISE2:将肯定陈述句变为否定陈述句
1.Some of us have finished it already. ↘ Some of us have not finished it yet. 2.I told somebody something. ↘ I didn’t tell anybody anything. 3.I can understand both of these two questions.
否定陈述句
否定陈述句主要用来表示否定意向或提出对比，分为带否定 词not的否定句和带其他否定词的否定句。 否定陈述句通常带否定词not，置于操作词之后和主动词之前。 例如： This material does not conduct electricity. I have not yet finished my essay. “操作词+not”的缩略形式有两种：一种是“主语+操作词的 缩略形式+not” 例如： We’re not hungry. He’d not do it. 另一种是“操作词+not的缩略形式n’t”.例如： We aren’t hungry. He wouldn’t do it.
强调否定
为了强调还可在never 之后加助动词do的一定形式。 I never did like her, you know. The letter we were expecting never did arrive. 4.用某些固定搭配来加强否定。 I didn’t sleep a wink all night. He won’t left a finger to help us. We didn’t see a soul there. 5.当然还可以使用某些加强否定意义的特殊结构。例如： You won’t catch me doing that again.(我绝不会再干那种事) I’ll be hanged if I’ll do any such thing.(我绝不会干这种事)
mistaken, I think, I suppose, I guess, if I might say so, if you please, if you don’t mind等。例如： Teaching 16 hours a week, I’m afraid, it’s too much for me. We have met before, if I’m not mistaken.
肯定陈述句
5.除了上述几种强调手段以外，在口语中人们还可以重读 操作词的方法来加强肯定的口气。例如： welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New I’m telling you the truth → you must believe me. Content design, 10 years experience You need not lie to me, you did go to that place and many people saw you there.
↘
I cannot understand either of these two questions
4.There is someone doing research in this field.
↘
There isn’t anybody doing research in this field.
5.I have quite a lot to do in the morning. ↘ I never have much to do in the morning.
在上述例子中，not是用来否定谓语动词，从而构成否定句。 但是not也可以用来否定句子中的其他词语，仅表示局部否定， 而不构成否定句。例如： He said it not to you but to me.(否定介词词组) You are wrong in not making a protest.(否定-ing分词结构) He visited her not long ago.(否定副词词组) He wrote a not very successful book.(否定形容词词组) 这些例子都不能算是否定陈述句，而仍为肯定句。但是若局部 否定出现在句首，又是也会构成否定句。例如： Not very often did she go there to see him. = She did not go there to see him very often. 除not以外还可以使用其他否定词构成否定句。例如： No honest man would lie. He is no longer there. I never smoke. I did nothing to be ashamed of. It will get you nowhere.(那会使你徒劳无功)
肯定陈述句
4.使用“修辞疑问句”来起强调作用。修辞疑问句是一种 形式上为疑问句而实际上为陈述句的强调句型。它的否 welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, 定形式相当于受强调的肯定陈述句。例如：New Isn’t Content design, 10 today? it lovely weather years experience =The weather is very lovely indeed. Who doesn’t know that? =Everybody knows that. 反之，修辞疑问句的肯定形式相当于受强调的否定陈述 句。例如： Who cares where you slept? =Nobody cares where you slept. Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement？ =Surely no one will doubt it.
陈述句在肯定事实时采用不同程度的肯定口气。人们在 肯定某项事实时往往采用一些委婉的词语，使说话人的
Content design, 10 years experience 态度更有礼貌。这些词语常见的有：I’m afraid, if I’m not welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New
EXERCISE1:强化陈述句
1.I was very glad to hear the news.
→I
was indeed very glad to hear the news
2. He smokes like a chimney.
→
He smokes like a chimney, he does.
肯定陈述句
有时为了交际的需要，必须加强肯定的语气。强调的手段 主要有： welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New 1. 增加强调词，常用强调词有：indeed, really, definitely, Content sure, without any question, certainly, for design, 10 years experience without doubt, undoubtedly, surely, virtually, actually等。 Many people will certainly lose their jobs. I really need you help. 2. 增添强调附加结构。 That was a trap, that was. You have got mad, you have. 3. 采用双重否定，比较含蓄地加强肯定。 That kind of result is not impossible(=quite possible) She went to that place not infrequently(=quite frequently)
强调否定
1.将否定成分移至句首构成倒装。例如： On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals. Not a moment should I waste. Never have I smoked a cigarette. 2.用“not one/ not a (single)+单数可数名词”来加强 否定。例如： Not one door was left unlocked. Not a word came from his lips. Not a single sound was heard. 3.重复否定词never或者用never in (all) my life等结构 来实现强调否定。 I shall never, never go theLeabharlann Baidue again. I’ve never in my life heard of such a thing.