人教版高中英语必修2现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)(推荐文档).doc

人教版高中英语必修 2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版 )【高一同步教程】高中英语必修 2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解【学习目标】1．现在完成时被动语态的结构2．现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【课前预习】1．什么是语态？语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。

2．对现在完成时被动语态的理解现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“have + been + 动词过去分词”。

试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：1）主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours.他修理这台机器已有两小时了。

被动句： The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已修了两小时了。

2）主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books.老师把那些书借走了。

被动句： The books have been borrowed by the teacher.那些书被老师借走了。

【教学过程】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“ have ／ has ＋ been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

例如：Two windows have been broken ．两个窗子被打破了。

2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“ have ／ has ＋ not＋ been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

例如：The car has not been repaired ．这辆汽车还没有修好。

3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have／ Has ＋主语＋ been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

例如：① ─ Has her work been finished ？她的工作完成了吗？─ Yes， it has．是的，完成了。

② ─ Have the cars been repaired ？这些汽车修好了吗？─No， they haven't ．不，还没有。

4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“疑问词＋have／ has＋主语＋ been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

例如：How long has her work been finished ？她的工作完成有多久了？Who has been helped by the new computer ？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？How many new words have been learned by the students ？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。

例如： The door has beenlocked ．门被锁上了。

（结果是现在没有人能进去）2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long ．？句型中。

例如：．．The old man has been looked after for twenty years.1这位老人已受照顾20 年了。

（可能还会被照顾下去）They have been told about it for many times．．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。

（可能还会有人告诉他们）How long has the machine been used ？这机器使用有多久了？三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have ／ has 和 been，两者缺一不可。

2．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have built many houses in the past ten years.Many houses have been built in the past ten years (by us).3．带有双宾语的动词，如：give, send, bring, take, teach, show,, sing, write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend,pass, promise 等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

We have given him the book.He has been given the book.The book has been given to him.4．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。

原来省略to 的不定式作宾补时，被动语态中要用带to 的不定式。

I have told them to help you.They have been told to help you.I have made her work hard.She has been made to work hard (by me).5．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。

例如：The orphan has been well looked after ．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。

They have referred to the books.The books have been referred to (by them).He has thought of a way of doing it.A way of doing it has been thought of (by him).6．由 finish ， buy， start， begin ， post，return ， borrow ， join ， marry ， open 等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days ， how long 等连用，而要改换动词或时态。

例如：译：这本书买了多久了？误： How long has this book been bought ？正： How long ago was this book bought？但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since 或 for 引导的时间段连用。

例如：No books have been bought since last week ．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

7．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。

一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时刻，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。

例如：The house was built last year ．这房子是去年建造的。

The house has been built ．这房子已经建好了。

四、经典习题1. I can't see any coffee in this cupboard.. ( 北京 2005 春 )2A. Has it all been finishedB. Was it all finishedC. Has it all finishedD. Did it all finish2. Millions of pounds' worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of England lastnight.( 重庆 2005)A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. ( 江苏 2004)A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated4. — The window is dirty.— I know. It for weeks.(2004 全国卷Ⅲ )A. hasn't cleanedB. didn't cleanC. wasn't cleanedD. hasn't been cleaned【答案与解析】第 1 题的第一句话告诉我们，橱柜里看不到咖啡了（对现在造成影响和结果），所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗？”，故选 A 。

第 2 题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”，这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故选 A 。

第 3 题中的 patients 与 treat 之间是被动关系，排除 A 、 B 。

根据时间状语this year 可知用现在完成时的被动语态，故选 D。

第 4 题上句提到“窗户很脏” ，所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了” ，故选 D。

【课后练习】一、把下列句子变成被动语态1.Mary has locked the door.2.She has told me about the story.3.I have read this book many times.4.We have completed all the preparations for the task, and we're ready to start.5.This company has produced new types of computers6.They have interviewed several teachers for the job.7.George has sent some texts and pictures to his friend's cell phone.8.They have developed some programs for the human resource department of their company9.Someone has put the book under the bench for more than two days.10.The typhoon has damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.二、改错1.A personal computer has bought by us.2.Many problems has been found with our new computer.3.The computer was used every day since we bought it.4.It's said that this book has translated into Chinese.5.The new theater has been designing recently.三、单选选择1. ---Flight 302 to London until 7:30 tomorrow morning.---No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers.A ． has been delayedB ． delay C． delayed D． will be delayed2. Great changes ______ in the city, and a lot of factories ______.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they beforeleaving their hometowns.3A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised4. —David and Vicky married?—For about three years.A. How long were; beingB. How long have; gotC. How long have; beenD. How long did; get5. Tom was said to ______ Mary for forty years.A. have been married toB. have married withC. has been marriedD. had married with6 . Paper money for over a thousand years.A .usedB .has been usedC .has usedD .is using7. — We want to sit at the table near the window.—I'm sorry, but it already.A .has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken8. —the letter to Mr. .Black?—No .It's still on the desk.A. Has ;givenB. Will; be givenC. Was ;given D .Has ;been given9. Great changes in my home town and a lot of factories .A. have been taken place ;are being set upB. have taken place ;have been set upC. are taken place; had been set upD. had taken place ;will be set up10. So far, moon by man already.A. is visited B .will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited11.With the help of high technology, more new substances in the past years.A. discoveredB. have discoveredC. had been discoveredD. have been discovered12. I got caught in the rain and my suit .A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined13. —Why does the lake smell terrible—Because large quantities of water .A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has been pollutedD. have been polluted14 .When and where to go for the on-salary holiday yet.A. are not decidedB. have not been decidedC. is not being decidedD. has not been decided15. In recent years many football clubs as business to make a profitA. have runB. have been runC. had been runD. will run16. No permission has for anybody to enter the building.A. been givenB. gaveC. givenD. be give17. By 2003, 28 Chinese culture relics on World Heritage List by UNESCO.A. be placedB. placedC. have been placedD. have placed18. A lot of money to protect the old temple.A. have been spentB. has spentC. have spentD. has been spent19. The Great Wall many times in history.A. is rebuiltB. has been rebuiltC. been rebuiltD. rebuilt20. The Stonehenge existed for more than 3,000 years.4A. isB. beC. has beenD. have been21.－ How many times not to play with fire? － I'm sorry. I'll never do that again.A. do you tellB. had you toldC. are you toldD. have you been told22. The fire to the fifth floor all the people ?A. has got; Have; been savedB. has been got; Have; savedC. has got; Do; saveD. has got; Have; saved23. Old paintings according to the descriptions.A. are carefully recreatedB. have been carefully recreatedC. have be recreatedD. been carefully recreated24. More visitors to Beijing since the repair project .A. have brought; was completedB. have been brought; was completedC. have been brought; completedD. have brought; completed25. It is true that many of the world's greatest cities on the banks of a river.A. have been builtB. have builtC. are being builtD. were built26. Do you know the thief by the police?A. has caughtB. has been catchingC. was caughtD. has been caught27. It that Leshan Buddha is the biggest among the Buddhas that .A. was reported; have been foundB. is reported; have foundC. is reported; have been foundD. was reported; had been found28.－ Will you attend the meeting this afternoon? － But I anything about that.A. hadn't toldB. haven't been toldC. wasn't toldD. won't tell29. More patients in the hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated30. How many trees this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. planted【答案解析】一、将以下句子的主动形式改为被动形式1.The door has been locked.2.I have been told about the story.3.This book has been read many times .4.All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.5.New types of computers has been produced.6.Several teachers have been interviewed for the job.7.Some texts and pictures have been sent to George's friend's cell phone.8.Some programs for the human resource department of their company have been developed.9.The book has been put under the bench for more than two days.10.The bridges have been damaged by the typhoon because of its strong wind.二、改错1.A personal computer has been bought by us.2.Many problems have been found with our new computer.5.The computer has been used every day since we bought it.4. It's said that this book has been translated into Chinese.55. The new theater has been designed recently.三、单项选择1.答案： A 解析：确定首句时态的关键信息在于----No wonder I hear so many complaints from thepassengers.既然听到了乘客的抱怨，说明航班已经被推迟。