英语专业四级作文写作技巧

给定观点型真题
• 2008年真题：
The Benefits for Volunteering
• 2003年真题：
The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood
• 2001年真题：
Travel Broadens the Mind
• 2000年真题：
The Importance of Extracurricular Activities
对比选择型的 Advantage/Disadvantage题型真题
• 1999年真题：
A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Televison
• 1995年真题：
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Part-time Jobs
三.提纲式作文的三大类型
按照话题的性质，提纲式作文可分为三个类型： 对比选择型 给定观点型 自由发挥型
三大命题类型各自的特点
• 对比选择型： 对比选择型的题目，在提出一个话题后，通常给 出有关这个话题的两种观点或两种选择，然后要 求考生分析对比两个观点或两种选择的优缺点， 从二者中选出一种作为自己作文的论点，并论证 其正确性。 (Advantage/Disadvantage型; A/B型; Yes/No型)
Definition of a good composition
It contains something interesting and /or important ,and if possible ,something new, to say and that this “something” is expressed clearly ,accurately , and appropriately.
1.3谋篇
• 谋篇有助于考生理清思路，合理安排作文结构和写作时间， 以避免出现漏洞，造成无可挽回的后果。 谋篇阶段要把想法组织成一个篇章规划。通常把列出的细 节进行归类，看看哪些材料放在第一段，哪些材料放在第 二段，哪些省去不用。有时作文会给出简单的提纲，此时 可以把他们扩展成完整的句子，这样既得到了完整的提纲， 同时又有了各个段落的主题句。另外，还要注意，因为时 间有限，所以草拟提纲时不必太正式，只要列出要点，理 清结构，自己能看懂就可以了。
Which we ought to have done; and we have done those things which we ought not to have done.” A man’s home is no longer his castle; it is no longer a place away from urgent tasks because the telephone breaches the walls with imperious demands. The momentary appeal of these tasks seems irresistible and important, and they devour our energy. But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall the important tasks pushed aside. We realize we’ve become slaves to the “tyranny of the urgent.”
三大命题类型各自的特点
• 自由发挥型：
自由发挥型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，可能 会提供一些大家对此话题的观点和看法，要求考 生通过利用已给的材料做出自己的分析，然后发 挥想象力，提出并论证自己的观点。题目对考生 的观点不做限定，只要不离开给出的话题即可。 考生既可以从题目给出的观点中选一个作为自己 的观点，也可以自己提出一个题目没有提供的想 法。
来自百度文库
Example: Tyranny of the Urgent
Have you ever wished for a thirty-hour day ? Surely this extra time would relieve the tremendous pressure under which we live .Our lives leave a trail of unfinished tasks .Unanswered letters , unvisited
• 2007年真题：
Is It Wise to Make Friends Online?
• 1997年真题：
More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (or Does not) Good to Us
三大命题类型各自的特点
• 给定观点型：
给定观点型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，同时 也给定了关于这个话题的一种观点，要求考生以 这个给定的观点作为作文的论点进行论证。这种 类型作文的关键是如何能够很好地论证给定的观 点。
二.专四作文中常用的过渡词
• 构成时间关系的过渡词有：first, in the first place, since then, thereafter, therefore, lately, later, meanwhile, at last等。 • 构成空间关系的过渡词有：before, behind, below, between, beyond, farther, in front of, near to, next to, over, under, up, close to等。
Analysis
• This piece of writing is about something we are always confronted with . Also it is a well-organized argumentative essay. Each paragraph has its central theme . With the paragraph itself , the author use parallel structures ,metaphor and repetition to connect the sentence, meanwhile , to stress the author’s standpoint and make it eye-catching. • The ideas are expressed clearly , accurately and appropriately. The writer begins the essay by explaining that the prolongation of time can not really help relieve people of the pressure. The he justifies the argument that the pressure in our life originates from the mishandled problem of priorities .In the concluding paragraph ,the writer points out that we are slaves to “the tyranny of the urgent.” • We can see that the author’s purpose is to tell people not to let the tyranny of the urgent overwhelm the important tasks . With excellent sentences , we are more likely to be impressed .
自由发挥型真题
• 2005年真题：
My Idea of a University Art Festival
• 2002年真题：
The Best Way to Stay Healthy
• 1998年真题：
One Way to Solve the Problem（现代交通工具已成为城市 空气污染的一个主要来源）
•
主论点+分论点+各分论点的论据
1.4写作
• 关键：有限的语言是否言之有物，表达是否切题 且有力度。 • 要点：在首段写出有气势的开篇句。 注意中间拓展段和结论段的段首句和层 次感。 写出有特色的片尾结束句。 注意笔迹工整。
1.5修改定稿
• 润饰语言文字；纠正明显的语法和拼写等 低级错误。
英语专业四级作文写作技巧
一.专四作文写作的整体思路：五步走
• • • • • 审题 联想 谋篇 写作 修改定稿
1.1审题
• 审题即仔细审读题目内容，弄清楚题目的要求。 审题的过程中要找到关键词和短语。 • 情景/现象（题目内容）+问题（关键词和短语）
1.2联想
• 审题完成，确定文章的中心思想后，接下来就要 在对题目正确认识的基础上进行联想，构思选材。 考生应放开思路，在脑海里找寻与题目有关的信 息材料，比如，听过的类似的故事、新闻、数据、 学习过的文章资料等。 • 联想应：结合实际，从问题出发。
friends ,unwritten articles ,and unread books haunt quiet moments when we stop to evaluate .We desperately need relief.
When we stop to evaluate, we realize that our dilemma goes deeper than shortage of time; it is basically the problem of priorities. Hard work does not hurt us. We all know what it is to go full speed for long hours, totally involved in an important task; the resulting weariness is matched by a sense of achievement and joy. Not the hard work, but doubt and misgiving produce anxiety as we review a month or year and become oppressed by the pile of unfinished tasks. We sense demands have driven us onto a reef of frustration. We confess, quite apart from our sins, “we have left undone those things
二.专四作文中常用的过渡词
• 举例或例证法常用的过渡词有：for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, to illustrate, one example is, to begin with, first, second, furthermore, besides, in addition, moreover, finally, in conclusion, in summary, also, a case in point, as an illustration, namely, that is等。
二.专四作文中常用的过渡词
• 比较和对比法常用的过渡词有：like, likewise, unlike, similarly, in the same way, on the other hand, compare with, by comparison, in contrast to, on the contrary, but, yet, instead, while, whereas, however, nevertheless, although, even though, conversely ,different from, equally important, in spite of, instead, in the same manner, still等。
• 2004年真题：
Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?
• 1996年真题：
The Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School Life
对比选择型的Yes/No题型真题
• 2010年真题：
Should College Students Hire Cleaners?
三. 提纲式作文的三种类型
• 提纲式作文的基本特点：
提纲式作文为考生提供了明确的英文题目与一个简单的 写作提纲，将考生的写作控制在一定范围内。它要求考生 紧扣题目主题，并根据提纲提供的思路和要点展开段落。 由于提供的写作提纲一般分为提出论点，论证或描述论点 和总结全文三个部分，所以考生必须按照三段式作文将简 单的提纲扩展为主题句，再按照主题句作文的写作方法进 行写作。
• 1994年真题 TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?
对比选择型的A/B题型真题
• 2009年真题：
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?
• 2006年真题：
Saving Money or Using Tomorrow's Money?