2013年3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾

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【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾-推荐下载

【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心宋媛婧考试日期：2013年8月24日methods developed for organic agriculture have been borrowed by more conventional agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest Management is a multifaceted strategy that uses various organic methods of pest control whenever possible, but in conventional farming could include synthetic pesticides only as a last resort.Crop diversityCrop diversity is a distinctive characteristic of organic farming. Conventional farming focuses on mass production of one crop in one location, a practice called monoculture. The science of agroecology has revealed the benefits of polyculture (multiple crops in the same space), which is often employed in organic farming. Planting a variety of vegetable crops supports a wider range of beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and other factors that add up to overall farm health. Crop diversity helps environments thrive and protect species from going extinct.Soil managementOrganic farming relies heavily on the natural breakdown of organic matter, using techniques like green manure and composting, to replace nutrients taken from the soil by previous crops. This biological process, driven by microorganisms such as mycorrhiza, allows the natural production of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season, and has been referred to as feeding the soil to feed the plant. Organic farming uses a variety of methods to improve soil fertility, including crop rotation, cover cropping, reduced tillage, and application of compost. By reducing tillage, soil is not inverted and exposed to air; less carbon is lost to the atmosphere resulting in more soil organic carbon. This has an added benefit of carbon sequestration which can reduce green house gases and aid in reversing climate change.Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients and symbiotic relationships with fungi and other organisms to flourish, but getting enough nitrogen, and particularly synchronization so that plants get enough nitrogen at the right time (when plants need it most), is a challenge for organic farmers. Crop rotation and green manure ("cover crops") help to provide nitrogen through legumes (more precisely, the Fabaceae family) which fix nitrogen from the atmosphere through symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria. Intercropping, which is sometimes used for insect and disease control, can also increase soil nutrients, but the competition between the legume and the crop can be problematic and wider spacing between crop rows is required. Crop residues can be ploughed back into the soil, and different plants leave different amounts of nitrogen, potentially aiding synchronization. Organic farmers also use animal manure, certain processed fertilizers such as seed meal and various mineral powders such as rock phosphate and greensand, a naturally occurring form of potash which provides potassium. Together these methods help to control erosion. In some cases pHmay need to be amended. Natural pH amendments include lime and sulfur, but in the U.S. some compounds such as iron sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and soluble boron products are allowed in organic farming.Mixed farms with both livestock and crops can operate as ley farms, whereby the land gathers fertility through growing nitrogen-fixing forage grasses such as white clover or alfalfa and grows cash crops or cereals when fertility is established. Farms without livestock ("stockless") may find it more difficult to maintain soil fertility, and may rely more on external inputs such as imported manure as well as grain legumes and green manures, although grain legumes may fix limited nitrogen because they are harvested. Horticultural farms growing fruits and vegetables which operate in protected conditions are often even more reliant upon external inputs.Biological research on soil and soil organisms has proven beneficial to organic farming. Varieties of bacteria and fungi break down chemicals, plant matter and animal waste into productive soil nutrients. In turn, they produce benefits of healthier yields and more productive soil for future crops. Fields with less or no manure display significantly lower yields, due to decreased soil microbe community, providing a healthier, more arable soil system.题型难度分析人名观点Matching题属于简单题型，定位非常容易。

2013年雅思考题回忆汇总

●口语
主要Part 1话题：
music sleep family howntown entertainment internet boat
主要Part 2话题：
an important plant in your country
a polite person
a language not english do you learn in the future
2月16日
Section 3 =新题V Section 3（一级预测命中）
●阅读
2月14日考试阅读部分为两新题一旧题，2月16日考试阅读部分为两旧题一新题，题目版本为：
2月14日
↘Passage 1—反刍动物（旧题）
↘Passage 2—新题
↘Passage 3—新题
2月16日
↘Passage 1—新手和专家（旧题）
task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?
trainning session
products that not satisfied
a film about real people or event
a garden you visited
person who has important job
2013年1月19日

2013雅思考试阅读模拟题及答案一

2013雅思考试阅读模拟题及答案一2013雅思考试阅读模拟题及答案一From The Economist print editionHow shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology，set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that，if a certain product is seen to be popular，shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technolog y. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag，a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to superma rkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work，and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem，a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts，also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 1-6Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.2. In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.3. According to Mr. Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon，a new method can be applied to encourage_______________.4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high，other customers tend to follow them.6. Using the “swarm-moves” model，shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 7-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contraicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.Answer keys：1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that fillinga store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行：Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.)6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd，and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语“get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)9. 答案：YES。

【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾

英文原文阅读
The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, ortexting while driving, is limited. A simulation study at theMonash UniversityAccident Research Centre has provided strong evidence that both retrieving and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical driving tasks. Specifically, negative effects were seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes off the road, and (only for sending text messages) lateral position. Surprisingly, mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receiving text messages, and following distance showed no difference. A separate, yet unreleased simulation study at theUniversity of Utahfound asixfoldincrease in distraction-related accidents when texting.

【雅思】2013年4月6日雅思阅读考题回顾

雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王飞燕4. 根据划出的关键词去文中定位5. 对定位部分进行分析，选出答案选择题的做题步骤1. 阅读指令 (Instruction)这一步骤主要是针对多项选择而言的，单项选择题的指令几乎没有作用。

在多项选择题中，指令中会提示正确选项的数量，在誊写答题卡的时候，一定要注意多项选择题的题号，一个正确选项占用一个题号。

这一点对于初次接触雅思的考生来说要特别引起注意。

2. 阅读题干，划出定位词由于选择题考察细节的特点，故题干中的词往往能够提供定位3. 阅读选项，划出核心词在寻找正确答案之前，一定要事先通读选项，因为选项提供了对原文正确或者是错误的同义转换。

但是由于选项较长，不可能一次性全部记住，所以有必要把选项里的核心词划出来，这样可以减轻记忆负担，并且更加有针对性地做题。

4. 找到相关句子段落，摆脱干扰找到答案这是做题的最后一个步骤，也是最重要的步骤。

由于选择项的干扰性往往很强，所以对找到的相关句子或段落一定要进行仔细阅读，排除错误选项。

甄别干扰项这一步骤是考生解题的关键，很多考生往往对几个选项犹豫不决，经常跳进题目的陷阱。

一般说来，干扰项有如下几个类别：1) 数字陷阱选择题的特点便是选项进行深度的同义转换。

但是如果个别选项中出现了数字，往往意味着这个数字直接来源于文章，没有进行任何同义替换。

这种干扰选项对于根本读不懂原文的考生有着致命的诱惑力，因为只有数字是熟悉的，其它的单词都读不懂。

数字选项中，数字在文章中都有提及，但经常是通过移花接木的形式出现的，以干扰考生的注意力。

2) 相似陷阱同理，如果题目中出现的个别单词与原文中的用词一模一样，尤其是一些经常被同义替换掉的动词、形容词等，这个选项往往就是干扰选项。

3) 偷换概念陷阱有时候选项中虽然与文中有对应的词，但选项中偷换了关键性的成分（如谓语部分），使得答案错误。

4) 搭配不当陷阱这是最具有诱惑性的选项。

这种选项的特点是：选项本身是正确的，但是跟题干却不能形成搭配关系。

雅思真题集——2013.02.23 阅读篇

雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心杨光
考试日期：2013年2月23日
Reading Passage 1
Title: Developmental Tasks of Normal Adolescence
Question types: True/False/Not Given(4); 选择(3);
matching(6)
文章内容回顾青春期发展的不同阶段以及特点。

题型难度分析Matching题又占据了半壁江山，这个题型出得简单就是送分，出得难了就是一个个地雷。

这次考试整体难度也因为matching和段落信息包含而上升。

题型技巧分析Matching的做法基本没有什么方法可言。

答案和原文肯定是比较彻底的同意替换，这对学生的词汇要求比较高。

Matching有两种出题方式：1. 题目简短，选项长；2. 选项简短，题目长。

挑选简短的一方做定位词，甚至可以把这些定位词写在文章边上。

【VIP专享】2013年3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾
来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-03-29
摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。
考试日期：
Reading Passage 1
Title:
Question types:
文章内容回顾
2013年3月比较害羞，habitat 在没有人的地方，有其他的 otter 占领的地方，它们也不会去挤。
第四段：它们的繁殖
第五段：它们的 reproduction 机制及小 otter 多久才会长大
第六段：污染什么的导致其数量减少
第七段：保护还是很有效的，有法律将其列为濒危动物
答案：
6.培养学生观察、思考、对比及分析综合的能力。过程与方法1.通过观察蚯蚓教的学实难验点，线培形养动观物察和能环力节和动实物验的能主力要；特2征.通。过教对学观方察法到与的教现学象手分段析观与察讨法论、，实对验线法形、动分物组和讨环论节法动教特学征准的备概多括媒，体继课续件培、养活分蚯析蚓、、归硬纳纸、板综、合平的面思玻维璃能、力镊。子情、感烧态杯度、价水值教观1和.通过学理解的蛔1虫.过观适1、察于程3观阅六蛔寄.内列察读、虫生出蚯材让标容生3根常蚓料学本教活.了据见身：生，师的2、解问的体巩鸟总看活形作用蛔题线的固类结雌动态业手虫自形练与本雄学、三：摸对学动状习人节蛔生结4、、收一人后物和同类课虫活构请一蚯集摸体回并颜步关重的动、学、蚓鸟蚯的答归色学系点形教生生让在类蚓危问纳。习从并状学理列学平的害题线蚯四线人归、意特出四生面体以形蚓、形类纳大图点常、五观玻存表及动的鸟请动文本小引以见引、察璃现，预物身类 3学物明节有言及的、导巩蚯上状是防的体之生和历课什根蚯环怎学固蚓和，干感主是所列环史学么据蚓节二样生练引牛鸟燥染要否以举节揭到不上适动、区回习导皮类还的特分分蚯动晓的同节于物让分答。学纸减是方征节布蚓物起一，课穴并学蚯课生上少湿法。?广的教，些体所居归在生蚓前回运的润；4泛益学鸟色生纳.靠物完的问答动原的4蛔，处目类习和活环.近在成前题蚯的因？了虫以。标就生体的节身其实端并蚓快及触解寄上知同物表内特动体结验和总利的慢我摸蚯生适识人学有容点物前构并后结用生一国蚯蚓在于与类的什，的端中思端线问活样的蚓人飞技有基么引进主的的考?形题环吗十体生行能着本特出要几变以动，境？大节活的1密方征本“特节化下物.让并为珍近习会形理切法。课生征有以问的小学引什稀腹性态解的。2课物。什游题主.结生出么鸟面和起结蛔关观题体么戏：要利明蚯？类处适哪构虫系察：的特的特用确蚓等，于些特适。蛔章形殊形征板，这资是穴疾点于可虫我态结式。书生种料光居病是寄的们结构，五小物典，滑生？重生鸟内学构，学、结的型以还活5要生类部习与.其习巩鸟结的爱是如原活生结了功颜消固类构线鸟粗形何因的存构腔能色化练适特形护糙态预之结的，肠相是系习于点动鸟？、防一构现你动适否统。飞都物为结蛔。和状认物应与的行是。主构虫课生却为和”其结的与题、病本理不蛔扁的他构特环以生？8特乐虫形观部特8征境小理三页点观的动位点梳相组等、这；，哪物教相，理适为方引些2鸟，育同师.知应单面导鸟掌类结了；？生识的位学你握日构解2互.。办特生认线益特了通动手征观识形减点它过，抄；察吗动少是们理生报5蛔？物，与的解.参一了虫它和有寄主蛔与份解结们环些生要虫其。蚯构都节已生特对中爱蚓。会动经活征人培鸟与飞物灭相。类养护人吗的绝适这造兴鸟类？主或应节成趣的为要濒的课情关什特临？就危感系么征灭来害教；？；绝学，育，习使。我比学们它生可们理以更解做高养些等成什的良么两好。类卫动生物习。惯根的据重学要生意回义答；的3.情通况过，了给解出蚯课蚓课与题人。类回的答关：系线，形进动行物生和命环科节学动价环值节观动的物教一育、。根教据学蛔重虫点病1.引蛔出虫蛔适虫于这寄种生典生型活的线结形构动和物生。理二特、点设；置2.问蚯题蚓让的学生生活思习考性预和习适。于穴居生活的形态、结构、生理等方面的特征；3.线形动物和环节动物的主要特征。

雅思真题集——2013.03.09阅读篇

雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心赵小溪考试日期：2013年3月9日Reading Passage 1Title: Classifying SocietiesQuestion types: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN (7); 问答(no more than two words); 填空；文章内容回顾人类（部落）社会的发展阶段，从band到tribe到chief到early state。

问答有grouped together, 20000 people。

填空有agricultural workers, foodstuffs。

题型难度分析难度偏低，且都是有顺序的题目，降低了做题难度。

题型技巧分析是非无判断题：解题思路：1. 关键词定位到原文中与题目出现重复的段落2. 判断方式不包含任何逻辑推理TRUE: 是原文中同义近义改写FALSE: 对于原文信息的直接改写NOT GIVEN: 原文没有信息，或通过原文信息不能直接推理出来3. 书写应该规范，大写全拼剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑桥4-1-1话题相似剑桥7-3-3话题相似剑桥5-2-1题型相似Reading Passage 2Title: The Tasmanian tiger 塔斯马尼亚老虎Question types: Summary原文原词；人名理论配对；单选；文章内容回顾属于旧题，版本号V110305一种像狗的虎濒临灭绝，以前在Australia, 后来气候渐变去了Tasmania, 后来Europeans进入了怎么样了的故事。

动物类的文章。

英文原文阅读Once the world's largest marsupial predator, the doglike Tasmanian tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus) ranged across Australia and as far north as New Guinea. After humans introduced dingoes to the area 4,000 years ago, the misnamed "tiger" was driven to extinction everywhere except the island of Tasmania. With the arrival of European settlers there in the 1800s, however, its days became numbered. Unsubstantiated tales of its blood-thirst and its unnaturally savage attacks on sheep led to the creation of "extermination.This book is the most complete and up-to-date examination of the history and extinction of one of Australia's most enduring folkloric beasts - the thylacine, otherwise affectionately known as the Tasmanian tiger. Bob Paddle challenges conventional theories explaining the behaviour and eventual extinction of the thylacine, arguing that rural politicians used the Tasmanian tiger as a scapegoat to protect local agricultural enterprise from the consequences of mismanagement. After the population of thylacines was decimated through a bounty scheme, ineffective political action by scientists finally resulted in the extinction of a once proud species. Paddle also uncovers a deeper intellectual snobbery that set the scene for the thylacine's eventual extinction. The Last Tasmanian Tiger offers new perspectives on the subjective nature of scientific investigation and the politics of preservation. For its groundbreaking work it received the Whitley Medal of the Zoological Society of New South Wales for best science book of 2001.题型难度分析这篇文章应该算是本次考试中难度较大的一篇，人名理论配对会给学生审题造成压力，致使本文在做题中时间耗费太长。

2013年雅思阅读考题回顾(三)

2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。

中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。

“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。

深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。

赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。

完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。

阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。

2013雅思阅读模拟试题与答案解析

Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。

【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾

Soil management
Organic farming relies heavily on the naturalbreakdown of organic matter, using techniques like green manure and composting, to replace nutrients taken from the soil by previous crops. This biological process, driven by microorganisms such asmycorrhiza, allows the natural production of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season, and has been referred to as feeding the soil to feed the plant. Organic farming uses a variety of methods to improve soil fertility, including crop rotation, cover cropping, reduced tillage, and application of compost. By reducing tillage, soil is not inverted and exposed to air; less carbon is lost to the atmosphere resulting in more soil organic carbon. This has an added benefit of carbon sequestration which can reduce green house gases and aid in reversing climate change.

2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析

雅思阅读考题回顾

雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心郑虹考试日期： 2015年10月10日Reading Passage 1Title: SeedHuntingQuestion types: 判断题6题摘要填空题5题多选题2题文章内容回顾大意是有一个群体，他们的职业就是收集种子，在全球各地行走，为生物科技公司或者药品公司收集植物的种子。

除了科研以外，还可以帮助我们保留正在濒危或者可能灭绝的植物。

因为这些努力，很多本应该灭绝的物种被保留了下来。

有个叫seed banks的地方专门用于安置植物种子，其负责人表示，在这些植物消失之前，能有人用行动拯救它们是非常可喜的。

但是很多这类seed banks也面临着资金短缺的问题。

题型难度分析1-6判断题1. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. TRUE2. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. NOT GIVEN3. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. TRUE4. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. TRUE5. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. FALSE6. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. TRUE7-11摘要填空题Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 7. extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 8. drugs/crops. They are called seed hunters. The 9. pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 10. Sir Joseph Banks, who financially supported collectors out his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks, one of which is the famous millennium seed bank, where seeds are all stored in the 11. underground vaults at a low temperature.12-13多选题Which Two of the following are provided by plants to the human?选：A & BA. foodB. fuelsC. clothesD. energyE. commercial products本篇文章的难度中等，第一个题型是判断题，判断题是雅思阅读必考题型，大家在备考的时候应该格外注意，判断题出题按顺序，不难定位到。

2013年3月23日雅思口语考试真题回忆

2013年3月23日雅思口语考试真题回忆回忆一：太原RM12 一个白发老头，P1 娱乐bag hometown P2 想交谈的人P3 擅长演讲的人应该具备什么素质能通过训练成为擅长演说的人么。

雅思哥，第一个进考场的人会不会分都不高啊，感觉答得比较一般回忆二：杭州，room218，p1:name，dance。

part2house，part3和traditional building，design of building。

白人，有点秃顶，人比较和善。

早上杭州大雨，半个小时都没打倒车，还以为要迟到了!吓死人了回忆三：room 305 part1house part2 library part3 关于我设计专业的问题。

countryside 。

resource on internet or books8回忆四：杭州R201 英国绅士很有好P1city entertainment P2 dissatisfied products P3 online shopping 考官一直看手表我是我们二楼第一个进第一个出来时间貌似很短是不是我说的不好啊求人品回忆五：杭州318，中老男人，P1：study or work，how long study，often do in your study life，weather in different season in your country P2：describe a teenagerP3：difference between child and young teenager，然后关于一系列teenager，travel，when you like traveling求RP求6啊?回忆六：杭州303 part1 hometown mobilephone。

part2sports you have been watching part3家人一起看好处回忆七：石家庄信工，0322，9：50，P1现在住哪个城市以后想住在这里么，出门带包么，你喜欢什么包!买包你看中是什么!P2a song !!!!!a song!!你妹妹啊啊啊啊你妹妹啊啊啊啊啊!P3各种music!哥!!!来求人品!!回忆八：呼和浩特师范RM15，大胡子考官挺可爱的，还喜欢咬铅笔，part1 major sleeping boat,part2 plant ,part3 中国最重要的吃的植物，农民，你喜欢当农民吗还有现在农民有什么挑战。

2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)

2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。

2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-05-06 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：2013年4月27日Reading Passage 1Title:Odd and Curious MoneyQuestion types:Matching多选文章内容回顾历史发展类，关于钱币的发展。

第一段先从最早的巴比伦说起，第二段提到了中国的刀币，之后提到泰国的tiger bar钱币（其中还提到一开始有用tiger claw当作钱币流通的，后来由于泰国与西方国家经济贸易的需要政府开始推行并大力生产tiger bar钱币），再之后就提到了日本的money tree和tomo什么的钱币，再后来提到某个岛屿用whale teeth 做钱币，同时它是身份的象征，首领们把它们穿在项链上，而且只有首领能用。

相关英文原文阅读Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects. While numismatists are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other payment media used to resolve debts and the exchange of goods. Early money used by people is referred to as "Odd and Curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes in prison). The Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit and gave small change in lambskins;[1] the lambskins may be suitablefor numismatic study, but the horse is not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals and gems. Today, most transactions take place by a form of payment with either inherent, standardized or credit value. Numismatic value may be used to refer to the value in excess of the monetary value conferred by law. This is also known as the "collector value."Economic and historical studies of money's use and development are an integral part of the numismatists' study of money's physical embodiment.EtymologyFirst attested in English 1829, the word numismatics comes from the adjective numismatic, meaning "of coins". It was borrowed in 1792 from French numismatiques, itself a derivation from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma, a variant of nomisma meaning "coin".[2] Nomisma is a latinisation of the Greek ν?μισμα(nomisma) which means "current coin/custom",[3] which derives from νομ?ζω(nomizō), "to hold or own as a custom or usage, to use customarily",[4] in turn from ν?μος (nomos), "usage, custom",[5] ultimately from ν?μω (nemō), "I dispense, divide, assign, keep, hold".[6][edit]History of moneyMain article: History of moneyMoney itself is made to be a scarce good throughout its history, although it does not have to be. Many items have been used as money, from naturally scarce precious metals and cowry shells through cigarettes to entirely artificial money, called fiat money, such as banknotes. Many complementary currencies use time as a unit of measure, using mutual credit accounting that keeps the balance ofmoney intact.Modern money (and most ancient money too) is essentially a token – an abstraction. Paper currency is perhaps the most common type of physical money today. However, goods such as gold or silver retain many of the essential properties of money.[edit]History of numismaticsCoin collecting may have existed in ancient times. Caesar Augustus gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of the kings and foreign money" as Saturnalia gifts.[7]Petrarch, who wrote in a letter that he was often approached by vinediggers with old coins asking him to buy or to identify the ruler, is credited as the first Renaissance collector. Petrarch presented a collection of Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV in 1355. The first book on coins was De Asse et Partibus (1514) by Guillaume Budé.[8] During the early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility. Collectors of coins were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and Henry IV of France to name a few. Numismatics is called the "Hobby of Kings", due to its most esteemed founders.Professional societies organized in the 19th century. The Royal Numismatic Society was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the Numismatic Chronicle. The American Numismatic Society was founded in 1858 and began publishing the American Journal of Numismatics in 1866.In 1931 the British Academy launched the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum publishing collections of Ancient Greek coinage. The first volumeof Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles was published in 1958. In the 20th century as well the coins were seen more as archaeological objects. After World War II in Germany a project, Fundmünzen der Antike (Coin finds of the Classical Period) was launched, to register every coin found within Germany. This idea found successors in many countries.In the United States, the US mint established a coin Cabinet in 1838 when chief coiner Adam Eckfeldt donated his personal collection.[9] William E. Du Bois’ Pledges of History (1846)describes the cabinet.C. Wyllys Betts' American colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals (1894) set the groundwork for the study of American historical medals.[edit]Modern numismaticsModern numismatics is the study of the coins of the mid-17th century onwards, the period of machine struck coins. Their study serves more the need of collectors than historians and it is more often successfully pursued by amateur aficionados than by professional scholars. The focus of modern numismatics lies frequently in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study. Varieties, mint-made errors, the results of progressive die wear, mintage figures and even the socio-political context of coin minting are also matters of interest.SubfieldsMain articles: Exonumia, Notaphily, and ScripophilyExonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as token coins andmedals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. This includes elongated coins, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, badges, counterstamped coins, wooden nickels, credit cards, and other similar items. It is related to numismatics proper (concerned with coins which have been legal tender), and many coin collectors are also exonumists.Notaphily is the study of paper money or banknotes. It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has been in use. However, people only started collecting paper money systematically in Germany in the 1920s, particularly the Serienscheine (Series notes) Notgeld. The turning point occurred in the 1970s, when notaphily was established as a separate area by collectors. At the same time, some developed countries such as the USA, Germany and France began publishing their respective national catalogues of paper money, which represented major points of reference literature.Scripophily is the study and collection of stocks and Bonds. It is an interesting area of collecting due to both the inherent beauty of some historical documents as well as the interesting historical context of each document. Some stock certificates are excellent examples of engraving. Occasionally, an old stock document will be found that still has value as a stock in a successor company. [edit]NumismatistsThe term numismatist applies to collectors and coin dealers as well as scholars using coins as source or studying coins.The first group chiefly derive pleasure from the simple ownership of monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars. In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite remarkable progress in the field. Examples areWalter Breen, a well-known example of a noted numismatist who wasnot an avid collector, and King Farouk I of Egypt was an avidcollector who had very little interest in numismatics. Harry Bassby comparison was a noted collector who was also a numismatist.The second group are the coin dealers. Often called professionalnumismatists, they authenticate or grade coins for commercialpurposes. The buying and selling of coin collections bynumismatists who are professional dealers advances the study ofmoney, and expert numismatists are consulted by historians, museumcurators, and archaeologists.The third category are scholar numismatists working in publiccollections, universities or as independent scholars acquiringknowledge about monetary devices, their systems, their economy andtheir historical context. An example would be Kenneth Jenkins.Coins are especially relevant as source in the pre-modern period.题型难度分析本篇的多选和配对题难度都有一些大，话题难度也较高。

雅思阅读考题回顾

雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科 After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and America, before being converted to a cable-laying ship and la ying the first lasting”Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunnel under London's River Thames 题目配对 tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsible for itThough ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical innovations was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (since engineers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the largest ship built until the turnof the century. Like many of Brunel's ambitious projects, the ship soon ran over budget and behind schedulein the face of a series of technical probl我配了两个财务上不成功和建设推迟了很对次配对great eastern ems.Great Britain is considered the first modern ship, being built of metal rather than wood, powered by an engine rather than wind or oars, and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. 配对成为广泛认可的标准忘了这个是不是第一题的段落包含信息题了其他记不住了有个火车站什么的配对 Brunel 影响了反对者这个乱配的Passage 3According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method尮Vladimir Nabokov argued that if we were rigorous with our definitions, Shakespeare's pla The Tempest would have to be termed science fiction.yY/N/NG 第一题就纠结了题目是科幻小说很难下定义文中不是两种观点都有么但是自己答的 YThe Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science fiction novel by Ame然后信息配对有一道是rican writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth.这门书貌似是配对它成功预测了人类登月Passage 1 Ambergris (旧题)Classification(6), Y/N/NG(4), summary(3)难度★☆难度★☆Passage 2Multiple choice(2 of 5), Summary(4), Headings(7)非洲小国的贫困难度★★placebo对医学的影响Matching, choices, T/F/NG Passage 3雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》迷失的城CAMEL allows archaeologists to survey ancient cities without digging in the dirt, disturbing sitesLike a dromedary that can travela long distance without taking a Overlying aerial photographs show the ancient city walldrink of water, the Oriental at Kerkenes Dag in Turkey.Institute's CAMEL computerproject can traverse vast distances of ancient and modern space without pausing for the usual refreshment known best by archaeologists—digging in the soil.CAMEL (the Center for Ancient Middle Eastern Landscapes) is at the leading edge of archaeology because of what it does not do and what it can do. First, it does not actually excavate. For a science based on the destructive removal of buried artifacts and an examination of them for meaning, CAMEL works in quite the opposite way: it aims to survey ancient sites and disturb them as little as possible.What CAMEL can do however, is remarkable. It organizes maps, aerial photography, satellite images and other data into one place, allowing archaeologists to see how ancient trade routes developed and to prepare simulations of how people may have interacted, given the limitations of their space, the availability of resources and the organization of their cities.CAMEL provides the wonderful opportunity “to see beyond the horizon,”said Scott Branting, Director of the project.Branting oversees the CAMEL project from a second-floor computer lab at the Oriental Institute. As he walks around, he shows off the dozen PCs that form the nucleus of the project, which invites faculty and students to pore through electronic images from throughout the Middle East. “;“The Near Eastern area is defined for the purposes of our collections as an enormous box stretching from Greece on the west to Afghanistan on the east, from the middle of the Black Sea on the north to the horn of Africa on the south,” he said as he turned on a computer to summon an image from the area.Up popped an aerial surveillance photograph taken for defense purposes during the Cold War. The image showed mounds on the surface of the steppe regions of modern Iraq, sites that are among the hundreds unexplored there that are potentially valuable sites for future excavation when archaeologists can safely return.“Because these images are images from the 1950s and 1960s, they show a terrain much different from what exists today,” he explained. Fields have covered much of the formally barren areas of the Middle East as irrigation has expanded farming. Sites that show up as mounds in photographs may today be leveled and hard to recognize. Some of the ancient material they contain,however, is still buried deep below the surface.Besides the aerial surveillance photographs, the collection includes some photographs taken by small planes in the early days of aerial photography. James Henry Breasted, founder of the Oriental Institute, was an early pioneer in the field and began taking photographs from a plane over sites in Egypt in 1920. Some of his early shots are a bit shaky, though, as he also experienced air sickness during that path-breaking effort.When the Oriental Institute launched an excavation in the 1930s at Persepolis in Iran, the art of aerial photography had progressed greatly, and stunning pictures of the ancient Persian capital helped demonstrate the scope of the city in a way nothing else could. Some of those photographs are on the walls of the Persian Gallery of the Museum of the Oriental Institute, and others are part of the CAMEL database.Oriental Institute scholars also used balloons rigged with cameras to catch overall shots of excavation sites.In addition to the aerial photographs, the collection also includes shots taken by NASA, Digital Globe and other organizations from satellites. Branting is in Turkey this summer working on a site that shows the value of nondestructive techniques such as those developed at CAMEL. He has been studying the ancient and mysterious city of Kerkenes Dag in central Turkey.The city, surrounded by a wall, is a square mile, huge by ancient standards,and is the largest preclassical site in Anatolia, the name for the ancient region that now includes Turkey. The city is about 30 miles from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire.Although the city was an Iron Age site and was planned and built by powerful leaders capable of controlling a large work force, it is uncertain who held that power. Early scholars had speculated it may have been a rival to the Hittites, but a research team from the Oriental Institute established in 1928 that the city was built sometime after the fall of the Hittites in about 1180 .Geoffrey Summers of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara directed a new dig at the site beginning in 1993. Branting joined the project in 1995 as an Oriental Institute graduate student. Researchers from the Middle East Technical University and the Oriental Institute then joined efforts to work on the project together.have Dag, archaeologists work at Kerkenes From the beginning of the latest trench Random about the site. more used nondestructive techniques to learn was recovered than much more information work would probably not turn up in the 1928 Oriental Institute excavation, scholars have contended. ervational and remote sensing techniques “By employing a range of obsblank the fill in to city, we have been able across the entire area of thesaid. Branting Oriental Institute,” earlier map made by the spaces on anThe work, which includes the techniques used at CAMEL to map accurately a site with photographs, provided archaeologists a chance to work with season another began. Currently, of precision once digging a high degree of excavation is underway.proved this has surface at Kerkenes Dag, “Since so much can be seen ontheto be a very effective technique,” Branting said.Global Positioning System technology has allowed scholars to record the minute topography of the entire ground surface within the site. “Never grand such a been undertaken on before in archaeology has this technique virtual a work to produce model is the basis for ongoing scale. The terrain building neighborhood, neighborhood by the reconstruction of entire city, by building,” he said.By using the techniques, the team was able to locate the gateway of the palace complex and find the first fragmentary inscriptions and reliefs to be recovered at the site. They have been able to date the site to the mid- to late-seventh century through the mid-sixth century . Scholars believe the city may have been one referred to by Herodotus as effort a failed Lydian King Croesus in which Pteria, was conquered by the to block the advance of the Persian Empire.even can true, then we of Kerkenes Dag with Pteria holds equation “If themore precisely date the massive destruction of the city to around 547 . and begin to understand something of its international importance,”Branting said Dematerialization消费-----雅思阅读真题题源号《九分达人》Until recently the role of consumption as a driving force forenvironmental change has not been widely explored. This may be due in part to the difficulty of collecting suitable data. The present chapter approaches the consumption of materials from the perspective of the forces for materialization or dematerialization of industrial products beyond the underlying and obviously very powerful forces of economic and population growth. Examination can occur on both the unit and the aggregate level of materials consumption. Such study may make it possible to assess current streams of materials use and, based on environmental implications, may suggest directions for future materials policy. dematerialization is often broadly used to characterize the The word decline over time in weight of the materials used in industrial end products. One may also speak of dematerialization in terms of the decline in “embedded energy” in industrial products. Colombo (1988) has speculated that dematerialization is the logical outcome of an advanced economy in which material needs are substantially Williams et al. (1987) have explored relationships between materials use and affluence in the United States. Perhaps we should first ask the question: Is dematerialization taking place? The answer depends, above all, on how dematerialization is defined. The question is particularly of interest from an environmental point of view, because the use of less material could translate into smaller quantities of waste generated at both the production and the consumption phases of the economic process.But less is not necessarily less from an environmental point of view. Ifsmaller and lighter products are also inferior in quality, then more units would be produced, and the net result could be a greater amount of waste generated in both production and consumption. From an environmental viewpoint, therefore, (de)materialization should perhaps be defined as the change in the amount of waste generated per unit of industrial products.On the basis of such a definition, and taking into account overall production and consumption, we have attempted to examine the question of whether dematerialization is occurring. Our goal is not to answer definitively the question whether society is dematerializing but rather to establish a framework for analysis to address this overall question and to indicate some of the interesting and useful directions for study. We have examined a number of examples even though the data are not complete.Undoubtedly, many industrial products have become lighter and smaller with time. Cars, dwelling units, television sets, clothes pressing irons, and calculators are but a few examples. There is, of course, usually a lower bound regarding how small objects such as appliances can be made and still be compatible with the physical dimensions and limitations of human beings (who are themselves becoming larger), as well as with the Apart from such boundary conditions on size and possibly tasks to be weight of many industrial product units, dematerialization of units of products is perceived to be occurring.An important question is how far one could drive dematerialization. For example, for the automobile, how is real world safety related to its mass? In a recent study, Evans (1985) found that, given a single-car crash, the unbelted driver of a car weighing about 2,000 pounds is about times as likely to be killed as is the unbelted driver of an approximately4,000-pound car. The relative disadvantage of the smaller car is essentially the same when the corresponding comparison is made for belted drivers. For two-car crashes it was found that the driver of a 2,000-pound car crashing into another 2,000-pound car is about times as likely to be injured seriously or fatally as is the driver of a 4,000-pound car crashing into another 4,000-pound car. These results suggest one of the reasons that dematerialization by itself will not be a sufficient criterion for social choice about product design. If the product cannot be practically or safely reduced beyond a certain point, can the service provided by the product be provided in a way that demands less material? lb return to the case of transportation, substituting telecommunications for transportation might be a dematerializer, but we have no data on the relative materials demand for the communications infrastructure versus the transportation infrastructure to meet a given need. In any case, demands for communication and transportation appear to increase in tandem,as complementary goods rather than as substitutes for one another.It is interesting to inquire into dematerialization in the world of miniaturization, not only the world of large objects. In the computer industry, for example, silicon wafers are increasing in size to reduce material losses in cutting. This is understandable if one considers that approximately 400 acres of silicon wafer material are used per year by IBM Corporation at a cost of about $100 million per acre. A processed wafer costs approximately $800, and the increase in total wafer area per year is about 10-15 percent. Although silicon wafers do not present a waste disposal problem from the point of view of volume, they are environmentally important because their manufacture involves the handling of hazardous chemicals. They are also interesting as an example of how the production volume of an aggressive new technology tends to grow because of popularity in the market. Moreover, many rather large plastic and metal boxes are required to enclose and keep cool the microchips made with the wafers, even as the world's entire annual chip production might compactly fit inside one 747 jumbo jet. Thus, such new industries may tend to be simultaneously both friends and foes of dematerialization.The production of smaller and lighter toasters, irons, television sets, and other devices in some instances may result in lower-quality products and an increased consumer attitude to ”replace rather than repair.” In Althoughincreased. have may produced units of number the instances, these dematerialization may be the case on a per-unit basis, the increasing number of units produced can cause an overall trend toward materialization with time. As an example, the apparent consumption of shoes, which seem increasingly difficult to repair, has risen markedly in the United States since the 1970s, with about billion pairs of nonrubber shoes purchased in 1985, compared with 730 million pairs as recently as 1981 (Table 1). In contrast, improvements in quality generally result in dematerialization, as has been the case for tires. The total tire production in the United States has risen over time (Figure 1), following from general increases in both the number of registered vehicles and the total miles of travel. However, the number of tires per million vehicle miles of travel has declined (Figure 2). Such a decline in tire wear can be attributed to improved tire quality, which results directly in a decrease in the quantity of solid waste due to discarded tires. For example,a tire designed to have a service life of 100,000 miles could reduce solid waste from tires by 60-75 percent (Westerman, 1978). Other effective tire waste reduction strategies include tire retreading and recycling, as well as the use of discarded tires as vulcanized rubber particles in roadway asphalt mixes.Dematerialization of unit products affects, and is influenced by, a numberof factors besides product quality. These include ease of manufacturing, production cost, size and complexity of the product, whether the product is to be repaired or replaced, and the amount of waste to be generated and processed. These factors influence one another as well (Figure 3). For example, the ease of manufacture of a particular product in smaller and lighter units may result in lower production cost and cheaper products of lower quality, which will be replaced rather than repaired on breaking down. Although a smaller amount of waste will be generated on a per-unit basis, more units will be produced and disposed of, and there may be an overall increase in waste generation at both the production and the consumption ends.Another factor of interest on the production end is scale. One would expect so-called economies of scale in production to lead to a set of facilities that embody less material for a given output. Does having fewer, larger plants in fact involve significantly less use of material (or space) than having more, smaller ones? At the level of the individual product, the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers, driven by desires for local independence and convenience, may also be in the direction of materialization.Among socioeconomic factors influencing society's demand for Mate- are the nature of various activities, composition of the work force, and income levels. For example, as a predominantly agricultural society evolves toward industrialization, demand for materials increases, whereas the transition from an industrial to a service society might bring about a decline in the use of materials. Within a given culture, to what extent are materials use and waste generation increasing functions of income?The spatial dispersion of population is a potential materializer. Migration from urban to suburban areas, often driven by affluence, requires more roads, more single-unit dwellings, and more automobiles with a consequent significant expansion in the use of materials. The movement from large, extended families sharing one dwelling to smaller, nuclear families may be regarded as a materializer if every household unit occupies a separate dwelling. Factors such as photocopying, photography, advertising, poor quality, high cost of repair, and wealth generally force materialization. Technological innovation, especially product innovation, may also tend to force materialization, at least in the short run. For example, microwave ovens, which are smaller than old-fashioned ovens, have now been acquired by most American households. However, they have come largely as an addition to, not a substitute for, previous cooking appliances. In the long term, if microwave ovens truly replace older ovens,this innovation may come to be regarded as a dematerializer. National security and war, styles and fashions, and fads may also function asmaterializers by accelerating production and consumption. Demand for health and fitness, local mobility, and travel may spur materialization in other ways.The societal driving forces behind dematerialization are, at best, diverse and contradictory. However, the result may indeed be a clear trend in materialization or dematerialization. This could be determined only through collection and analysis of data on the use of basic materials with time, particularly for industry and especially for products with the greatest materials demand. Basic materials such as metals and alloys ., steel, copper, aluminum), cement, sand, gravel, wood, paper, glass, ceramics, and rubber are among the materials that should be considered. The major products and associated industries that would be interesting to study could well include roads, buildings, automobiles, appliances, pipes (metal, clay, plastic), wires, clothing, newsprint and books, packaging materials, pottery, canned food, and bottled or canned drinks.11/09/2010Academic Reading Y /N /NG和summary★☆恐龙的脚印Passage 1难度电子书和数字音乐9个list of heading，剩下是TFNG难度★★☆Passage 2道 summary3 6道，TFNG 5道和天文物理段落配信息难度 Passage 3★★☆Comment 难，HEADINGS出了9道题，段落配信息6个。

2013年3月23日雅思口语考题回顾

2013年3月23日雅思口语考题回顾2013年3月23日雅思口语考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-03-29摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了3月23日雅思口语考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期： 2013年3月23日Part 1考题总结考题总结： Study1. Are you working or studying?2. Tell me about the school or university you attend.3. Tell me something about your primary school.4. What is your major?5. Do you like your major and why?6. What courses or subjects do you study?7. What is your favorite subject?8. What is the most useful subject?9. What would you like to do in the future?10. What are the characteristics of schools in China?11. What kinds of majors are available in China?12. What do Chinese people think about teachers?13. Is teaching a popular job in China, why or why not?Work1. Are you working or studying?2. What do you do for a living?3. How long have you been doing this job?4. Do you like your job, why or why not?5. Do you find your job interesting?6. What are your mainresponsibilities in your job?7. Is working important to you?8. Have you received any training related to your work?9. Tell me about your boss or colleague.10. What would be your ideal job?11. If you could choose another job, what would you choose?Home1. Do you currently live in a house or a flat/apartment?2. Can you describe yourhouse/flat?3. What main items of furniture or appliances do you have in each room?4. Is it a typical house/flat inyour city?5. What kind of house or flat do you want to live in the future?6. Do you like the decoration in your home, why or why not?7. Will you move to another house or flat in the near future?8. What kind of house/flat are you going to move into?9. What do you think of the area in which you live?10. How long have you been living there?11. What are your neighbors like?Hometown1. Where are you from?2. Where is your hometown?3. Tell me about your hometown.4. What’s your favorite thing or place in your hometown?5. What is famous about your hometown?6. Tell me about some scenic spots in your hometown.7. What are the main places of interest in your hometown? What places should foreigners visit in 8. Do you like your hometown? Why or why not?9. What is the difference between your hometown and Beijing?10. What are the people like in your hometown?11. If you could change one thing about your hometown, what would it be?12. What attractive pieces of architecture are there in yourhometown?13. Is your hometown a good place for young people to live?Concentration1. Is it important to focus on one thing you should deal with?2. When do people need to focus on something?3. When do people become the most focused?4. Is it easy to be with concentration?5. Can people deal with two different things at the same time?Music1. Do you like music, and what type of music do you like?2. Have you learned to play any musical instrument?3. What kind of music is popular now in China?4. How does music affect people’s lives?5. What kind of music do young people like, and what kind of music do old people like?6. Do you want to be a singer?7. Has the music you like changed over the years?8. Do you think music help you study?9. Do your parents have a different musical taste with you?10. Who is your favorite singer or band?11. Do you prefer live music orrecorded music?12. Have you even been to a concert before?13. Do you think music should be a required course for middle school students, why or why not?Internet1. Do you often use the internet?2. How do you go onto the internet?3. Where do you go onto the internet?4. What do you do on the internet?5. Is the internet very popular in China?6. How can people learn things on the internet?Leisure time1. What do you do in your spare time?2. How do you usually spend your evenings?3. Do you prefer to staying at home in the evenings or do you prefer to going out?Mobile Phones1. Do you use a cell phone?2. What do you use it for?3. How often do you use it?4. Do you like to send short message?5. When did you get your first mobile phone?6. How did you feel when you got your first mobile phone?7. What feature or function of yourcell phone do you like the best?8. Is there anything you dislike about using cell phones?Museum1. Are there any famous museums in your hometown/country?2. Do you think museums are useful for visitors to yourhometown/country?3. Do you often visit a museum?4. Did you go to any museums when you were a child?5. When was the last time you visited a museum?6. Do you think museums are important?7. Do you think it’s suitable fo r museums to sell things to visitors?Name1. What’s your name?2. Does your name have any special meaning or significance?3. Have you ever changed your name, why or why not?4. Do Chinese people like changing their names, why or why not?5. What kind of people like changing their names?6. What’s their purpose in changing their names?7. In your culture, do women change their names when they get married?Photography1. Do you like photography and why?2. When did you start to likephotography?3. Do you keep your old photos?4. Do you often see those old photos?5. What’s the meaning of keeping old photos?6. What is your most impressive photo?Time management1. How do you organize your time?2. Do you think young people and older people organize their time in the same way?3. Would you say you manage your time well?4. Where did you learn how to organize your time?5. How do you think you could betteryour time?6. Do you think it’s useful to plan your time?7. Have you ever been late for anything?8. If you had more time, what would you do with the extra time?Weekends1. What do you do in your spare time?2. How do you spend time with your family?3. What do you usually do on weekends?4. What did you do last weekend?5. What do other people in your country usually do on weekends?6. What are you going to do nextweekend?7. Do you think it is important to make the most of your weekend? 8. Do you feel that weekends now are more important to you than when you were a child?Art1. Are you very interested in art?2. Did you create any art such as painting or sculpture when you werea child?3. Have you ever been to an art gallery or an art exhibition?4. How often do you visit art galleries?Bags1. What types of bags do you use inyour everyday life?2. What do you put in these bags?3. Do you usually carry a bag when you go out?4. What sorts of bags do women like to buy?5. When you are buying a bag, what factors do you consider?6. Do you think the style of a bag is very important, why or why not?7. Do you have a bag for special occasions?Cards1. Do you ever receive letters or cards?2. Which do you think is better, to send a postcard or a letter?3. Do you think it is important tosend postcard to each other, why or why not?Dance1. Do you like to dance?2. What type of dance are you interested in?3. What are the differences between the dances the old people like and the dances the young people like?4. Is dancing good to people?5. Does China have any traditional dance?6. Is traditional dance still popular in China?Entertainment1. What do you do for entertainment?2. What did you do for entertainment when you were a child?3. What do other people do for entertainment around where you live?4. What choices for entertainment are there for young people around where you live?5. Are there any entertainment places near your school?6. Have you recently been to any place for entertainment?7. Do you think modern lifestyles give people enough time for entertainment?Friends and Family1. Do you have many close friends?2. What qualities make them goodfriends?3. Do you live with your family?4. Do your family and friends still live in your hometown?5. Do you think family members should live together, why or why not?6. When do you spend time with your family?7. What do you do together?8. Do you often go out with your friends?9. Is your family very important to you?10. Do you prefer to spend time with your family or your friends?11. What do you do in your free time with your friends?12. Are there any times when youprefer to be alone?Healthy Lifestyle1. What do you do to keep healthy?2. How can people maintain good health?3. What is a healthy lifestyle in your mind?4. Is there any sport that you would like to try in the future?Transport1. Which kind of transport do you usually use?2. What is the public transport like in your city?3. When are these forms of transport most crowded?4. Do you want to have a car, whyor why not?5. Do you think there are too many cars on the road?6. How do you think we can control the traffic condition?7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of planes?8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of trains9. Are there any traffic problems in your city?Schools1. What was the first school you attended?2. Where was it?3. Was it far from your home?4. How did you go to school?5. Did you like your school?6. What were the good things about that school?7. Would you say it was a good school?8. Would you send your child to that school?9. What different types of schools have you been to?10. Which school did you like the most, why?11. Did your parents choose your university for you?Weather and Climate1. What type of weather do you like?2. What type of weather do Chinese people usually like?3. Which is your favorite season?4. Do you do different things insummer and in winter?5. What do you often do on sunny and rainy days?6. What is the weather like in your city?7. Do you have some ways to control the global warming?House and Apartment1. Do you live in a house or an apartment?2. How do you like it? And why?3. What part of your home do you like best?4. Can you describe your room?5. Do you want to change your room?6. What would it be if you could change something about your room?7. Where do you live now? And howlong have you been there?8. Who do you live with?Housework1. Do people do a lot of housework in your country?2. Do Chinese people like spending time doing housework?3. Did you do a lot of housework when you were a child?4. Is it important for a child to do housework?5. What kind of housework do you have to do in China?6. What different kinds of housework do man and woman do?Boat1. Have you ever ridden in a boat?2. Do boats have any significant meaning in Chinese history?3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of riding boats?4. When did you ride in a boat for the first time?5. What was your feeling when riding in a boat?6. Do you feel sick after long hours of travelling in a boat?Newspapers1. Do you often read newspapers?2. Which do you prefer reading, magazines or newspapers?3. What kinds of newspapers or magazines do you usually read?4. How old were you when you first started to read newspapers?5. Do you think it’s important to read newspapers, why or why not?6. Why do you think people read newspapers?7. What different types of newspaper are there in China?8. Do you care about the news?9. Is the news important to you?10. What kinds of news do Chinese people read in newspapers?11. Do you prefer to read about local, domestic or international news, and why?12. What are some methods that newspapers use to attract readers?13. What influence do you think newspapers have on society?14. Do you think the internet is a good way to get news?Parks and gardens1. Are there many parks or gardens where you live or in your hometown?2. Do you often go to a park or a garden?3. How often do you go there?4. What do you like to do when you go to a park or garden?5. What do other people do in these places?6. When do other people go there?7. Do you think parks and gardens are important to a city, why or why not?Plans and goals1. Please summarize your plans for the near future.2. When do you plan to start that?3. How do you intend to achieve that?4. When you go abroad, do you plan to live in the countryside or a big city, and why?5. Do you plan to spend many years overseas?6. After you go abroad, do you plan to join any clubs?Sleeping1. How many hours do you sleep every day?2. Is it necessary to take a nap at noon?3. Do old people sleep a lot, why or why not?4. Do you think younger peoplesleep more than old people?5. What are the effects of sleeping too little on people?6. Do you sometimes find difficult to fall asleep?7. Are there any methods to help us fall asleep more easily?Writing1. Do you often write things?2. Do you write every day?3. What do you usually write about?4. Do you like writing to people?5. How often do you send e-mails?6. What are your main reasons for using e-mails?7. Do you like to send e-mails?8. Do you usually write by hand orwrite using a computer?9. Nowadays, how do most people write things?10. Do you think computers might one day replace handwriting?11. When do children begin to write in your country?12. How did you learn to write?13. Do you think handwriting is very important nowadays?14. How can children today improve or practice their handwriting? 15. What impression does a person’s handwriting have on other people?Building1. What kinds of buildings are popular in China now?2. Compare old buildings and modern buildings. Which do people prefer to live in?3. How do people in China feel about old buildings?4. Do old people and young people in China have the same attitudes towards old buildings?5. Is it important to preserve old buildings, and why?6. What aspect of culture do old buildings reflect?7. Do you think it’s worth the money to preserve old buildings?8. How have buildings changed in the past few years?Countryside1. Have you ever lived incountryside for a long time?2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in the countryside?3. Compare the availability of services such as education, health services and transportation in cities and the countryside.4. What are some of the differences between city people and country people?5. Which place is more beautiful,a city or the countryside?6. Do you think a city could ever be more beautiful than the countryside?7. Which do you think is the more relaxing place to live, the city or the countryside?Part 2&3考题总结考题总结： Describe a toy that was important to you in your childhood. You should say:when you got this toyhow you got this toyhow often you played with it what you did with this toyand explain why it was important to you or why you like it.Part3What toys are popular with kids in China today?In general, do children today have many toys?Some people think that children today have too many toys. What do you think?Do you think playing with electronic toys has a good influence on kids?Do you think there are some toys that are only suitable for girls and some that are only suitable for boys?Which do you think is better, for children to play toys alone or with other kids?Do you think parents should encourage their children to share their toys with other kids?Describe a show or performance that you enjoyed watching. (For example, a dance or singing performance).You should say:what kind of performance it waswhen and where you saw itwho you saw it withwho the performers was(were)and explain why you attended this performance or how you felt about this performance.Part3Beside what you said in Part2, what other types of shows or performances are there?What kinds of performances are most popular in China?Do you think art forms such as ballet and drama are important in life?Do you think live theatre is important today?Do you think art forms such as dance and drama have an impact onpeople’s everyday lives?Do you think they should receive financial support from the government?Do you think the popularity of TV is having an effect on traditional performing arts?Do you think TV increases the opportunities for people to see traditional performances or does it result in a decrease in the amount of traditional performances that people see?What do you think about the value of children going to see a play or dramatic performance?What is the value of children learning to perform, such as learning to act, sing or dance in front of an audience?Do boys and girls have the same feelings or attitudes about performing or watching an artistic performance?Do you think learning to dance (or to perform dance) has any benefits for children?Describe a room you spend most of the time in.You should say:where the room iswhat the room looks likewhat you usually do in the room and explain how you feel about the room.Part3How does the room of workplace affect people?Is there anything you want to change about your room?What are some important furniture or appliances in your room?The first dayDescribe your first day ofschool/course/jobYou should say:when it happenedwhere it happenedwhat happenedand explain how you felt during that day.Part3Is people’s name important in China?How to find a job?Are parents in China willing toallow their children to be independent?Something you bought that you were dissatisfiedDescribe something that you bought that you were dissatisfied with You should say:what the item waswhen and where you bought itwhy you bought itand explain why you were not happy with this productPart3What do young people in your country like to buy?Which do you think is more important, the cost of a product or the quality of the product?Why are imported products more expensive than locally-made products?What do you think of those people who only buy expensive thins and who look down on other people who buy cheap products?Which do you think is better, buy things online or buying thins in real shops?Why do you think online shopping has become so popular?How do people pay for things they buy online?A family photoDescribe a family photoYou should say:when and where it was takenwhy it was takenwho were there in the photowhat did you do thenand explain why you think this photo is impressive.Part3Do people in your country like taking photos?Why people like taking photos? Where do people usually store their photos?What photos do people often take? Do you like to take photos about people or the scenery?What can people now use to take photos?What are the differences of photos taken by the camera and your mobile phone?A class or training session Describe a class or training session that you enjoyedYou should say:what the teacher and the students didwhen and where you had this class what you learned in this class or training sessionand explain why you enjoyed it. Part3What do you think are the qualities of a good teacher?Do you think the usage of science and technology has changed teaching very much?Which do you think is better, distance education or classroomeducation?Do you think distance education might one day replace classroom education?Electronic productDescribe an electronic product you use in your lifeYou should say:what it ishow you use itwhat special features it would have and explain why it is important to you.Part3What high-tech products do Chinese use now?What is the influence between now and past?Have electronic products improved the standards of living?What are the advantages brought by modern technology to our housework?What technology is most popular among people now?An interesting old person Describe an interesting old person who you knowYou should say:what this person looks likewhat sort of person he or she is when and where or how you met this personand explain what is interesting about this person.Part3Do you often meet old people?At what age are people considered to be ”old” in China?What is life like for typical old people in China today?How would you define an “old” person?Compare the lives of old people in China today with those who lived 30 or 50 years ago.Has life improved for old people during these years, and how?How do you think old people will be living in the future, say, 20 or 30 years from now?A characterDescribe a character in a TVprogram or in a film you know You should say:who the character waswhen you know itwhat the character looked like what the character did in the TV program or filmand explain what influence this character had on you.Part3What influence will characters in a TV program or in a film have on young people?What kind of program or film is popular in China, and why?What will be the trend of TV program in future?What influence will the media violence have on children?GiftDescribe a gift you gave to someone.You should say:what the gift waswho you gave it towhy you gave itand explain whether this person liked the gift or not.Part3Why are people giving more and more expensive gifts?Do you like giving gifts or receiving gifts?On what occasions do Chinese people give gifts?How do you choose presents for others if you don’t know what theylike? Is it difficult to buy the right present?Is it good to give money or presents?How do you think about buying gifts online?Why should we give different gifts to different people?What gift do you want to receive? How do you think about people giving money to charity organization?Do you think parents are buying too many things for their children?Describe a museum or library that you visited.You should say:where it waswhat it looked likewhat facilities it hadand explain what influence it had on you.Part3Are there many public museums or libraries in China?Do people in China prefer to read in a library or a home?What can people read in a library that they can’t read in other places?Even thought it might cost a lot to maintain a library, do you think every university should have its own library?Do you think every town and city should have a public library? With the rapid development of technology today, do you think westill need books in the future?Describe a book or film about the future you read or watched.You should say:what it iswhen you read or watched itwhat it is aboutand explain how you felt about it. Part31. Why do some people like books or films about the future?2. What is the most important development about technology in modern society?3. With the development of technology, how can you image about the future?4. What will this test rooms be in。

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2013年3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-03-29 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：2013年3月23日Reading Passage 1Title:Otter（V100529的P1）Question types:Matching;Short-answer questions;文章内容回顾说水獭的生活习性，鼻子很灵，可以和狗一样。

但是视力很差，不过不影响它捕鱼。

它很害羞，不喜欢群居，虽然食物充足，但是它们就在很近的地方捕食，不跑远。

第一段讲：otter的shape,比如它有powerful claws,能游得很快，还有它的防水功能的外层在salt water中会被腐蚀，所以它们一般生活在coast.第二段：otter’s sense and underwater vision第三段：otter比较害羞，habitat在没有人的地方，有其他的otter占领的地方，它们也不会去挤。

第四段：它们的繁殖第五段：它们的reproduction机制及小otter多久才会长大第六段：污染什么的导致其数量减少第七段：保护还是很有效的，有法律将其列为濒危动物答案：1. swimming speed2. salt water3. coastal otters4. mammal moles5. sense of sight说它的fitness-purpose的特性是A段有个未进化的功能是C段讲它们成熟mate的四个阶段E段Social characteristic,说它们活动范围小的那个是在倒数第二段最后一段讲它们得到法律保护什么的英文原文阅读Life cycleThe time of gestation in otters is about 60 to 86 days. The newborn pup is taken care of by the mother, the father, and all the other offspring. Female otters reach sexual maturity at approximately two years of age, while males can produce offspring at approximately three years of age. After one month, the young otter can come out of the cave and, after two months, it is able to swim. It lives with its family for about one year, so it can learn and be kept safe until maturity. Otters live up to 16 years.CharacteristicsOtters have long, slim bodies and relatively short limbs, with webbed paws. Most have sharp claws on their feet, and all except the sea otter have long, muscular tails. The 13 species range in adult size from 0.6 to 1.8 metres (2 to 6 ft) in length and 1 to 45 kilograms (2.2 to 100 lb) in weight. The Oriental small-clawed otter is the smallest otter species and the giant otter and sea otter are the largest. They have very soft, insulated underfur, which is protected by an outer layer of long guard hair. This trapsa layer of air, and keeps them dry and warm under water.Many otters live in cold waters and have very high metabolic ratesto help keep them warm.European otters must eat 15% of their bodyweight a day, and sea otters 20 to 25%, depending on thetemperature. In water as warm as 10 °C (50 °F), an otter needs tocatch 100 grams (3.5 ounces) of fish per hour to survive. Mostspecies hunt for three to five hours a day, and nursing mothersup to eight hours a day.For most otters, fish is the staple of their diet. This is oftensupplemented by frogs, crayfish and crabs.[3] Some otters areexpert at opening shellfish, and others will feed on availablesmall mammals or birds. Prey-dependence leaves otters veryvulnerable to prey depletion.Otters are very active, chasing prey in the water or searching thebeds of rivers, lakes or the seas. Most species live beside water,but river otters usually enter it only to hunt or travel, otherwisespending much of their time on land to avoid their fur becomingwaterlogged. Sea otters are highly aquatic and live in the oceanfor most of their lives.Otters are playful animals and appear to engage in variousbehaviors for sheer enjoyment. Different species vary in theirsocial structure, with some being largely solitary, while otherslive in groups –in a few species these groups may be fairly large.这篇难度并不大，虽然有段落信息配对题，但是送分题简答题的难度非题型难度分析常小，而且由于本篇是以前的老题，考生做起来应该比较顺手。

题型技巧分析Detail Matching细节配对题分类：人/物体/地点/时间&特点/描述/事件人名→理论段落→具体信息特点：1)A:当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，题目一般遵循顺序原则B:当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，题目一般不遵循顺序原则2)答案是否会重复使用？取决于NB3)做题方法：A:当题目为专有名词、术语或物质名词时，根据题目在原文定位，理解原文对应内容并选出答案（着重考察对文章的理解）B:当题目不是专有名词、术语或物质名词，而选项是时，在文章中把选项中所有的专有名词、术语或物质名词划出，然后在题目中划定位词在文章中定位。

注意：结构阅读法的运用若某1、2题做不出来，可先做后面题目，然后再返回来做剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑6 Test 1剑7 test 1Reading Passage 2Title:桥梁共振（V100626的P2）Question types:多选Multiple Choice(4/7); Summary;Table Completion;文章内容回顾原文介绍了英国一座大桥建成后，大量游人前往参观，结果桥发生共振出了问题，就此展开了研究。

Summary: wind, further apart, horizontal force, swaying, step, upright题型难度分析这篇文章的难度也不是很大，话题比较熟悉，题型难度不大。

题型技巧分析Summary（摘要）类别：原文中选词填空给定词中选词填空原文中选词填空：1.注意题目说明中是否给出文章范围2.注意字数限制3.题目在原文中出现的位置？：顺序原则4.原文中单词是否能改动？不可改动5.做题方法：首先：利用标题或者第一句话定位题目在文章中的起始段落然后：利用空前后的限定信息在文章中定位并确定答案（限定信息和原文内容必须一一对应才能选出正确答案）给定词中选单词：1.注意题目说明中是否给出文章范围2.答案是否能重复使用，注意NB3.题目在原文中出现的顺序？基本顺序原则，题量较多时可能有1-3题乱序4.给定词基本为原文同义替换5.给定词能否改变？不能改变6.捷径：利用词性和常识选答案，若选不出则回原文定位。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑7 Test 2Reading Passage 3Title:营销劝导（V110305的P3）Question types:Summary（有A-I选项）TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN文章内容回顾各种实验，此篇文章没有用机经原题，而是发生变化。

说有个科学家做实验，在真实社会中，因为他自己容易受推销员影响，所以希望探寻说服的秘密，最后通过实验发现了说服6定律，作者认同这个人的部分观点，但是不知道在新西兰是否同样适用。

摘要题答案回忆：relative value, bad behavior, rare opportunity, previous commitment, similar name题型难度分析本篇文章虽然有机经，可是题目发生了变化，因此很多考生还是感觉被虐了。