外文翻译--注射成型机液压系统

外文翻译--注射成型机液压系统
Injection molding machine hydraulic system
Injection molding machine
Injection molding machine The injection molding machine is a kind of plastic machinery referred to as theinjection molding machine or injection molding machine thermoplastic or thermosetting material the use of plastic mold into various shapes of plastics molding equipment. Injection molding by the injection molding machine and mold.The plastic casts shaper is one kind of heating up the plastic the plasticizing, pours into with the aid of the advancement organization the melting plastic in the mold cavity, after cooling, the stereotypia forms the product the plastic to take shape the processing equipment. It can dispose the different mold, but time takes shape the contour complex product, is in the plastic machinery one of main aircraft types. The plastic injection takes shape already has very many forms. The hydraulic pressure type plastic injection shaper is one of them, it mainly has gathers the mold organization, injects the part, the hydraulic transmission and the plastic casts shaper is one kind of heating up the plastic the plasticizing, pours into with the aid of the advancement organization the melting plastic in the mold cavity, after cooling, the stereotypia forms the product the plastic to take shape the processing equipment. It can dispose the
different mold, but time takes shape the contour complex product, is in the plastic machinery one of main aircraft types. The plastic injection takes shape already has very many forms. The hydraulic pressure type plastic injection shaper is one of them, it mainly has gathers the mold organization, injects the part, the hydraulic transmission and the electricity control system and so on several parts of compositions, but the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic cylinder, each kind of hydraulic valve, the electrical machinery, the electrical part as well as the control measuring appliance are indispensable control part.
Three major components of
(1) clamping components. It is a molded member installation Die. Mainly by fixed templates, dynamic templates clamping mechanism, clamping hydraulic cylinder, ejector device.
(2) injection member. It is a plastics injection molding machine member. Mainly by the feeding device and barrel, screw, nozzle, top plastic device, the injection of hydraulic cylinders, injection seat and its mobile hydraulic cylinders and other components.
(3) hydraulic transmission and electrical control systems installed in the fuselage on the inside and outside the chamber, is the driving force of the injection molding machine and manipulating the control unit.
Mainly composed of hydraulic pumps, hydraulic valves, motors, electrical components, and control instruments.
SZ-250A type plastic injection molding machine are small injection molding machine. Each maximum injection capacity of 250 g. Basis for the
plastic injection molding process, injection molding machine hydraulic drive system should meet the following requirements:
(1) the mold clamping hydraulic cylinder having a sufficiently large clamping force, and its operating speed can be based on the requirements of the the clamping and Kai mold process varies.
In the injection process, the molten plastic is often injected into the cavity to a high voltage of 4 ~ 15 MPa. Thus, the requirements of the mold clamping mechanism having a sufficiently large clamping force, and to ensure that the movable platen and the stationary platen closely bonded. Otherwise, the mold away from the seam will produce the the overflow edges phenomenon of plastic products. To this end, without making the size of the mold clamping hydraulic cylinder is too large, and the pressure is too high, often using the mechanical linkage force increasing mechanism to achieve the clamping and clamping.
In order to shorten the time of air travel, improve productivity, clamping hydraulic cylinder should be fast-moving action template. However, in order to prevent damage to the mold and products, avoid
machine subject to strong vibration and impact-generated noise, but also consider the buffer of mold opening and closing process. Accordingly, the hydraulic cylinder in the mold opening and closing process, the speed of each stage is not the same. Usually slow—fast—slow process of change faster, and fast slow changes.
(2) injection seat overall movement (forward or backward). Forward
with sufficient thrust to ensure that the nozzle is brought into close contact with the mold gate. Further, it should be able to feed at a fixed feed, before feeding, and after three different preform its action to be adjusted.
(3) the pressure and velocity of injection should be capable of adjustment, in order to meet the raw material, different the article geometry and layout of the mold gate and so the size of the injection force requirements, as well as the requirements of the different products on the injection speed.
(4) melt into the cavity after the pressure keeping the cooling, when the cooling and solidification, should be able to cavity supplemental condensing shrinkage desired melt.
In order to shorten the time of air travel, improve productivity, clamping hydraulic cylinder should be fast-moving action template. However, in order to prevent damage to the mold and products, avoid
machine subject to strong vibration and impact-generated noise, but also consider the buffer of mold opening and closing process. Accordingly, the hydraulic cylinder in the mold opening and closing process, the speed of each stage is not the same. Usually slow—fast—slow process of change faster, and fast slow changes.
(5) the pre-molding process can be adjusted. Solidification stage cooling of the melt in the cavity, the plastic particles within the hopper by rotary screw barrel embroiled barrel, and goes on to the nozzle direction continuously. While heating plasticizing, stirring and extruded into the melt. Typically, called the weight of the barrel hourly plasticizing plasticizing capacity, as indicators of the production capacity of the injection molding machine. Premise barrel size to determine the the plasticizing capacity with screw speed. Accordingly, as the plastic melting point, fluidity, and the different products, the screw speed should be adjustable in order to adjust the plasticizing capacity.
(6) the top of the cylinder speed is adjustable. Products during the cooling after molding, demolding the ejector, in order to prevent product damage, requiring top of the smooth motion, and the speed of the top of the cylinder should be able, depending on the product shape which can be adjusted.
Working Principle
The working principle of injection molding machine and injection syringe, it is with the thrust of the screw (or plunger), the plasticizing good molten state (ie, viscous flow state), the plastic injected into the mold cavity closed good After curing stereotypes made the process of the products. Injection molding is a cyclical process, with each cycle including: dosing - molten plastics - to put pressure injection - filling Cooling - Kai-mode pickup. Remove the plastic parts and then re-closed mode, the next cycle. Injection molding machine operating items: injection molding machine operating projects including the control keyboard operation, the operation of electrical control system and hydraulic systems operating in three aspects. Separate action of the injection process, feeding action, injection pressure, injection speed, the top choice of the type, barrel temperature of each monitor, injection pressure and back pressure regulation. Screw injection molding machine molding process: First, granular or powdered plastic in the machine barrel, through which the screw rotates and the outer wall of the barrel, heating the plastic to become molten state, then the machine before clamping and injection shift, so that the nozzle closely aligns the mold gate Road, then the oil pressure to the injection cylinder Walter, screw forward to high pressure and a faster speed will melt into the closed mold temperature is low , after a certain period of time and pressure to keep
(also known as pressure), cooling, curing, the mold can be opened to remove the products (the purpose of holding pressure to prevent the reflux of the melt in the mold cavity, supplementary material to the mold cavity, and to ensure that products have a certain density and dimensional tolerances). The basic requirements of the injection molded plastics, injection and molding. The plasticizing premise to achieve and guarantee the quality of the molded part, to meet the requirements of forming, injection must ensure there is enough pressure and speed.The same time, due to the high injection pressure, the corresponding cavity to produce a high pressure (average pressure of the cavity is generally between 20 ~ 45MPa), so there must be large enough clamping force. Thus, the injection unit and clamping devices are key components of the injection molding machine. Mainly in three aspects of the evaluation of plastic products, and the first appearance of quality, integrity, color, luster; the second is between the size and relative position accuracy; the third is to use the corresponding physical properties, chemical properties,electrical properties. These quality requirements are also different according to the different products using the occasion to require the scale. Defects of products is that the mold design, manufacturing precision and wear. In fact, the technical staff of the plastic processing plants often suffer from the face of technology means to compensate for the problems brought about by the mold defects but not the effectiveness
of a difficult situation. Regulation of technology in the production process is the essential way to improve product quality and yield. Injection cycle is very short, if the process conditions are handled badly, the waste will be an endless supply. Adjustment process when the best time to change a condition to observe a few times, pressure, temperature, time, all with the tone, it could easily lead to confusion and misunderstanding, a problem do not know what reason. Measures to adjust the process, means, in many ways. Example: solving products Note dissatisfaction there is more than a dozen possible solutions to choose to address the crux of the problem, two major programs, in order to really solve the problem. In addition, attention should be paid to the dialectical relationship between the solution. Such as: products the depression, sometimes to raise he melt temperature, sometimes to reduce the melt temperature; sometimes to increase the quantity, and sometimes to reduce the feeding amount. To recognize the reverse feasibility of measures to solve the problem.
The plastic injection shaper takes shape the cycle quickly by it, to each kind of plastic processing compatible, the size is precise as well as the automaticity higher merit, obtained the widespread use.
The injection molding machine working principle is: the granular plastic through a hopper into auger screw rotation, the material to move forward, while the outer screw are equipped with an electric heater, and the the plastic melted mucus state, before this, the mold clamping
mechanismthe mold has been closed, when a certain pressure of the material in front of the propeller, the injection of the liquid feed high pressure rapidly injected into the mold cavity mold holding pressure cooling to a certain period of time after the molding of plastic products bythe ejection mechanism Ejection, thus completing a working cycle.
The work cycle of the injection machine as:
Spotting→ injection →Holding pressure→ cooling →Mold → Ejection
→ The screw preplastication feed
Clamping action is divided into: Quick clamping slow clamping clamping. Clamping time is longer, this time until the mold clampingstage.
Use and the status quo
The injection molding machine has a complex shape, size, precision, or
with metal inserts, texture, dense plastics molding, widely used in defense, electromechanical, automotive, transportation, building materials, packaging, agriculture, culture, education, health and people daily life in various fields. China's plastics processing enterprises Xing Luo cloth across the country, the skill levels of the equipment, the equipment of most of the processing enterprises need technological innovation. In
recent years, China's press industry's technological progress is very significant, especially the gap between the technological level of the injection molding machine with foreign brand names is greatly reduced, and made a significant change in the level of
control, internal quality and appearance. Select the domestic equipment, a smaller investment, also can produce the quality of imported equipment products. These create the conditions for the technological transformation of enterprises. , China Injection Molding Machine Development of China's production of injection molding machine manufacturers more, according to incomplete statistics, more than 60. The structure of the injection molding machine with vertical and horizontal. Press to produce the products can be divided into common type and precision injection molding machine. An injection volume of 45-51000g; 200-36000kN The clamping force; processing raw materials, thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics and rubber three. Thermoplastics, including polystyrene, olyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyurethane, polycarbonate, acrylic, polysulfone and (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene) copolymer (ABS). From the processed products, monochrome, color and general and precision plastic products. Of the major manufacturers of these products has its own series, each with its own characteristics. Such as Guangdong Chen De Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. Jie tyrants CJ Series injection molding machine for each specification are
two forms of numerical control and computer control. Again, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Haitian Machinery Co., Ltd. the production HTF80X-HFT3600X series injection molding machine can be used for the production of various high-precision thermal plastic, the machine uses linear movement sensors to control the injection mold, ejector, using multiple CPU power control systems, large format color LED display, automatic control of the entire computer. Ordinary horizontal injection molding machine is still the dominant direction of the injection molding machine, its basic structure is almost no major changes in addition to continue to improve its control and level of automation,
reducing energy consumption, manufacturers according to market changes is the combination of series direction as a model of the injection molding machine configuration, the small three injection device, a combination of standard and combination, increase flexibility, expanding the scope of use, and improve economic efficiency. ? In recent years, industrial countries in the world of injection molding machine manufacturer in the continuous improvement of the supporting capacity of the function, quality of ordinary injection molding machines, auxiliary equipment, as well as the level of automation. Vigorously develop the development of large injection molding machines, injection molding machines, reaction injection molding machines and precision injection molding machines to meet the production of plastic alloys, magnetic
plastic, with the demand for plastic products inserts. The injection molding machine is one of the fastest, the gap between the level of industrial countries small presses varieties of the pace of development in China's plastics machinery. But mainly refers to the ordinary injection molding machine, in most varieties of extra large, a variety of special, dedicated, precision injection molding machine, and some still blank, which is the main gap with industrial countries
Key word: Plastic injection shaper, hydraulic system, hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic valv.
注射成型机液压系统
注射成型机
注射成型机是塑料机械的一种，简称注射机或注塑机，是将热塑性塑料或热
固性料利用塑料成型模具制成各种形状的塑料制品的主要成型设备。

注射成型是
通过注塑机和模具来实现的。

塑料注射成型机是一种能将塑料加热塑化，借助推
进机构把熔化的塑料注入模具型腔内，经冷却、定型后形成制品的塑料成型加工
设备。

它能配置不同的模具，可一次成型外形复杂的制品，是塑料机械中主要机
种之一。

塑料注塑成型机有很多型式，液压式塑料成型机就是其中之一，其主要
由合模机构，注射部件，液压传动及电气控制系统等几部分组成，而液压泵，液
压缸、各种液压阀、电机、电气元件以及控制仪表是其中不可缺少的控制元件。

三大组成部分
（1）合模部件。

它是安装模具用的成型部件。

主要由定模板、动模板、合
模机构、合模液压缸、顶出装置等组成。

（2）注射部件。

它是注塑机的塑化部件。

主要由加料装置、料筒、螺杆、
喷嘴、顶塑装置、注射液压缸、注射座及其移动液压缸等组成。

（3）液压传动及电气控制系统它安装在机身内外腔上，是注塑机的动力
和操纵控制部件。

液压阀、主要由液压泵、电气元件及控制仪表等组成。

电动
机、
SZ－250A 型塑料注射成型机属于中小型注塑机。

每次最大注射量为 250 g。

依据塑料注射成型工艺，注塑机液压传动系统应满足下述要求：（1）合模液压缸具有足够大的合模力，其运行速度应能依据合模与启模过程要求而变化。

在注射过程中，熔融塑料常以 4 ~ 15 MPa 的高压注入模腔。

这样，就要求
合模机构具有足够大的合模力，以保证动模板与定模板紧密贴合。

否则，模具离
缝会产生塑料制品的溢边现象。

为此，在不使合模液压缸的尺寸过大和压力过高
的情况下，常常采用机械连杆增力机构来实现合模和锁模。

为了缩短空行程时间，提高生产率，合模液压缸应该快速移动动模板。

但是，
为了防止损坏模具和制品，避免机器受到强烈振动和产生撞击噪声，还要考虑模
具启闭过程的缓冲问题。

因此，液压缸在模具启闭过程中，各阶段的速度是不一
样的。

通常是慢—快—慢的变化过程，而且快慢速变化比较大。

（2）注射座可整体移动（前进或后退）。

前进时具有足够的推力，保证喷嘴
与模具浇口紧密接触。

另外，还应能按固定加料、前加料和后加料三种不同预塑
型式对其动作进行调整。

（3）注射的压力和速度应能调节，以便满足原料、制品几何形状和模具浇口布局不同等对注射力大小的要求，以及不同的制品对注射速度的要求。

（4）熔体注入容腔后要保压冷却，在冷却凝固时，应能向型腔内补充冷凝收缩所需的熔体。

（5）预塑过程可调节。

在型腔熔体冷却凝固阶段，使料斗内的塑料颗粒通
过料筒内螺杆的回转卷入料筒，并且连续向喷嘴方向推移。

同时加热塑化、搅拌
和挤压成为熔体。

通常，将料筒每小时塑化的重量称为塑化能力，作为注塑机生
产能力的指标。

在料筒尺寸确定的前提下，塑化能力与螺杆转速有关。

因此，随
着塑料熔点、流动性和制品的不同，要求螺杆的转速应该可调节，以便调节塑化
能力。

（6）顶出缸速度可调。

制品在冷却成型后，脱模顶出时，为了防止制品受损，要求顶出运动平稳，且顶出缸的速度应能根据制品形状的不同而可调节。

工作原理
注射成型机的工作原理与打针用的注射器相似，它是借助螺杆（或柱塞）的
推力，将已塑化好的熔融状态（即粘流态）的塑料注射入闭合好的模腔内，经固
化定型后取得制品的工艺过程。

注射成型是一个循环的过程，每一周期主要包括：
定量加料—熔融塑化—施压注射—充模冷却—启模取件。

取出塑件后又再闭模，进行下一个循环。

注射成型机操作项目：注塑机操作项目包括控制键盘操作、电器控制系统操作和液压系统操作三个方面。

分别进行注射过程动作、加料动作、注射压力、注射速度、顶出型式的选择，料筒各段温度的监控，注射压力和背压压力的调节等。

一般螺杆式注塑机的成型工艺过程是：首先将粒状或粉状塑料加入机筒内，并通过螺杆的旋转和机筒外壁加热使塑料成为熔融状态，然后机器进行合模和注射座前移，使喷嘴贴紧模具的浇口道，接着向注射缸通人压力使螺杆向前推进，从而以很高的压力和较快的速度将熔料注入温度较低
的闭油，合模具内，经过一定时间和压力保持（又称保压）、冷却，使其固化成型，便可开模取出制品（保压的目的是防止模腔中熔料的反流、向模腔内补充物料，以及保证制品具有一定的密度和尺寸公差）。

注射成型的基本要求是塑化、注射和成型。

塑化是实现和保证成型制品质量的前提，而为满足成型的要求，注射必须保证有足够的压力和速度。

同时，由于注射压力很高，相应地在模腔中产生很高的压力（模腔内的平均压力一般在 20~45MPa 之间），因此必须有足够大的合模力。

由此可见，注射装置和合模装置是注塑机的关键部件。

对塑料制品的评价主要有三个方面，第一是外观质量，包括完整性、颜色、光泽等；第二是尺寸和相对位置间的准确性；第三是与用途相应的物理性能、化学性能、电性能等。

这
些质量要求又根据制品使用场合的不同，要求的尺度也不同。

制品的缺陷主要在模具的设计、制造精度和磨损程度等方面。

但事实上，塑料加工厂的技术人员生往往苦于面对用工艺手段来弥补模具缺陷带来的问题而成效不大的困难局面。

产过程中工艺的调节是提高制品质量和产量的必要途径。

由于注塑周期本身很短，如果工艺条件掌握不好,废品就会源源不绝。

在调整工艺时最好一次只改变一个条件，多观察几回，如果压力、温度、时间统统一起调的话，很易造成混乱和误解，调整工艺的措施、出了问题也不知道是何道理。

例如：手段是多方面的。

解决制品注不满的问题就有十多个可能的解决途径，要选择出解决问题症结的二个主要方案，一、才能真正解决问题。

还应注意解决方案中的辨证关系。

此外，比如：制品出现了凹陷，有时要提高料温，有时要降低料温；有时要增加料量，有时要减少料量。

要承认逆向措施的解决问题的可行性。

塑料注射成型机以其成型周期短，对各种塑料的加工适用性强，尺寸较精确以及自动化程度高等优点，得到了广泛应用。

注射成型机的工作原理是：螺杆转动，粒状塑料通过料斗进入螺旋推进器中，
同时螺杆外装有电加热器，将料向前推进，在此之前，而将塑料熔化成粘液状态，
合模机构已将模具闭合，当物料在螺旋推进器前端形成一定压力时，注射机构开
始将液状料高压快速注射到模具型腔之中，给一定时间的保压冷却后开模，把成
型的塑料制品由顶出机构顶出，从而完成了一个工作循环。

注射机的工作循环为：
合模→注射→保压→冷却→开模→顶出→螺杆预塑进料
其中合模的动作又分为：快速合模、慢速合模、锁模。

锁模的时间较长，直
到开模前这段时间都是锁模阶段。

用途和现状
注射成型机具有能一次成型外型复杂、尺寸精确或带有金属嵌件的质地密致的塑料制品，被广泛应用于国防、机电、汽车、交通运输、建材、包装、农业、文教卫生及人们日常生活各个领域。

我国塑料加工企业星罗其布，遍布全国各地，设备的技术水平参差不齐，大多数加工企业的设备都需要技术改造。

这几年来，我国塑机行业的技术进步十分显著，尤其是注塑机的技术水平与国外名牌产品的差距大大缩小，在控制水平、产品内部质量和外观造型等方面均取得显著改观。

选择国产设备，以较小的投入，同样也能生产出与进口设备质量相当的产品。

这些为企业的技术改造创造了条件。

六、我国注射成型机的发展现状。

目前中国生产注塑机的厂家较多，据不完全统计已超过60 家。

注塑机的结构形式有立式和卧式两种。

按生产出的制品可分为普通型和精密型注塑机。

一次注射量45-51000g；锁模力 200-36000kN；加工原料有热固性塑料、热塑性塑料和橡胶三种。

热塑性塑料包括聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、有机玻璃、聚砜及(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)等。

从加工出的制品来看，有单色、双色的一般和精密塑料制品。

上述产品的主要生产厂家都有自己的系列，各有自己的特点。

如广东震德塑料机械厂有限公司生产的
捷霸 CJ 系列注
塑机每一种规格均有数控和电脑控制两种形式。

又如浙江省宁波海天机械有限公
司生产的 HTF80X-HFT3600X 型系列注塑机，可用于生产各种高精密的热性塑料制
品，机器采用线型移动传感器控制注射、合模、顶出，采用多重 CPU 电控系统、大幅面彩色 LED 显示、全电脑自动控制。

普通卧式注塑机仍是注塑机发展的主导
方向，其基本结构几乎没有大的变化，除了继续提高其控制及自动化水平、降低
生产厂家根据市场的变化正在向组合系列化方向发展，如同一型号的注能耗外，塑机配置大、中、小三种注射装置，组合成标准型和组合型，增加了灵活性，扩
大了使用范围，提高了经济效益。

? 近几年来，世界上工业发达国家的注塑机生
产厂家都在不断提高普通注塑机的功能、质量、辅助设备的配套能力，以及自动
化水平。

同时大力开发、发展大型注塑机、专用注塑机、反应注塑机和精密注塑
机，以满足生产塑料合金、磁性塑料、带嵌件的塑料制品的需求。

注塑机是目前
中国塑料机械中发展速度最快、水平与工业发达国家差距较小的塑机品种之一。

但主要指普通型注塑机，在特大型、各种特殊、专用、精密注塑机的多数品种方
面，有的产品尚属空白，这是与工业发达国家的主要差距。

关键词：塑料注射成型机、液压系统、液压泵、液压缸、液压阀。