(完整版)新概念英语第二册笔记-第52课

Lesson 52 A pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯
【Text】
What is the writer's carpet made of?
We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
【课文翻译】
我们刚刚搬进一所新房子，我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午。

我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐，但这并不容易，因为我有1，000多本书。

更糟糕的是房间还非常小，所以我暂时把书放在了地板上。

这会儿，书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了，我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的。

几分钟前，我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬上了楼。

她走进我的房间，当她看到地板上的那些书时，大吃一惊。

“这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯，”她说。

她盯着“地毯”看了一会儿，又说：“你根本用不着书橱，空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯！
【New words and expressions】（4）
temporarily adv. 暂时地inch n. 英寸（度量单位）
space n. 空间actually adv. 实际上
一．单词讲解：
★temporarily adv. 暂时地
temporary adj. 暂时的, 临时的n. 临时工
←→permanent ['pə:mənənt] adj. 永久的, 持久的n. <口> 烫发
temporary arrangement 临时性安排
temporary employment [经] 临时职工, 临时工作
eg：That is only a temporary solution to the problem.
temporarily adv. 暂时地, 临时地
eg：I temporarily put my books on the floor. 我暂时把书放在了地板上
impermanent [im'pə:mənənt] adj. 暂时的, 非永久的
★inch n. 英寸（度量单位）
变化形名复inches 变化形动变inched inched inching
foot n.脚，足；英尺；最下部，底部（1 foot ＝12 inches）
eg：My foot ！去你的！胡说！
on foot 步行
put one’s foot in one’s mouth 祸从口出、说错话
inch n.英寸；少量，短距离v.(使)缓慢地移动
eg：Don’t move an inch . 不要乱动
by inches 险些、差一点
eg：The car missed my dog by inches . 差几英寸就撞上我的狗
every inch
⑴整个地方
eg：The police examined every inch of the hose .
警方为寻找线索彻底检查了整所房子
eg：Search every inch of a room. 搜遍了整间屋子
⑵完全、不折不扣、彻头彻尾
eg：He looked every inch a gentleman . 他看上去完全是正人君子. give sb an inch and he’ll take a mile . 得寸进尺
★space n. 空间
同义词extent, expanse, measure, dimension
反义词time 变化形名复spaces
变化形动变spaced spaced spacing
⑴outer space太空, 外层空间
⑵（c）空白、空隙、空地
The spaces between words 字与字之间的空隙、字间距
eg：Is there a space for my car ？是否有空间，停我的车？
⑶（u）空地方，空处room
eg：There isn’t much space left for your luggage .
剩下的地方不太够你放行李的
eg：The table takes up too much space . 这张桌子占地方太多。

＝The table takes up too much room.
space / room / place / seat 房间、建筑物、车辆等中可容纳人或物的范围space / room 不确定的范围，可容纳下某物或符合某目地的范围
space （c）/（u）
room （u）
place / seat （c）具体空处，通常指座位
eg：We’ll try to get places . 我们要设法弄到座位.
seats at the front of the theatre 剧场前排好座位
★actually a dv. adv. 实际上, 事实上adv. 居然, 竟然（表示惊讶）
＝real
an actual happening 一件真实事情
the actual conditions 实际情况
eg：The actual cost was much more than we had expected.
实际成本远远超过我们的预期
eg：What were your actual words ？
eg：His actual age is 45 , not 25 . 他的实际年龄是45，不是25
actually adv. 事实上；实际上
⑴in fact , really
eg：Actually speaking , I d on’t like your pictures .
其实来说，我不喜欢你的照片
eg：What do you actually mean ？你实际上是什么意思？
eg：He looked calm , but actually he was very nervous .
他看起来平静，但实际上他很紧张
⑵真的；竟然
eg：That big-bodied Tom actually fainted at the scene.
大个子汤姆，竟然晕倒在现场
二．Key structures：
现在完成进行时have / has + been + 现在分词
1. 含有since 和for 短语的句子，既可以用现在完成进行时表达，也可以用现在完成时表达，但前者比后者更为生动。

eg：It has been raining hard since yesterday and it is still raining .
eg：It has rained for six weeks. 雨下了六个星期了
2. 现在完成时→表是经验，动作已经完成或强调一个结果
现在完成进行时→表示动作的连续性，动作还在进行中间，翻译成”一直…”。

eg：He has been staying at this hotel for the last three weeks .
他过去的三个星期一直住在这家酒店
eg：He has never stayed at this hotel before .
他从来没有住过这家酒店
3.表达某件事做了多少次，或者做了多少件事的时候，
只能用现在完成时（○），
而不能用现在完成进行时（×）
eg：I have read Oliver Twist five times . 我已阅读雾都孤儿五次了
eg：I have been reading Oliver Twist all afternoon .
下午我一直在读雾都孤儿
用刮号中的动词正确形式填空：
‘I have explained （explain）this to you several times already .” said the teacher . “ I hope you have understood （understand）it now .” Then he looked at a little boy at the back of the class.” Have you been listening （listen）, Jones？” he asked .
“Here is a simple problem ：’Sally has been working / has worked （work）in an office for weeks . In that time , she has eared （earn）￡300 a week . How much has she earned （earn）so far ？, “Please , sir .” Jones answered ：”I can only answer your first question . I have not been listening （not listen）.”
※新东方补充：
现在完成时：have done，表示已完成的动作
现在完成进行时：have been doing，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。

到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。

句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day，all morning等或for和since。

I have read the book. 书已看完
I have been reading the book. 还没看完, 还要继续
表示持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副词短语连用，也可用于以how long开头的疑问句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years.
现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作：
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week.
与段时间连用可以用现在完成时, 也可以用现在完成进行时, 但跟次数连用的, 一定只能用完成时, 不能用现在完成进行时
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock.
【语法精髓】
1、You should go to bed. You (watch) TV for 5 hours.
2、I (write) letters since breakfast.
3、I (write) 3 letters since breakfast.
4、Sorry, but Mr. Smith (leave) for Beijing.
5、I (look) for him everywhere, where can he be?
答案：1、have been watching/have watched
2、having been writing
3、have written
4、has left
和现在完成进行时连用的, 一定不能是次数；和现在完成进行时连用的动词, 一定不能是短暂动词，leave是瞬间动词
5、have been looking 通过“where can he be?” 这句话可知人没找到, 还要继续找
三．课文讲解：
★ We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.
我们刚刚搬进一所新房子, 我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午.
※ hard adj./ adv.
eg：He is a hard worker . eg：He works hard .
类似词：fast
eg：He is a fast driver . eg：He dives fast .
一般而言adj. +ly ＝adv.
eg：He is a careful worker . eg：He works carefully .
eg：She has a beautiful voice . eg：She sings beautifully .
有些副词有两种形式：slow - slowly
eg：He speaks slowly to us . eg：Please speak a bit slower .
high—highly
eg：The plane flew very high .
eg：He thinks very highly of me . 他对我价很高
think highly of sb 对……评价高
deep －deeply
eg：Water will come out if you dig the well deep enough .
eg：They love their country deeply . 他们深深地热爱自己的国家
hard adv 努力地(的)
eg：He worked very hard . 他从非常努力地工作
hardly adv.几乎不，简直不；刚刚，仅仅
He hardly ever does any work . 他几乎不曾做任何工作
late adv. 晚
eg：The train arrived very late . 火车来晚了
lately adv. 最近
eg：Have you traveled by train lately ？最近你有没有搭乘火车？
near adv.近
eg：He made sure it was safe before he went near .
他确信它是安全之前，他才走近
nearly adv. 几乎，差一点
eg：He was nearly run over by a car . 他差一点被车辗过
I have been trying to get my new room in order.
我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐,
※ get sth in order 使有条理
put sth in order （使）整齐
out of order 工作不正常的；不按次序；违反会议规程的、出故障的
This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.
但这并不容易, 因为我有1,000多本书.
※ over ：more than 超出…的
To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.
更糟糕的是房间还非常小, 所以我暂时把书放在了地板上.
※ to make matters worse 插入语，用逗号隔开
类似含意短语有：what’s worse 更糟糕的是
worse than all 最糟糕的是
rather + 名词性短语
eg：The job is rather a bore .
rather 修饰名词时，置于冠词之前。

eg：It was rather a cold day . ＝It was a rather cold day .
名词前有形容词时，rather 可放在不定冠词后。

rather与fairly 区别：
rather →修饰表否定含意的词，或本身为否定的含义。

fairly →修饰表肯定含意的词，或本身为肯定含意
eg：It’s rather warm today . 今天相当热
eg：It’s fairly warm today . 今天相当暖和
rather 可用于比较级too之前而fairly 则不能
eg：I did rather better much this time .
eg：This is rather too much for me .
At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.
这会儿, 书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了, 我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的.
※ at the moment ＝now ＝at present 此刻，目前
※every inch 完全，彻底
A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. 几分钟前, 我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬上了楼.她走进我的房间, 当她看到地板上的那些书时, 大吃一惊.
get a big surprise 大吃一惊
get a shock 大吃一惊
get such a big surprise that
get such a shock that
'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
“这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯,” 她说.
eg：This is one of the ugliest faces that I have ever seen .
eg：This is the most intere sting book I’ve ever read .
She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all.
她盯着“地毯” 看了一会儿, 又说: “你根本用不着书橱,
※ gaze at 凝视
stare at凝视；glare at 怒目而视、瞪着
fix one’s eyes on sth 注视、目不转睛、凝视、把注意力集中在……上
You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯!”
※ carpet n.地毯
rug [rʌg] n.(小)地毯
lay a carpet 铺地毯；on the carpet 训斥
四．Special Difficulties：关于adj. / adv. 的练习
选择正确的词:
1. She dusted the furniture very (careful)(carefully).
2. I hit him very (hardly) (hard) .
3. This exercise is not (hard)(hardly).
4. I got home from work very (lately)(late) last night.
5. I (near)(nearly) missed the bus the this morning.
6. He ran so (fastly)(fast) no one could keep up with him.
7. I can't jump so (highly)(high).
答案：
1. carefully
2. hard
3. hard
4. late
5. nearly
6. fast
7. high
【Special Difficulties】
形容词、相应的副词及其用法：
许多副词，特别是表示方式的副词，皆由形容词加-ly构成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。

一些频度副词也如此构成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。

还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾：high（高的）/highly（高度地），
real（真的）/really（真正的）。

大多数形容词加“ly” 变为副词: 如beautiful－－beautifully，但是不是所有的形容词都可以加ly(asleep)；不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)
有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成，但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奋的，困难的）/hardly（几乎不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（迟到的，晚的）/lately（最近，近来），
near（近的，接近的）/nearly（几乎，差不多，差点儿）。

有些副词有两种形式。

有的意义相同，如cheap（廉价的）/cheaply（廉价地），但有的意义不同如late（迟，晚）/lately（近来），
hard（努力地，猛烈地）/hardly（几乎不）。

late<adj. , adv.> 迟；lately adv. 近来(=recently)
hard<adj. , adv.> 努力地(表示程度深), 困难地(=difficult) ；hardly几乎不
high<adj.>高的，〈adv.>高度地；
highly〈adv.> 高度地(不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)
deep<adj. , adv.> 深的；
deeply 〈adv.> 深度地(不能用尺度测量的, 抽象的)
near<adj. , adv.> 在旁边的；nearly 〈adv.> 几乎, 将近
有些副词在形式上与形容词相同，如fast，past，far等。

大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词前面，表示时间的副词常位于句尾，有时也可位于句首。

程度副词，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它们所修饰的动词之前。

副词修饰动词(walk quickly), 形容词(very beautiful), 副词词性本身(very much), 还可以修饰句子五．Exercise：
1.His room is rather small . It’s b room .
a. a small enough
b. a fairly small 相当小
c. terribly small 少得可怜、极其小的
d. a much smaller 更加小的
2. The writer c bookcases.
a. needn't
b. needs not
c. doesn't need
d. isn't needing
needn’t 情态动词后面不能加动词
need not 实义动词后面不能加not，need 不用进行时态
3. He actually has to walk on them. He can't do c .
a. else
b. different
c. otherwise
d. other
else一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anything else ,anybody else ,who else ,what else等different形容词, 动词后应加副词或名词做宾语, 而不是形容词
other形容词；the other代词
＊otherwise ① conj. 否则, 不然
Hurry up, otherwise you will miss train.
② adj. 另外的, 其他方面的
③ adv. 另外, 否则, 不同地, 别的方式(=differently)
4. In Britain , the best season of the year is probably d spring .
a. later ad.后来a.后面的；新近的；晚年的
b. last a.刚过去的；最后的ad.最后vi.持续
c. latter n.后者a.后者的；后一半的，末了的
d. late a.晚的；晚期的；最近的ad.迟，晚
六．Review：
1. Key structures：现在完成进行时：have / has been doing
eg：I have been working hard all morning .
eg：I have been trying to get my new room in order .
2. Main Points：
every inch 完全，彻底
work hard 一生悬命に働く、勤勉に働く
hard worker 努力工作的人
to make matters worse 让事情更糟
in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间
七．补充内容：谚语：
1. Know which / what side one’s bread is buttered （on）.
知道自己的利益所在，善于为自己打算
2. Let sleeping dogs lie . 别多事,别惹麻烦。