免费GMAT全部题目的中文翻译(ISSUE和ARGUMENT)
2020年1月3日GRE北美机经
2020年1月3日GRE北美机经1.3顺序 VQVQV作文：issue是The greatness of individuals is decided only by the people live after them, not by their comtemparoriesargument是说一个学校应该建更多宿舍因为按现在趋势学生数N年以后会增加N倍 (具体数字不记得了) 另外town的房租升高学生更愿意住宿舍多建立新宿舍会吸引更多的学生语文：填空什么的不记得了有几道关于太阳系的阅读有红松鼠灰松鼠诗歌什么美国西班牙建筑的 Blue音乐的数学：-1/2，(-1/2)^1, (-1/2)^2, (-1/2)^3 的range是多少xy=20， x+y有几个答案一个盒子里有10个红球 8个篮球一次取一个不放回取出来两个是两种颜色的概率一个高h，长9，宽6的长方体和一个高g,直径10的圆柱体积相等，问h和g的关系还有两组数比较标准差的一个正整数是200的factor 不是100的factor 是5的倍数不是25的倍数答案40数学不难，就是有些题目比较长，概率题也不多。
报告完毕。
VQVQV数学：问有两个数能够被6除余下来1，问你这个数除3余下来等于多少盒子里有6个黑珠子，10个白珠子，问你取两个有两种颜色的几率图标题第二部分很繁琐，给了一个表格，第一列是工作的种类，第二列是the rank of the number of job openings, 第三列是average salary, 第四列是接下来一年的the rank of the number of job openings. 问你salary 的rank 比第二列的rank多的工作种类有多少个三位数既能被4整除又能被3整除的数字有多少个其他的考了一个01 02 的mirror 的作文：The primary goal of the advancement of technology is to enhance the efficiency of people so that people can have more leisure time.Argument：A村为了improve 道路安全，将speed limit 下降从45 到35，不过还是有很多reported accident 而且很多人还是超速。
新 GRE _ ISSUE 题库 中文 翻译
新GRE作文ISSUE题目翻译+分类将新GRE写作Issue Pool 题库分类整理，更方便考生积累写作素材，熟悉分类Issue的套路，在考场上用短时间汇聚思路完成写作部分。
是大家提高新GRE写作能力的有效资料之一。
ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。
GMAT题库最新变化(Argument,Task)
GMAT题库最新变化(Argument,Task)篇一：GMAT-argument 七大宗罪说明：七宗罪是攻克AA之必备法宝。
模版部分：ArgumentIn this argument the author reaches the conclusion that.... The basis for this recommendation is that.... An additional reason given in support of this recommendation is that...(The author cites...as an example in support of this recommendation). At first glance, the author's argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some important concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.In the first place,In the second place,In the third place,In conclusion, the author fails to provide adequate justification for.... As it stands, the reasoning does not constitute a logical argument in favor of the recommendation. To strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide evidence to prove that.... To better assess the argument, we need additional detailed information about...so that we can establish the conclusion whether....IssueThe issue of whether...is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their respective angles. On the one hand, as is well-known and has often been advocated, ...; on the other hand, others probably insist that.... We do not have to look very far to see the valid standpoint of this matter. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and provide evidence favoring the former one and refuting the latter one. (The complex nature of the above issue requires us to consider it on a case-by-case basis. In my point of view, whether one has advantages over the other depends on the specific circumstances.)In the first place, the important reason that can be presented to develop my position is that.... A good example may be found in the case that.... Under this circumstance/therefore, it is obvious that....In addition, there is another reason for me to choose the formerstatement/consider the latter statement to be wrong. The reason is not far to seek:.... To illustrate, a case in point in this respect is that....Admittedly, there is no denying that...in some conditions. As we know, .... However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to.... (When...of X and Y are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious. Tosum up, while...may be true in exceptional cases, I agree that....)Consequently, I advocate that..., because: (1) ...; (2) .... Due to the above-mentioned reasons, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion I support.严重推荐：Argument之七宗罪第一宗罪：无因果联系The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.第二宗罪 Insufficient-sampleThe evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.第三宗罪: 错误类比 (based on a false analogy )<横向>The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points ofcomparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....第四宗罪 all things are equal<纵向>The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the sameas they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....第五宗罪 Either-Or choiceThe author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reasonfor imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.第六宗罪 survey is doubtfulThe poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claimdoes not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where andhow the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access thevalidity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion that...would behighly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would ruleout this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.第七宗罪 gratuitous assumptionThe author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, thisis not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility篇二：GMAT写作题库范文(十二)GMAT写作题库范文（十二）12. The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area.“Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in the Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative.Furthermore, more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.”Discuss how well reasoned... etc.在把Gazette日报的广告版向Marston地区的蔬菜商销售的计划：在Gazette日报宣传特价菜会帮助你提高销售额。
2022年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对照及分类整理完全版
新GRE考试Issue题库中英文对照及分类整顿完全版一、政治28/113/120/121/127/145 国家伟大旳判断28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.一种国家旳伟大体目前国民旳安乐上，而不是体目前统治者、艺术家或科学家旳成就上。
113 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.结论：一种国家旳伟大不是体目前统治者、艺术家或科学家旳成就上。
因素：一种国家旳伟大体目前国民旳安乐上。
120 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.结论：一种国家旳伟大体目前统治者、艺术家或科学家旳成就上。
因素：统治者、艺术家或科学家旳成就保证了大部分国民旳生活安乐。
GMAT ISSUE 写作官方题库
GMAT ISSUE 写作官方题库第一类：环境保护与能源保护002 "It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. Intemational leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential ifwe expect to protect the world's energy resources for future generations."013 "Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to govemment."041 "The best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose penalties- whether fines, imprisonment, or other punishments-on those who are most responsible for polluting or otherwise damaging it."042 "Scientists are continually redefining the standards for what is beneficial or harmful to the environment. Since these standards keep shifting, companies should resist changing their products and processes in response to eachnewrecommendation until those recommendations become govemment regulations."047 "The primary responsibility for preventing environmental damage belongs to government, not to individuals or private industry."091"Govemment should establish regulations to reduce or eliminate any suspected health hazards in the environment, even when the scientific studies of these health hazards are incomplete or contradictory."141 " Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality oflife for everyone. "第二类：建筑、历史建筑以及考古016 "Public buildings reveal much about the attitudes and values of the society that builds them. Today's new schools, courthouses, airports, and libraries, for example, reflect the attitudes and values oftoday's society."078 "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of anysociety's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modem planners feel could be better used for modem purposes."In your opinion, which is more important-preserving historic buildings or encouraging modern development? Explain your position, using reasons and examples based on your own experiences, observations, or reading.083 "We shape our buildings and afterward our buildings shape us."105 "All archaeological treasures should remain in the country in which they wereoriginally discovered. These works should not be exported, even if museums in other parts ofthe world are better able to preserve and display them."137 "Some people claim that in order to protect national parks and historical sites,public access to them should be greatly restricted. Others argue that there should be few restrictions, if any, because such places were intended for everyone to use.第三类：大众传媒、信息、娱乐001 "In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored foroffensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship."In your view, to what extent should govemment or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position. 015 "Nations should cooperate to develop regulations that limit children's access to adultmaterial on the Intemet."**The Intemet is a worldwide computer network.028 "Because businesses use high-quality advertising to sell low-quality products,schools should give students extensive training in how to make informed decisions before making purchases."032 "You can tell the ideas ofa nation by its advertisements."044 "All companies should invest heavily in advertising because high-quality advertising can sell almost any product or service."054 "Popular entertainment is overly influenced by commercial interests. Superficiality, obscenity, and violence characterize films and television today because those qualities are commercially successful."085 "Advertising is the most influential and therefore the most important artisticachievement ofthe twentieth century.086 "Whether promoting a product, an event, or a person, an advertising campaign is most effective when it appeals to emotion rather than to reason."107 "People are overwhelmed by the increasing amount of information available on the computer. Therefore, the immediate goal of the information technology industry should be to help people leam how to obtain the information they need efficiently and wisely.134 "Although many people object to advertisements and solicitations that intrude into their lives through such means as the telephone, the Intemet, and television, companies and organizations must have the right to contact potential customers and donors whenever and however they wish."138 "Some people claim that the growth of mass media has stifled intellectual curiosity. Others, however, argue that the availability of so much information and entertainment has encouraged individuals to expand their intellect and creativity."145 "The increasing popularity of video games and the Intemet suggests that consumers now want a more interactive entertainment experience than books, movies, and television can provide. " 148 "Despite the violence and stereotypes present in many popular forms of entertainment created for children (such as books, movies, and video games),we should still allow children to experience this kind ofentertainment."149 "Portrayals of violence have proven commercially successful in television programs, movies, songs, and other forms of popular entertainment. Therefore，those who create popular entertainment should continue to incorporate violence into their products. "第四类：成功006 "There is only one definition of success-to be able to spend your life in your own way. 011 "When someone achieves greatness in any field-such as the arts, science, politics, or business-that person's achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults." 012 "Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life."029 "Too many people think only about getting results. The key to success, however, is to focus on the specific task at hand and not to worry about results." What do you think this piece of advice means, and do you think that it is, on the whole, worth following? Support your views with reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.039 "It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects ofa fulfilling personallife."049 "Ask most older people to identify the key to success, and they are likely to reply 'hard work.' Yet, I would tell people starting offin a career that work in itselfis not the key. In fact, you have to approach work cautiously-too much or too little can be self-defeating." 052 "Successful individuals typically set their next goal somewhat-but not too much-above their last achievement. In this way, they steadily raise their level ofaspiration."081 "No one can possibly achieve any real and lasting success or 'get rich' in business by conforming to conventional practices or ways ofthinking."094 "Ifparents want to prepare their children to succeed in life, teaching the children self-discipline is more important than teaching them self-esteem."102 "An advanced degree may help someone get a particular job. Once a person begins working, however, the advanced degree and the formal education it represents are rarely relevant to success on the job."第五类：教育023 "Schools should be responsible only for teaching academic skills and not for teaching ethical and social values."037 "Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modem society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities."062 "What education fails to teach us is to see the human community as one. Rather than focus on the unique differences that separate one nation from another, education should focus on the similarities among all people and places on Earth." What do you think of the view of education expressed above? Explain, using reasons and/or specific examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.098 "In order to accommodate the increasing number of undergraduate students, colleges and universities should offer most courses through distance leaming, such as videotaped instruction that can be accessed through the Intemet or cable television. Requiring students to appear at a designated time and place is nolonger an effective or efficient way ofteaching most undergraduate courses."099 "If a nation is to ensure its own economic success, it must maintain a highly competitive educational system in which students compete among themselves and against students from other countries."122 "Schools should not teach specialized information and techniques, which might soon become outdated. Instead, schools should encourage a more general approach to leaming."125 "Formal education should not come to an end when people graduate from college. Instead, people should frequently enroll in courses throughout their lives."135 "In business courses, professors should teach only factualinformation and skills, not ethics."139 "Some experts maintain that students leam best in a highly structured environment, one that emphasizes discipline, punctuality, and routine. Others insist that educators, if they are to help students maximize their potential, ought to maintain an atmosphere ofrelative freedom and spontaneity."Explain your position on the issue of structure versus freedom in an ideal leaming environment. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience,observations, or reading.第六类：科技020 "In this age of automation, many people complain that humans are becoming subservient to machines. But, in fact, machines are continually improving our lives."087 "As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to govemment or to business."111 "Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality oflife in most societies has never been better than at the present time."114 "Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together."第七类：历史043 "The most important reason for studying history is not that knowledge of history can make us better people or a better society but that it can provide clues to solving the societal problems that we face today."089 "The study of history is largely a waste of time because it prevents us from focusing on the challenges ofthe present."第八类：建议、忠告007 "The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it."055 "Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do, and they will surprise you with their ingenuity."073 "People often give the following advice: "Be yourself Follow your instincts and behave in a way that feels natural."Do you think that, in general, this is good advice? Why or why not? Develop your point of view by giving reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第九类：社会问题059 "Juvenile crime is a senous social problem, and businesses must become more involved in helping to prevent it."101 "The automobile has caused more problems than it has solved. Most societies would probably be much better off ifthe automobile had never been invented."126 "Laws pertaining to relatively minor crimes must be vigorously enforced if a society hopes to stop more serious crimes."140 "The primary responsibility of citizens is to obey their nation's civil and criminal laws. "142 "Lying should be avoided primarily because it harms people's ability to live together in society. "第十类：社会、国家096 "In order to understand a society, we must examine the contents ofits museums and the subjects ofits memorials. What a society chooses to preserve, display, and commemorate is the truest indicator ofwhat the society values."104 "The value of any nation should be measured more by its scientific and artistic achievements than by its business successes.130 "We can leam more about a society by observing how its people spend their leisure time thanby observing them at work."第十一类：政府、政府组织022 "Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to produce anything of value, govemment must place no restrictions on the art that is produced."046 "Businesses are as likely as are govemments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a govemment."061 "Even at its best, a govemment is a tremendous burden to business, though anecessary one."063 "As govemment bureaucracy increases, citizens become more and more separated from their govemment."113 "It is essential that the nations ofthe world increase spending on the building of space stations and on the exploration of other planets, even if that means spending less on other govemment programs.116 "A govemment should provide funding for the arts, but only for those artistic works that reflect the values and attitudes ofthe majority of the population."131 "Govemments should not be responsible for regulating businesses and other organizations. Instead, society would benefit if the organizations themselves assumed most of the responsibility for establishing and enforcing their own standards and regulations."147 "Because it is in the best interests of a society to promote integrity and moral behavior, govemments should censor television and radio programs for offensive language and behavior. 第十二类：人权、人性004 "Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most."*manifestations: apparent signs orindicators040 "With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and intemational cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country."057 "Everywhere, it seems, there are clear and positive signs that people are becoming more respectful ofone another's differences.065 "The rise of multinational corporations is leading to global homogeneity.* Because people everywhere are beginning to want the same products and services, regional differences are rapidly disappearing."* homogeneity: sameness, similarity074 "The people we remember best are the ones who broke the rules."075 "There are essentially two forces that motivate people: self-interest and fear."077 "Although 'genius' is difficult to define, one of the qualities of genius is the ability to transcend traditional modes ofthought and create new ones." Explain what you think the above statement means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disa&ee with this definition of genius. In your discussion, be sure to include at least one example of someone who, in your opinion, exemplifies genius or a particular characteristic ofgenius.080 "As individuals, people save too little and borrow too much." From your perspective, how accurate is the view expressed above? In your discussion, be sure to consider the conditions under which it is appropriate to save money and the conditions under which it is appropriate to borrow.Develop your position using reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.082 "Business and govemment must do more, much more, to meet the needs and goals ofwomen in the workplace."088 "Each generation must accept blame of some ofits members but also for against those words and actions." not only for the hateful words and actions the failure of other members to speak out against those words and actions.”097 "In business, more than in any other social arena, men and women have leamed how to share power effectively."103 "Most people today place too much emphasis on satisfying their immediate desires. The overall quality oflife would be greatly improved if we all focused instead on meeting our long-term needs." 112 "In most fields-including education, politics, and business-the prevailing philosophy never stays in place very long. This pattem of constantly shifiing from one theoretical position to another is an inevitable reflection of human nature: people soon tire ofthe status quo."118 "People's loyalty to political parties and political leaders significantly hinders their ability to form their own opinions about an issue."121 "Whether people accept or reject an idea depends more on the way it is presented to them than on the merits ofthe idea itself "第十三类：工作与生活009 "Employees should keep their private lives and personal actiyities as separate as possible from the workplace."030 "Companies benefit when they discourage employees from working extra hours or taking work home. When employees spend their leisure time without'producing' something for the job, they will be more focused and effective when they retum to work."067 "Work greatly influences people's personal lives-their special interests, their leisure activities, even their appearance away from the workplace."第十四类：商业产品010 "In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product."066 "Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring that their products are safe. If a product injures someone, for whatever reason, the manufacturer should be held legally and financially accountable for the injury."070 "So long as no laws are broken, there is nothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promote existing products or to create new products."084 "A business should not be held responsible for providing customers with complete information about its products or services; customers should have the responsibility of gathering information about the products or services they may want to buy.”090 "People ofien complain that products are not made to last. They feel that making products that wear out fairly quickly wastes both natural and human resources.What they fail to see, however, is that such manufacturing practices keep costs down for the consumer and stimulate demand."Which do you find more compelling: the complaint about products that do not last or the response to it? Explain your position using relevant reasons and/or examples drawn from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十五类：商业发展056 "The secret ofbusiness is to know something that nobody else knows."058 "What is the final objective of business? It is to make the obtaining of a living- the obtaining of food, clothing, shelter, and a minimum of luxunes-so mechanical and so little time-consuming that people shall have time for other things." - A business leader, circa 1930 071 "Commercialism has become too widespread. It has even crept into schools and places ofworship. Every nation should place limits on what kinds of products, if any, can be sold at certain events or places.'100 "In order to force companies to improve policies and practices considered unethical or harmful, society should rely primarily on consumer action-such as refusal to buy product-rather than legislative action."第十六类：商业管理003 "Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise.A 'flat' organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees."005 "All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done."014 "Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless." 018 "If the primary duty and concem of a corporation is to make money, then conflict is inevitable when the corporation must also acknowledge a duty to serve society."019 "Some employers who recruit recent college graduates for entry-level jobs evaluate applicants only on their performance in business courses such as accounting, marketing, and economics. However, other employers also expect applicants to have a broad backgiound in such courses as history, literature, and philosophy."021 "Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels ofproductivity."024 "A powerful business leader has far more opportunity to influence the course of a community or a nation than does any government official."025 "The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to find the most capable people and give them as much authority as possible."026 "Location has traditionally been one of the most important determinants of a business's success. The importance oflocation is not likely to change, no matter how advanced the development ofcomputer communications and others kinds of technology becomes."027 "A company's long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company's employees."033 "People are likely to accept as a leader only someone who has demonstrated an ability to perform the same tasks that he or she expects others to perform.'035 "Business relations are infected through and through with the disease of short- sighted motives. We are so concemed with immediate results and short-term goals that we fail to look beyond them." Assuming that the term "business relations" can refer to the decisions and actions of any organization-for instance, a small family business, a community association, or a largeintemational corporation-explain the extent to which you think that this criticism is valid. In your discussion of the issue, use reasons and/or examples from your own experience, your observation of others, or your reading.036 "Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most commitment and energy, who gets things done."045 "The most effective way for a business person to maximize profits over a long period oftime is to follow the highest standards of ethics."048 "In matching job candidates with job openings, managers must consider not only such variables as previous work experience and educational background but also personality traits and work habits, which are more difficult to judge." What do you consider essential in an employee or colleague? Explain, using reasons and/or examples from your work or work-like experiences, or from your observations of others.050 "How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance ofa subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what altemative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?"051 "The presence of a competitor is always beneficial to a company. Competition forces a company to change itselfin ways that improve its practices."060 "Employers should have no right to obtain information about their employees' health or other aspects of their personal lives without the employees' permission."064 "The goal ofbusiness should not be to make as big a profit as possible. Instead, business should also concem itselfwith the well-being ofthe public."068 "Since the physical work environment affects employee productivity and morale, the employees themselves should have the right to decide how their workplace is designed."069 "The most important quality in an employee is not specific knowledge or technical competence. Instead, it is the ability to work well with other employees."072 "Companies should not try to improve employees' performance by giving incentives-for example, awards or gifis. These incentives encourage negative kinds of behavior instead of encouraging a genuine interest in doing the work well."076 "For a leader there is nothing more difficult, and therefore more important, than to be able to make decisions."092 "Employees should show loyalty to their company by fully supporting the company's managers and policies, even when the employees believe that the managers and policies are misguided." 093 "To be successful, companies should trust their workers and give them as much freedom as possible. Any company that tries to control employees' behavior through a strict system of rewards and punishments will soon find that such controls have a negative effect on employee morale and, consequently, on the company's success."095 "Companies are never justified in employing young children, even if the child's family would benefit from the income.106 "The most effective way for managers to assign work is to divide complex tasks into their simpler component parts. This way, each worker completes a small portion ofthe task but contributes to the whole."108 "Employees should not have full access to their own personnel files. If, for example,employees were allowed to see certain confidential materials, the people supplying that information would not be likely to express their opinions candidly."109 "All personnel evaluations at a company should be multidirectional-that is, people at every level of the organization should review not only those working ‘under' them but also those working 'over' them."110 "The most effective business leaders are those who maintain the highest ethical standards." 115 "All employees should help decide how the profits oftheir company or businessshould be used."117 "The well-being of a society depends more on the success of small businessesthan on the success ofa few large, high-profile corporations."119 "It makes no sense for people with strong technological skills to go to college if they know that they can eam a good salary without a college degree."120 "Companies should not allow the trend toward informality in dress and conduct at the workplace to continue; formalityin dress and behavior helps create a more disciplined and productive work environment."123 "The current trend of moving frequently from company to company has negative consequences: it causes instability in the workplace and, as a result, instability in society. Therefore, companies should require employees to make a mitment to the organization."124 "The most effective leaders are those who can solve complex problems by finding simple, immediate solutions."127 "In general, a company's most valuable employees are those who are concerned more with efiiciency than with quality."128 "Instead of relying on the advice of outside experts, organizations should place greater value on the advice that can come only from their own highly experienced employees."129 "When judging the qualifications of potential employees, business employers should rely solely on objective information, such as a candidate's resume and education. Personal interviews are much too subjective and are therefore not a valid basis on which to judge a person's qualifications for a job."132 "In any business or other organization, it is better to have managers with strong leadership skills than managers with expertise and work experience m a particular field."133 "Employees should not be asked to provide formal evaluations of their supervisor because they have little basis for judging or even understanding their supervisor's performance." 136 "In some companies, employees are allowed to express their feelings and opinions about the company by sending electronic messages to everyone in the company. In other companies, this type ofcommunication is strictly prohibited." What restrictions, if any, do you think companies should place on employees' electronic communications? Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.第十七类：其他（货币制度、公共服务等）008 "For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange ofmetal coins and printed pieces ofpaper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits."017 "Some people believe that the best approach to effective time management is to make detailed daily and long-term plans and then to adhere to them. However, this highly structured approach。
GMAT缩写解释
2-3 Split:GMAT:语法的一种排除法的做题方法，排除3个从另外两个中2选1正确答案885:987的前身，参见本文的“987”词条987:即gemj大侠所做的语法大全，一共987道考题，简称987AA：Analysis of Argument；中文翻译：问题分析AWA中的2种文章类型之一，另一种为AIAI：Analysis of Issue；中文翻译：论点论证。
AWA中的2种文章类型之一，另一种为AA AT：Admission Test的缩写，事实上AT等同于GMATAWA：Analyrical Writing Assessment；中文翻译：分析写作。
为GMAT考试中的作文部分，分为两篇各30分钟完成，一为Argument驳论，一为Issue立论BF：BoldFace；中文翻译：黑脸题。
是CR题型出题方式中的一种BY：白勇编的语法精讲的缩写CAT：Computer Adopted Testing；中文翻译：计算机自适应考试。
是通常所说的“机考”，相对于“笔考”而言，是现在GMAT考试的考试方式。
CD:www. .com；国内较著名的英语考试学习网站CET：College English Test；中文翻译：大学英语等级考试。
由“大学英语四、六级标准化考试设计组”主持的大学英语标准化考试，大陆的大学生均应参加。
分为CET4和CET6两种等级。
CR：critical reasoning；中文翻译：逻辑。
同样，也是GMAT语文部分里面的一种题型。
DS：data sufficiency；中文翻译：数据充分性。
GMAT考试数学部分的一种题型ETS：Educational Testing Service；中文翻译：美国教育测验服务社的缩写。
是TOEFL\GMAT\GRE考试的出题机构（06年起，GMAT考试将变更出题机构，不再由ETS出题。
FF：MATH或CR区的FF宝典多指XDF的费允杰老师，所总结的数学或者逻辑难题集。
GMATIssue 8──科技类
Issue 8──科技类“For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above.Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience,observations, or reading.“几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。
但是，因为最近技术的发展，国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。
”1.Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.2.Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.3.It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible systementirely. We can let they two coexist.Optional words:Thesis sentence: while electronic currencies enjoy their own merits, it still can not replace the entire system of tangible currencies.View1: convenient, efficient and easy to carry are the exclusive advantages of electronic currencies.Evidence:View2:tangible currencies such as coin and paper has its own merits and special functions that could not be replaced by electronic currencies.Evidence: merits: more reliable, more efficient in small sum transaction, more systematically safe; function: collectionThe prospect of converting the world’s monetary system of metal coins and printed paper into a computerized system of credits and debits is intriguing. Opponents of the i dea regard a digital economy as a dangerous step toward a totalitarian society in which an elite class dominates an information-starved lower class. My view, however, is that conversion to a digital economy has far-reaching economic and social virtues that outweigh the potential risk of misuse by a political elite.economy as the next logical step toward a global system of free trade and competition. Herein lies the main virtue of a digitalde would enjoy a broader range of goods at more competitive prices.In addition, a digital economy would afford customers added convenience, while at the same time saving money for businesses. be simple, fast, and secure. There would be no need to carry cash and no need for cashiers to collect it. A goodpay and go” gasoline pump used at many service stations today. Using these pumps saves time for the customer and saves money for the business.A third benefit of such a system is its potential to eliminate illegal monetary transactions. Traffickers of illegal arms and drugs, dealers all rely on tangible currency to conduct their activities. By eliminating hard currency, illegal transactions such as these woul d be much easier to track and record. As a result, illegal monetary transactions could be virtually eliminated. A related benefit would be the ability to thwart taxevasion by collecting tax revenues on transactions that otherwise would not be recorded.To sum up, I think it would be a good idea to convert current monetary systems into a system of electronic accounts. The economic benefits, convenience and savings afforded by such a system, along with the potential to reduce crime, far outweigh the remote loss of a significant social or political shift toward totalitarianism.A. It is unfeasible because of the unbalanced development of the technology in specific nations and around the world. It is true that in many developed countries particularly in those metropolitan cities, modern banking systems and the Internet make electronic transaction possible and benefit both individuals and business. However, still in many rural areas, people cannot have access to the modern banking systems neither the Internet. In addition, this kind of modern facilities are still rare in many developing nations around the world such as in Asia, and Africa. Replacing the entire monetary system worldwide will definitely cause chaos.B. It is unfeasible also because a large number of people are not ready for this change. For one thing, no matter in developed or developing countries, many people are used to the current monetary, which has been used for a long time; therefore, they feel reluctant to the switch to the new one. For another, the new system required users to have certain knowledge and skills particularly for those who use the Internet to do electronic transitions. However, it is not an easy job to ask the elderly to learn new technology, neither to ask those who live in those poor countries because they even do not have the modern facilities to learn.C. the new system make the transition much easier and save people a lot of time.。
GMATIssue 12──教育与成功(成功)
Issue 12──教育与成功“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”In your opinion, how accurate is the view expressed above? Explain, using reasons and examples based on your own experience, observations, or reading.“教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。
就像财富和金钱一度是成功的关键一样，教育现在已经成为确保成功的最重要因素。
”在你的观念里，上述观点有多正确？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因andor 例子来解释你的观点。
1，教育是提高一个素质的最好途径。
机遇只偏爱有准备的头脑，教育使人有能力抓住转瞬即释的机会2，成功的定义应该是全力投入于自己所喜爱的事业对社会有所贡献从而得到物质和精神上的满足。
教育是最主要的为一个个体提供掌握一种技能熟悉一门学科知识的provider，从而才可以有所贡献而得到满足。
On one hand,there is nothing that can be better than education in providing us with all kinds of knowledge and skills for solving different problems in our respective domains. How can we achieve success without those expertise and techniques? Some one may argue that experience and common sense are enough for this kind of concern. However, in my opinion, nothing can really substitute education, while it may be true that the above-mentioned elements are also important in gaining the knowledge to achieve success.What is more, education can make a person improve morally and purify his or her spirit. In my point of view morality is a lso an important element for one’s success, although it is always neglected or overlooked. Dictators, for instance, they are likely to be very intelligent and hard-working people, but they are inferior in ethic. It is obvious that those people can not be considered successful. The best way to make a person moral and respectable is education. It teaches people to tell good from bad; it helps people to distinguish justice from evil.privilege n&vt property determine access obtain excellent opportunity candidate1，Education may be always play an indispensable role in getting successful in life. 因为，教育不仅教授specialized and professional knowledge for future occupation, but also many essential principles and skills in the life, such as insight, v irtue and analysis.这些在高速发展的当今社会尤其重要。
GMAT考试2024量化历年题目全集
GMAT考试2024量化历年题目全集GMAT（全称为Graduate Management Admission Test，研究生管理入学考试）是广泛被全球各个商学院所接受的标准化测试。
在GMAT 考试中，量化部分是考生们最为重视的一部分，因为它涉及数学和逻辑思维。
为了帮助考生更好地备考2024年的GMAT考试，下面整理了GMAT考试2024量化历年题目全集，供广大考生参考和练习。
第一部分：Problem Solving（问题求解）1. Question 1：某公司销售了1000部手机，其中60%是智能手机，剩余部分是非智能手机。
如果每部智能手机的售价为500美元，每部非智能手机的售价为300美元，那么该公司总销售额是多少？2. Question 2：某公司A与公司B共同投资一项工程，总投资额为100,000美元，其中公司A投资了40%的金额，公司B投资了剩余部分的金额。
如若公司B的投资金额是公司A的2倍，则公司A的投资金额是多少？3. Question 3：某超市在一次促销活动中，将某种商品的售价降低了40%。
如果在此次活动中售出了2000个单位的该商品，并实际获利30,000美元，那么该商品的原售价是多少？第二部分：Data Sufficiency（数据充分性）1. Statement 1：某商店的所有商品按照原价的三分之一进行折扣销售，且销售额为30,000美元。
该商店的原始总库存价值是多少？2. Statement 2：某种商品的运费为每件20美元，且每件商品的售价为100美元。
该商店总共卖出了400件该商品。
该商店在售出这400件商品后是否还能盈利？第三部分：Word Problems（数学应用问题）1. Problem 1：某公司每年提供员工培训。
根据统计数据，36%的员工选择参加培训，而剩余部分的员工不参加培训。
如果该公司共有800名员工，参加培训的员工人数是多少？2. Problem 2：某咖啡店销售三种咖啡豆：A、B、C。
免费GMAT全部题目的中文翻译(ISSUE和ARGUMENT)
1-15页issue，16开始argumentI．Analysis of Issue Questions1. 有些国家里，电视和广播节目被仔细审查着不让出现带攻击性的语言和行为。
在另一些国家里，基本上没有审查制度。
在你的观点里，政府或其他任何团体应该在何种程度上审查电视或广播节目？解释，给出相关的原因and/ or例子来支持你的观点。
2. “指望单个国家独立地作出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。
如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
3. “有限公司和其他商业机构应该尽力消除根据员工经验和技术划分员工的许多职称和工资等级。
一个扁平的组织结构更可能鼓励员工间的共同掌权和共同合作。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
4. “权力的所有表现之中，对使用权力的克制是最令人影响深刻的。
”阐述你认为这段引语是什么意思，讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
使用来自历史，时事或你自身经验，观察，阅读的原因and/or特定的例子来展开你的立场。
5. “所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定，分享责任和义务的团队来运作。
给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的工作或学习经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因an d/or例子来支持你的观点。
6. “成功的定义只有一种：可以按你自己的方式过你的人生。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
7. “最好的给别人提建议的方法是发现他们想要的东西然后告诉他们如何去得到。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
gmat考试issue范文提纲(十四).doc
GM AT考试Issue范文提纲(十四)"Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."观点：不同意上面讲的，虽然有冲突，但是大部分是相容的，人们可以在追求现代化的同时仍然保留传统。
承认传统和现代化之间有时会有冲突。
(比如人多,政府不得不开垦荒地,或拆除古建筑来建住宅，医院等等。
人们生活节奏变快，受外界事物影响，对传统的东西不重视。
老年人和青年人之间会有代沟)但是这次问题都不是不可调和的，都是可以解决的。
我们不能因为有冲突,就二选一,不管是传统还是现代化对人都很重要。
(传统文化精神会让我们不至于迷失自我(Dignity and self-reliance)传统文化习俗(custom)让我们知道我们先人(ancestor)的生活.而现代化也是必要的,这是一种趋势,比如mill不现代化，还采用老的手工的方法(grind the grain),就无法在市场上生存。
如果人们不接受新的观念，无法与别人交流) 人们完全可以把传统和现代的东西融合在一起，创造更大的价值。
(这在艺术创造上面最明显。
(In the 1970s, architects began to be dissatisfied with the stark simplicity of most modern architectures and began to in elude in their desig ns traditi onal elements such as columns, arches, and keystones, and also startling color contrasts such as might have come from advertising and pop culture. Similar developments took place in literature.)而且现在人们也逐渐意识到过去被遗弃的传统,都进行一些保护传统的项目。
【小站教育】GRE考试Issue全部题目的翻译
Issue全部题目的翻译Issue Topics说明：1.我的分类是对在网上流行的分类题库做了一些小修改。
1)尽可能把相近的题目放在一起，所以题号不一样按顺序排列。
2)另外，我删除多次重复的题号。
3)国际类（International）的两道题，我做了移动。
NO.11 大学题，移至Education --> Education & SocietyNO.13 语言题，移至Politics --> Others2.标黑体的题目是孙远推荐的练习题。
3.高频题根据寄托天下最新机经（2006.3.2）整理，包括2005年及2006年3月的题目：2005年频率在20次以上（含20次）或2006年1月至3月频率在3次以上（含3次）。
频率标注分为两部分，前一部分指2005年2月－9月的频率，后一部分表示2006年1－3月的频率。
非高频的孙远题后面也列出频率统计。
4.欢迎指正。
Redhobor 2006/3/5No.1 StudyStudy Methods (2)28 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little."学生们只有在学习了有助于理解事实的思想、趋势和概念后才可能记住这些事实。
孤立学习事实是学不到东西的。
42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires collaboration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if they work frequently in groups."学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
GMAT练习题含解释
Unlike frogs that metamorphose from tadpoles into adults within a one-yearperiod, it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.∙A it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are 分析A选项∙B it takes the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada three to four years until it reaches adulthood, and therefore it is 分析B选项∙C in the Sierra Nevada, mountain yellow-legged tree frogs take three to four years to reach adulthood, thus being 分析C选项∙D mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years until they reach adulthood, thus 分析D选项∙E mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood, and so they are 分析E选项(A)不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式, 应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frog放在句首;不符合比较双方的数量对等原则,frogs和mountain yellow-legged frog数量上不对等; they指代frogs,不能指代mountain yellow-legged frog,导致逻辑意思错误(B)错误同A, takes sb until…不符合习惯用法(C)不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式,应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frogs放在句首;being多余,可以直接用过去分词做伴随状语,但即使伴随状语形式正确,但是用在这里逻辑意思错误,这两个动作并不时同时发生,而是两个动作存在因为关系,前一个动作导致了后一个动作,应该用因果关系的并列句来表达该逻辑关系(D) take …until 比较不同选项！不同之处！∙A for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve 分析A选项∙B for attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can in fact serve 分析B选项∙C in attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving 分析C选项∙D to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve 分析D选项∙E to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving 分析E选项代词it 注意指代什么Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved thestandard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.∙A while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having 分析A选项∙B while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have 分析B选项∙C while they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time, which have 分析C选项∙D but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have 分析D选项∙E but at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having 分析E选项C：代词they!看未划线部分！they前后指代对象需一致∙A per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as 分析A选项∙B annual per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs to about 60, more than twice as great as that 分析B选项∙C California's annual per capita consumption of cigarettes declined from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop 分析C选项∙D California has seen per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs annually to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as that 分析D选项∙E California has seen annual per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as that 分析E选项考点: 逻辑表达(Logical Predication) 比较(Comparision)1) 逻辑主语2) 比较双方要对等(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes 作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; adrop more than twice as great as in the nation比较双方不对等,应该改为that in the nation, that代替a drop, 构成对等的比较(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes 作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than twice as great as that不符合同位语构成方式,应该补上a drop对前面的现象进行概括(C) California's annual per capita consumption作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than结构不符合同位语构成(D) 正确, California作为initiating的逻辑主语,符合逻辑; a drop…结构符合同位语构成; that代替a drop使得比较双方对等(E) more than结构不符合同位语构成; per capita和per person重复; 改变了原意“人均吸烟量每年下降……”，而E是“年人均吸烟量下降……”细节句子结构: …after initiating…, California has seen…capita consumption…decline from.. to…, a drop…A decade after initiating 看未划线部分！逻辑主语initiate 开始、发起阅读：The passage suggests that if the movement of capital in the world were restricted, which of the following would be likely?∙A Advanced technology could move more quickly from developed countries to developing countries.∙B Developed countries could compete more effectively for jobs with developing countries.∙C A country's average wages could increase without significantly increasing the sophistication of its technology or the value of its currency.∙D A country's productivity could increase without significantly increasing the value of its currency.∙E Workers could obtain higher wages by increasing their productivity.However, in a developing country's economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the pasta few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued, that is nowmuch harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely.看清是过去（资本受限）还是现在（资本自由流通）的情况！A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the sameperiod.∙A that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing 分析A选项∙B that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in 分析B选项∙C that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing 分析C选项∙D creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in 分析D选项∙E creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing 分析E选项考点: 逻辑表达(Logical Predication) 简洁有效(Rhetorical Construction)1) 动词的现在分词作形容词,一般含有正在进行的意思2) which/it 都不能指代整个句子(A) sb. suffer from B,表示sb.遭受了B, B表示的是遭受的结果,因此使用dwindling不好,现在分词一般表示过程, 应该使用名词或过去分词表示结果; 同样increasing也不好, result from后面接事实,表示原因, 应该用increased或者an increase来代替increasing(B) 正确。
gmat题库考题及翻译
GMAT题库考题及翻译---Argument篇为了方便考生复习，本资料的题目按照网上广为流传的方式编号：即按照Official Guide（第十版）的顺序编排，删去的题目（54，56,69,71,90,98,99,103）保持原来的序号。
虽然在2006年10月公布的题库中，删除了所有2005年新增的题目，但是仔细分析就会发现这部分题目有相当一部分与最新题库中的某些题比较相似；另一方面，某些考题在考试中仍会出现，所以本资料保留了这部分题目，供考生参考。
目前的题库（共179道）由三部分组成：1）OG上面的题库，编号1-139，删去了八道（54，56,69,71,90,98,99,103），共131道题；2）2005年增加34道题，编号140-1733）2006年增加14题，编号174-1871.The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.下文摘自一家奥林匹克食品公司（一家冷冻食品公司）递交给股东的年度报告。
“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1790 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in theargument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.随着时间的推移，企业学会了更好的工作方法，从而提高了效率，因此加工成本逐步下降。
GMAT IR 50题 中文详解版
法二 CC2110-70=80节省了的钱 720-620=100多出的钱--------100+80=-20还是要多出20(N) FFNA:2140-70=140节省了的钱 325-275=50 多出的钱--------50+140=90少出了90---(Y) HMHPH 2104-79=50节省了的钱 600-575=25多出的钱-------25+50=25少出25----(Y)
3
需要OG13 PDF的版本可以联系QQ:1014347461
Questions 5
就是问客房出售与下面哪个职业有关。 speaker 与conference开不开请不请有关与房间无关salaries是固定的所以与出售房间数 无关。毫无疑问housekeeping 的gratuities 小费当然与客房有关
9
需要OG13 PDF的版本可以联系QQ:1014347461 11A-the degree to which online sports reporting generates interest in sports.
尽管organization的人说“free,engaging sports reporting generates interest in sports"(line14-15)
酒店受到改变房型补偿费用 Asiawest CenterBlock 190*25%~40多----大于-----改变房型损失 15 Bard Inn: Block 125 *25%~30多----大于-----改变房型损失0 Hilton:Block 105*25% ~20多---小于-----改变房型损失35 只有Hilton 没有填补损失的钱导致了收入减少-----yes其他两个反而增 加收入---no
第二阶段：GMAT IR 50题 (中文详解版)
Questions 1to 6 are based on the following informationQuestions 1法一丗lowest rate+registration Block+non registrationCC: 2*70+720= 860 大于 2*110+620=840 --------NFFNA: 2*70+325=465 小于 2*140+275=555 --------YHMHPH: 2*79+600=758 小于 2*104+575=783 --------Y法二丗CC†F2†i110-70†j=80节省了的钱 720-620=100多出的钱-------†i-100†j+80=-20还是要多出20(N)FFNA:2†i140-70†j=140节省了的钱 325-275=50 多出的钱-------†i-50†j+140=90少出了90---(Y)HMHPH†F 2†i104-79†j=50节省了的钱 600-575=25多出的钱------†i-25†j+50=25少出25----(Y)Questions 3Questions 4选择Lowest rate那么cost save per night: X-Y 两天就save :2(X-Y)根据题目第二段说丆registration discount rate at least half of cost-savestrategy, 那么registration discount rate=2(X-Y)/2=X-Y即是C法一丗最lowest rate+registration Block+ non registrationCC: 2*65+720= 850 大于 2*110+620=840 --------N FFNA: 2*65+325=455 小于 2*140+275=555 --------YPPOA: 2*65+550=680 大于 2*105+400=610 --------N法二丗CC†F2†i110-65†j=90节省了的钱 720-620=100多出的钱------†i-100†j+90=-10还是要多出10(N) FFNA:2†i140-65†j=150节省了的钱 325-275=50 多出的钱-------†i-50†j+150=100少出了100(Y) PPOA 2†i105-65†j=70节省了的钱 550-400=150多出的钱------†i-150†j+70=-80还是要多出80(N)就是问客房出售与下面哪个职业有关。
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1-15页issue，16开始argumentI．Analysis of Issue Questions1. 有些国家里，电视和广播节目被仔细审查着不让出现带攻击性的语言和行为。
在另一些国家里，基本上没有审查制度。
在你的观点里，政府或其他任何团体应该在何种程度上审查电视或广播节目？解释，给出相关的原因and/ or例子来支持你的观点。
2. “指望单个国家独立地作出必要的牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。
如果我们希望为下一代保护世界的能源资源，国际领导力量和全球性的公司是基本的。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
3. “有限公司和其他商业机构应该尽力消除根据员工经验和技术划分员工的许多职称和工资等级。
一个扁平的组织结构更可能鼓励员工间的共同掌权和共同合作。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
4. “权力的所有表现之中，对使用权力的克制是最令人影响深刻的。
”阐述你认为这段引语是什么意思，讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
使用来自历史，时事或你自身经验，观察，阅读的原因and/or特定的例子来展开你的立场。
5. “所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定，分享责任和义务的团队来运作。
给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的工作或学习经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因an d/or例子来支持你的观点。
6. “成功的定义只有一种：可以按你自己的方式过你的人生。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
7. “最好的给别人提建议的方法是发现他们想要的东西然后告诉他们如何去得到。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
8. “几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。
但是，因为最近技术的发展，国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
9. “雇员应该保持他们的私人生活和个人行为尽量远离工作场所。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
10. “在任何企业里，制作或实现某件东西的过程比最终的产品重要多了。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
11. “当某些人在任何领域获得成功时，无论该领域时艺术科学政治还是商业，此人的成就比他或她的任何个人错误重要的多。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
12. “教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。
就像财富和金钱一度是成功的关键一样，经验现在已经成为确保成功的最重要因素。
”在你的观念里，上述观点有多正确？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来解释你的观点。
13. “保护自然环境的责任完全属于每个个人，而非政府。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
14. “组织应该建立在明确的分层之上，在其中人们位于从顶到底的每一层上，被赋予完成一部分工作的责任。
如何其它的组织结构都违反人类天性，并将被证明是无成效的。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
15. “国家间应该合作发展规范以限制儿童接触英特网上的成人内容。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
16. “公众建筑反映了建造它的社会的许多态度和价值。
例如，今天的新学校，法院，机场，图书馆反应了今天的社会的态度和价值。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
17. “一些人相信有效利用时间的最好方法是制定详细的每日和长期计划并遵守它们。
但是，高度组织的工作方式是反生产的。
时间管理必须灵活才能使员工可以应对意想不到的问题的出现。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
18. “如果一家公司最基本的责任和着眼点是挣钱，那么当这家公司也必须承担服务社会的责任时，矛盾是不可避免的。
”从你的角度看，上述观点有多正确？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
19. 一些雇主征召大学毕业生进口（entry-level）工作时只通过应聘者在商务课程，比如会计，市场和经济方面的表现来评价他们。
但是，另一些雇主也希望应聘者在诸如历史，文学和哲学之类的课程上有广阔的背景。
你认为在应聘过程中雇主应该强调一种背景（无论是专业商务课程或者更广泛的学术基础）超过另一种吗？为什么是或者为什么不是？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来展开你的观点。
20. “自动化的时代里，许多人抱怨人类变得屈从于机器了。
但是，事实上，机器正不断改善我们的生活。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
21. “工作保险和工资应该建立在雇员绩效的基础上而非工作年限上。
主要根据工作年限奖励员工不利于人们保持高水平的生产力。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
22. “很明显，政府对支持艺术富有责任。
但是，如果需要这个支持产生任何价值，政府必须对产生的艺术不加限制。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
23. “学校只应该负责教学术技能而不负责教道德价值和社会价值。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
24. “一个有力的企业领导比一个政府官员有更多的机会影响一个社团或国家的方针。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
25. “管理生意或者任何企业的最好方法就是找到最有能力的人并给他们尽可能多的权力。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
26. “从传统上讲地址是一家企业成功的最重要决定因素。
不论计算机通讯和其他技术发展的如果先进，地址的重要性将不会改变。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
27. “一家公司的长期成功主要依赖公司员工的工作满意度和工作安全度。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
28. “因为企业使用高质量的广告出售低质量的产品，学校应该给学生额外的培训教他们如何在交易前作出见多识广的决定（？）。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
29. “太多的人只想到得到结果。
成功的关键是注意手边的特定事情而不担心结果。
”你怎么看这句建议的意思，总的来说，你认为它值得遵守吗？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
30. “公司在他们不鼓励员工工作太多的时间或者把工作带回家时就盈利。
当员工不把他们的休息时间用在工作上时，他们回来工作时就会更专注更有效率。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
31. “经济收入应该是找工作时最重要的因素。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
32. “你可以从一个国家的广告辨别出它的思想。
”阐述你认为这段引语是什么意思，讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
使用来自历史，时事或你自身经验，观察，阅读的原因and/or特定的例子来展开你的立场。
33. “人们只愿意接受这样的领导：他能完成他要求其他人完成的任务。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
34. “所有的市民都应该被要求完成一定量的公共服务。
这样的服务将不但从整体上给国家带来好处，也能给个人的参与者带来好处。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
35. “商业关系被短视动机的疾病一再地影响。
我们对即刻的结果和短期目标如此关注，使我们不能看到比他们更远的东西。
”假设“商业关系”这个词可以指任何组织的决定和行动，比如一个小家族企业，一个社团协会或者一个大的跨国公司。
阐释你认为在何种范围内这个批评是有效的。
在你对这个题目的讨论中，使用从你自身的经验，观察和阅读得到相关的原因and/or例子。
36. “企业和其他组织过分强调了团队工作的重要性。
很明显，在任何人类团体里，都是最强的个人，那个具有最多义务和能量的人，把事情完成的。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
37. “由于对现代社会来说，科学和技术正在变得越来越基本，学校应该投入更多的时间教授科学技术而减少艺术和人文的教育。
”讨论你在何种程度上赞成或不赞成上述观点。
从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来支持你的观点。
38. “礼貌正在从每日的交流中迅速消失。
作为结果，我们都缺乏它。
”从你的角度看，这是个正确的观点吗？为什么是或为什么不是？从你自身的经验，观察和阅读给出相关的原因and/or例子来解释你的观点。
39. “人们要在不牺牲实现个人生活的重要方面的情况下达到专业成功是很难的。