2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
2018年硕士研究生入学考试管理类专业硕士综合能力真题(
2018年硕士研究生入学考试管理类专业硕士综合能力真题(逻辑)三、逻辑推理:第26~55小题,每小题2分,共60分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
26,人民既是历史的创造者,也是历史的见证者;既是历史的“剧中人”,又是历史的“剧作者”。
离开人民,文艺就会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的躯壳。
关注人民的生活、命运、情感,表达人民的心愿、心情、心声,我们的作品才会在人民中传之久远。
根据以上陈述,可以得出以下哪项?A.只有不离开人民,文艺才不会变成无根的浮萍、无病的呻吟、无魂的驱壳B.历史的创造者都不是历史的“剧中人”C.历史的创造者都是历史的见证者D.历史的“剧中人”都是历史的“剧作者”E.我们的作品只要表达人民的心愿、心情、心声,就会在人民中传之久远27,盛夏时节的某一天,某市早报刊载了由该市专业气象台提供的全国部分城市当天的天气预报,择其内容列表如下:天津阴上海雷阵雨昆明小雨呼和浩特阵雨哈尔滨多云乌鲁木齐晴西安中雨南昌大雨香港多云南京雷阵雨拉萨阵雨福州阴根据上述信息,以下哪项作出的论断最为准确?A.由于所列城市盛夏天气变化频繁,所以上面所列的9类天气一定就是所有的天气类型B.由于所列城市并非我国的所有城市,所以上面所列的9类天气一定不是所有的天气类型C.由于所列城市在同一天不一定展示所有的大气类型,所以上面所列的9类天气可能不是所有的天气类型D.由于所列城市在同一天可能展示所有的天气类型,所以上面所列的9类天气一定是所有的天气类型E.由于所列城市分处我国的东南西北中,所以上面所列9类天气一定就是所有的天气类型28,现在许多人很少在深夜11点以前安然入睡,他们未必都在熬夜用功,大多是在玩手机或看电视,其结果就是晚睡,第二天就会头晕脑涨,哈欠连天。
不少人常常对此感到后悔,但一到晚上他们多半还会这么做。
有专家就此指出,人们似乎从晚睡中得到了快乐,但这种快乐其实隐藏着某种烦恼。
2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
一、中外文化及跨文化交际基础知识(80分)
(一)填空题(26小题,30个空,每空1分,共30分)
1.文字和部分青铜器上的铭文,是现在所知最古的文字。
2.自称“我善养吾浩然之气”,以仁义蔑视君王的富贵。
3.《诗经》传至汉代ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้有齐、鲁、韩、毛四家,现今传世的是《诗》。
19.在人际交往中不论关系远近,中国人喜欢借用________的称呼作为招呼语。
20.价值观与交际是_____________的关系。
21.非言语交际对言语交际的辅助作用包括重复、否定、______、______、强调、调节。
22.霍夫斯蒂德(Hofstede)提出的文化价值观维度中,不确定因素回避(Uncertainty Avoidance)程度____的文化通过________、安全措施以及对于绝对真理的信仰尽力回避各种不确定因素。
13.副语言(Paralanguage)包括沉默、话轮转换和各种非语言声音。()
14.在某个男性指数高的社会中,性别的角色在社会中比较灵活,而且男女之间平等。生活质量占有优先的地位,一个人为了生活而工作,但工作在人们的生活中并非中心。()
15.在印度文化中,印度教徒不吃猪肉。()
(三)简答题(4小题,共35分)
4.《史记》全书由十二本纪、十表、、三十世家、七十组成。
5.鲁迅称《》是一部“名士的教科书”。
6.《》是最早的文人词总集。
7.是金代最重要的诗人,也是杰出的诗论家,有《论诗绝句三十首》。
8.明代中后期思想活跃,兴起,突出了人在道德实践中的主观能动性。
9.是清代影响最大的散文派别。
10.是“文界革命”口号的提出者,也是新文体的成功创造者。
2018 年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类联考综合真题及答案详解
第126页共344页2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解:第1~15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E 五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.学科竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖,比例为1:3:8,获奖率为30%,已知10人获得一等奖,则参加竞赛的人数为().A.300B.400C.500D.550E.6002.为了解某公司员工的年龄结构,按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样,结果如下:男员工年龄(岁)232628303234363841女员工年龄(岁)232527272931根据表中数据估计,该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是(单位:岁)().A.32,30B.32,29.5C.32,27D.30,27E.29.5,273.某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量(单位:GB)费用:每月流量20(含)以内免费,流量20到30(含)的每GB 收费1元,流量30到40(含)的每GB 收费3元,流量40以上的每GB 收费5元.小王这个月用了45GB 的流量,则他应该交费().A.45元B.65元C.75元D.85元E.135元4.如图1,圆O 是三角形ABC 的内切圆,若三角形ABC 的面积与周长的大小之比为1:2,则圆O 的面积为().A.πB.π2 C.π3 D.π4 E.π55.设实数b a ,满足26,233=-=-b a b a ,则=+22b a ().A.30B.22C.15D.13E.106.将6张不同的卡片2张一组分别装入甲、乙、丙3个袋中,若指定2张卡片要在同一组,则不同的装法有().A.12种B.18种C.24种D.30种E.36种7.如图2,四边形1111D C B A 是平行四边形,2222,,,D C B A 分别是1111,,,D C B A 四边的中点,3333,,,D C B A 分别是四边形2222,,,D C B A 的中点,依次下去,得到四边形序列)3,2,1( ,=n D C B A n n n n .设n n n n D C B A 的面积为n S ,且121=S ,则=+++ 321S S S ().A.16B.20C.24D.28E.308.甲、乙两人进行围棋比赛,约定先胜两局者赢得比赛.已知每盘棋甲获胜的概率为0.6,乙获胜的概率为0.4.若乙在第一局获胜,则甲赢得比赛的概率为().A.0.144B.0.288C.0.36D.0.4E.0.69.有96位顾客至少购买了甲、乙、丙三种商品中的一种,经调查:同时购买了甲、乙两种商品的有8位,同时购买了甲、丙两种商品的有12位,同时购买乙、丙两种商品的有6位,同时购买三种商品的有2位.则仅购买一种商品的顾客有().A.70位B.72位C.74位D.76位E.82位10.已知圆C :b a y x =-+22)(.若圆C 在点(1,2)处的切线与y 轴的交点为(0,3),则=ab ().A.-2B.-1C.0D.1E.211.羽毛球队有4名男运动员和3名女运动员,从中选出两对参加混双比赛,则不同的选派方式有().A.9种B.18种C.24种D.36种E.72种12.从标号为1到10的10张卡片中随机抽取2张,它们的标号之和能被5整除的概率为().A.51 B.91 C.92 D.152 E.45713.如图3,圆柱体的底面半径为2,高为3,垂直于底部的平面截圆柱体所得截面为矩形ABCD .若弦AB 所对的圆心角是3π,则截掉部分(较小部分)的体积为().A.3-π B.62-π C.233-π D.332-π E.3-π14.某单位为检查3个部门的工作,由3个部门的主任和外聘的3名人员组成检查组,分2人一组检查工作,每组有1名外聘成员.规定本部门主任不能检查本部门,则不同的安排方式有().A.6种B.8种C.12种D.18种E.36种15.函数{}8,max )(22+-=x x x f 的最小值为().A.8B.7C.6D.5E.4二.条件充分性判断:第16~25小题,每小题3分,共30分。
2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)
A.呋喃,吡咯,噻吩都比苯更容易发生亲电取代反应B.吡咯的碱性比吡啶弱
C.芳香性的顺序是呋喃>吡咯>噻吩D.苯中含有少量噻吩,可用浓硫酸除去
7.以下糖类化合物溶于水后有变旋现象的是()
A.蔗糖B.麦芽糖C.葡萄糖苷D.果糖
8.以下碳负离子稳定性由大到小排序是()
A.a>b>c>dB.d>c>b>aC.c>a>b>dD.b>a>c>d
19.关于乳糖操纵子不正确的选项是〔〕
A、当乳糖存在时可被阻遏B、含三个结构基因
C、CAP是正性调节因素D、阻遏蛋白是负性调节因素
20.肌糖原分解不能直截了当补充血糖的缘故是:〔〕
A、肌糖原分解的产物是乳酸
B、肌肉组织缺乏葡萄糖激酶
C、肌肉组织缺乏葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶
D、肌肉组织缺乏磷酸酶
九、问答题〔共50分〕
15.三羧酸循环提供大量能量是因为经底物水平磷酸化直截了当生成ATP。〔〕
16.ADP的磷酸化作用对电子传递起限速作用。〔〕
17.真核基因的产物多为多顺反子,即一个mRNA包含多个编码基因。〔〕
18.脂肪酸活化为脂酰CoA时,需消耗两个高能磷酸键。〔〕
19.蛋白质生物合成所需的能量都由ATP直截了当供给。〔〕
A、a→a3→b→c1→cB、b→a→a3→c1→c
C、b→c1→c→aa3D、c1→c→b→a→a3
12.位于糖酵解、糖异生、磷酸戊糖途径、糖原合成和糖原分解各条代谢途径交汇点上的化合物是:〔〕
A、6-磷酸果糖B、6-磷酸葡萄糖
C、1,6-二磷酸果糖D、3-磷酸甘油酸
13.以下化合物中哪个不含腺苷酸组分:〔〕
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试法律硕士(法学)专业学位联考专业综合课真题及参考答案
2018 年全国硕士研究生招生考试法律硕士(法学)专业学位联考专业综合课真题及参考答案一、单项选择题:第1~20 小题,每小题 1 分,共 20 分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1. 不同学派关于法的性质有不同理解,对此,下列说法正确的是()A.经济分析法学派认为法律不外乎主权者的命令B.批判法学派认为衡量法律优劣的最主要标准是实施效果C.自然法学派认为法律应与社会主流道德和人性的正义准则保持一致D.历史法学派认为一国的自然环境和政治制度决定着法的内容和性质1.【答案】 C【考点】西方不同法学流派的观点【解析】法律不外乎主权者的命令,是 19 世纪英国法哲学家、分析法学派的创始人约翰·奥斯丁的观点, A 项错误。
社会法学派强调法律实施的效果,认为法律优劣的主要标准是实施效果, B 项错误。
自然法学派主张法是人的理性,强调自然法普遍永恒,且高于人定法,人定法符合自然法时才是真正的法律,人定法应于自然法保持一致,C项正确。
历史法学派认为法是民族精神、民族特性和民族共同意识的体现, D项错误。
2. 关于法律的特征,下列说法正确的是()A.以义务为本位是法律的本质特征B.法律应当由立法机关制定或认可体现了国家意志C.法律具有国家强制性,只能通过司法予以实施和实现D.法律的普遍性意味着在一国之内所有人都应享有相同的法律权利2.【答案】 B【考点】法律的特征【解析】法是以权利和义务为内容的社会规范,具有权利和义务的一致性,法主要是以权利为本位,故 A 项错。
法律由国家制定或认可,从这个意义上看,法律体现国家的意志,故 B 正确。
法的实施包括执法、司法、守法等方式,C项错误。
法的普遍性,是指法所具有的普遍约束力。
它包含两方面的内容:(1)在一国主权范围之内,法律具有普遍效力,所有人都得遵守。
( 2)法律对同样的事和人同样适用,即法律面前人人平等, D项错误。
3. 关于法律关系,下列说法中不正确的是()A.民事法律关系均为相对法律关系B.法律规范是法律关系产生的前提C.在法律关系中主体的权利和义务是现实的D.法律关系是以法律上的权利义务为内容的社会关系3.【答案】 A【考点】法律关系【解析】民事法律关系不仅包括相对法律关系,还包括绝对法律关系,如物权关系与人身权等,故 A 表述错误,应选 A 项。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试《333教育学(统考)》真题
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年教育学333(统考)考研真题答案解析选择题:1.某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重,担心会影响孩子创造力和批判反思能力的发展,决定亲自给孩子上课。
该事例说明学校教育具有()A.正面显性功能B.负面显性功能C.正面隐性功能D.负面隐性功能【参考答案】D2.教育工作需要循序渐进,主要依据的是儿童身心发展的是()A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性【参考答案】D3.对人力资本理论提出质疑,认为教育并不提高人的能力,只是用来区别不同人能力的手段,这种观点属()A.冲突论B.文凭理论C.结构理论D.劳动力市场理论【参考答案】B4.农耕时代教育的目的是强调培养具有一定文化素养的统治者,工业时代兼顾脑力劳动者和体力者的培养。
信息时代更注重创新型人才的培养,这说明教育的目的受限制于()A.文化传统B.生产方式C.教育政策D.教育理论【参考答案】B17.1912年蔡元培在《对于教育方针之意见》中提出五育并举的教育方针,其中超越政治的教育为()A实利主义教育、世界观教育B实利主义教育、军国民教育C世界观教育、美感教育D军国民教育、美感教育【参考答案】C18.20世纪20年代的"工读主义"教育思潮有一派认为,工读就是用自己的劳动延续求学经费而已,不必去理会什么主义,这一派的代表人物是()A周予同B胡适C李大钊D王光圻【参考答案】B19.1928年南京国民政府制定"戊辰学制"的指导原则,对1922年新学制标准进行了调整,特别提出()A"多留各地伸缩余地"B"使教育利于普及"C"根据本国国情"D"谋个性之发展"【参考答案】C20.1929年南京国民政府公布《大学组织法》《大学规程》,规定大学的办学目标是()A研究高深学问,培养专门人才B教授应用科学,培养专门人才C教授应用科学,培养技术人才D研究高深学问,培养技术人才【参考答案】A21.下列选项符合陈鹤琴"活教育"课程思想的()A直接的知识要优于书本知识,故书本知识应予以摒弃B打破学科组织体系,采取活动中心和活动单元的形式C儿童经验固然是重要的,但学科课程体系也不可破坏D打破知识的学科界限,按照儿童的兴趣组织课程内容【参考答案】B22.20世纪30年代初期,梁漱溟在山东邹平、菏泽两县设立乡农学校,开展乡村教育实验,这种乡农学校性质上属于()A农业职校B农民夜校C教育与行政合一的机构D教育与军事合一的机构【参考答案】C23.中国共产党领导下的抗日革命根据地的社会教育以成人教育为核心,其最广泛、最普遍的教育形式是()A工读校B半日校C列宁学校D冬学【参考答案】D24.创设文法、修辞、辩证法科目,为后来七艺成型奠定基础的是()A智者派B柏拉图C亚里士多德D毕德哥拉斯学派【参考答案】A25.古罗马教育家昆体良主张,在雄辩家培养中居于首要位置的是()A高尚品质的培养B雄辩技巧的练习C优雅举止的训练D文雅风度的练习【参考答案】A26.在西欧中世纪骑士教育实践中,以"骑士七技"为主要学习内容的阶段是()A家庭教育B礼文教育C侍从教育D社会教育答案暂无27.17世纪,以爱丁堡大学为代表的苏格兰大学与牛津大学、剑桥大学相比,更重视()(教育学必胜习题库--中世纪大学)A大学自治B教授治校C科学教育D古典教育【参考答案】C28.为十八世纪后期德国泛爱主义教育运动兴起提供直接的思想启蒙和理论指导的是()A卢梭自然主义教育理论B凯兴斯泰纳的公民教育理论C夸美纽斯自然主义教育理论D裴斯泰洛奇要素教育理论【参考答案】A29.依据统觉原理,赫尔巴特提出教学科目设置和教学内容组织的两项基本原理是()A相关与集中B平行与分配C均衡与差异D连续与顺序【参考答案】A30.20世纪30年代联共(布)中央颁布实施《关于小学和中学的决定》,确定该时期苏联教育发展的主要任务是()A实施综合教学大纲B恢复班级授课制度C建立统一劳动学校制度D加强教学与生产劳动的联系【参考答案】B31.运用心理胚胎期和敏感期概念表述儿童发展过程阶段性特征的教育家是()A福禄贝尔B赫尔巴特C第斯多惠D蒙台梭利【参考答案】D32.20世纪70年代美国教育改革的主题是()A返回基础B普及科学C天才教育D大众教育【参考答案】A33.确立法国高等教育"自主自治、民主参与、多科性结构"办学原则的教育法案是()A《大学令》B《帝国大学令》C《高等教育法》D《高等教育方向指导法》【参考答案】D34.在小莉眼里所有物体都有生命,她常常会对玩具、小草说话,根据皮亚杰认知发展理论,小莉处于()A.感觉运动阶段B.前运算阶段C.具体运算阶段D.形式运算阶段【参考答案】B35.根据过度学习原则,如果一个学生经过4次复述刚好可记住某个英语单词,那么他学习该词最适宜的复述次数应该是()A.5次B.6次C.7次D.8次【参考答案】B学术必胜习题库第七章36.有的学生愿意为他所喜欢的老师努力学习,而面对不喜欢的老师则不愿意努力学习。
2018英语二考研英语真题
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? ②Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. ③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .①In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. ②For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. ③The twist? ④Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ②7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 . ③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. ③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. ②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. ③These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. ④“Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reduc ing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. ⑤In other words, don't read online comments.1. [A] ignore [B] protect [C] resolve [D] discuss2. [A] seek [B] refuse [C] wait [D] regret3. [A] rise [B] hurt [C] last [D] mislead4. [A] expose [B] alert [C] tie [D] treat5. [A] concept [B] message [C] review [D] trial6. [A] deliver [B] remove [C] weaken [D] interrupt7. [A] Unless [B] When [C] If [D] Though8. [A] change [B] continue [C] happen [D] disappear9. [A] owing to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] such as10. [A] disagree [B] discover [C] forgive [D] forget11. [A] food [B] pay [C] marriage [D] schooling12. [A] begin with [B] lead to [C] rest on [D] learn from13. [A] diligence [B] withdrawal [C] persistence [D] inquiry14. [A] self-deceptive [B] self-reliant [C] self-destructive [D] self-evident15. [A] trace [B] define [C] resist [D] replace16. [A] conceal [B] overlook [C] predict [D] design17. [A] pretend [B] remember [C] promise [D] choose18. [A] outcome [B] relief [C] plan [D] duty19. [A] where [B] why [C] whether [D] how20. [A] limitations [B] consequences [C] investments [D] strategiesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. ②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. ③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. ②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. ③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. ②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. ③Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.①On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolut ion. ②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. ③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. ④More education is the new principle. ⑤We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.①But t he headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors. ③But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. ④But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its politicalhead, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. ②There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. ③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology H igh School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. ②When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.[A] practical ability[B] academic training[C] pioneering spirit[D] mechanical memorization22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academically successful[D] are financially disadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.[A] used to have big financial concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational privileges24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A] helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A] supportive[B] tolerant[C] disappointed[D] cautiousText 2①While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s ener gy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. ②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. ③The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. ②In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. ④In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for morethan 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. ②In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. ②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. ②Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. ②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. ③What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.[A] rising[B] falling[C] changing[D] stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A] is as extensive as in Europe[B] is progressing notably[C] has proved to be impractical[D] faces many challenges28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.[A] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B] there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C] tech giants are investing in clean energy[D] wind is a widely used energy source29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?[A] Its application has boosted battery storage.[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A] is not really encouraged by the US government[B] is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C] will bring the US closer to other countries[D] will accelerate global environmental changeText 3①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. ②Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. ③What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s ene mies are currently plotting? ④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. ②For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. ③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. ④But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. ⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. ⑥The users of their services are not their customers. ⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data, and we, the user s, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. ②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. ③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A] digital products[B] quality service[C] physical assets[D] user information32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.[A] pose a risk to Facebook users[B] mislead the European commission[C] worsen political disputes[D] mess up customer records33. According to the author, competition law ______.[A] should serve the new market powers[B] may worsen the economic imbalance[C] cannot keep pace with the changing market[D] should not provide just one legal solution34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.[A] they are not financially reliable[B] they are not defined as customers[C] the services are generally digital[D] the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.[A] a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B] a win-win business model between digital giants[C] the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers[D] the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. ②Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. ②“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. ③Once on the cale ndar, I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,” he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. ②Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail, day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. ②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ” he argues.①Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t reali se is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A] list your immediate tasks[B] make specific daily plans[C] keep to your focus time[D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A] daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B] students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D] distractions may actually increase efficiency38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.[A] an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B] an effective way to save time and energy[C] a major contributor to physical health[D] a desirable mental state for busy people39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A] can result in psychological well-being[B] can bring about greater efficiency[C] is aimed at better balance in work[D] is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.[A] the key to eliminating distractions[B] the cause of the lack of focus time[C] ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D] approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Skip the small talkD.Ask for an opinionE.Find the “me too” s, places, thingsG.Pay a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk with this pe rson”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.It’s a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”,“how are you?” and “what's going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfict ion titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gate s says.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation, and2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。
2018年硕士学位研究生入学考试(GCT)试题及答案
2018年硕士学位研究生入学考试(GCT)试题及答案一、选择题1.下姓氏注音全都正确的一组是( )。
A.睢(jū)景臣区(qū)桃臧(zāng)克家郦(1í)道元B.华(huà)老栓解(jiě) 缙(shàn)雄信翟(dǐ)景C.任(rén)弼时庞(páng)统仇(qiú)虎葛(gě)存壮D.靳(jīn)尚倪(ní)萍查(chá)慎行阚(kàn)睿2.对下列词加线语意义的解释,不正确的一组是( )。
A. 变更(变动) 少不更事(年纪轻,经历的事不多)更生(比喻复兴) 改弦更张(比喻改革制度或变更方法)B. 相当(相称) 当行出色(从事的职业最好)当家(主持家务) 锐不可当(形容来势凶猛,不可阻挡)C. 从简(采取简单的方法或方式) 从长计议(不急于做出决定) 从征(跟随出征) 从井救人(跟着跳到井里去救人)D. 独步(超出同类之上,没有可以相比的)独具慧眼(目光敏锐,见识高超)独创(独特的创造)无独有偶(虽然罕见.但不只一个,还有一个可以成对的)3.对下列词语中加线字的解释有误的一组是( )。
A. 怀古(思念) 少怀大志(心里存有)襟怀(胸怀) 怀瑾握瑜(胸部衣里掩着)B. 横幅(跟地面平行的) 蔓草横生(纵横杂乱)横贯(地理上东西向的) 横行霸道(蛮横)C. 花灯(用花或花纹装饰的) 花言巧语(用来迷惑人的)火花(形状像花朵的东西) 文艺之花(比喻事物的精华)D. 化冻(融化) 潜移默化(变化)化解(消除) 化险为夷(使变化)4.下列各句加线的熟语的使用,恰当的一句是( )。
A.教师始终是教育改革成效的主导性因素,只有教师热爱学生,师心自用,才可能迎来教育的春天。
B.中国女排励精图治,卧薪尝胆,经过两年训练,终于在本届奥运会上力挫群雄,获得骄人战绩。
C.本届NBA东西部联盟明星赛将于北京时间明晨7时在三藩市举行,届时球迷们所熟悉的奥尼尔、邓肯等将粉墨登场。
杭州师范大学 2018 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题.doc
杭州师范大学2018年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码:853考试科目名称:科学教学论说明:考生答题时一律写在答题纸上,否则漏批责任自负。
一、单项选择题(每题3分,共30分)1.如图,x轴位于地面的草坪上,xy所在的平面于地面垂直。
一平面镜位于图示位置,平面镜两端坐标为A(-1,5)和B(0,5)。
夜间有一个点光源P(3,0)将光线射向平面镜,再由平面镜反射回地面草坪上。
则夜间在x轴的反方向上哪个区域的草坪上光合作用最强? ( )A.0~-1区间 B.0~-3区间C.-3~-5区间 D.0~∞区间2.如右图,一个弹簧一端固定物体,另一端固定在容器底部,放在装满水的装置中处于静止。
设想从某一天起,地球的引力减为一半,则弹簧对物体的弹力将(弹簧处于压缩状态)()A.不变 B.减为原来的一半C.增加为原来的两倍 D.弹簧对物体无弹力3.如图所示的电路中,电源电压不变,闭合开关后,滑动变阻器的滑片P 向右端滑动时()A.电流表示数减小,电压表示数与电流表示数之比不变B.电流表示数不变,电压表示数与电流表示数之比不变C.电流表示数增大,电压表示数与电流表示数之比增大D.电流表示数减小,电压表示数增大4.如图所示,轻质细杆ABC的A端用铰链固定在竖直墙面上,C端悬挂一重物P,B点与一细绳相连,细绳的另一端系于墙面D点。
整个装置平衡时,细杆正好呈水平。
关于细杆在A端所受外力的示意图,其中正确的是()5.在如图所示的电路中,总电流I为1.2安,R l=R2=2R3。
则下列对通过R2电流的判断正确的是( )A.大小为0.6安,方向向右B.大小为0.6安,方向向左C.大小为0.3安,方向向右D.大小为0.3安,方向向左6. 在19世纪,化学家对氧化锆的化学式有争议。
经测定,锆的相对原子质量为91,其氯化物的相对分子质量是233,若氧化物中锆的化合价与氯化物中锆的化合价相同,试判断与氯化物价态相同的氧化锆的化学式( )A.ZrO B.Zr2O C.Zr2O3 D.ZrO27. 在化学反应a Zn+b HNO3(稀) = c Zn(NO3)2+d NO↑+e H2O中,若e的值为4,则d的值为()A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 48. 当SO2通入到饱和的H2S溶液中会发生如下反应:SO2+2H2S=3S↓+2H2O,某同学在室温下,向饱和的H2S溶液中缓慢的通入过量的SO2气体,溶液的pH随着通入SO2体积的变化曲线是()9. 将紫色水萝卜的块根切成小块放入清水中,水的颜色无明显变化。
广西大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试试卷
广西大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试试卷考试科目代码:考试科目名称:
本科目考试准否携带计算器:
鱼儿,在水中串上串下,吐着顽皮的泡泡;鸟儿从荷叶上空飞过,想亲吻荷花姑娘的芳泽。
四周的花儿,紫的,黄的,白的,红的,竞相开放。
大红花儿,张着大嘴,放声歌唱;灯笼花儿,随风摇坠,四处飘香;剑兰花儿,形态独特,毫不逊色。
它们与荷塘之景交相辉映,美不胜收此时,我的心情兴奋到极点,好久好久没有看过如此美的景色了。
若果我有一双会画画的手,我定把这如痴如醉的荷塘活色生香的描绘一番;若果我有一部高像素的相机,我定不放过每个花开的镜头;若果我是一个诗人,我定把这荷塘每片光鲜艳丽的色泽融入人生的诗篇。
我更期待,期待盛夏的荷塘色,期待那更加妖娆多姿,色泽鲜艳的荷花,期待初夏生机勃勃、挥汗如雨的激情生活!。
昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题625药物化学基础综合 A卷
昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:625 考试科目名称:药物化学基础综合考生答题须知1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
A. B. C. D.19.下列化合物中酸性最弱的是()A. 丙酸B. 苯甲酸C. 乙酸D. 三氟乙酸20.下列化合物中最容易与丙烯醛发生[4+2]环加成反应的是()A. B. C. D.二、填空题(30分,每空5分)完成如下反应式,给出反应条件或化合物结构,必要时标出立体化学。
1.2.3.4.三、综合题(30分,每题10分)从指定原料出发,利用必要的试剂,完成下列多步合成:1.2.3.10、溶剂用量少,提取的成分也较完全的是()法。
A. 浸渍B. 煎煮C. 回流提取D. 连续回流提取E. 渗漉法二、结构类型(每题4分,共5题,共20分)指出下列化合物的名称及结构类型活性或画出结构式(一)指出下列化合物的名称及结构类型1、2、化合物名称()化合物名称()结构类型()结构类型()3、化合物名称()结构类型()(二)画出下列化合物的结构式4、β-D-葡萄糖5、七叶内酯(优势构象式)(6,7-二羟基-香豆素)三、区别比较(每题5分,共4题,共20分)1、比较下列A、B、C化合物的碱性大小,并简要说明理由。
2、黄花夹竹桃中的4种次苷成分,如果采用硅胶薄层色谱检测,以氯仿-甲醇展开(正相),显色后各成分Rf值可能的顺序是什么,请以薄层色谱图表示, 并简要说明。
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生招生考试《二外法语》试题
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生招生考试《二外法语》试题杭州电子科技大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生招生考试《二外法语》试题〈试题共六大题,共 5 页,总分100 分)姓名报考专业准考证号【所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试卷或草稿纸无上效!】一、选择题〈本大题共10 小题,每小题2 分,本大题共20 分〉1. Julie a voyage Allemagne l'an demier et il m’a apporte unjoli cadeau.A.aB. enC. a以D. dans2.SOllt VOS preferences?A. QuelB. QuelleC. Quels3.Je remercie votre farnille.A.toutB. tousC. touteD. Quelles D. toutes4.Il va chez lui voiture tousles jours, et il prend le metro presqueJ缸n创s.A.e nB. aC. avecD. p 缸5.Po urriez-vou s dire que j’adore so n de ss in.A.seB. leC. luiD. la6.Quandje suis e r世e, il avec son 缸ni pre s du fo町.A.p町lerB. a p缸l位C. p缸laitD. par l erai7.Veux-tu me r ecommander le stylo ici?A.bonB. bienC. mie uxD. meilleur8.Tu sais, je n e mange du to ut ce matin,p缸·ce que je n’ai pa s f出m.A.plusB. p asC. j缸n出sD. que9.Le docteur m’a con se ille d e prendre v i ande mais p部trop.A.duB. de laC. desD. /10. M onsieur Jardin a reyu le Prix d e l’Osc ar Iont e mps.A.pendantB. dan sC. il y aD.d e puis第l 页共 5 页--··川、选词填空(本大题共10 小题,每小题2 分,本大题共20 分〉faciliter forme resoudre accueillent po山ronsinteresse divisees permet suivent participent11.Le developpementindustriel d’amel io rer la vie des habitants de cette ville.12.Avant de toutes les difficultes, ilsne veul ent p部continuer leur travail.13.Nous utiliser plus de robot s dans la vie quo甘die nne.14.Pour le commerce et l'echange entre les Eta 臼membr邸,l’Union europeenne a dec ide de mener une politique.IS.Les etudes a l'universite sont en trois cycles: la licence, le master et le doctorat.16. Les universites chaleureusement les etudiants 伪angers.17.Je veux bien faire mes e阳des dans ce侃ecole,p缸℃e qu’elledes techniciens.18.T ou s les eleves de la classe ace trav出l.19.S i cet emploi ne vo us p蹈,也ites-le-nous savoir rapidement.20.L es jeunes chinoises de plus en plus la mode.二、阅读理解(本大题共10 小题,每小题2 分,本大题共20 分)FrancophonieLe 20 m缸s est chaque 缸mee }'occasion pour les 200 millions de personnes qui p缸lent le 企an伊is, soit 3,2 %de l a population mondiale,de f eter leur langue commune. Ace胁。
教育学考研真题2018年统考311真题原文及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试教育学专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题:1~45小题,每小题2分,共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合试题要求。
1.主张用“理解”和“解释”的立场与方法研究教育问题的教育学流派是A实验教育学B.文化教育学C.批判教育学D.元教育学2.某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重,担心会影响孩子创造性和批判反思能力的发展,决定在家亲自给孩子上课。
该事例说明学校教育具有A.正向显性功能B.负向显性功能C.正向隐性功能D.负向隐性功能3.对人力资本理论提出质疑,认为教育并不提高人的能力,只是用来区别不同人的能力的手段,这种观点属于A.冲突论B.文凭理论C.结构功能论D.劳动力市场理论4.教育工作需要循序渐进,主要依据的是儿童身心发展的A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性5.农耕时代的教育目的强调培养具有一定文化素养的统治者,工业时代兼顾脑力劳动者和体力劳动者的培养,信息时代则更加注重创新型人才的培养。
这说明教育目的在根本上受制于A.文化传统B.生产方式C.教育政策D.教育理论6.以下关于终身教育的说法不正确的是A.终身教育是现代社会民主化的要求B.终身教育的原则是连续性、整体性C.终身教育是基础教育、高等教育的延续D.终身教育将学校化教育转变为社会化教育7.泰勒原理由两条密切相关的基本原理组成,一条是课程编制原理,另一条是A.课程实施原理B.课程设计原理C.课程评价原理D.课程组织原理8.近代以来,人们设计出一些力图克服班级授课制局限性,同时保持其优越性的新型教学组织形式,主要有A.分层教学、个别教学、小队教学B.个别教学、小组合作学习、分层教学C.小组合作学习、小队教学、个别教学D.分层教学、小组合作学习、小队教学9.在“海因兹食药”的道德两难问题上,某儿童认为:“不管妻子过去对他好不好,他都要对妻子负责。
为救妻子去偷药,只不过做了丈夫该做的事。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学综合真题
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试教育学综合真题(总分:330.00,做题时间:180分钟)一、单项选择题1~45小题,每小题2分,共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合试题要求。
(总题数:45,分数:90.00)1.主张用“理解”和“解释”的立场与方法研究教育问题的教育学流派是(分数:2.00)A.实验教育学B.文化教育学√C.批判教育学D.元教育学解析:实验教育学是19世纪末20世纪初兴起的用自然科学的实验法研究儿童发展和教育之间关系的理论,代表人物是梅伊曼和拉伊;文化教育学是19世纪末出现在德国的一种教育学说,代表人物是狄尔泰、斯普朗格和利特,主张教育要促使社会历史的客观文化向个体的主观文化转变,并将个体的主观世界引导向博大的客观文化世界,培养完整的人格,用理解和解释的方法研究教育问题;批判教育学是20世纪70年代后兴起的一种教学理论,在当前西方教育理论界占主导地位,研究教育中的不公平、不公正问题,带有较强的批判性,代表人物是鲍尔斯、金蒂斯和阿普尔;元教育学指对教育学这个学科的再研究。
答案选B项。
2.对人力资本理论提出质疑,认为教育并不提高人的能力,只是用来区别不同人的能力的手段,这种观点属于(分数:2.00)A.冲突论B.文凭理论√C.结构功能论D.劳动力市场理论解析:筛选假设理论,又称文凭理论,它承认教育与工资的正相关,指出这种正相关是通过筛选作用而实现的。
但认为教育只反映了个人的能力,并没有增加个人的能力。
故本题选B。
3.某家长认为目前学校课业负担过重,担心会影响孩子创造性和批判反思能力的发展,决定在家亲自给孩子上课。
该事例说明学校教育具有(分数:2.00)A.正向显性功能B.负向显性功能正向隐性功能C.D.负向隐性功能√解析:正向功能是有助于;负向功能是阻碍;显性功能是主观目标与客观结果相符的情况;隐性功能与显性功能相对,指这种结果既非事先筹划,亦未被觉察到。
4.教育工作需要循序渐进,主要依据的是儿童身心发展的(分数:2.00)A.差异性和阶段性B.差异性和顺序性C.不均衡性和差异性D.阶段性和顺序性√解析:教育要适应儿童身心发展的顺序性,遵循量力性原则,循序渐进地促进儿童身心的发展;教育要适应儿童身心发展的阶段性,对不同年龄阶段的学生,在教育的内容和方法上应有所不同。
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类综合真题及解析
2018年管理类专业硕士研究生全国联考真题一、问题求解:第1—15小题,每小题3分,共45分. 下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中, 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1、学科竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖,比例为1:3:8,获奖率为30%、已知10人获得一等奖,则参加竞赛的人数为(A)300 (B)400 (C)500 (D)550 (E)600【答案】2、为了解某公司员工的年龄结构,按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样,结果如下:根据表中数据估计,该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是(单位:岁)(A)32,30 (B)32, 29.5 (C)32, 27 (D)30, 27(E)29.5, 27【答案】3、某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量(单位:GB)费用:每月流量20(含)以内免费,流量20到30(含)的每GB收费1元,流量30到40(含)的每GB收费3元,流量40以上的每GB收费5元,小王这个月用了45GB 的流量,则他应该交费(A)45元(B)65元(C)75元(D)85元(E)135元【答案】4、如图,圆O是三角形ABC的内切圆,若三角形ABC的面积与周长的大小之比为1:2,则圆O的面积为(A)π(B)2π(C)3π(D)4π(E)5π【答案】5、设实数,满足|-|=2,|-|=26, 则+=(A)30 (B)22 (C)15 (D)13 (E)10【答案】6、甲、乙两人进行围棋比赛,约定先胜2盘者赢得比赛。
已知每盘棋甲获胜的概率是0.6,乙获胜的概率是0.4,若乙在第一盘获胜,则甲赢得比赛的概率为(A)0.144 (B)0.288 (C)0.36 (D)0.4 (E)0.6【答案】7、如图,四边形平行四边形,,,,分别是四边的中点,,,,分别是四边的中点,依次下去。
得到四边形序列(m=1,2,3…),设的面积为且=12,则+++…=(A)16 (B)20 (C)24 (D)28 (E)30【答案】8、已知圆+=b,若圆C在点(1.2)处的切线与y轴的交点为(0.3),则ab=(A)1-2 (B)-1 (C)0 (D)1 (E)2【答案】9、有96位顾客至少购买了甲、乙、丙三种商品中的一种,经调查:同时购买甲、乙两种商品的有8位,同时购买甲、丙两种商品的有12位,同时购买乙、丙两种商品的有6位,三种同时购买有2位,则仅购买一种商品的顾客有(A)70位(B)72位(C)74位(D)76位(E)82位【答案】10、将6张不同的卡片2张一组分别装入甲、乙、丙3个袋子中,若指定的两张卡片要在同一组,则不同的袋法有(A)12种(B)18种(C)24种(D)30种(E)36种【答案】11、某单位为检查3个部门的工作。
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(2)以“娱乐场”为中心语的名词性非主谓句
(3)一般的主谓句
3.分析歧义结构。(8分)
(1)小王说故事很有趣。
(2)连校长都不知道。
4.试用语素分析法区分“看、望、瞧、瞪、瞅”的词义。(8分)
七、论述题(60分)
1.论述几种常见的语法范畴。(12分)
2.举例说明语言符号的“能指”和“所指”以及二者关系的特征。(12分)
A、表意—表音—表意兼表音B、表音—表意兼表音—表意
C、表意兼表音—表意—表音D、表意—表意兼表音—表音
9.下列各组词语,只有全是借词。
A、复制 复写 电车 电灯B、克隆 拷贝 沙发 扑克
C、电影 电视 电脑 电动D、激光 极光 蜜月 话筒
10.下列不是混合语的是。
A、克里奥尔语B、皮钦语C、洋泾浜D、世界语
D、元音和辅音发音器官的各个部位均衡紧张。
3.汉语普通话音节结构。
A、最长由三个音素组成B、最长由四个音素组成
C、最长由五个音素组成D、最短由两个音素Байду номын сангаас成
4.汉语北京话中,有的人把“一般儿大”(同样大)说成“一边儿大”,这种现象在语音学上叫。
A、同化B、异化C、弱化D、增音
5.“连老王都打了”是一个歧义结构,歧义的原因是。
四、判断题(10分)
1.汉语普通话“姜”包含了5个音素。
2.字母是音素的标写符号,音标是文字的书写符号。
3.各个不同的社会群体,社会约定不同。因此,同一个意义可以采用不同的语言形式去表达。
4.“青年”、“上午”等词的意义的模糊性主要是由语义界限不明确造成的。
5.研究语言符号的意义一般都以语素作为基本单位。
A、词汇意义不同造成歧义B、结构关系不同造成歧义
C、结构层次不同造成歧义D、语义关系不同造成歧义
6.英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是。
A、屈折变化B、变换重音的位置
C、变化中缀D、异根
7.以下不属于中国传统“小学”范畴的是。
A、文字B、音韵C、训诂D、语法
8.从造字方法考察,文字的发展经历了三个阶段。
三、单项选择题(10分)
1.下列说法,只有正确。
A、振幅越大,声音就越弱;B、振幅越大,声音就越长;
C、频率越大,声音就越低;D、频率越大,声音就越高
2.关于元音和辅音的区别的描述,是正确的。
A、元音发音时间短暂,辅音发音时间较长。
B、辅音发音响亮,元音发音不响亮。
C、发辅音气流受阻,发元音气流不受阻。
1.音素之间存在着关系和关系。
2.[t]—[d]的区别性特征表现为对立。
3.掌握一种语言的词,核心的问题是要把词的和词的联系起来。
4.词语的组合一方面要受到的支配,另一方面要受到的限制。
5.“人称”是与有关的语法范畴,它表示动作行为是由谁发出的。
6.对于缺乏词的形态变化的语言来说,划分词类只能依靠语法中的特征;如果是有形态变化的语言,划分词类只要依靠语法中的特征就可以了。
3.举例说明汉语句子类型按层级分成哪些小类。(12分)
4.举例说明什么是词义的模糊性,它会影响交际吗?为什么?(12分)
5.请说说你为什么选择语言学专业,对未来的学习和研究有何计划。(12分)
(附答卷纸五张)
6.“短”和“矮”的不同主要表现在附加意义上。
7.英语“He reads a letter.”中reads中的s表示的语法意义是数、时和人称。
8.词类划分的重要标准有两个:一是句法标准,二是意义标准。
9.文字和书面语虽有不可分割的联系,但文字本身不是书面语。
10.普通话中的“看”和“看看”语义意义不同,词汇意义则相同。
五、简答题(18分)
1.简述语言发展演变的两大特点。(6分)
2.简要说明词义的特点。(6分)
3.简述音位与音素的区别。(6分)
六、应用分析题(32分)
1.分析下面句子中“作为”的词性和功能。(8分)
a.她给了我这一枝白玉莲花,作为信物。
b.作为女人,都有妒忌之心,独独你不妒忌吗?
2.根据要求,把“公园里的孩子们将娱乐场挤得水泄不通。”变换成相应的同义句式。(8分)
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称: 813语言学概论适用专业:050102语言学及应用语言学/050103汉语言文字学/050107中国少数民族语言文学
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、术语解释(10分)
1.书面语2.符号3.音位4.词形变化5.屈折
二、填空题(10分):