物流英语阅读理解练习
物流英语试题与参考答案

物流英语试题与参考答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the supply chain management?A. IntegrationB. EfficiencyC. CompetitionD. Flexibility2. The process of converting raw materials into finished goods is known as:A. Inventory managementB. ProductionC. DistributionD. Transportation3. Which of the following is NOT a function of logistics?A. PlanningB. SourcingC. WarehousingD. Research4. Which of the following is the most common method of transportation for international trade?A. Ocean freightB. Air freightC. Rail freightD. Road freight5. What is the term used to describe the movement of goods from the supplier to the customer?A. Supply chainB. DistributionC. InventoryD. Logistics6. Which of the following is NOT a mode of transportation?A. TruckB. ShipC. AirplaneD. Pipeline7. What is the process of planning, executing and controlling the efficient movement and storage of goods known as?A. Supply chain managementB. LogisticsC. Inventory managementD. Distribution8. Which of the following is a key factor in supply chain management?A. Information technologyB. Fuel pricesC. Labor costsD. Government regulations9. What is the term used to describe the process of moving goods from the production facility to the customer?A. DistributionB. TransportationC. InventoryD. Fulfillment10. Which of the following is the most common method of transportation for domestic shipments?A. Ocean freightB. Air freightC. Rail freightD. Road freight参考答案:1. C2. A3. D4. A5. B6. D7. B8. A9. A10. D二、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 请简要解释供应链管理的主要目标是什么?参考答案:供应链管理的主要目标是实现供应链的高效运作,降低整体成本,提高客户满意度,并提高企业的竞争力。
物流专业英语试题及答案

物流专业英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. What does the acronym "3PL" stand for in logistics?A. Third Party LogisticsB. Three Party LogisticsC. Third Party LiabilitiesD. Third Party Law2. The term "EDI" refers to:A. Electronic Data InterchangeB. Electronic Document InterchangeC. Electronic Device InterfaceD. Electronic Document Integration3. What is the primary purpose of a warehouse in logistics?A. To store goods for future saleB. To provide a place for goods to be manufacturedC. To transport goods to their final destinationD. To sell goods directly to consumers4. Which of the following is not a mode of transportation?A. RoadB. RailC. AirD. Warehouse5. The term "inventory" in logistics refers to:A. The process of moving goods from one place to anotherB. The goods that are held in stock awaiting saleC. The process of receiving goods from suppliersD. The process of delivering goods to customers6. What is the role of a logistics manager?A. To manage the financial aspects of a companyB. To oversee the operations of a logistics departmentC. To design and manufacture productsD. To handle customer service inquiries7. Which of the following is a type of transportation document?A. Bill of LadingB. Bill of SaleC. Bill of ExchangeD. Bill of Rights8. What is the meaning of "LTL" in logistics?A. Less Than LoadB. Large Transport LoadC. Long Term LeaseD. Limited Time Limit9. The term "drop shipping" refers to a method where:A. The seller stores and ships the goods themselvesB. The manufacturer ships the goods directly to the customerC. The goods are shipped from one warehouse to anotherD. The goods are shipped to a central distribution center10. Which of the following is not a function of supply chainmanagement?A. PlanningB. SourcingC. ManufacturingD. Advertising答案:1-5 A A A A B6-10 B A A B D二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. The process of managing the flow of goods and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption is known as the _______ chain.2. In logistics, the term "lead time" refers to the _______ it takes for an order to be delivered after it has been placed.3. The acronym "FCL" stands for _______ Container Load.4. A _______ is a person or company that arranges the transportation of goods for others.5. The term "cross docking" refers to the practice of _______ goods as they are received and shipping them out without storing them.6. A _______ is a document that provides evidence of the terms of a contract for the transportation of goods.7. The process of managing the movement and storage of goods from raw material stage to the finished goods stage is known as _______ management.8. The term "hub-and-spoke" refers to a _______ model where goods are transported to a central hub and then distributed to various locations.9. The acronym "TMS" stands for _______ Management System.10. The _______ is the person responsible for ensuring that the cargo is properly loaded, secured, and unloaded.答案:1. supply2. time3. Full4. freight forwarder5. unloading and reloading6. contract of carriage7. inventory8. logistics9. Transportation10. stevedore三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1. 简述物流中的“Just-In-Time”(JIT)库存管理的概念。
物流英语问题答案

物流英语问题答案Questions regarding the textsUnit 11.what is logistics compared to in the text?In the text, logistics is compared to a unique global pipeline that operates every hour and every day.2.Isn’t logistics something new? Why?Logistics is not a new thing. The reason is that Logistics came into being with the advent of civilization.3.What is flowing in the pipeline of logistics?Material and information are flowing in the pipeline of logistics.4.Give examples of logistics activities in a given factory.In a given factory ,there are logistics activities such as packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.5.Give examples to show that logistics is working every day, even at night.Transport is operating every day and every night. Material handling is the same, so are other factors of logistics.6.How many sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics? What are they?Various sectors of economic activities are involved in logistics. They are : packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.7.How important is logistics in production process?Logistics is one part of the supply chain process which has close relation to the flow and storage of goods, service and information. It plays important role in the production processand contributes a lot to the efficiency of a company.Unit 21.products are of two kinds. What are they?There are two kinds of products: one is products for customers, and the other is products for industrial use.2.what is the most important characteristic of any product?Any product has an important characteristic , that is, its availability at the place where a customer wishes to consume it.3.How do you differentiate convenience products from shopping products and from specialty products?Convenience products are goods and services that consumers purchase frequently, immediately and with little comparative shopping. Shopping products are those for which consumers are willing to seek and compare . Specialty products are those for which buyers are willing to expenda substantial effort and often wait for a lot of time to acquire them.4. do you know of consumer goods?Consumers products are those that are directed to the final consumers.5.what do you know about industrial products?Industrial products are those which are used in industrial production, such as steel, coal etc.6.what does mer’s service mean?Consumer’s service refers to the service supplied to consumers.Unit 31.Why is transportation considered so important to the economy of a country? Why is it soimportant to the individual firm?Because transportation is a vital component in the logistics system, it is considered very important to the economy of a country. It is very important to the individual firm because it may account for one –third to two-thirds of total logistics costs.2.Why do you think that each mode has an advantage with their particular product groups ?Note that one particular kind of goods may be shipped by two or more different modes of transport.Transportation by air is the quickest ,however, the cost is the highest. The volume transported by rail is the largest, but the speed is lower than that of air transportation. .Transportation by water is the most inexpensive.3.Why has containerization become such a popular means of transport in internationaltransportation?Containers can prevent goods from being damaged in transit. Besides it facilitates the handling and transportation of goods.4.What role do agencies play in the transportation system? What services do they provide? They play an important role in the transportation system. They help their clients to prepare documentation , make customs clearance, and learn information about various customs procedures and the use of foreign trade zones.5.Explain why transport rates typically vary with the weight of a shipment, the distance ashipment is transported, and the value of the transport service.Because cost consists of variable cost and fixed cost. Variable cost changes with the weight of a shipment, the distance and the value of the transport service. The heavier the shipment , thelonger the distance and the more valuable the shipment, the higher the transport rates.Unit 41.what do you think is most important in the value-added process?In the value-added process, inventory is viewed as most important2.What will happen if the inventory overstocks?.If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many aspects , such as the capital cost and interest , taxes, insurance, obsolescence cost and the storage cost.3.What are the advantages of holding inventories?If there is proper amount of inventory, a company can take goods from stock and meet customer’s need immediately.4.If you were a boss, what methods would you adopt to reduce costs in holding inventories ?If I were a boss, I would make a inventory plan first. Then I would use the lot sizing concept to balance the cost of maintaining inventories against the cost of ordering. At last I would use the lot quantities formulations to find out the lowest cost of inventory.5.What does the lot quantity formulations identify?Lot quantity formulations identify the precise quantities at which the annual combined total costs of ordering and maintenance is lowest for a given sales volume.Unit 51.what are the two kinds of packing?Packing can be divided into two kinds: one is industrial packing , the other is consumer packing.2.Which kind of packing is directly related to consumers?Consumer packing is directly related to consumers. It aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it.3.Is consumer packing of vital significance to logistics?No. it is not .The reason is that consumer packing mainly aims at containing the goods, promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it.4.Which kind of packing is very important to logistics?Industrial packing is very important to logistics. Industrial packing refers to the packing used in industry.5.what is the first function of industrial packing?The first function of industrial packing is that it can protect the goods from damage during handling, storing and transportation.6.What is the second function of industrial packing?The second function of industrial packing is that it can promote logistical efficiency.7.Must the packing material be strong enough? If so to what extent?No, it needn’t .Because absolute protection is impossible, if the damage is within the allowable damage , the extent of protection is enough.8.Why is absolute protection impossible?The reason is that absolute protection makes the cost too high.9.Why must the package be easy to handle?The reason is that the easier it is to handle a product, the lower the transportation rate.10.What does UPC mean? What is the use of it?UPC means Universal product code. It is a kind of bar code.Unit 61.According to paragraph 1, what does a manufacturer , wholesaler or retailer have to do tosupport the operation of his organization.To support his organization, he has to buy materials ,services ,and supplies from outside suppliers.2.What does supply management mean for most organizations?For most organizations, supply management means purchasing.3.What has given more knowledge about the role played by purchasing to many managers? The concept of supply chain management has given more knowledge about the role played by purchasing.4.What is one of the largest elements of costs for many firms?For many firms ,one of the largest elements of costs is purchased goods and services.5.What percentage do purchased goods and services account for in the total sales in the averagemanufacturing firm in North America?Purchased goods and services account for about 55 cents of every sales dollar.6.What kind of managers can save their organizations large sums relative to the competition? Managers with good negotiating skills and strong relationships with suppliers can save their organizations large sums .7.What can create competitive cost advantage that last for a long time?Identifying the right production equipment and buying it ata good price can create competitive cost advantage that lasts for many years.8.What would cause the shutting down of a production plant?Stockouts of raw materials or component parts can shut down a production plant.9.What does the quality of finished goods and services depend on?The quality of finished goods and services is dependent on the quality of the materials and parts used in producing the items.10.Will ineffective purchasing practices lead to a series of negative results to a firm’s operation?What are these results?Yes, Ineffective purchasing practices will lead to negative results to a firm’s operation .The results are : customers service may fall, and long –term customer relationship may be damaged.Unit 71.Is information important in the performance of a supply chain .Yes, it is crucial to the performance of a supply chain because it provides the message to help the manager to make decisions.2.What a manager can learn from information?-A manager can learn about what customers want, how much inventory is in stock and when more products should be produced and shipped.3.In the phrase “supply chain drivers”, what does the word driver mean?It refers to any part in the supply chain.4.To set inventory levels ,what information must one person get ?-He must collect information such as customer demand,availability or products and current inventory levels etc.5. what does the phrase “Facility decision “ mean?-It refers to decision relating to facility.Unit 81.What is the possible definition of supply chain?Supply chain is a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers ,etc.. They supply to each other raw material, components, products and service.2.What does supply management mean?Supply management means the design , planning and control of the information flow, movements of goods and money with a view to strengthening competitiveness.3.What is Ford’s purpose of developing a huge manufacturing complex?Ford’s purpose of developing a huge manufacturing complex is control. He wants to control every link of production.4.What did Ford do to ensure a reliable supply of materials?To ensure a reliable supply of materials , Ford invested in coal-mines, iron-ore deposits timber land etc.5.Why did Ford buy a large quantity of potatoes from South America ?Ford ordered a huge quantities of potatoes from South America to explore the possibility of extracting alcohol .6.What did Ford do in order to transport materials to his plants and finished products todealers?He invested in railroads, trucks ,and both Great Lakes and ocean vessels.7.Did some specialized firms finally become contributors to Ford’s network? And why? Yes, they did. The reason is that thespecialized firms outperformed Ford company in terms of quality and cost.8.Were the financial resources at Ford Company shifted at last ?If the answer is “yes” . to which aspect?Yes, they were. With time going on, the Ford strategy shifted from ownership based control to orchestrating channel relationships.9.In the later part of the 20the century, on whom did Ford Company rely for logistics service? Ford Company has been buying logistics service from Exel.10.What kind of conclusion did Ford find out in the final analysis?Ford found out that no firm can be self-sufficient in the final analysis.Unit 91.Is maritime shipping an important link in international logistics?Yes, it is.2.How many types of shipping markets are there in the world?-There are two types of shipping markets : one is the liner market, the other is the tramp market. 3.Before you send cargo to a buyer overseas, what do you need to do?-You need to complete the necessary documentation for insurance, cargo survey etc.4.How to book the shipping space?The shipper can either go to a shipping company or simply go on the internet to book shipping space.5.When the shipping company accepts your space-booking, what will you receive in duecourse?-you will receive s a Container Load Plan.6.what decides the specific location for each container in the holds?A stowage plan for the ship decides the specific location.Unit 101.what is the definition of the supply chain management?Supply chain management is the process that integrates, co-ordinates and controls the movement of materials , finished inventory and related information from supplier through companies to meet consumer requirements.2.What are the objectives of supply chain management?The objectives of supply chain management are to reduce total costs, minimize lead time, minimize inventory levels and cost, improve service level and streamline goods and information flows.3.What are the functions of TPL?TPL functions as the expertise in providing client with professional operation to reduce costs, minimize inventory etc.4.What are the advantages of adopting sophisticated technology?Adopting sophisticated technology can not only reduce labor costs, but also achieve greater visibility , improving customer service and using information more effectively to figure out things like trends and supplier performance.5.How does IT system operate?-The IT system is one of the value-adding services provided by TPL .Purchases orders will be placed online, and vendors pick up them on line.6.What are the selling points of TPL system?TPL system has many selling points such as local service,efficient trucking service, computerized warehouses system and customized operation.。
《物流英语》习题及答案

《物流英语》习题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 物流的基本功能不包括以下哪一项?A. 运输B. 仓储C. 质量控制D. 包装答案:C2. 以下哪个不是物流的主要目标?A. 降低成本B. 提高效率C. 提高客户满意度D. 减少员工数量答案:D3. 在物流系统中,以下哪一项是关键组成部分?A. 信息系统B. 运输设备C. 仓库D. 供应商答案:A4. 以下哪个术语表示从供应商到消费者的整个物流过程?A. 供应链管理B. 物流管理C. 物流系统D. 供应链答案:D5. 在物流过程中,以下哪一项是降低运输成本的关键因素?A. 运输方式的选择B. 运输路线的规划C. 货物的包装D. 运输时间的安排答案:B6. 以下哪个术语表示在物流过程中对货物的跟踪与监控?A. 物流跟踪B. 供应链跟踪C. 运输跟踪D. 库存管理答案:A7. 以下哪个物流活动与仓库管理密切相关?A. 运输B. 采购C. 包装D. 库存管理答案:D8. 以下哪个术语表示物流活动中的货物集散地?A. 仓库B. 物流中心C. 配送中心D. 货运站答案:C9. 以下哪个不是物流信息系统的主要功能?A. 货物跟踪B. 库存管理C. 运输管理D. 财务管理答案:D10. 以下哪个术语表示物流过程中的时间效率?A. 快速响应B. 准时交货C. 运输速度D. 仓储效率答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 物流的基本功能包括运输、仓储、包装、__________、__________。
答案:装卸、配送2. 物流的主要目标有降低成本、提高效率、提高客户满意度、__________。
答案:优化供应链3. 在物流系统中,信息系统、运输设备、__________、供应商是关键组成部分。
答案:仓库4. 供应链管理包括__________、__________、__________等环节。
答案:采购、生产、销售5. 物流信息系统的主要功能有货物跟踪、库存管理、运输管理、__________。
《物流英语》习题及答案

一、选择题1. The process of moving goods from one place to another is known as ________.A. transportationB. logisticsC. distributionD. inventory答案:B2. Which of the following is not a primary function of logistics?A. Inventory managementB. Customer serviceC. Production schedulingD. Sales forecasting答案:C3. The term "value chain" refers to:A. The process of adding value to a productB. The physical movement of goodsC. The financial aspect of logisticsD. The management of information technology答案:A4. Which of the following is not a type of transportation?A. Road transportationB. Air transportationC. Water transportationD. Energy transportation答案:D5. The abbreviation "KPI" stands for:A. Key Performance IndicatorB. Key Production InventoryC. Key Product InformationD. Key Personnel Index答案:A6. In logistics, "just-in-time" (JIT) refers to:A. Delivering goods at the same time as they are neededB. Delivering goods before they are neededC. Delivering goods after they are neededD. Delivering goods in large quantities at one time答案:A7. Which of the following is not a component of supply chain management?A. Inventory managementB. Customer relationship managementC. Production planningD. Quality control答案:B8. The term "forwarder" is commonly used in logistics to refer to:A. A person who moves goods from one place to anotherB. A company that arranges transportation for goodsC. A person who manages a warehouseD. A person who designs logistics systems答案:B9. The process of moving goods from the point of origin to the final destination is called:A. Inbound logisticsB. Outbound logisticsC. Reverse logisticsD. All of the above答案:D10. Which of the following is not a common form of packaging?A. CartonB. PalletC. BagD. Crate答案:C二、填空题1. Logistics is the management of ________, ________, and ________ of goods and services.答案:flow, storage, movement2. ________ is a method of managing inventory that ensures that the right amount of inventory is available at the right time.答案:Just-in-time (JIT)3. ________ is the process of delivering goods to customers.答案:Distribution4. ________ is the process of returning goods to the original source.答案:Reverse logistics5. A ________ is a person or organization that arranges transportation for goods.答案:Forwarder三、简答题1. What are the main functions of logistics?答案:The main functions of logistics include transportation, inventory management, warehousing, packaging, and customer service.2. Explain the difference between inbound and outbound logistics.答案:Inbound logistics involves receiving, storing, and distributing materials and goods to the production or distribution facilities. Outbound logistics involves moving finished goods from the production or distribution facilities to the end customer.3. What is the purpose of a supply chain?答案:The purpose of a supply chain is to efficiently and effectively deliver goods and services to customers while minimizing costs and maximizing value.4. How does just-in-time (JIT) inventory management work?答案:Just-in-time inventory management involves receiving goods and materials just when they are needed for production or sale, rather than storing them in inventory. This reduces inventory costs and minimizes waste.5. What is the role of a forwarder in logistics?答案:A forwarder is responsible for arranging transportation for goods, including selecting the appropriate mode of transportation, preparingshipping documents, and coordinating with carriers to ensure timely delivery.四、翻译题1. 物流是指管理货物的流动、储存和分配的过程。
物流英语试题及参考答案

物流英语试题及参考答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. What does the term "LCL" stand for in logistics?A. Less than Container LoadB. Large Container LoadC. Limited Container LoadD. Local Container Load答案:A2. The process of managing the flow of goods and information involves which of the following?A. Inventory managementB. Supply chain managementC. Warehouse managementD. All of the above答案:D3. Which of the following is not a type of transportation mode?A. RoadB. RailC. AirD. Cable答案:D4. What is the abbreviation for "International Commercial Terms"?A. ICTB. ICPC. INCOTERMSD. ITC答案:C5. The term "EDI" refers to:A. Electronic Data InterchangeB. Electronic Document InterfaceC. Electronic Delivery InformationD. Electronic Distribution Interface答案:A6. Which of the following is a key factor in supply chain risk management?A. Cost reductionB. Inventory optimizationC. Supplier reliabilityD. Customer satisfaction答案:C7. The term "3PL" stands for:A. Third Party LogisticsB. Third Party LiabilityC. Third Party LoanD. Third Party Lease答案:A8. What is the role of a customs broker?A. To facilitate the import and export processB. To handle international paymentsC. To manage warehouse operationsD. To provide transportation services答案:A9. Which document is used to provide a detailed description of the goods being shipped?A. Bill of LadingB. Commercial InvoiceC. Packing ListD. Certificate of Origin答案:C10. The term "VMI" stands for:A. Vendor Managed InventoryB. Volume Management IndexC. Value Management IndicatorD. Vehicle Management Interface答案:A二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)11. The _______ is responsible for the goods until they are delivered to the consignee.答案:shipper12. In logistics, "CIF" stands for _______.答案:Cost, Insurance, and Freight13. The process of managing the movement of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption is known as the _______.答案:supply chain14. A _______ is a person or company that arranges the transportation of goods for others.答案:freight forwarder15. The term "FOB" refers to _______.答案:Free On Board16. The _______ is a document that provides evidence of the terms of a contract for the sale of goods.答案:sales contract17. A _______ is a system that tracks and manages the flow of products and information from raw material stage to the final consumer.答案:ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)18. The _______ is the process of managing the demand and supply of products or services.答案:demand planning19. The _______ is a document that certifies the origin ofthe goods being shipped.答案:certificate of origin20. The _______ is the process of managing the movement of goods from the warehouse to the customer.答案:distribution三、简答题(每题5分,共30分)21. Explain the difference between "FOB" and "CIF" in international trade.答案:FOB (Free On Board) is a term used when theseller's responsibility ends once the goods are loaded onto the ship, while the buyer is responsible for the transportation from that point. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) means the seller pays for the cost of the goods, insurance, and freight until they reach the port of destination, after which the buyer takes over the responsibility.22. What are the benefits of using a 3PL provider in a supply chain?答案:Benefits of using a 3PL provider include reduced capital expenditure, access to specialized logistics expertise, improved scalability and flexibility, and the ability to focus on core business activities.23. Describe the role of a bill of lading in international shipping.答案:A bill of lading serves as a contract of carriage, a receipt for the goods shipped, and a document of title. It outlines the terms and conditions of the transport, confirmsthe receipt of the goods by the carrier, and can be used as a legal document in case of disputes.24. What is the purpose of inventory management in logistics。
《物流英语》习题及答案1

第1单元物流概述Part V Listening and Speaking2. R eading practice. Please listen carefully to the following sentences read by teacher and translate them out.1)Logistics must make-work effectively.物流必须使生产经营有效。
2)Systems should exist at the macro or corporate level and view.物流系统必须是宏观的,是站在公司全局立场的。
3)Service more than has to expedite a shipment.服务不仅仅是快速装运货物。
4)So in a military sense, the term( logistics ' organization, army replenishments and material maintenance. 就军事意识而言,物流管理一词意即运输编制、军队补给和物料保养。
5)The introduction of containers and the development of information technology have brought about the development and improvement of logistics ' activities.货柜的发明以及信息技术发达, 都从技术方面推动了物流活动的发展。
6)In other words, they are much more concerned with the flow of finished goods from the end of the production line to the customer.换句话说,公司更关注的是产成品从生产线到消费者手中的这一过程。
物流英语阅读理解练习附答案

ESSY1(p65)1: What is the meaning of “cost-effective” ?A cost reducedB EconomicallyC cost evaluateD To add cost中文:什么是节约的意义?(成本降低)2: ( )creates time value.A TransportationB Goods flowC Different locationD storage中文:什么创造了时间价值?(储存)3: What is the same meaning of location value?A Different valueB Different value of same goods at the different places.C Different goodsD Different value of different goods at the same place.中文:什么和位置(场所)价值有同样的含义?4: What is the distribution processing value?A DistributionB processingC Sales and processingD changing the length, thickness and the package of the goods.中文:什么是加工价值?(改变商品的长度,厚度和包装)5: The distribution process value is available in all logistics activities. Is it correct or not ?A BothB YesC NotD Not clear中文:在所有的物流活动中都存在着加工价值吗?(不是)ESSY2(p65)1: What are the main different between traditional and modern logistics?A Containerization techniquesB Information techniquesC A and BD GPA, EDT, POS and So on中文:传统物流和现代物流有什么区别?(集装技术与信息技术)2: What is the logistics base module?A 1200×1000mmB 2591×2438mmC 600×400mmD A, B and C中文:什么是物流基础模数?3: What is the most important in the logistics information system?A EDI(p5)B POSC GPSD Bar code中文:物流信息系统最重要的是什么?(EDI)4: What is the function of internet to the logistics?A To direct the operationB To help the market development, operation and managementC To guide the mobile equipment, like truck and ship.D To speed up the process.中文:计算机对现代物流的功能是什么?5: The logistics standardization starts from the operation of ( )A TransportationB storageC DistributionD packaging中文:物流标准化操作是从什么开始?(包装)ESSY3(p68)1: What is the subject for the paragraph ?A The international tradeB The international transportC The international logisticsD International economy中文:什么是这段的主题?(国际物流)2: What is the same meaning as “ Internationalization” ?A NationalizationB GlobalizationC IntegrationD standardization中文:什么和国际化有相同的含义?(全球化)3: What is the meaning of trend?A General directionB Developing roadC wayD path中文:趋势的含义是什么?(总的方向)4: The international transport and the international logistics are same. Is it correct or not ?A Not mention in the paragraphB Not clearC wrongD right中文:国际运输和国际物流的意义是相同的,这么说对吗?(是的)5: The international trade needs the ( ) to fulfill it’s transaction.A TracksB logisticsC shipsD Aircrafts中文:国际贸易需要什么来实现运送?(物流)ESSY4(p69)1: What is the same meaning of reverse distribution?A SalesB sales and logisticsC Returned logisticsD Back and forth中文:什么是反向分销?(回收物流)2: What is the meaning of recycle ?A collect,treat and use againB Movement in a cycleC Return to originalD Return goods中文:什么是再循环?(收集、处理和再使用)3: Reverse distribution is the part of ( )A EnvironmentB The EarthC Environmental logisticsD sales中文:反向分销是什么的一部分?(环保物流)4: Returned logistics is the goods flow ( )A Form sellers to buyersB From buyers to sellersC From outside to inside of any companyD From wholesalers to retailers中文:回收物流是什么样的一种流程?(买方到供方)5: Customers return the product because of ( )A QuantityB QualityC Quality ControlD Quality unqualified中文:客户退回的产品是因为什么?(质量不合格)ESSY5(p75)1. water transport is the ( ) way of shipping bulk and low price goods.A Most inexpensiveB Save moneyC low costD Economically中文:水路运输是运送经济地、大体积且低价格的货物。
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(一)After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier (seller) to the customer (buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilitied and equipment (logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.Three major functions of logistics1. Creating time value: same goods can be valued differently at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.2. Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.Distribution processing V alue: sometime logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thi ckness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “cutting into smaller parts “ is the most commonly seen distribution processing form. Most processing within logistics create added value for goods.见P651. What is the meaning “cost-effective”? ( )A. Cost reducedB. EconomicallyC. Cost evaluateD. To add cost答案.B2. ( ) creates time valueA. TransportationB. Good flowC. Different locationD. Storage3. What is the same meaning of location value? ( )A. Different valueB. Different value of same goods at the different placesC. Different goodD. Different value of different goods at the same place答案.B4. What is the distribution processing value? ( )A. DistributionB. ProcessingC. Sales and processingD. Changing the length, thickness and the package of the goods答案. B5. The distribution process value is available in all logistics activities. Is it correct or not? ( )A. BothB. Y esC. NotD. Not clear答案.CAn increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and ownership. This trend should continue. With such expansion there is a need to develop worldwide logistics networks. Integrated logistics management and cost analysis will be more complex and difficult to manage.There are some future trends in internationalization:1. More logistics executives with international responsibilities.2. Expansion of the number and size of foreign trade zones.3. Reduction in the amount of international paperwork and documentation.4. More foreign warehousing is owned and controlled by the exporting firm.5. Increasing number of smaller firms.6. Foreign ownership of logistics service firms, e.g., public warehousing and transportation carriers.7. Increasing multiple distribution channels.The international transport and the international logistics are same things in some way. So, when the international trading involved, the firm must establish international logistics systems to provide the products and services demanded. The most significant development in international logistics will be the increasing sophistication information system adopted and independent departments to operate.见P681. What is the subject of the paragraph? ( )A. The international tradeB. The international transportC. The international logisticsD. International economy答案.C2. What is the same meaning of “Internationalization”? ( )A. NationalizationB. GlobalizationC. IntegrationD. Standardization答案.B3. What is the meaning of trend? ( )A. General directionB. Developing roadC. WayD. Path答案.A4. The international transport and the international logistics are same. Is it correct or not? ( )A. Not mention in the paragraphB. Not clearC. WrongD. Right答案.D5. The international trade needs the ( ) to fulfill its transaction.A. TrucksB. LogisticsC. ShipsD. Aircrafts答案.B(三)The characters of modern logistics are huge quantity, quick response and globalization. In order to meet the needs, information technology has become the brain to control them.Bar code, POS, EDI, GPS and internet are the main choices for the operation of logistics. Bar code system can get the goods information fast and exactly. By the data processing unit, POS system can check the inventory of warehouse at any time. When the super center adopts POS system, it can check the sales record, inventory even cash flow easily. EDI is a magic tool that can translate your documents into electronic data, sent it to your partner in any location by cable. In this way, we don’t need to make deal face-to-face. revise the documents, declare to customs before the shipments arrived, and more. Now, EDI is the most essential information tool for international trade and logistics. All of information tools are based on internet. In today’ s society, the organs of commercial and government, schools, even individual can make E-commerce with internet. So, Internet is the greatest revolution to influence the mankind.1. Information technology can help the operation of the logistics, but can’t change its future.Is it correct or not? ( )A. CorrectB. WrongC. In limited wayD. The role is not decided答案.B2. EDI is the core of information technology used in international trade and transportation.Is it a fact? ( )A. CorrectB. WrongC. Not mentionedD. Not clear答案.A3. What is the meaning of “magic tool” in the paragraph? ( )A. V isibleB. InvisibleC. NetD. Y ou can’t image it.答案.D4. What is most important information technology in the logistics? ( )A. Bar CodeB. DOSC. EDID. GPS答案.C5. Why is the Internet a great revolution? ( )A. The newest scientific and technology inventionB. The most advanced technologyC. The valuable toolD. Helping the mankind greatly答案.D(四)If a shipper has a strict arrival and departure requirements, railroads are at a competitive disadvantage compared to motor carriers. Some of this disadvantage may be overcome through combined transport, which offers the economy of rail movement linked with the flexibility of trucking. Truck trailers are delivered to the rail terminals, where they are loaded on flatbed railcars. At the destination terminal they are off-loaded and delivered to the consignee-the customer whoreceivers the shipment.An additional area in which railroads suffer in comparison to motor carriers is equipment availability. Railroad lines use each other’s cars, and at times this equipment may not by located where it is most needed. Railcars may be unavailable because they are being loaded, unloaded, moved within railroad sorting yards, or undergoing repair. Other cars may be standing idle or lost within the vast rail network. A number of developments in the rail industry have helped to overcome some of these utilization problems. Advances have included: computer routing and scheduling; the upgrading of equipment, roadbeds, and terminals; improvements in railcar identification systems; and the use of unit trains, cars owned or leased by the shipper; and dedicated through-train service between major metropolitan areas (nonstop shipments of one or a few shippers’ products). Railroads own approximately 80 percent of their car fleet. The remaining 20 percent are either leased or owned by shippers.见P741. The disadvantages of rail transport compared with motor carrier is ( )A. CostB. SpeedC. Lost and damage ratiosD. Transit time and frequency of service答案.D2. The disadvantage above mentioned can be overcome by ( )A. Combined transportB. More frequencyC. Fast trainD. More flexible答案.A3. The advantage of rail transport are ( A )A. Great amount of shippedB. Less damage ratioC. Fast speed、exact schedule、cost savedD. Direct shipping line答案.A4. Railroads own about ( ) of their car fleetA. HalfB. 80%C. 20%D. Not mentioned答案.D5. What is the meaning of Metropolitan areas? ( )A. Around the cityB. City itselfC. The area near the cityD. Big city and its neighbor area答案.D(五)Inventory can serve two basic functions:1. To provide a reserve for production and sales.2. To get the price discount by purchasing a large quantities.Inventory may be raw materials for the factory or finished products for the wholesaler and retailer. Most of inventory is placed in warehouse. Usually, three warehouses are available:1. Private warehouse. A private warehouse is owned and operated by a company. It is convenient to the owner who can store and process easily. For most factories and big traders, they often have large or small warehouse, more or less space to store goods.2. Public warehouse. Public Warehouse is developing for the Third Part Logistics and offers special services, including package and arrangement of delivery. Public warehouse has advantage of better service and lower cost than private one by its specialized equipment and marketing share.3. Contract warehouse. This kind of warehouse is formed and depended on the relation between the suppliers and customer.When buyer purchases goods, they don’t often ship it at the same time and store at the sellers’ warehouse. Warehouse equipment consists of folk lift truck, stacker, good shelf and conveyor, etc.1. Inventory is the same as warehouse. Is it true or not? ( )A. Sometime yesB. NotC. No relation between themD. Different goods at different place答案.B2. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of inventory which are ( )A. GoodsB. MaterialsC. Materials and productsD. Raw materials and finished products答案.D3. Public warehouse is most efficient. What is your opinion? ( )A. Depend on the situationB. Y esC. NotD. Not comparable答案.A4. Usually, contract warehouse doesn’t need to pay. Is it correct or not? ( )A. Y esB. NotC. It didn’t mention it.D. Sometime yes, sometime not.答案.C5 What is the equipment of warehouse?()A. ToolsB. Tools for handling, loading and unloadingC. Forklift truckD. Forklift truck and goods shelf答案.D(六)Managers in the last two decades have witnessed a period of change unparalleled in the history of the world, in terms of advances in technology, globalization of markets and stabilization of political economies. With the increasing number of “world-class” competitors both domestically and abroad, organizations have had to improve their internal processes rapidly in order to stay competitive. In the 1960s and 1970s, companies began to develop detailed market strategies, which focused on creating and capturing customer loyalty. Organizations also realized that strong engineering, design and manufacturing functions were necessary in order to support these market requirements. Design engineers had to be able to translate customer needs into product and service specifications, which then had to be produced at a high level of quality and at a reasonable cost. As the demand for new products escalated in the 1980s, manufacturing organizations wererequired to become increasingly flexible and responsive to modify existing products and processes or to develop new ones in order to meet ever-changing customer needs. As manufacturing capabilities improved in the 1990s, managers realized that material and service input from suppliers had a major impact on their organization’s ability to meet customer needs. This led to an increased focus on the supply base and the organization’s sourcing strategy. Mana gers also realized that producing a quality product was not enough. Getting the products to customers when, where , how, and in the quantity that they want, in a cost-effective manner, constituted an entirely new type of challenge. More recently, the era o f the “Logistics Renaissance” was also born, recreating a whole set of time-reducing information technologies and logistics network aimed at meeting these challenges.As a result of these changes, organizations now find that it is no longer enough to manage their organizations. They must also be involved in the management of to manage their organizations. They must also be involved in the management of the network of all upstream firms that provide inputs (directly or indirectly), as well as the network of downstream firms responsible for delivery and after-market service of the product to the end customer. From this realization emerged the concept of the “supply chain”.见P781. When did the great changes take for the world economy?A. 1970B. Last 20 years or moreC. Last centuryD. Long time ago答案.B2. What is the meaning of “customer loyally”?A. The most important customers for any firmB. Loyal to companyC. The customers to buy a lotD. The long term customers答案.D3. What is the meaning of “Logistics Renaissance”?A. Logistics began a new periodB. Logistics is rebornC. Logistics has taken economic functions much more beforeD. Logistics is developing答案.A4. What is the meaning of “Upstream” for supply chain?A. CustomersB. SuppliersC. BuyersD. A and B答案.B5. What is the meaning of “Downstream” for supply chain?A. CustomersB. SuppliersC. SellersD. B and C答案.A6. ( ) is the place to store the goods imported or in transit, without p aying duty under custom’s supervision.A. Boned warehouseB. Exported warehouseC. Imported warehouseD. Customs warehouse(七)All over the world, more and more ocean freights are carried out with containers. This trend will continue because containerized shipment offers so many advantages. Among them are:1. Economy. Overall transportation costs can be reduced by the container shipment. In the case of general cargo of 10,000 tons, it takes 48 hours to load and unload, but for the container ship of 35,000 tons, only 6-8 hour needed to load and unload.2. Safety. The cargo can be handled in any weather and is efficiently protected from theft and damage, because it is completely enclosed.3. Large scale. Container ship has become giant from 10,000 tons in 1970 to 100,000 tons, now it continues to grow bigger and bigger.There are two kinds of containers, 20’ and 40’, mostly adopted. 20’ container is called TEU, Twenty-feet Equivalent Unit, and standard container. One 40’ container is equals two20’s.Containers are used in ocean, railway and highway transportation. In recent years, many container terminals have been established. The continental bridge transport is introduced to load containers by trains. The road transportation follows this trendency, the tractors pull the container with the speed in 100 km per hour in highway.1. What is container shipment? ( )A. To load goods in containerB. Container is only choice for transportation.C. Containerized transportationD. Container ship, container train and container track答案.2. What is containerization shipment? ( )A. To load goods in containerB. Container is only choice for transportation.C. Containerized transportation.D. Container ship, container train and container track3. Only 20’ and 40’ container are available. Is it a fact? ( )A. CorrectB. WrongC. Not mentionedD. I don’t know答案. B4. 20’ container is standard container. Is it true or not? ( )A. Y esB. NotC. It is old conceptD. It is new kind of container答案.A5. Container ships need the container terminal to load and unload goods. Is it correct or not? ( )A. CorrectB. WrongC. DependD. No mention答案.A(八)Now, we discuss the relation between the international trade and logistics. As you know, trading involves several steps:1. Making deal. In this stage, the buyer and seller should negotiate the price of the goods, the way to pay, finally sign the contract.2. Payment. It is a core step in the tra ding. General speaking, buyers can’ t pay to sellers directly. They usually ask their bank to write the Letter of Credit (L/C) to the sellers. L/C is the promise to pay from the buyer, transferred to sellers’ band under the conditional articles.3. Transportation. After receiving qualified L/C, the seller begins to deliver the goods. Then transportation takes the main place of the trading. So, international transportation is similar word to international logistics. Logistics can move the commodities form one country to another with ships, trucks and air. Logistics may fix the cost of transportation to the trading partners with the terms of FOB and CIF. FOB means the deal price without insurance and freight. CIF contains cost of goods, insurance and freight. Transportation as the main function of the logistics has the very close relationship with foreign trade.4. Customs clearance and Inspection. In the final step, logistics helps customers and customs in two ways, on one hand, arrangement of goods to be cleared on the other, handing in the documents to be examined.1. There is not close relationship between international trade and logistics. Is it correct?A. CorrectB. WrongC. This is not main topic in the page.D. I don’t know答案.B2. What is contract? ( )A. PaperB. ArrangementC. Arrangement by both sides of dealD. Memo答案.C3. L/C is a letter from buyer to seller. Is it true or not?A. TrueB. Y esC. CorrectD. Wrong答案. A4. What does the customs do? ( )A. Inspecting goods and collecting dutyB. Government organC. Collecting taxD. Inspecting commodities答案.D5. Does the author talk about the transportation equipment? ( )A. Y esB. NOC. Only a littleD. Dropping a hint答案.B(一)BDBBC (二)CBADB (三)BADCD(四)DAADD (五)BDACD (六)BDABAA (七)XDBAA(八)BCADB。