主谓一致讲解与练习答案优选稿

主谓一致讲解与练习答

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主谓一致

【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】

根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：

1. 语法一致的原则

2. 意义一致的原则

3. 邻近一致的原则

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。

一、语法形式一致的原则

即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：

1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单

数。

例句：What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。

How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。

[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数。

例如：What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。

What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。

【考例】As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]

A. go

B. goes

C. going

D. went

[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。

2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。

例句：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。

Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。

1）并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and 后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。

Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。

2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no， each， every或many a ，more than one 修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。

Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。

More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。

[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。例如：There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。

【考例】 Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]

A. is planted

B. was planted

C. are planted

D. were planted

[解析] every year说明本句表示一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义,答案：C

3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with，as well as， like， but，except， besides，including，no less than，rather than，as much as，more than，along with，in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。

例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.

Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。

No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。

4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。

Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。