《语言学分支介绍》PPT课件
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Invitations to Linguistics
Language
Design features Functions of Language
Linguistics
Branches of Linguistics Important distinctions in Linguistics
h
1
Invitations to Linguistics
h
2
Design Features
Arbitrariness: the absence of any physical correspondence between linguistic signals and the entities to which they refer.
Duality: the structural organization of language into two abstract levels: meaningful units and meaningless segments.
Language performance: the language actually used by people in speaking or writing.
h
8
Speech Sounds
Phonetics Description and classification of
consonants and vowels
Displacement: the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.
hቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3
Functions of Language
Phatic communion: said of talk used to establish atmosphere or maintain social contact.
Articulatory phonetics: the study of the production of speech sounds, or the study of how speech sounds are produced.
Phonology
Basic concepts: phone, phoneme, allophone Phonological processes: assimilation
Suprasegmentals: syllable, stress, intonation, tone
h
9
Phonetics
Design features: the distinctive features of human language that essentially make human language distinguishable from languages of animals.
Function: the role language plays in communication or in particular social situations.
h
6
Distinctions in Linguistics
Langue: the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.
Parole: the concrete utterances of a speaker.
Diachronic linguistics: the study of language change through time. A diachronic study of language is a historical study, which studies the historical development of language over a period of time.
h
5
Distinctions in Linguistics
Prescriptive: to make authoritarian statement about the correctness of a particular use of language.
Descriptive: to make an objective and systematic account of the patterns and use of a language or variety.
h
7
Distinctions in Linguistics
Language competence: the ideal user’s knowledge of rules of his language, that is , of its sound structure, its words and its grammatical rules. A transformational – generative grammar is a model of language competence.
Metalanguage: a language used for talking about language.
h
4
Distinctions in Linguistics
Synchronic linguistics: the study of a given language at a given time.
Phonetics: the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. It can be divided into three main areas of study articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and perceptual/auditory phonetics.
Language
Design features Functions of Language
Linguistics
Branches of Linguistics Important distinctions in Linguistics
h
1
Invitations to Linguistics
h
2
Design Features
Arbitrariness: the absence of any physical correspondence between linguistic signals and the entities to which they refer.
Duality: the structural organization of language into two abstract levels: meaningful units and meaningless segments.
Language performance: the language actually used by people in speaking or writing.
h
8
Speech Sounds
Phonetics Description and classification of
consonants and vowels
Displacement: the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.
hቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
3
Functions of Language
Phatic communion: said of talk used to establish atmosphere or maintain social contact.
Articulatory phonetics: the study of the production of speech sounds, or the study of how speech sounds are produced.
Phonology
Basic concepts: phone, phoneme, allophone Phonological processes: assimilation
Suprasegmentals: syllable, stress, intonation, tone
h
9
Phonetics
Design features: the distinctive features of human language that essentially make human language distinguishable from languages of animals.
Function: the role language plays in communication or in particular social situations.
h
6
Distinctions in Linguistics
Langue: the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.
Parole: the concrete utterances of a speaker.
Diachronic linguistics: the study of language change through time. A diachronic study of language is a historical study, which studies the historical development of language over a period of time.
h
5
Distinctions in Linguistics
Prescriptive: to make authoritarian statement about the correctness of a particular use of language.
Descriptive: to make an objective and systematic account of the patterns and use of a language or variety.
h
7
Distinctions in Linguistics
Language competence: the ideal user’s knowledge of rules of his language, that is , of its sound structure, its words and its grammatical rules. A transformational – generative grammar is a model of language competence.
Metalanguage: a language used for talking about language.
h
4
Distinctions in Linguistics
Synchronic linguistics: the study of a given language at a given time.
Phonetics: the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. It can be divided into three main areas of study articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and perceptual/auditory phonetics.