英汉对照计量经济学术语

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计量经济学专业英汉词典

计量经济学专业英汉词典计量经济学专业英汉词典中文英文调整的R^2 （确定系数）adjusted R^2调整系数adjustment coefficient调整系数矩阵adjustment coefficient matrix赤池信息准则（AIC）Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) 阿尔蒙分布滞后模型Almen distributed lag model阿尔蒙滞后Almon lags备择假设alternative hypothesis方差分析analysis of variance辅助变量ancillary variable近似协方差矩阵approximate covariance matrix近似正态分布approximate normal distribution自回归模型AR model自回归过程AR process自回归条件异方差模型ARCH model自回归移动平均模型ARMA model假定assumption渐近χ2分布asymptotic χ2 distribution渐近协方差矩阵asymptotic covariance matrix渐近分布asymptotic distribution渐近有效性asymptotic efficiency渐近性质asymptotic properties渐近抽样特性asymptotic sampling properties渐近设定asymptotic specification渐近标准误差asymptotic standard error渐近检验asymptotic test渐近检验统计量asymptotic test statistic渐近逼近asymptotically approximation渐近有效估计式asymptotically efficient estimator渐近无偏估计式asymptotically unbiased estimatorADF检验，增项（增广）DF检验Augmented Dickey-Fuller test AEG检验，增项（增广）EG检验Augmented Engle-Granger test自相关方程误差autocorrelated equation error自相关autocorrelation自相关函数autocorrelation function自协方差autocovariance自协方差函数autocovariance function自回归autoregression自回归条件异方差autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity自回归分布滞后模型autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model自回归单整移动平均（ARIMA）autoregressive integrated moving average process 过程自回归（AR）摸型autoregressive model自回归移动平均（ARMA）过程autoregressive moving-average process自回归算子autoregressive operator辅助回归auxiliary regression平均值average行为方程behavioral equation贝拉－哈尔克（BJ）统计量Bera-Jarque statistic贝努利分布Bernoulli distribution最佳决策best decision最佳线性无偏估计式（BLUE）best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE)最佳线性无偏预测best linear unbiased prediction最佳无偏估计式best unbiased estimator偏倚bias偏倚向量bias vector有偏估计式biased estimator二元选择模型binary choice model二项分布binomial distribution二元正态随机变量bivariate normal random variable自举法，靴襻法bootstrap procedure博克斯－考克斯变换Box-Cox transformation博克斯－詹金斯方法Box-Jenkins approach布罗施－帕甘检验Breusch-Pagan test布朗运动Brownian motion典型相关canonical correlation因果性causality中心极限定理central limit theorem特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征向量characteristic vector卡埃方分布chi-square distribution古典统计学classical statistics柯布－道格拉斯生产函数Cobb-Douglas production function 科克伦－奥克特方法Cochrane-Orcutt procedure“概率极限”概念concept of “plim”条件推断conditional inference条件概率conditional probability条件概率密度函数conditional probability density function 置信区间confidence interval一致性consistency一致估计式consistent estimator一致性检验consistent test消费函数consumption function同期相关contemporaneous correlation同期协方差矩阵contemporaneous covariance matrix同期扰动相关contemporaneous disturbance correlation同期独立随机回归自变量contemporaneous independent stochastic regressor 连续映射理论continuous mapping theorem 连续随机变量continuous random variable连续回归函数continuous regression function常规抽样理论conventional sampling theory依概率收敛converge in probability收敛convergence依分布收敛convergence in distribution相关correlation相关系数correlation coefficient相关矩阵correlation matrix相关图correlogram成本cost协方差covariance协方差矩阵covariance matrix协方差矩阵估计式covariance matrix estimator克拉美规则Cramér rule克拉美－拉奥不等式Cramér-Rao inequality克拉美－拉奥下界Cramér-Rao lower bound临界区域critical region临界值critical value截面数据cross-section data累积分布函数cumulative distribution function 数据data数据生成过程（dgp）date generation process数据标准化date normalization盲始模型dead-start model决策decision making决策规则decision rule决策规则选择decision rule choice决策理论decision theory演绎系统deductive system定义方程definitional equation解释程度degree of explanation自由度degree of freedom密度函数density function相依变量dependent variable设计矩阵design matrix检验方法detection methods方阵的行列式determinant of a square matrix确定系数，可决系数determination coefficient诊断校验diagnostic checking对角矩阵diagonal matrix对称矩阵的对角化diagonalization of a symmetric matrix 差分difference差分方程difference equation离散随机变量discrete random variable离散样本空间discrete sample space离散随机过程discrete stochastic process非均衡误差disequilibrium error不相交集disjoint set分布滞后distributed lag分布滞后模型distributed lag model分布distribution分布函数distribution function分布理论distribution theory扰动协方差矩阵disturbance covariance matrix扰动方差disturbance variance位移项drift虚拟变量dummy variable虚拟变量估计式dummy variable estimatorDW（德宾—沃森）统计量Durbin-Watson statisticDW（德宾—沃森）检验Durbin-Watson test动态模型dynamic model动态乘数dynamic multiplier动态回归dynamic regression动态联立方程dynamic simultaneous equation计量经济学，经济计量学econometrics经济变量economic variables经济学economics经济economy有效性efficiencyEG检验EG test特征值eigen value弹性elasticity椭圆ellipse空集empty set内生变量endogenous variableEG两步估计量Engel-Granger (EG) two-step estimate EG两步法Engel-Granger (EG) two-step method 方程误差equation error 方程识别equation identification均衡equilibrium均衡分析equilibrium analysis均衡条件equilibrium condition均衡乘子equilibrium multiplier均衡关系equilibrium relationship均衡状态equilibrium state遍历性ergodicity误差error误差分量error component误差修正机制error correction mechanism误差修正模型error correction model误差修正项error correction term误差平方和error sum of squares误差向量error vector估计量estimate估计estimation估计式estimator欧氏空间Euclidean space外生前定变量exogenous predetermined variable 外生变量exogenous variable期望算子expectation operator期望值expected value试验experiment被解释变量explained variable解释变量explaining variable解释explanation指数分布exponential distributionF分布 F distributionF统计量 F statisticF检验 F test因子分解准则factorization criterion反馈feedback最终形式final form有限分布滞后模型finite distribution lag model有限非奇异矩阵finite nonsingular matrix有限多项式滞后finite polynomial lag有限抽样特性finite sampling property有限方差finite variance一阶自回归模型first-order autoregressive model 一阶条件first-order condition一阶差分算子first-order difference operator 一阶泰勒级数first-order Taylor series拟合值fitted value固定回归自变量fixed regressor预测区间forecast interval预测区域forecast region预测方差forecast variance预测forecasting频数，频率frequency完全信息估计full information estimation完全信息极大似然法full information maximum likelihood method 函数形式function form函数空间function space泛函中心极限定理functional central limit theorem (FCLT)伽玛分布Gamma distribution伽玛函数Gamma function广义自回归条件异方差模型GARCH高斯白噪声Gaussian white noise高斯－马尔可夫定理Gauss-Markov theorem高斯－牛顿算法Gauss-Newton algorithm一般协方差矩阵general covariance matrix一般均衡general equilibrium一般线性假设general linear hypothesis一般线性统计模型general linear statistical model一般随机回归自变量模型general stochastic regressor model“一般到特殊”方法general to special method广义自回归算子generalized autoregressive operator广义最小二乘法generalized least squares广义最小二乘估计generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计式generalized least squares estimator 广义最小二乘方法generalized least squares procedure 广义最小二乘残差generalized least squares residual广义最小二乘规则generalized least squares rule几何滞后模型估计geometric lag model estimation总体极小值global minimum拟合优度goodness of fit格兰杰因果性Granger causality格兰杰因果性检验Granger causality test格兰杰非因果性Granger noncausality格兰杰定理Granger representation theorem增长率模型growth rate model豪斯曼设定检验Hausman specification test重（厚）尾heavy tail海赛矩阵Hessian matrix异方差误差heteroscedastic error异方差heteroscedasticity同一性homogeneity同方差误差homoscedastic error同方差homoscedasticity假设hypothesis假设检验hypothesis test同分布随机变量identically distributed random variable 识别identification识别规则identification rules单位矩阵identity matrix压缩矩阵，影响矩阵impact matrix影响乘数矩阵impact multiplier matrix非一致性inconsistency错误约束incorrect restriction独立同一分布independent and identical distribution (IID) 独立分布independent distribution独立事件independent event独立随机变量independent random variable独立随机回归自变量independent stochastic regressor独立变量independent variable间接最小二乘法indirect least squares不等式约束inequality restriction推断inference无限分布滞后infinite distributed lag无限累加算子infinite summation operator无限方差infinite variance有影响的观测值influential observation信息矩阵information matrix内积inner product新息过程innovation sequence投入产出关系input-output relationship工具变量instrumental variable工具变量估计instrumental variable estimation 单整integration截距intercept区间估计interval estimation区间预测interval forecast不变性invariance逆矩阵inverse matrix信息矩阵的逆inverse of information matrix可逆性invertibility可逆移动平均过程invertible moving-average process 投资investment迭代方法iterative procedure大折刀方法jackknife procedure雅可比变换Jacobian of the transformation联合置信区间joint confidence interval联合置信区域joint confidence region联合密度函数joint density function联合扰动向量joint disturbance vector联合假设检验joint hypothesis test联合区间估计joint interval estimation联合零（原）假设joint null hypothesis联合概率分布joint probability distribution联合被确定变量jointly determined variable恰好识别方程just identified equation核kernel凯恩斯消费函数Keynesian consumption function 凯恩斯模型Keynesian model克莱因－戈德伯格消费函数Klein-Goldberger consumption克莱因－鲁滨效用函数Klein-Rubin utility function柯依克变换Koyck transformation克罗内克尔积Kronecker product库恩－塔克条件Kuhn-Tucker condition峰度，峭度kurtosis滞后lag滞后长度lag length滞后算子lag operator滞后权数lag weight滞后变量lagged variable拉格朗日乘数Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子检验Lagrange multiplier test拉普拉斯展开Laplace expansion大样本特性large sample properties全概率定律law of total probability前导模型leading indication model最小绝对离差least absolute deviation最小绝对误差估计式least absolute error estimator 最小平方偏倚least squares bias最小平方准则least squares criterion最小平方估计式least squares estimator最小平方法least squares procedure最小平方残差least squares residual最小平方规则least squares rule最小平方方差估计式least squares variance estimator左逆矩阵left-inverse matrix显著性水平level of significance杠杆率leverage似然函数likelihood function似然原理likelihood principle似然比原理likelihood ratio principle似然比统计量likelihood ratio statistic似然比检验likelihood ratio test线性代数linear algebra线性联系linear association线性相依linear dependency线性相依向量linear dependent vector线性等式约束linear equality restriction 线性方程linear equation线性方程系统linear equation system线性估计式linear estimator线性形式linear form线性参数linear in parameter线性无关向量linear independent vector线性不等式假设linear inequality hypothesis 线性不等式约束linear inequality restriction 线性损失函数linear loss function 线性算子linear operator线性概率模型linear probability model线性规划模型linear programming model线性约束linear restriction线性规则linear rule线性联立方程linear simultaneous equation 线性统计模型linear statistical model线性变换linear transformation线性无偏估计式linear unbiased estimator线性linearity局部极小值local minima罗基斯迪随机变量logistic random variable罗基特（Logit）模型logit model对数似然函数log-likelihood function对数线性函数log-linear function长期效应long-run effect损失loss损失函数loss function下三角矩阵lower triangular matrix矩（M）估计式M estimator移动平均模型MA model宏观经济学macroeconomics边缘分布marginal distribution边缘概率密度函数marginal probability density function 边际消费倾向marginal propensity to consume数理经济学mathematical economics数学期望mathematical expectation矩阵matrix矩阵分解matrix decomposition极大似然估计maximum likelihood estimation极大似然估计式maximum likelihood estimator极大似然法maximum likelihood method均值mean均方误差mean square error均方误差准则mean square error criterion均方误差矩阵mean square error matrix均值向量mean vector测量误差measurement error中位数median矩法method of moments极小极大准则minimax criterion使损失最小minimizing loss使风险最小minimizing risk最小绝对离差估计式minimum absolute deviation estimator 最小方差minimum variance最小方差无偏估计minimum variance unbiased estimation 错误设定misspecification混合估计mixed estimation众数mode模型model模型设定model specification模数module复数的模modulus of a complex number矩moment蒙特卡罗Monte Carlo蒙特卡罗数据Monte Carlo data蒙特卡罗试验Monte Carlo experiment蒙特卡罗模拟Monte Carlo simulation移动平均moving average移动平均（MA）模型moving average (MA) model移动平均过程moving average process移动平均表示法moving average representation移动平均季节过滤算子moving average seasonal filter多重共线性multicollinearity多项选择模型multinomial choice models多项分布multinomial distribution多元回归multiple regression多重解multiple solution多重时间序列分析multiple time-series analysis乘法multiplication乘子，乘数multiplier多元分布multivariate distribution多元函数multivariate function多元正态分布multivariate normal distribution多元正态随机变量multivariate normal random variable 多元随机变量multivariate random variable多元t 分布multivariate t distribution互斥集mutually exclusive set自然共轭先验概率密度函数natural conjugate prior probability density function半负定矩阵negative semidefinite matrix嵌套nest牛顿－拉夫森算法和方法Newton-Raphson algorithm and method非线性函数nonlinear function参数非线性nonlinear in the parameter非线性最小平方法nonlinear least squares非线性最小平方估计nonlinear least squares estimation非线性似然函数nonlinear likelihood function非线性极大似然估计nonlinear maximum likelihood estimation 非线性回归nonlinear regression非线性似不相关回归方程nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression equation非线性nonlinearity非负定矩阵nonnegative definite matrix非嵌套模型nonnested models非正态分布nonnormal distribution非正态误差nonnormal error非正定矩阵nonpositive definite matrix非纯量单位协方差矩阵nonscalar identity covariance matrix 非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix非平稳nonstationary非平稳过程nonstationary process非随机变量nonstochatic variable正态分布normal distribution正态分布理论normal distribution theory正态误差的检验normal error testing正态线性统计模型normal linear statistical model正态概率密度函数的核normal probability density function 正态随机向量normal random vector正态变量normal variable正态向量normal vector标准化常数normalizing constant正态分布随机变量normally distribution random variable 多余参数nuisance parameter零（原）假设null hypothesis零矩阵null matrix空集，零集null set可观测随机变量observable random variable可观测随机向量observable random vector观测值样本observation sample观测上的等价模型observationally equivalent model阶order阶条件order condition普通最小二乘法ordinary least squares正交矩阵orthogonal matrix正交向量orthogonal vector正交orthogonality标准正交线性统计模型orthonormal linear statistical model 离群值outliers过度识别方程overidentified equation参数parameter参数估计parameter estimation参数方差parameter variance参数检验parametric test帕累托分布Pareto distribution局部调整分布滞后模型partial adjustment distributed lag model 偏（局部）调整模型partial adjustment model偏自相关partial autocorrelation偏自相关系数partial autocorrelation coefficient偏自相关函数partial autocorrelation function偏相关partial correlation偏相关图partial correlogram偏导数partial derivative局部均衡partial equilibrium分块逆规则partitioned inverse rule完全多重共线性perfect multicollinearity长期收入假设permanent income hypothesis分段线性回归piecewise linear regression分段回归函数piecewise regression function点估计量point estimate点估计point estimation点估计式point estimator点估计式性质point estimator properties多项式polynomial多项式滞后polynomial lag多项式矩阵polynomial matrix合并数据pooling data合并模型pooling model合并模型选择pooling model selection合并时间序列pooling time series合并时间序列数据pooling time series data总体population正定矩阵positive definite matrix正定对称矩阵positive definite symmetric matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite matrix后验密度posterior density后验密度函数posterior density function后验分布posterior distribution后验信息posterior information后验均值posterior mean后验优势posterior odds后验优势比posterior odds ratio后验概率posterior probability后验概率密度函数posterior probability density function 后验概率区域posterior probability region假设过程postulation process功效函数power function检验功效power of a test前定变量predetermined variable预测误差prediction error随机分量的预测prediction of random components预测精度prediction precision主分量模型principal components model先验协方差矩阵prior covariance matrix先验分布prior distribution先验均值prior mean先验概率prior probability先验概率密度函数prior probability density function先验概率区域prior probability region概率probability概率密度probability density概率分布probability distribution离散随机变量的概率分布probability distribution for discrete random variable概率分布函数probability distribution function概率测度probability measure概率单位（probit）模型probit model积矩product moment积矩量矩阵product moment matrix积算子product operator生产函数production function生产过程production process比例响应模型proportional response model 伪样本数据pseudo sample data二次型quadratic form二次损失函数quadratic loss function二次矩阵quadratic matrix定量选择模型quantitative choice model 定量因素quantitative factors定量信息quantitative information随机系数模型random coefficient model随机分量预测random component prediction 随机误差random error随机试验random experiment随机变量random variable随机向量random vector随机向量分量random vector component随机游走random walk秩rank秩条件rank condition矩阵的秩rank of a matrix简化型reduced form简化型系数reduced form coefficient简化型扰动reduced form disturbance简化型方程reduced form equation简化型估计式reduced form estimator。

经济学名词、定理、术语中英对照

经济学名词、定理、术语中英对照Paasche price index 裴氏物价指数Paid-time 有酬工时Pair bargaining 配对谈判Paired (or matched) random sampling 成对的随机抽样法Paired difference 成对差Paired samples 成对样本Paired sampling 成对抽样Paired treatments 配对处理Paired-treatment designs 配对处理设计Panama Canal 巴拿马运河Panel data 方格资料；追踪数据Paper gold 纸金Paper money; Paper currency 纸币Papyrus 纸草Par 平价Par of exchange 汇兑平价Par value 面值；面额Par value stock 面值股票Parabola 拋物线函数式paradox of value 价值的矛盾Paradox of voting 表决的矛盾性paradox of voting 多数决的矛盾Parallel computing 并行计算Parallel currency 平行通货制度Parallel loan 平行贷款Parallel Tangents (PARTAN) method 平行正切法Parallelogram law 平行四边形法则Parameter 参数；母数Parameter constancy testing 参数固定性检定Parameter space 参数空间Parameter specification errors 参数设定误差Parameter stability 参数稳定性Parameterized linear statistical model 参数化线性统计模型Parametric families of hypotheses 参数化的假设家族Parametric statistics 有母数统计学Parametric survival model 参数化存活模型Parametric tests 参数检定Parametrized distribution formulation of uncertainty 不确定的参数化分配公式Parent economy 母公司Parental altruism 父母的利他性Parental transfers 父母给的移转Pareto criterion 柏拉图判准Pareto distribution 柏拉图分配Pareto dominance 柏拉图优势Pareto efficiency 柏拉图效率Pareto improving 柏拉图改善Pareto minimum 柏拉图最小Pareto multiplier 柏拉图乘数Pareto optimality 柏拉图最适性Pareto optimum 柏拉图最适Pareto ranked equilibria 柏拉图排序均衡Pareto ranked strict equilibria 柏拉图排序的严格均衡Pareto-irrelevant externality 柏拉图无关的外部性Pareto-optimality axiom 柏拉图－最适公理Pari passu 平等受偿Parity 平价Parity progression ratio 出生胎次递进率Parsimonious criterion 简化准则Parsimony 简化Partial adjustment model 部分调整模型Partial autocorrelation 偏自我相关Partial autocorrelation coefficient 偏自我相关系数Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) 偏自我相关函数Partial autoregressive matrix 偏自我回归矩阵Partial coefficient of correlation 偏相关系数Partial correlation 偏相关Partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数Partial equilibrium 部份均衡Partial equilibrium analysis 部份均衡分析Partial generalized least squares 偏一般最小平方法Partial integration 部份合一Partial partitioned inverse 部份分割反矩阵Partial process 部份过程Partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数Partial test 个别测验Participating loan 联贷Participating preferred stock 分红优先股Participation constraint 参与限制Particulate matter 悬浮微粒Partition 分割Partition rule 分割定理Partition set 分割集合Partitioned inverse 分割反矩阵Partitioned matrix 分割矩阵Partitioning methods 分割法partitions of information 讯息分割Partner 工作伙伴Partnership 合伙Part-time employment 半职Parzen window 帕尔森窗口Parzen’s CAT criterion 帕尔森CAT准则Pascal lag 帕斯卡尔落迟Pascal lagged distribution 帕斯卡尔落迟分配Passbook deposit 存折存款Passbook savings deposit 活期储蓄存款Passing-on defense 继承抗辩Pass-through 转嫁Patent 专利Patent race 专利竞赛Patent system 专利制度Patents as barrier to entry 专利形成之参进障碍Paternalism 父权制度Path 路径Path analysis 径分析Path dependence 依赖现有路径Path diagram 径图Pattern of trade 贸易型态Paupa labor arguments 贫工论Pay for performance 功绩报酬Pay-as-you-go social security 随收随支制社会安全Payback period rule 还本期限法则Payment policies for subjects 受实验者的偿付方式Payment system 支付系统Payments in kind 实物报酬Payoff dominance 优势报酬payoff perturbation 报酬扰动Payoff transformations 报酬转换Payoffs 报酬Payroll tax 薪资税Peak period 尖峰期Peak-load pricing 尖峰定价法Peakness 峰度Pearson coefficient of correlation 皮尔生相关系数Pearson test 皮尔生卡方检定Pearson’s experimental method 皮尔生试验法Peasant Agriculture 小农农业Peckham rule 帕克汉法则Pecking order 融资顺位Pecuniary economies of scale 资金取得的规模经济Pecuniary interest 名目利率Pedal Loom 脚踏织布机Pegged exchange rate 钉住汇率Penalty function 惩罚函数Penalty rate 惩罚性贴现率Penetration pricing 渗透订价Penny stock 跌破面值股票Pension 退休金Pension funds 退休基金Pension plans 退休金制Per se illegal 当然违法Per se legal 当然合法Per se rule 当然法则Perceived potential entry theory 认知的潜在进入障碍理论Percentile 百分位数Perfect asset substitutability 资产完全替代Perfect association 完全的关联Perfect Bayesian equilibrium 完全贝氏均衡Perfect capital mobility 资本完全移动Perfect compensation 完全赔偿Perfect competition 完全竞争Perfect complements technology 完全互补性生产技术Perfect equilibrium 完全均衡Perfect expectation damage 完全预期损失Perfect foresight 完全预期perfect information 完备讯息；完全讯息Perfect multicollinearity 完全线性重合Perfect opportunity cost damage 完全机会成本损失Perfect price discrimination 完全差别订价；第一级差别订价Perfect price-location equilibrium 完全价格区位均衡Perfect recall 完全记忆；完整的回忆Perfect substitutes technology 完全替代性生产技术Perfect-foresight equilibrium 完全预期均衡Perfect-information judgment 完全信息判断Perfectly discriminatory pricing 完全差别定价Perfectly inequality 完全不均匀Performance 绩效Performance excuse 免除履行责任Performance measures 绩效衡量Period analysis 期间分析Periodicity 周期性Periodogram 周期图Periphery 边陲Permanent income hypothesis 恒常所得假设Permutation matrix 排列矩阵Permutation test 排列检定Perpetuity 永续年金Person coefficient 皮尔生系数Personal income tax 个人所得税Personal interview 访问调查Personal-prejudice models 个人偏见模型Personnel administration 人事管理persuasive advertising 说服性广告Perturbation technique 扰动技术Petrodollars 石油美元Phase spectrum 谱相图Phillips curve 菲利普曲线Phoenicians 腓尼基人Phonograph 留声机Photography 照相术Physical layout of laboratory 实验室的实物摆设Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) 生活质量指针Physician markets 医师市场Physician visits 门诊Physician-induced demand 医师诱发需求Physiocracy 重农主义Physiocrats 重农学派Picketing 罢工纠察队Pictographs 象形文字Pie chart; pie diagram （派）饼状图Piece wage 计件工资Piece-rate pay 计件报酬Piecewise exponential hazard model 逐段对数危险模型Piecewise regression 逐段回归Piecewise regression model 逐段回归模型Piecewise-constant hazard model 逐段固定危险模型Pig Iron 生铁Pigou effect 皮古效果Pigouvian tax 皮古税Pilot experiments 先导实验Piracy 海盗；海盗行为Pitman drift 皮得曼漂浮项Pittsburgh plus systems 匹兹堡加成制度Pivot 支点；枢轴Place utility 地域效用Placement 安置就业Plain vanilla swap; Interest rate swap 利率交换契约Plaintiff 原告Planned Economies 计划经济Plantation 大型栽培农场Plant-specific economies 工场别经济Plastic 塑料Plastic money 塑料货币Platkurtosis 低阔峰Platykurtic 平阔峰Player 对局者；赛者Plea bargaining 认罪协商Plim 机率极限Plow 犁Pluralism 多元化主义Plurarity 高票决Poincare inequality 彭可瑞不等式Point binomial distribution 点二项分配Point elasticity 点弹性Point estimate 点估计值Point estimation 点估计Point forecast 点预测Point-of-sale (POS) payments system 销售点支付系统Poison Pill 毒药政策Poisson distribution 卜瓦松分配Poisson panel data regression 卜瓦松经纬资料回归Poisson process 卜瓦松随机过程Poisson random sample 卜瓦松随机变数Policy accountability 政策责任归属Policy credibility 政策可信度Policy ineffectiveness theorem 政策无效论Policy mix 混合政策Policy reform 政策改革Policy trade-off 政策权衡；政策取舍Political business cycle 政治景气循环Political economy 政治经济学Political economy of trade 贸易的政治经济Political immigrants 政治性移民Political preference function 政策偏好函数Political pressures 政治压力Poll tax 人头税Polling and survey techniques 民意测验与问卷调查方法Pollutant mix 污染物组合Pollution 污染Pollution abatement 污染防治Pollution control 污染控制Pollution control costs 污染管制成本Pollution control economic incentives 污染管制之经济诱因Pollution control policy 污染管制政策Pollution control, economics of 污染管制经济学Pollution license 污染许可证Pollution permit market 污染许可市场Polycentric Cities 多中心城市Polygon 多边形图Polynomial 多项式Polynomial distributed lag 多项分配落迟Polynomial lags 多项落迟Polynomial spline lag 多项式弧状落迟Polytechnics 科技专科学校Ponzi scheme; Pyramid scheme 老鼠会；金字塔骗局Pooled cross-section time series sample 混合横断面与时间数列样本Pooled sample proportion 混合的样本比例Pooled sample variance 混合的样本变异数Pooling data 混合资料Pooling equilibrium 混和均衡Poor Law 济贫法Population 人口Population 母体Population adverse selection 人口反淘汰Population carrying capacity 人口负载能力Population coefficient of determination 母体判定系数Population coefficient of multiple determination 母体多元判定系数Population cross moments 母体的交叉动差Population density 人口密度Population distribution 母体分配Population explosion 人口爆炸Population gravity 人口重心Population Growth 人口成长Population Growth Rate 人口成长率Population mean 母体平均数Population parameter 母体参数Population policy 人口政策Population pressure 人口压力Population proportion 母体比例Population pyramid 人口金字塔Population regression coefficient 母体回归系数Population regression line 母体回归线Population regression model 母体回归模型Population regression parameters 母体回归参数Population regression plane 母体回归平面Population regression variance 母体回归变异数Population regulation 人口节制Population standardized regression coefficient 母体之标准偏差化回归系数Population variance 母体变异数Population-Poverty Cycle 人口－贫穷循环Portfolio 资产组合Portfolio diversification 资产组合多样化Portfolio efficiency frontier 资产组合效率前缘Portfolio insurance 资产组合保险投资策略Portfolio-balance approach 资产平衡分析法Portmanteau test 便利的检定Portmanteau test for residuals 残差的简便利检定Position traders 部位交易者Positive 实是性；唯真的Positive checks 积极的抑制Positive definite 正定的Positive definite matrices 正定矩阵Positive definite matrix 正肯定对称矩阵Positive definite symmetric matrix 正定对称矩阵Positive duration dependence 正期间相依性Positive economics 实证经济学Positive semidefinite matrices 正半定矩阵Positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩阵Positive-part Stein-rule estimator 正部史坦法则估计Positive-rule estimator 正部法则估计Positive-rule variant 正部法则变动Post hoc ergo propter hoc 随之故由之Post hoc fallacy 因果谬误Postal savings system 邮政储金制度Post-dated check 远期支票Posted-bid auction 公告式拍卖Posted-offer auction 竞价公告式的拍卖Posted-offer monopoly 竞价公告独占者Posterior density function 事后密度函数Posterior distribution 事后机率分配Posterior expected loss 事后预期损失Posterior information 事后情报Posterior mean 事后均数Posterior median 事后中位数Posterior odds probability 事后机率Post-Keynesian economics 后凯因斯主义Postulation approach 假定方法Potential competition 潜在竞争Potential monopoly power 潜在独占力量Potential Pareto improvement 潜在柏拉图改善Poverty 贫穷Poverty Gap 贫穷缺口Poverty level 贫穷水平Poverty line 贫穷线Poverty measurement 贫穷测度Poverty-Weighted Index 贫穷加权指数Power (1-β) 检定力Power curve 检力曲线Power function 检力函数Power loom 动力织布机Power of test 检力函数Power series approximation 幂级数逼近Power series expansion 幂级数扩展Power spectrum 幂次谱相Power transfer function 转换函数检力Power-of-attorney account 授权账户Practical effluent fee (PEF) 实际排放费Practical transferable permit (PTP) 实际排放可转换许可证Prais-Winsten estimator 沛斯－温土顿估计式Prebisch-Singer Thesis 普毕许－辛格论点Precautionary motive 预防性动机Precedent 判例Precise estimation 估计精度Precise observations 观察精度Precision 精确度Precision matrix 精确度矩阵Preconspiracy 意图共谋Predactory pricing 掠夺性订价Predation 掠夺Predatory pricing 掠夺性定价Predetermined variable 先决变数Predict 预测Prediction criterion 预测准则Prediction error 预测误差Prediction function 预测函数Predictive density function 预测密度函数Predictive stochastic complexity 预测随机复杂度Predictor space 预测空间Preemption 抢先Preemptive right 优先认股权Preference 偏好Preference revelation 偏好显现Preference reversals 偏好逆转Preferential duty 优惠关税Preferential rate 优惠率Preferential routing 优先安排Preferential system 优惠制度Preferential tariff 优惠关税Preferential trading agreements 优惠贸易协议Preferred habitat hypothesis of the term structure 期限结构的栖息所假设Preferred stock 优先股Pregame cheap talk 赛前闲聊Pregame communication 赛前沟通Pre-Industrial 工业革命以前Pre-Industrial Model of Production 工业革命以前的生产模式Pre-Industrial Modernization 工业革命以前的现代化Preliminary transformations 初步转换Preliminary-test estimator 初步检定估计Premarket discrimination 市场前歧视Premature convergence 早熟收敛Premium 贴水；保险费Premium on capital stock 股本溢价Prepackaged bankruptcy 事先整装倒闭Pre-play negotiation 赛前磋商Preponderance-of-the- evidence 证据确凿Pre-sample disturbances 事前样本干扰Prescription Acts 处方法案Prescription drugs 处方药品Prescriptive regulations 规定性管制present goods 现在财Present value (PV) 现值Present value of net benefits (PVNB) 净效益的现值Present-orientation 现实导向Presumptive taxation 推定课税Pre-test 预先检定Pre-test estimator 预先检定估计式Pretrial 审判前的发现程序Prevention of pollution 预防污染Preventive check 预防的抑制Pre-white 漂白Pre-whitened input series 事先白化投入序列Price 价格Price approach 价格法；定价取向Price cap regulation 价格上限管制Price ceilings 价格上限Price coefficient 价格系数Price competition 价格竞争Price discrimination 价格歧视；差别取价Price elasticity 价格弹性Price elasticity of demand 价格需求弹性Price elasticity of substitution 价格替代弹性Price fixing 价格固定Price fixing agreement 统一订价协议Price fixing conspiracies 统一订价共谋Price floor 价格下限Price gain 价格利得Price game 价格赛局Price index 物价指数Price indices 价格指数Price inflexibility 价格无弹性Price information feedback 价格信息的回馈效果Price leadership 价格领导Price level 物价水平Price line 价格线Price lining 价格底限Price list auction 价格目录式拍卖Price mechanism 价格机能Price policy 价格政策Price protection plans 价格保护计划Price revolution 价格革命Price revolution in Europe 欧洲的价格革命Price rigidity 价格僵固Price scissors 价格剪Price searcher 寻价者Price sensitivity index 价格敏感度指数Price signals 价格信号Price Specie Flow Mechanism 物价与黄金流动机能Price squeeze 价格压榨Price support 价格支持Price surface 价格曲面Price system 价格制度Price taker 价格接受者Price theory 价格理论Price war 价格战Price-choosing behavior 价格选择行为Price-cost margin 价格成本差距Price-location equilibrium 价格区位均衡Price-quantity schedule 价量表Price-specie-flow mechanism 物价与现金流量机能Price-taking behavior 价格接受行为Price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio 本益比Pricing 定价Pricing efficiency 价格效率Primal-Dual Inequality 原对偶不等式Primary care 基础医疗Primary data; raw data 初级资料；原始资料Primary deposit 自发性存款；原始存款Primary education 初等教育Primary market 初级市场Primary reserve 第一准备Primary sector 农业；第一级产业Primary standards 主要标准Primary-line injury 主要伤害Prime rate; Base rate 基本利率Principal 本金Principal component 主成份Principal components analysis 主成份分析Principal components regression 主成份回归Principal-agent problem 委托人－代理人问题Principal-agent theory 当事人－代理人理论Principle of minimum differentiation 最小差异原则Principle of neutrality 中性原则principle of revealed preference 显示偏好原理Principle of tax administration 税务行政法则Principle of taxation 课税原则Principle-agent relationship 当事人－代理人关系Principle-agent theory 当事人－代理人理论Prior conditional variance 事前机率条件变异数Prior density 事前密度Prior distribution 事前机率分配Prior information 事前讯息Prior odds 事前胜率Prior probability 事前机率；先验机率Priori information 事前情报Priori restrictions 事前限制Priority of re-employment 优先召回Prisoner’s Dilemma Game 囚犯两难赛局Prisoner's dilemma 囚犯两难Privacy 隐私Private 私人的Private antitrust suit 私人反托拉斯诉讼Private banking 个人服务银行业Private cost 私人成本Private goods 私有财Private information 私有讯息Private issue 非公开发行Private lebel products 私人标记产品Private marginal benefit 私人边际利益Private marginal cost 私人边际成本Private marginal welfare 私人边际福利Private Ownership 私人所有权Private placement 私下募集Private Property 私有财产Private sector union wage 私部门工会工资Private total welfare 私人总福利Private value 私人价值Private value auction models 私人价值拍卖模型Private value auctions 私人价值拍卖Private workout 私下和解Privatization 民营化Probabilistic model 机率模型Probability 机率Probability assessment 机率估测Probability density function 机率密度函数probability distribution 机率分配Probability distribution table 机率分配表Probability elicitation 机率引出Probability function 机率函数Probability histogram 机率直方图Probability judgment 机率判定Probability limit (Plim) 机率极限Probability mass 机率质量Probability mass function 机率质量函数Probability matching 机率撮合Probability sampling 机率抽样Probability term 机率因素Probationary period 缓刑期间Probit 常态机率Probit model 常态机率模型Probit transformation 常态机率转换Problem of adjustment 调整问题Problems of multicollinearity 线性重合的问题Procedural unconscionability 程序不正当Process 过程Process innovation 制程创新Process with independent increments 独立增量过程Process with stationary increments 平稳（恒定）性增量过程Procurement 采购；收购；取得Procurement contracts 采购契约Procurement regulation 采购管制Producer prices 生产者价格Producer tax 产品税Producer’s surplus 生产者剩余Producers 生产者Product bulk 产品大小Product charge 产品收费Product compatibility 产品兼容性Product cycle 产品周期Product delineation 产品界定Product differentiation 产品差异化Product dimension 产品层次Product diversification 产品多角化Product extension mergers 产品扩充结合Product group 产品群Product innovation 产品创新Product Liability Law 产品责任法Product market definition 产品市场定义Product proliferation 产品增殖Product quality 产品质量Product selection 产品选择Product space 产品空间Product standardization 产品标准化Product variety 产品多样化Product-cycle model 产品周期模型Product-cycle theorem 产品循环论Production 生产Production efficiency 生产效率Production externalities 生产外部性Production function 生产函数Production possibilities frontier (PPF) 生产可能线Production possibilities set 生产可能集合Production possibility curve (PPC) 生产可能线Production techniques 生产技术Productive efficiency 生产效率Productivity bargaining 生产力议价Productivity offset factor (X factor ) 生产力抵减因子Product-market competition 产品市场竞争Product-market decision 产品市场决策Product-market incentives 产品市场诱因Product-possibility sets 产品可能组合Products liability 商品制作责任Product-specific economies 产品别经济Product-specific services 特定产品服务Profit 利润Profit margin 利润率Profit maximization 利润极大化Profit tax 利润税Profit theory 利润说Profitability 获利力Profit-concentration relationships 利润集中度关连Profit-level regulation 利润水平管制Profit-maximization hypothesis 利润极大化假说Profits 利润Profits maximization 追求利润最大Profit-sharing plans 利润分享制Prognosis 事前预测Program trading 程序交易Progressive tax 累进税Progressiveness 进步Prohibition 禁止Prohibitive duty 寓禁关税Prohibitive tariff 寓禁关税Project appraisal 计划评估Projection theorem 投影定理Projective methods 投影方法Proletarian 普罗阶级；无产阶级Promissory bank note 银行本票Promissory note 本票Promotion 升迁Promotion tournaments 升迁竞赛Promotional allowance 促销折让Pronatalist policy 鼓励生育政策Propensity to import 输入倾向Proper equilibrium 正均衡Proper scoring rule 适当得分法则proper subgame 正规式子赛局；正子赛局Property right 财产权Property rule 财产法则Property tax 财产税Property value 房地产价值Proportinate selection 比例性筛定Proportional hazards model 比例危险模型；比例转机模型Proportional tax 比例税Proposition 前提；建议Proprietorship 独资Prospective payment system (PPS) 前瞻性支付制度Prospectus 募股公开说明书Protection forest 保安林Protectionism 保护主义Protectionist 保护主义者Protective duty 保护关税Protective labor laws 劳工保护法Protective tariff 保护性关税Protestant ethic 新教伦理Proto-Factories 原始工厂Proto-Industrialization 原始工业化Provident fund 公积金Provider 医疗服务提供商Proximate cause 近似原因Proxy 投票委托书；代理人Proxy fights 委托书争夺战Proxy statement 投票委托书Proxy variables 代理变量Pseudo 虚拟的；建构的Pseudo likelihood 拟（建构）的概似Pseudo maximum likelihood equations 拟（建构）的最大概方程式Pseudo panel 拟方格Pseudo-true model 拟（建构）的真模型Psychic costs 心理成本Psychological pricing 心理定价法Psychology of education 教育心理学Public (sector) unions 公部门工会Public bads 公害Public choice 公共选择Public choice theory 公共选择理论Public consumption goods 公共消费财Public debt 公债public decisions 公共决策Public economics 公共经济学Public economy 公经济Public enforcement of antitrust law 反托拉斯法的公共执行Public enterprise 公营事业Public expenditure 公共支出Public facility 公共设施Public fund 公共基金Public good 公共财Public good contribution experiments 公共财捐献实验Public goods 公共财Public goods experiments 公共财实验Public goods game 公共财赛局Public housing 国民住宅Public interest 公共利益Public interest theory 公共利益理论Public intermediate goods 公共中间财Public issue 公开发行Public Libraries Act 公共图书馆法案Public nuisance 公众厌恶的事物Public ownership 公共所有权Public policy 公共政策Public production 公家生产Public provision 公家提供Public regulation 公共管制Public revenue 公共收入Public schools 公立学校Public sector 公部门Public sector pricing 公部门定价法Public utilities 公用事业Public Utilities Holding Company Act 公用事业控股公司管理法Public work 公共工程Public-choice theory 公共选择理论Puddling and Rolling Process 搅炼和滚轧过程Pulp and paper manufacturing 纸浆与造纸工业Pulse function 脉冲函数Punishment 处罚Punitive damage 惩罚性违约金Pupil-teacher ratios 师生比Purchasers’prices 买方价格Purchasing power 购买力Purchasing Power Equivalent 购买力等值Purchasing-power parity 购买力平价Pure competition 纯粹竞争Pure discount bond 零息债券Pure exchange 纯交易Pure expectations hypothesis of the term structure 期限结构的纯粹预期假说Pure interest rate 纯利率Pure public goods 纯粹公共财Pure strategy 单一策略Purely competitive 纯粹竞争的Purification theorem 纯化理论Push-pull hypothesis 推拉假说Put option 卖权契约Put options, foreign exchange 卖外汇选择权Put warrant 认售权证Put-call parity 买卖权平价说Puts 卖式选择权Putting-Out System 散作制度Putty-clay theory of investment 软泥投资理论p-value method of hypothesis testing p－值检定法Pyramiding of reserves 金字塔式提存准备回顶端BW Book WormSite Admin注册时间: 2006-06-12文章: 884发表于: 星期三四月04, 2007 1:31 am 文章主题:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q-statistics Q统计量Quadratic estimator 二次式估计量Quadratic form 二次式Quadratic form in normal variable 常态变量之二次式Quadratic function 二项式函数Quadratic hill-climbing method 二次攀峰方法Quadratic interpolation 二项式插补Quadratic loss function 二次损失函数Quadratic model 二次式模型Quadratic programming estimator 二次规划估计量Quadratic programming techniques 二项式规画技巧Quadratic scoring rule 得分平方法Quadratic trend 二次趋势Quadratic-cost model 二次式成本模型Quadrature spectrum 二次谱相Qualified majority 二分之一以上多数决Qualitative 计质性Qualitative and limited dependent variable models 属质与受限相依变量模型Qualitative choice 属质性选择Qualitative dependent variable 属质应变数Qualitative variable 属质变数Qualitative; categorized variable 质化变数；类别变量Quality 品质Quality choice 质量选择Quality circle 品管圈Quality discrimination 质量差别Quality of education 教育质量Quality of life 生活质量Quality premium 品质贴水Quality regulation 质量管理Quality uncertainty 品质不确定性Quality-differentiation model 质量差别模型Quanta option 保证汇率选择权Quantal choice model 有无计数选择模型Quantify 量化Quantile 分位数Quantitative data 量化资料Quantitative response model 属质性反应模型Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantitative variable 量化的变数Quantity competition 数量竞争Quantity demanded 需求量Quantity discounts 数量折扣；随量折扣Quantity discrimination 数量差别待遇；数量歧视Quantity fixing 数量固定Quantity follower 产量追随者Quantity index 物量指数Quantity leader 产量领导者Quantity subsidy 从量补贴Quantity tax 从量税Quantity theory of money 货币数量说Quartile 四分位数Quasi convex 准凹Quasi maximum likelihood estimator 准最大概似估计式Quasi rent; economic rent 准租；经济租Quasi-convex 准凸Quasi-fixed cost 准固定成本Quasi-fixed factors 准固定要素Quasi-fixed labor costs 准固定劳动成本Quasilinear 准线型Quasilinear preferences 准线型偏好Quasilinear utility 准线型效用Quasi-linear utility function 准线性效用函数Quasi-money 准货币Quasi-Newton methods 准牛顿法Quasi-random sampling 准随机抽样Quasi-rent 准地租Quasi-stable population 准稳定人口Quenouille’s method 昆努力方法Questionnaire 问卷Queuing processes 候队过程Quick asset 流动资产Quick ratio; Acid-test ratio 速动比率；酸性测验比率Quid pro quo 等值交换Quit rate 辞职率Quota rent 配额租Quotas 配额Quotation；Quote 债券现价回顶端BW Book WormSite Admin注册时间: 2006-06-12文章: 884发表于: 星期三四月04, 2007 1:32 am 文章主题:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Racial discrimination 种族歧视Radical economics 极端经济学Raise rival’s cost 提高对手成本Ramsey prices 伦赛价格Ramsey pricing 伦赛定价法Ramsey’s reset test 润瑟回归设定检定Random arrival 随机到达Random coefficient model 随机系数模型Random coefficients 随机系数Random component 随机的成份Random disturbances 随机干扰Random effect 随机效果Random error 随机误差Random experiment 随机试验Random function 随机函数Random interval 随机区间Random number generator 随机数产生器Random sample 随机样本Random sampling 随机抽样Random utility model 随机效用函数模型Random variable 随机变数Random vector 随机向量Random walk 随机漫步Random walk model 随机漫步模型Random walk theory 随机漫步理论Random walk with drift 有漂浮项的随机漫步Randomization 随机化Randomization test 随机检定Randomize 随机化Randomized block 随机组Randomized block design 随机集区设计Randomized response model 随机化反应模型Randomized strategy 随机策略Randomness 随机性Random-selection method 随机选择方法Random-shift design 随机移动设计Range 全距Range analysis 距离分析Range forward; Zero-cost option 区间远汇Rank 秩Rank condition 秩条件Rank condition for identification 认定的秩条件Rank correlation 秩相关Rank equivalency 秩同值Rank one correction (roc) method 第一级的修正模型Rank queue 序列Rank-dependent probability weights 序列相依机率权数Rank-dependent utility theory 序列相依效用理论Rank-order voting 偏好顺序投票Rank-size rule 顺位规模法则Rao’s score test 罗氏计分检定Ratchet effect 掣轮效果Ratcheting 渐近管制Rate base 费率基础Rate level regulation 费率水平管制Rate of appreciation Currency 通货升值率Rate of change 变动率Rate of depreciation currency 通货贬值率Rate of exchange 交换率Rate of return 报酬率Rate of time preference 时间偏好率Rate structure 费率结构Rate-of-return analysis 报酬率分析Rate-of-return regulation 报酬率管制Rate-of-return regulation 投资报酬率管制法Ratio scale 比例尺度Rational crime 理性的犯罪Rational distributed lag model 理性分配落迟模型Rational expectations 理性预期Rational expectations equilibrium 理性预期均衡Rational Expectations Hypothesis 理性预期假说Rational fools 理性的傻子Rational ingnorance 理性的忽略Rational spectrum 有理谱相Rationalization cartels 合理化卡特尔Rationing 配给Rationing rule 配给法则Ratio-to-moving average 比率移动平均Raw data 初级资料Raw material 原料Rawlsian (minimax) welfare function 劳斯福利函数Rawlsian social welfare function 劳斯社会福利函数Reaction 反应Reaction correspondence 反应对应Reaction curve 反应曲线Reaction function 反应函数Reaction function equilibria 反应函数均衡Reagan administration 里根时代Real appreciation 实质升值Real balance effect 实质余额效果Real bills doctrine 实质票券说Real depreciation 实质贬值Real economies 实质经济Real entity theory 法人实在税Real estate 不动产Real exchange rate 实质汇率Real income 实质所得Real income effect 实质所得效果Real interest parity condition 实质利率平价条件Real interest rate 实质利率Real interest rate parity 实质利率平价Real money demand 实质货币需求Real number 实数Real property 不动财Real Property Act 不动产法案Real rate of return 实质报酬率Real value 实质价值Real wage 实质工资Realizable model 可兑现模型Realized values 真正数值（实现值）Reasonable care 适当的照料Reasonable interchangeability 合理的可声援性Recession 不景气Reciprocal dealing 互惠交易Reciprocal dumping 反倾销Reciprocal duty 互惠关税Reciprocal externality 双向外部性Reciprocal model 倒数型的模型Reciprocal property 倒数性质（F分配）Reciprocal tariff 互惠税则Reciprocal tariff reductions 互惠性减税Reciprocity 互惠；相互Recognition lag 认知时差Recognized bank; National bank 国法银行Recoupment fallacy 补偿谬误Recovering preferences 偏好之重建Recruitment 招募Rectangular distribution 矩形分配Rectangular window 矩形窗口Recursive algorithm 递归演算Recursive least squares 递延最小平方Recursive logistic model 递归对数机率模型Recursive residuals 递归残差Recursive system 递归系统Recyclable resource 可回收资源Recycle 回收再利用Recycling 再循环；回收Red tape 繁文缛节（检疫相关的贸易障碍）Redeemable currency; Convertible currency 可兑性通货Redemption 买回；回馈Redemption fund 偿赎基金Rediscount 重贴现Rediscount rate 重贴现率Redistribution of income 所得重分配Redistributive Policies 重分配政策Reduced form 缩减式Reduced form disturbance 缩减式误差Reduced form equation 缩减式方程式Reduced form parameters 缩减式参数Reduced likelihood 缩减概似Reduced rank AR model 降级自我回归模型Reduced-form profit functions 缩减式利润函数Reduction-of-compound- lotteries axiom 组合彩券降级公理Reentrants 再进入者Re-export trade 再出口贸易Reference group 参考组Referrals 转诊Refinance 重新借款Refinement of equilibrium 均衡修正Reflation 再膨胀Reflexive 反射性Reflexive preferences 具反射性之偏好Refrigeration 冷冻Refusal to deal 拒绝交易Region 区间Regional currency arrangements 区域通货配置Regional economics 区域经济学Regional growth 区域成长Regional input-output model 区域投入产出模型Regional market centers 区域市场中心Regional system of cities 区域城市系统Regressand 应变数Regression 回归Regression analysis 回归分析Regression coefficient 回归系数Regression matrix 回归矩阵Regression sum of squares 回归平方和Regressive tax 累退税Regressor 回归因子；回归自变数Regret theory 遗憾理论Regularity assumption 规律性假定Regularity condition 正规条件Regulation 行政管制Regulation failure 管制失灵Regulation Q Q管制Regulatory boards 管制委员会Regulatory Impact Analysis 管制影响评估Regulatory lag 管制延迟Regulatory reform 管制革新Rehabilitation; Reorganization; Restructuring 重整Reimbursement system 支付制度Reinforcement learning 强化性学习Reinstatement 复职Reinvestment risk 再投资风险Rejection region 拒绝域Rejuvenation of apopulation 人口年轻化Relative demand 相对需求Relative demand curve 相对需求曲线Relative dispersion 相对离势。

经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

经济术语价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight裙带资本主义（Crony Capitalism）道德风险（Moral Hazard）产权（property rights）公地悲剧（Tragedy of the commons）垄断（monopoly）逆向选择（adverse selection）常用经济学术语：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded ente。

计量统计常用参数中英文对照

相关系数（coefficient of correlation）不同于系数(coefficient)，相关系数取值在-1，1之间。

样本均值T分布，方差X2分布，方差比F分布。

置信系数（confidence coefficient）置信区间（confidence interval）a 显著水平（level of significance）或称之为第一类错误的概率（the probability of committing a type I error）regression coefficients 回归系数BLUE（Best Linear Unbiased Estimator）最优线性无偏回归标准误差（standard error of the regression SER），用于度量拟合度（Goodness of fit）R2(coefficient of determination)判定系数，越接近1越好，F值越大越好，P值越小越好。

R 相关系数=R2的方根。

统计显著（显著不为零）设定偏差（specification error）。

变量的选择主要以经济理论为依据，并充分利用以往的工作经验。

这是首要因素，其次才是设定偏差。

R-——2（adjusted R2），用于不同变量数量模式间拟合度比较。

要比较两个模型的r2值，应变量的形式必须是相同的。

Qualitative variables; dummy variable. 虚拟变量或定性变量仅含虚拟变量或定量变量的模式称为方差分析模型（analysis-of-variance models, ANOVA）既有定量变量，又有定性变量的模型称之为协方差分析模型（analysis-of-covariance models）MDW麦克金农-怀特-戴维森检验。

检验线性和对数间的选择。

当Z1为显著时，则拒绝原假设，也就是说两者为非线性关系。

RESET 拉姆齐检验，误差项设定检验。

计量术语对照表

英汉对照计量经济学术语A校正R2（Adjusted R-Squared）：多元回归分析中拟合优度的量度，在估计误差的方差时对添加的解释变量用一个自由度来调整。

对立假设（Alternative Hypothesis）：检验虚拟假设时的相对假设。

AR（1）序列相关（AR(1) Serial Correlation）：时间序列回归模型中的误差遵循AR（1）模型。

渐近臵信区间（Asymptotic Confidence Interval）：大样本容量下近似成立的臵信区间。

渐近正态性（Asymptotic Normality）：适当正态化后样本分布收敛到标准正态分布的估计量。

渐近性质（Asymptotic Properties）：当样本容量无限增长时适用的估计量和检验统计量性质。

渐近标准误（Asymptotic Standard Error）：大样本下生效的标准误。

渐近t统计量（Asymptotic t Statistic）：大样本下近似服从标准正态分布的t统计量。

渐近方差（Asymptotic Variance）：为了获得渐近标准正态分布，我们必须用以除估计量的平方值。

渐近有效（Asymptotically Efficient）：对于服从渐近正态分布的一致性估计量，有最小渐近方差的估计量。

渐近不相关（Asymptotically Uncorrelated）：时间序列过程中，随着两个时点上的随机变量的时间间隔增加，它们之间的相关趋于零。

衰减偏误（Attenuation Bias）：总是朝向零的估计量偏误，因而有衰减偏误的估计量的期望值小于参数的绝对值。

自回归条件异方差性（Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, ARCH）：动态异方差性模型，即给定过去信息，误差项的方差线性依赖于过去的误差的平方。

一阶自回归过程[AR（1）]（Autoregressive Process of Order One [AR(1)]）：一个时间序列模型，其当前值线性依赖于最近的值加上一个无法预测的扰动。

(完整版)计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照

Econometrics 专业词汇中英文对照（按课件顺序）Ch1-3Causal effects：因果影响，指的是当x变化时，会引起y的变化；Elasticity：弹性；correlation (coefficient) 相关（系数），相关系数没有单位，unit free；estimation：估计；hypothesis testing：假设检验；confidence interval：置信区间；difference-in-means test：均值差异检验，即检验两个样本的均值是否相同；standard error：标准差；statistical inference：统计推断；Moments of distribution：分布的矩函数；conditional distribution (means)：条件分布（均值）；variance：方差；standard deviation：标准差（指总体方差的平方根）；standard error：标准误差，指样本方差的平方根；skewness：偏度，度量分布的对称性；kurtosis：峰度，度量厚尾性，即度量离散程度；joint distribution：联合分布；conditional expectation：条件期望（指总体）；randomness：随机性i.i.d., independently and identically distributed：独立同分布的；sampling distribution：抽样分布，指的是当抽取不同的随机样本时，统计量的取值会有所不同，而当取遍所有的样本量为n的样本时，统计量有一个取值规律，即抽样分布，即统计量的随机性来自样本的随机性consistent (consistency)：相合的（相合性），指当样本量趋于无穷大时，估计量依概率收敛到真实值；此外，在统计的语言中，还有一个叫模型选择的相合性，指的是能依概率选取到正确的模型Central limit theory：中心极限定理；unbiased estimator：无偏估计量；uncertainty：不确定性；approximation：逼近；least squares estimator：最小二乘估计量；provisional decision：临时的决定，用于假设检验，指的是，我们现在下的结论是基于现在的数据的，如果数据变化，我们的结论可能会发生变化significance level：显著性水平，一般取0.05或者0.01,0.1，是一个预先给定的数值，指的是在原假设成立的假设下，我们可能犯的错误的概率，即拒绝原假设的概率；p-value：p-值，指的是观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的概率，一般p-值很小的时候要拒绝原假设，因为这说明要观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的情况的概率很小，进而说明现在的统计量很极端。

计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照

计量经济学中英文词汇对照

Common variance Common variation Communality variance Comparability Comparison of bathes Comparison value Compartment model Compassion Complement of an event Complete association Complete dissociation Complete statistics Completely randomized design Composite event Composite events Concavity Conditional expectation Conditional likelihood Conditional probability Conditionally linear Confidence interval Confidence limit Confidence lower limit Confidence upper limit Confirmatory Factor Analysis Confirmatory research Confounding factor Conjoint Consistency Consistency check Consistent asymptotically normal estimate Consistent estimate Constrained nonlinear regression Constraint Contaminated distribution Contaminated Gausssian Contaminated normal distribution Contamination Contamination model Contingency table Contour Contribution rate Control

经济学专业术语(中英文对照)

经济学专业术语(中英文对照)经济学专业术语（中英文对照）1.经济学原理经济:(economy)稀缺性:(scarcity)经济学:(economics)效率:(efficiency)同等:(equality)机遇本钱:(opporyunity cost)理性人:(rational people)边际变动:(marginal change)边沿收益:(marginal benefit)边沿本钱:(marginal cost)激励:(incentive)市场经济:(market XXX)产权:(property rights)市场失灵:(market failure)外部性:(externality)市场势力:(market power)生产率:(productivity)通货膨胀:(inflation)经济周期:(business cycle)2.像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:(circular-flow diagram)生产可能性边界:(production possibilities) 微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)实证表述:(XXX)规范表述:(normative statements)有序数对:(ordered pair)3.相互依存性与贸易的好处绝对优势:(absolute advantage)机遇本钱:(apportunity cost)比力上风:(comparative advantage)入口品:(imports)出口品:(exports)4.供给与需求的市场力量市场:(market)竞争市场:(competitive market)需求量:(quantity XXX)需求定理:(law of demand)需求表:(demand schedule)需求曲线:(demand curve)正常物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)替代品:(substitutes)互补品:(complements)供给量:(quantity supplied)供给定理:(law of supply)供给表:(supply schedule)供给曲线:(supply curve)均衡:(equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)多余:(surplus)短缺:(shortage)供求定理:(law of supply and demand)5.弹性及其使用弹性:(elasticity)需求代价弹性:(price elasticity of demand)总收益:(total revenue)需求收入弹性:(income elasticity)需求的交叉价格弹性:(cross-price elasticity)供给价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)6.供给需求与政策价格上限:(price ceiling)代价下限:(price floor)税收归宿:(tax incidence)7.消费者、生产者与市场效率福利经济学:(XXX)领取志愿:(willingness to pay)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)成本:(cost)出产者残剩:(producer surplus)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)8.钱粮的使用无谓损失:(deadweight loss)9.国际商业天下代价:(world price)关税:(tariff)10.外部性外部性:(externality)内部性内涵化:(internalizing XXX)改正税:(corrective taxes) 科斯定理:(coase XXX)生意业务本钱:(XXX cost)11.公共物品和公共资源排他性:(excludability)消耗中的合作性:(XXX)私人物品:(private goods)公共物品:(public goods)公共资源:(common resources)俱乐部物品:(XXX goods)搭便车者:(free rider)成本-收益分析:(cost-XXX)公地悲剧:(tragedy of commons)12.税制设想征税任务:(XXX)预算赤字:(budget defict)预算盈余:(budget surplus)平均税率:(average tax rate)边沿税率:(marginal tax rate)定额税:(lump-sum tax)受益准绳:(benefits principle)领取本领准绳:(ability-to-pay principle) 纵向同等:(XXX)横向同等:(XXX)比例税:(proportional tax)累退税:(regressive tax)累进税:(progressive tax)13.出产本钱总收益:(total revenue)总本钱:(total cost)利润:(profit)显性成本:(explicit costs)隐性本钱:(implicit costs)经济利润:(economic profit)会计利润:(counting profit)生产函数:(production function)边际产量:(marginal product)边沿产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)牢固本钱:(fixed costs)可变成本:(variable costs)平均总成本:(average total cost)平均固定成本:(average fixed costs)平均可变成本:(average variable costs)边沿本钱:(marginal cost)有效规模:(efficient scale)范围经济:(economies of scale)规模不经济:(diseconomies of scale)范围收益稳定:(constant returns to scale)14.竞争市场上的企业竞争市场:(competitive market)均匀收益:(average revenue)边际收益:(marginal revenue)漂浮本钱:(sunk revenue)15.把持垄断企业:(XXX)天然把持:(XXX)价格歧视:(price discrimination)16.垄断竞争寡头:(oligopoly)把持合作:(XXX)17.寡头博弈论:(game theory)勾搭:(collusion)XXX:(cartel)纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)囚徒困境:(prisoners’ dilemma)占优策略:(XXX)18.生产要素市场生产要素:(factors of production)出产函数:(production function)劳动的边沿产量:(marginal product of labor)边沿产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)边沿产量值:(value of the marginal product)本钱:(capital)19.收入与歧视抵偿性人为不同:(compensating differential)人力本钱:(human capital)工会:(union)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(efficiency)歧视:(discrimination)20.收入不平等与贫困贫困率:(poverty rate)贫困率:(poverty line)实物转移支付:(in-kind transfers) 生命周期:(life cycle)持久收入:(permanent income)功利主义:(utilitariansm)功效:(utilitariansm)自由主义:(liberalism)最大最小准则:(maximin criterion) 负所得税:(negative income tax)福利:(welfare)社会保险:(social insurance)自在至上主义:(libertarianism) 21.消耗者挑选实际预算约束线:(budget constraint)无不同曲线:(indiffernnce curve)边沿替换率:(marginal rate of subtitution) 完全替代品:(perfect substitudes)完全互补品:(perfect complements)一般物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)收入效应:(income effect)替代效应:(substitution effect)XXX物品:(Giffen good)22.微观经济学前沿道德风险:(moral hazard)代理人:(agent)委托人:(principal)逆向选择:(adverse selection)发旌旗灯号:(signaling)筛选:(screening)政治经济学:(political XXX)康多塞悖论:(condorcet paradox)XXX不成能性定理:(Arrow’XXX)中值选民定理:(XXX)行动经济学:(XXX)23.一国收入的衡量微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)国内生产总值:(XXX,GDP)消费:(consumption) 投资:(investment)政府购买:(government purchase)净出口:(net export)名义GDP:(nominal GDP)真实GDP:(real GDP)GDP平减指数:(GDP deflator)XXX.糊口用度的衡量消耗物价指数:(consumer price index,CPI)通货收缩率:(inflation rate)出产品价指数:(produer price index,PPI)指数化:(indexation)生活费用津贴:(cost-of-living allowance,COLA)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)25.出产与增加生产率:(productivity)物资本钱:(physical capital)人力本钱:(XXX)自然资源:(natural resources)手艺常识:(XXX)收益递减:(diminishing returns)追逐效应:(catch-up effect)26.储蓄、投资和金融体系金融体系:(financial system)金融市场:(financial markets)债券:(bond)股票:(stock)金融中介机构:(financial intermediaries)配合基金:(mutual fund)国民储蓄:(national saving)公家储蓄:(private saving)大众储蓄:(public saving)预算盈余:(budget surplus)预算赤字:(budget deficit)可贷资金市场:(market for loanable funds)挤出:(crowding out)27.金融学的根本工具金融学:(finance)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)复利:(compounding)风险厌恶:(risk aversion)多元化:(diversification)企业特有风险:(firm-specific risk)市场风险:(market risk)基本面风险:(fundamental analysis)有效市场假说:(efficient XXX)信息有效:(informational efficiency)随机游走:(random walk)28.失业劳动力:(laborforce)赋闲率:(XXX)劳动力参与率:(labor-force participation rate)自然失业率:(natural rate of XXX)周期性失业:(cyclical unemployment) 失去信心的工人:(discouraged workers)磨擦性赋闲:(frictional unemployment)布局性赋闲:(structural XXX)寻找工作:(job search)失业保险:(XXX)工会:(union)个人商洽:(collective bargaining)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(essiciency wages)29.泉币制度货币:(money)交流序言:(medium of exchange)计价单位:(unit of account)价值储藏手段:(store of value)流动性:(liquidity)商品货币:(commodity money)法定货币:(fiat money)通货:(currency)活期存款:(demand deposits)XXX:(Federal Reserve)中心银行:(central bank)货币供给:(money supply)货币政策:(monetary policy)XXX:(reserves)局部筹办金银行:(fractional-reserve banking)筹办金率:(reserve ratio)货币乘数:(money multiplier)银行本钱:(bank capital)杠杆:(leverage)杠杆率:(leverage ratio)本钱需求量:(capital requirement)公布市场操纵:(open-market operations)贴现率:(discount rate)法定筹办金:(reserve requirements)弥补金融打算:(supplementary financing program)联邦基金利率:(federal funds rate)30.泉币增加与通货收缩铲除通胀:(whip Inflation Now)货币数量论:(XXX)名义变量:(nominal variables)实在变量:(real variables)古典二分法:(classiacl dichotomy)货币中性:(XXX)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)数目方程式:(XXX)通货膨胀税:(inflation tax)XXX效应:(Fisher effect)皮鞋本钱:(XXX)菜单成本:(menu costs)31.开放经济的宏观经济学封闭经济:(closed XXX)开放经济:(open XXX) 出口:(exports)净出口:(net exports)。

经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

重要哲学术语英汉对照

重要哲学术语英汉对照——转载自《当代英美哲学概论》a priori瞐 posteriori distinction 先验-后验的区分abstract ideas 抽象理念abstract objects 抽象客体ad hominem argument 谬误论证alienation/estrangement 异化，疏离altruism 利他主义analysis 分析analytic瞫ynthetic distinction 分析-综合的区分aporia 困惑argument from design 来自设计的论证artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能association of ideas 理念的联想autonomy 自律axioms 公理Categorical Imperative 绝对命令categories 范畴Category mistake 范畴错误causal theory of reference 指称的因果论causation 因果关系certainty 确定性chaos theory 混沌理论class 总纲、类clearness and distinctness 清楚与明晰cogito ergo sum 我思故我在concept 概念consciousness 意识consent 同意consequentialism 效果论conservative 保守的consistency 一致性，相容性constructivism 建构主义contents of consciousness 意识的内容contingent瞡ecessary distinction 偶然-必然的区分 continuum 连续体continuum hypothesis 连续性假说contradiction 矛盾（律）conventionalism 约定论counterfactual conditional 反事实的条件句criterion 准则，标准critique 批判，批评Dasein 此在，定在deconstruction 解构主义defeasible 可以废除的definite description 限定摹状词deontology 义务论dialectic 辩证法didactic 说教的dualism 二元论egoism 自我主义、利己主义eliminative materialism 消除性的唯物主义 empiricism 经验主义Enlightenment 启蒙运动（思想）entailment 蕴含essence 本质ethical intuition 伦理直观ethical naturalism 伦理的自然主义eudaimonia 幸福主义event 事件、事变evolutionary epistemology 进化认识论expert system 专门体系explanation 解释fallibilism 谬误论family resemblance 家族相似fictional entities 虚构的实体first philosophy 第一哲学form of life 生活形式formal 形式的foundationalism 基础主义free will and determinism 自由意志和决定论 function 函项（功能）function explanation 功能解释good 善happiness 幸福hedonism 享乐主义hermeneutics 解释学（诠释学，释义学）historicism 历史论（历史主义）holism 整体论iconographic 绘画idealism 理念论ideas 理念identity 同一性illocutionary act 以言行事的行为imagination 想象力immaterical substance 非物质实体immutable 不变的、永恒的individualism 个人主义（个体主义）induction 归纳inference 推断infinite regress 无限回归intensionality 内涵性intentionality 意向性irreducible 不可还原的Leibniz餾 Law 莱布尼茨法则logical atomism 逻辑原子主义logical positivism 逻辑实证主义logomachy 玩弄词藻的争论material biconditional 物质的双向制约materialism 唯物论（唯物主义）maxim 箴言，格言method 方法methodologica 方法论的model 样式modern 现代的modus ponens and modus tollens 肯定前件和否定后件 natural selection 自然选择necessary 必然的neutral monism 中立一无论nominalism 唯名论non睧uclidean geometry 非欧几里德几何non瞞onotonic logics 非单一逻辑Ockham餜azor 奥卡姆剃刀omnipotence and omniscience 全能和全知ontology 本体论（存有学）operator 算符(或算子)paradox 悖论perception 知觉phenomenology 现象学picture theory of meaning 意义的图像说pluralism 多元论polis 城邦possible world 可能世界postmodernism 后现代主义prescriptive statement 规定性陈述presupposition 预设primary and secondary qualities 第一性的质和第二性的质 principle of non瞔ontradiction 不矛盾律proposition 命题quantifier 量词quantum mechanics 量子力学rational numbers 有理数real number 实数realism 实在论reason 理性，理智recursive function 循环函数reflective equilibrium 反思的均衡relativity (theory of) 相对（论）rights 权利rigid designator严格的指称词Rorschach test 相对性（相对论）rule 规则rule utilitarianism 功利主义规则Russell餾 paradox 罗素悖论sanctions 制发scope 范围，限界semantics 语义学sense data 感觉材料，感觉资料set 集solipsism 唯我论social contract 社会契约subjective瞣bjective distinction 主客区分 sublation 扬弃substance 实体，本体sui generis 特殊的，独特性supervenience 偶然性syllogism 三段论things瞚n瞭hemselves 物自体thought 思想thought experiment 思想实验three瞯alued logic 三值逻辑transcendental 先验的truth 真理truth function 真值函项understanding 理解universals 共相，一般，普遍verfication principle 证实原则versimilitude 逼真性vicious regress 恶性回归Vienna Circle 维也纳学派virtue 美德注释计量经济学中英对照词汇(continuous)2007年8月23日，22:02:47 | mindreader计量经济学中英对照词汇(continuous)K-Means Cluster逐步聚类分析K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least Squared Criterion，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Leveage Correction，杠杆率校正Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形MSC（多元散射校正）Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal P-P, 正态概率分布图Normal Q-Q, 正态概率单位分布图Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Normalization 归一化Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Pareto, 直条构成线图（又称佩尔托图）Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式PCA（主成分分析）Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 构成图,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡PLS（偏最小二乘法）Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal axis factoring,主轴因子法Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Pro, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和residual variance (剩余方差)Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system , SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequence, 普通序列图Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significant Level, 显著水平Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Test(检验)Test of linearity, 线性检验Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量Ungrouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Unweighted least squares, 未加权最小平方法Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable, 变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution, 容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W估计量Width, 宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean, 缩尾均值Withdraw, 失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation, 零相关Z-transformation, Z变换注释。

英汉对照计量经济学术语

英汉对照计量经济学术语A校正R2〔Adjusted R-Squared〕：多元回归剖析中拟合优度的量度，在估量误差的方差时对添加的解释变量用一个自在度来调整。

统一假定〔Alternative Hypothesis〕：检验虚拟假定时的相对假定。

AR〔1〕序列相关〔AR(1) Serial Correlation〕：时间序列回归模型中的误差遵照AR〔1〕模型。

渐近置信区间〔Asymptotic Confidence Interval〕：大样本容量下近似成立的置信区间。

渐近正态性〔Asymptotic Normality〕：适当正态化后样本散布收敛到规范正态散布的估量量。

渐近性质〔Asymptotic Properties〕：当样本容量有限增长时适用的估量量和检验统计量性质。

渐近规范误〔Asymptotic Standard Error〕：大样本下失效的规范误。

渐近t 统计量〔Asymptotic t Statistic〕：大样本下近似听从规范正态散布的t 统计量。

渐近方差〔Asymptotic Variance〕：为了取得渐近规范正态散布，我们必需用以除估量量的平方值。

渐近有效〔Asymptotically Efficient〕：关于听从渐近正态散布的分歧性估量量，有最小渐近方差的估计量。

渐近不相关〔Asymptotically Uncorrelated〕：时间序列进程中，随着两个时点上的随机变量的时间距离添加，它们之间的相关趋于零。

衰减偏误〔Attenuation Bias〕：总是朝向零的估量量偏误，因此有衰减偏误的估量量的希冀值小于参数的相对值。

自回归条件异方差性〔Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, ARCH〕：静态异方差性模型，即给定过去信息，误差项的方差线性依赖于过去的误差的平方。

一阶自回归进程[AR〔1〕]〔Autoregressive Process of Order One [AR(1)]〕：一个时间序列模型，其以后值线性依赖于最近的值加上一个无法预测的扰动。

计量经济学中英文对照词汇

计量经济学中英文对照词汇(总21页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除计量经济学中英对照词汇Absolute deviation, 绝对离差Absolute number, 绝对数Absolute residuals, 绝对残差Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度Acceleration vector, 加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设Accumulation, 累积Accuracy, 准确度Actual frequency, 实际频数Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量Addition, 相加Addition theorem, 加法定理Additive Noise, 加性噪声Additivity, 可加性Adjusted rate, 调整率Adjusted value, 校正值Admissible error, 容许误差Aggregation, 聚集性Alpha factoring,α因子法Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设Among groups, 组间Amounts, 总量Analysis of correlation, 相关分析Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析Analysis of regression, 回归分析Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析Analysis of variance, 方差分析Angular transformation, 角转换ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析Arcing, 弧/弧旋Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换Area 区域图Area under the curve, 曲线面积AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA, 季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper, 算术格纸Arithmetic mean, 算术平均数Arrhenius relation, 艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit, 拟合的评估Associative laws, 结合律Asymmetric distribution, 非对称分布Asymptotic bias, 渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency, 渐近效率Asymptotic variance, 渐近方差Attributable risk, 归因危险度Attribute data, 属性资料Attribution, 属性Autocorrelation, 自相关Autocorrelation of residuals, 残差的自相关Average, 平均数Average confidence interval length, 平均置信区间长度Average growth rate, 平均增长率Bar chart, 条形图Bar graph, 条形图Base period, 基期Bayes' theorem , Bayes定理Bell-shaped curve, 钟形曲线Bernoulli distribution, 伯努力分布Best-trim estimator, 最好切尾估计量Bias, 偏性Binary logistic regression, 二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution, 二项分布Bisquare, 双平方Bivariate Correlate, 二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution, 双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population, 双变量正态总体Biweight interval, 双权区间Biweight M-estimator, 双权M估计量Block, 区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer programs), BMDP统计软件包Boxplots, 箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound, 崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation, 典型相关Caption, 纵标目Case-control study, 病例对照研究Categorical variable, 分类变量Catenary, 悬链线Cauchy distribution, 柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship, 因果关系Cell, 单元Censoring, 终检Center of symmetry, 对称中心Centering and scaling, 中心化和定标Central tendency, 集中趋势Central value, 中心值CHAID -χ2 Automatic Interaction Detector, 卡方自动交互检测Chance, 机遇Chance error, 随机误差Chance variable, 随机变量Characteristic equation, 特征方程Characteristic root, 特征根Characteristic vector, 特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit, 拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces, 切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test, 卡方检验/χ2检验Choleskey decomposition, 乔洛斯基分解Circle chart, 圆图Class interval, 组距Class mid-value, 组中值Class upper limit, 组上限Classified variable, 分类变量Cluster analysis, 聚类分析Cluster sampling, 整群抽样Code, 代码Coded data, 编码数据Coding, 编码Coefficient of contingency, 列联系数Coefficient of determination, 决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation, 多重相关系数Coefficient of partial correlation, 偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation, 积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation, 等级相关系数Coefficient of regression, 回归系数Coefficient of skewness, 偏度系数Coefficient of variation, 变异系数Cohort study, 队列研究Collinearity, 共线性Column, 列Column effect, 列效应Column factor, 列因素Combination pool, 合并Combinative table, 组合表Common factor, 共性因子Common regression coefficient, 公共回归系数Common value, 共同值Common variance, 公共方差Common variation, 公共变异Communality variance, 共性方差Comparability, 可比性Comparison of bathes, 批比较Comparison value, 比较值Compartment model, 分部模型Compassion, 伸缩Complement of an event, 补事件Complete association, 完全正相关Complete dissociation, 完全不相关Complete statistics, 完备统计量Completely randomized design, 完全随机化设计Composite event, 联合事件Composite events, 复合事件Concavity, 凹性Conditional expectation, 条件期望Conditional likelihood, 条件似然Conditional probability, 条件概率Conditionally linear, 依条件线性Confidence interval, 置信区间Confidence limit, 置信限Confidence lower limit, 置信下限Confidence upper limit, 置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis , 验证性因子分析Confirmatory research, 证实性实验研究Confounding factor, 混杂因素Conjoint, 联合分析Consistency, 相合性Consistency check, 一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate, 相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate, 相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression, 受约束非线性回归Constraint, 约束Contaminated distribution, 污染分布Contaminated Gausssian, 污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution, 污染正态分布Contamination, 污染Contamination model, 污染模型Contingency table, 列联表Contour, 边界线Contribution rate, 贡献率Control, 对照, 质量控制图Controlled experiments, 对照实验Conventional depth, 常规深度Convolution, 卷积Corrected factor, 校正因子Corrected mean, 校正均值Correction coefficient, 校正系数Correctness, 正确性Correlation coefficient, 相关系数Correlation, 相关性Correlation index, 相关指数Correspondence, 对应Counting, 计数Counts, 计数/频数Covariance, 协方差Covariant, 共变Cox Regression, Cox回归Criteria for fitting, 拟合准则Criteria of least squares, 最小二乘准则Critical ratio, 临界比Critical region, 拒绝域Critical value, 临界值Cross-over design, 交叉设计Cross-section analysis, 横断面分析Cross-section survey, 横断面调查Crosstabs , 交叉表Crosstabs 列联表分析Cross-tabulation table, 复合表Cube root, 立方根Cumulative distribution function, 分布函数Cumulative probability, 累计概率Curvature, 曲率/弯曲Curvature, 曲率Curve Estimation, 曲线拟合Curve fit , 曲线拟和Curve fitting, 曲线拟合Curvilinear regression, 曲线回归Curvilinear relation, 曲线关系Cut-and-try method, 尝试法Cycle, 周期Cyclist, 周期性D test, D检验Data acquisition, 资料收集Data bank, 数据库Data capacity, 数据容量Data deficiencies, 数据缺乏Data handling, 数据处理Data manipulation, 数据处理Data processing, 数据处理Data reduction, 数据缩减Data set, 数据集Data sources, 数据来源Data transformation, 数据变换Data validity, 数据有效性Data-in, 数据输入Data-out, 数据输出Dead time, 停滞期Degree of freedom, 自由度Degree of precision, 精密度Degree of reliability, 可靠性程度Degression, 递减Density function, 密度函数Density of data points, 数据点的密度Dependent variable, 应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable, 因变量Depth, 深度Derivative matrix, 导数矩阵Derivative-free methods, 无导数方法Design, 设计Determinacy, 确定性Determinant, 行列式Determinant, 决定因素Deviation, 离差Deviation from average, 离均差Diagnostic plot, 诊断图Dichotomous variable, 二分变量Differential equation, 微分方程Direct standardization, 直接标准化法Direct Oblimin, 斜交旋转Discrete variable, 离散型变量DISCRIMINANT, 判断Discriminant analysis, 判别分析Discriminant coefficient, 判别系数Discriminant function, 判别值Dispersion, 散布/分散度Disproportional, 不成比例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers, 不成比例次级组含量Distribution free, 分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape, 分布形状Distribution-free method, 任意分布法Distributive laws, 分配律Disturbance, 随机扰动项Dose response curve, 剂量反应曲线Double blind method, 双盲法Double blind trial, 双盲试验Double exponential distribution, 双指数分布Double logarithmic, 双对数Downward rank, 降秩Dual-space plot, 对偶空间图DUD, 无导数方法Duncan's new multiple range method, 新复极差法/Duncan新法Error Bar, 均值相关区间图Effect, 实验效应Eigenvalue, 特征值Eigenvector, 特征向量Ellipse, 椭圆Empirical distribution, 经验分布Empirical probability, 经验概率单位Enumeration data, 计数资料Equal sun-class number, 相等次级组含量Equally likely, 等可能Equivariance, 同变性Error, 误差/错误Error of estimate, 估计误差Error type I, 第一类错误Error type II, 第二类错误Estimand, 被估量Estimated error mean squares, 估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares, 估计误差平方和Euclidean distance, 欧式距离Event, 事件Event, 事件Exceptional data point, 异常数据点Expectation plane, 期望平面Expectation surface, 期望曲面Expected values, 期望值Experiment, 实验Experimental sampling, 试验抽样Experimental unit, 试验单位Explained variance （已说明方差）Explanatory variable, 说明变量Exploratory data analysis, 探索性数据分析Explore Summarize, 探索-摘要Exponential curve, 指数曲线Exponential growth, 指数式增长EXSMOOTH, 指数平滑方法Extended fit, 扩充拟合Extra parameter, 附加参数Extrapolation, 外推法Extreme observation, 末端观测值Extremes, 极端值/极值F distribution, F分布F test, F检验Factor, 因素/因子Factor analysis, 因子分析Factor Analysis, 因子分析Factor score, 因子得分Factorial, 阶乘Factorial design, 析因试验设计False negative, 假阴性False negative error, 假阴性错误Family of distributions, 分布族Family of estimators, 估计量族Fanning, 扇面Fatality rate, 病死率Field investigation, 现场调查Field survey, 现场调查Finite population, 有限总体Finite-sample, 有限样本First derivative, 一阶导数First principal component, 第一主成分First quartile, 第一四分位数Fisher information, 费雪信息量Fitted value, 拟合值Fitting a curve, 曲线拟合Fixed base, 定基Fluctuation, 随机起伏Forecast, 预测Four fold table, 四格表Fourth, 四分点Fraction blow, 左侧比率Fractional error, 相对误差Frequency, 频率Frequency polygon, 频数多边图Frontier point, 界限点Function relationship, 泛函关系Gamma distribution, 伽玛分布Gauss increment, 高斯增量Gaussian distribution, 高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment, 高斯-牛顿增量General census, 全面普查Generalized least squares, 综合最小平方法GENLOG (Generalized liner models), 广义线性模型Geometric mean, 几何平均数Gini's mean difference, 基尼均差GLM (General liner models), 通用线性模型Goodness of fit, 拟和优度/配合度Gradient of determinant, 行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square, 希腊拉丁方Grand mean, 总均值Gross errors, 重大错误Gross-error sensitivity, 大错敏感度Group averages, 分组平均Grouped data, 分组资料Guessed mean, 假定平均数Half-life, 半衰期Hampel M-estimators, 汉佩尔M估计量Happenstance, 偶然事件Harmonic mean, 调和均数Hazard function, 风险均数Hazard rate, 风险率Heading, 标目Heavy-tailed distribution, 重尾分布Hessian array, 海森立体阵Heterogeneity, 不同质Heterogeneity of variance, 方差不齐Hierarchical classification, 组内分组Hierarchical clustering method, 系统聚类法High-leverage point, 高杠杆率点High-Low, 低区域图Higher Order Interaction Effects，高阶交互作用HILOGLINEAR, 多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge, 折叶点Histogram, 直方图Historical cohort study, 历史性队列研究Holes, 空洞HOMALS, 多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance, 方差齐性Homogeneity test, 齐性检验Huber M-estimators, 休伯M估计量Hyperbola, 双曲线Hypothesis testing, 假设检验Hypothetical universe, 假设总体Image factoring,, 多元回归法Impossible event, 不可能事件Independence, 独立性Independent variable, 自变量Index, 指标/指数Indirect standardization, 间接标准化法Individual, 个体Inference band, 推断带Infinite population, 无限总体Infinitely great, 无穷大Infinitely small, 无穷小Influence curve, 影响曲线Information capacity, 信息容量Initial condition, 初始条件Initial estimate, 初始估计值Initial level, 最初水平Interaction, 交互作用Interaction terms, 交互作用项Intercept, 截距Interpolation, 内插法Interquartile range, 四分位距Interval estimation, 区间估计Intervals of equal probability, 等概率区间Intrinsic curvature, 固有曲率Invariance, 不变性Inverse matrix, 逆矩阵Inverse probability, 逆概率Inverse sine transformation, 反正弦变换Iteration, 迭代Jacobian determinant, 雅可比行列式Joint distribution function, 分布函数Joint probability, 联合概率Joint probability distribution, 联合概率分布K-Means Cluster逐步聚类分析K means method, 逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier, 评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart, Kaplan-Merier图Kendall's rank correlation, Kendall等级相关Kinetic, 动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test, 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test, Kruskal及Wallis检验/多样本的秩和检验/H检验Kurtosis, 峰度Lack of fit, 失拟Ladder of powers, 幂阶梯Lag, 滞后Large sample, 大样本Large sample test, 大样本检验Latin square, 拉丁方Latin square design, 拉丁方设计Leakage, 泄漏Least favorable configuration, 最不利构形Least favorable distribution, 最不利分布Least significant difference, 最小显著差法Least square method, 最小二乘法Least Squared Criterion，最小二乘方准则Least-absolute-residuals estimates, 最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit, 最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line, 最小绝对残差线Legend, 图例L-estimator, L估计量L-estimator of location, 位置L估计量L-estimator of scale, 尺度L估计量Level, 水平Leveage Correction，杠杆率校正Life expectance, 预期期望寿命Life table, 寿命表Life table method, 生命表法Light-tailed distribution, 轻尾分布Likelihood function, 似然函数Likelihood ratio, 似然比line graph, 线图Linear correlation, 直线相关Linear equation, 线性方程Linear programming, 线性规划Linear regression, 直线回归Linear Regression, 线性回归Linear trend, 线性趋势Loading, 载荷Location and scale equivariance, 位置尺度同变性Location equivariance, 位置同变性Location invariance, 位置不变性Location scale family, 位置尺度族Log rank test, 时序检验Logarithmic curve, 对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution, 对数正态分布Logarithmic scale, 对数尺度Logarithmic transformation, 对数变换Logic check, 逻辑检查Logistic distribution, 逻辑斯特分布Logit transformation, Logit转换LOGLINEAR, 多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution, 对数正态分布Lost function, 损失函数Low correlation, 低度相关Lower limit, 下限Lowest-attained variance, 最小可达方差LSD, 最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable, 潜在变量Main effect, 主效应Major heading, 主辞标目Marginal density function, 边缘密度函数Marginal probability, 边缘概率Marginal probability distribution, 边缘概率分布Matched data, 配对资料Matched distribution, 匹配过分布Matching of distribution, 分布的匹配Matching of transformation, 变换的匹配Mathematical expectation, 数学期望Mathematical model, 数学模型Maximum L-estimator, 极大极小L 估计量Maximum likelihood method, 最大似然法Mean, 均数Mean squares between groups, 组间均方Mean squares within group, 组内均方Means (Compare means), 均值-均值比较Median, 中位数Median effective dose, 半数效量Median lethal dose, 半数致死量Median polish, 中位数平滑Median test, 中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic, 最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation, 最小距离估计Minimum effective dose, 最小有效量Minimum lethal dose, 最小致死量Minimum variance estimator, 最小方差估计量MINITAB, 统计软件包Minor heading, 宾词标目Missing data, 缺失值Model specification, 模型的确定Modeling Statistics , 模型统计Models for outliers, 离群值模型Modifying the model, 模型的修正Modulus of continuity, 连续性模Morbidity, 发病率Most favorable configuration, 最有利构形MSC（多元散射校正）Multidimensional Scaling (ASCAL), 多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression , 多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison, 多重比较Multiple correlation , 复相关Multiple covariance, 多元协方差Multiple linear regression, 多元线性回归Multiple response , 多重选项Multiple solutions, 多解Multiplication theorem, 乘法定理Multiresponse, 多元响应Multi-stage sampling, 多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution, 多元T分布Mutual exclusive, 互不相容Mutual independence, 互相独立Natural boundary, 自然边界Natural dead, 自然死亡Natural zero, 自然零Negative correlation, 负相关Negative linear correlation, 负线性相关Negatively skewed, 负偏Newman-Keuls method, q检验NK method, q检验No statistical significance, 无统计意义Nominal variable, 名义变量Nonconstancy of variability, 变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression, 非线性相关Nonparametric statistics, 非参数统计Nonparametric test, 非参数检验Nonparametric tests, 非参数检验Normal deviate, 正态离差Normal distribution, 正态分布Normal equation, 正规方程组Normal P-P, 正态概率分布图Normal Q-Q, 正态概率单位分布图Normal ranges, 正常范围Normal value, 正常值Normalization 归一化Nuisance parameter, 多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis, 无效假设Numerical variable, 数值变量Objective function, 目标函数Observation unit, 观察单位Observed value, 观察值One sided test, 单侧检验One-way analysis of variance, 单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA , 单因素方差分析Open sequential trial, 开放型序贯设计Optrim, 优切尾Optrim efficiency, 优切尾效率Order statistics, 顺序统计量Ordered categories, 有序分类Ordinal logistic regression , 序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable, 有序变量Orthogonal basis, 正交基Orthogonal design, 正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions, 正交条件ORTHOPLAN, 正交设计Outlier cutoffs, 离群值截断点Outliers, 极端值OVERALS , 多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot, 迭代过度Paired design, 配对设计Paired sample, 配对样本Pairwise slopes, 成对斜率Parabola, 抛物线Parallel tests, 平行试验Parameter, 参数Parametric statistics, 参数统计Parametric test, 参数检验Pareto, 直条构成线图（又称佩尔托图）Partial correlation, 偏相关Partial regression, 偏回归Partial sorting, 偏排序Partials residuals, 偏残差Pattern, 模式PCA（主成分分析）Pearson curves, 皮尔逊曲线Peeling, 退层Percent bar graph, 百分条形图Percentage, 百分比Percentile, 百分位数Percentile curves, 百分位曲线Periodicity, 周期性Permutation, 排列P-estimator, P估计量Pie graph, 构成图,饼图Pitman estimator, 皮特曼估计量Pivot, 枢轴量Planar, 平坦Planar assumption, 平面的假设PLANCARDS, 生成试验的计划卡PLS（偏最小二乘法）Point estimation, 点估计Poisson distribution, 泊松分布Polishing, 平滑Polled standard deviation, 合并标准差Polled variance, 合并方差Polygon, 多边图Polynomial, 多项式Polynomial curve, 多项式曲线Population, 总体Population attributable risk, 人群归因危险度Positive correlation, 正相关Positively skewed, 正偏Posterior distribution, 后验分布Power of a test, 检验效能Precision, 精密度Predicted value, 预测值Preliminary analysis, 预备性分析Principal axis factoring,主轴因子法Principal component analysis, 主成分分析Prior distribution, 先验分布Prior probability, 先验概率Probabilistic model, 概率模型probability, 概率Probability density, 概率密度Product moment, 乘积矩/协方差Profile trace, 截面迹图Proportion, 比/构成比Proportion allocation in stratified random sampling, 按比例分层随机抽样Proportionate, 成比例Proportionate sub-class numbers, 成比例次级组含量Prospective study, 前瞻性调查Proximities, 亲近性Pseudo F test, 近似F检验Pseudo model, 近似模型Pseudosigma, 伪标准差Purposive sampling, 有目的抽样QR decomposition, QR分解Quadratic approximation, 二次近似Qualitative classification, 属性分类Qualitative method, 定性方法Quantile-quantile plot, 分位数-分位数图/Q-Q图Quantitative analysis, 定量分析Quartile, 四分位数Quick Cluster, 快速聚类Radix sort, 基数排序Random allocation, 随机化分组Random blocks design, 随机区组设计Random event, 随机事件Randomization, 随机化Range, 极差/全距Rank correlation, 等级相关Rank sum test, 秩和检验Rank test, 秩检验Ranked data, 等级资料Rate, 比率Ratio, 比例Raw data, 原始资料Raw residual, 原始残差Rayleigh's test, 雷氏检验Rayleigh's Z, 雷氏Z值Reciprocal, 倒数Reciprocal transformation, 倒数变换Recording, 记录Redescending estimators, 回降估计量Reducing dimensions, 降维Re-expression, 重新表达Reference set, 标准组Region of acceptance, 接受域Regression coefficient, 回归系数Regression sum of square, 回归平方和Rejection point, 拒绝点Relative dispersion, 相对离散度Relative number, 相对数Reliability, 可靠性Reparametrization, 重新设置参数Replication, 重复Report Summaries, 报告摘要Residual sum of square, 剩余平方和residual variance (剩余方差)Resistance, 耐抗性Resistant line, 耐抗线Resistant technique, 耐抗技术R-estimator of location, 位置R估计量R-estimator of scale, 尺度R估计量Retrospective study, 回顾性调查Ridge trace, 岭迹Ridit analysis, Ridit分析Rotation, 旋转Rounding, 舍入Row, 行Row effects, 行效应Row factor, 行因素RXC table, RXC表Sample, 样本Sample regression coefficient, 样本回归系数Sample size, 样本量Sample standard deviation, 样本标准差Sampling error, 抽样误差SAS(Statistical analysis system ), SAS统计软件包Scale, 尺度/量表Scatter diagram, 散点图Schematic plot, 示意图/简图Score test, 计分检验Screening, 筛检SEASON, 季节分析Second derivative, 二阶导数Second principal component, 第二主成分SEM (Structural equation modeling), 结构化方程模型Semi-logarithmic graph, 半对数图Semi-logarithmic paper, 半对数格纸Sensitivity curve, 敏感度曲线Sequential analysis, 贯序分析Sequence, 普通序列图Sequential data set, 顺序数据集Sequential design, 贯序设计Sequential method, 贯序法Sequential test, 贯序检验法Serial tests, 系列试验Short-cut method, 简捷法Sigmoid curve, S形曲线Sign function, 正负号函数Sign test, 符号检验Signed rank, 符号秩Significant Level, 显著水平Significance test, 显著性检验Significant figure, 有效数字Simple cluster sampling, 简单整群抽样Simple correlation, 简单相关Simple random sampling, 简单随机抽样Simple regression, 简单回归simple table, 简单表Sine estimator, 正弦估计量Single-valued estimate, 单值估计Singular matrix, 奇异矩阵Skewed distribution, 偏斜分布Skewness, 偏度Slash distribution, 斜线分布Slope, 斜率Smirnov test, 斯米尔诺夫检验Source of variation, 变异来源Spearman rank correlation, 斯皮尔曼等级相关Specific factor, 特殊因子Specific factor variance, 特殊因子方差Spectra , 频谱Spherical distribution, 球型正态分布Spread, 展布SPSS(Statistical package for the social science), SPSS统计软件包Spurious correlation, 假性相关Square root transformation, 平方根变换Stabilizing variance, 稳定方差Standard deviation, 标准差Standard error, 标准误Standard error of difference, 差别的标准误Standard error of estimate, 标准估计误差Standard error of rate, 率的标准误Standard normal distribution, 标准正态分布Standardization, 标准化Starting value, 起始值Statistic, 统计量Statistical control, 统计控制Statistical graph, 统计图Statistical inference, 统计推断Statistical table, 统计表Steepest descent, 最速下降法Stem and leaf display, 茎叶图Step factor, 步长因子Stepwise regression, 逐步回归Storage, 存Strata, 层（复数）Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Stratified sampling, 分层抽样Strength, 强度Stringency, 严密性Structural relationship, 结构关系Studentized residual, 学生化残差/t化残差Sub-class numbers, 次级组含量Subdividing, 分割Sufficient statistic, 充分统计量Sum of products, 积和Sum of squares, 离差平方和Sum of squares about regression, 回归平方和Sum of squares between groups, 组间平方和Sum of squares of partial regression, 偏回归平方和Sure event, 必然事件Survey, 调查Survival, 生存分析Survival rate, 生存率Suspended root gram, 悬吊根图Symmetry, 对称Systematic error, 系统误差Systematic sampling, 系统抽样Tags, 标签Tail area, 尾部面积Tail length, 尾长Tail weight, 尾重Tangent line, 切线Target distribution, 目标分布Taylor series, 泰勒级数Test(检验)Test of linearity, 线性检验Tendency of dispersion, 离散趋势Testing of hypotheses, 假设检验Theoretical frequency, 理论频数Time series, 时间序列Tolerance interval, 容忍区间Tolerance lower limit, 容忍下限Tolerance upper limit, 容忍上限Torsion, 扰率Total sum of square, 总平方和Total variation, 总变异Transformation, 转换Treatment, 处理Trend, 趋势Trend of percentage, 百分比趋势Trial, 试验Trial and error method, 试错法Tuning constant, 细调常数Two sided test, 双向检验Two-stage least squares, 二阶最小平方Two-stage sampling, 二阶段抽样Two-tailed test, 双侧检验Two-way analysis of variance, 双因素方差分析Two-way table, 双向表Type I error, 一类错误/α错误Type II error, 二类错误/β错误UMVU, 方差一致最小无偏估计简称Unbiased estimate, 无偏估计Unconstrained nonlinear regression , 无约束非线性回归Unequal subclass number, 不等次级组含量Ungrouped data, 不分组资料Uniform coordinate, 均匀坐标Uniform distribution, 均匀分布Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate, 方差一致最小无偏估计Unit, 单元Unordered categories, 无序分类Unweighted least squares, 未加权最小平方法Upper limit, 上限Upward rank, 升秩Vague concept, 模糊概念Validity, 有效性VARCOMP (Variance component estimation), 方差元素估计Variability, 变异性Variable, 变量Variance, 方差Variation, 变异Varimax orthogonal rotation, 方差最大正交旋转Volume of distribution, 容积W test, W检验Weibull distribution, 威布尔分布Weight, 权数Weighted Chi-square test, 加权卡方检验/Cochran检验Weighted linear regression method, 加权直线回归Weighted mean, 加权平均数Weighted mean square, 加权平均方差Weighted sum of square, 加权平方和Weighting coefficient, 权重系数Weighting method, 加权法W-estimation, W估计量W-estimation of location, 位置W估计量Width, 宽度Wilcoxon paired test, 威斯康星配对法/配对符号秩和检验Wild point, 野点/狂点Wild value, 野值/狂值Winsorized mean, 缩尾均值Withdraw, 失访Youden's index, 尤登指数Z test, Z检验Zero correlation, 零相关Z-transformation, Z变换Z-transformation, Z变换。

经济学基本词汇英文对照

经济学基本词汇英文对照1. 供需关系（Supply and Demand）在经济学中，供需关系是指商品或服务的供给量与需求量之间的关系。

当供给量大于需求量时，价格往往下降；反之，当需求量大于供给量时，价格则会上升。

2. 市场均衡（Market Equilibrium）市场均衡是指在一个市场中，商品的供给量和需求量达到平衡状态，此时商品的价格稳定。

3. 边际效用（Marginal Utility）边际效用是指消费者在消费过程中，每增加一单位商品所获得的额外满足感。

随着消费量的增加，边际效用逐渐递减。

4. 机会成本（Opportunity Cost）机会成本是指为了得到某种东西而放弃的其他最有价值的机会。

在做决策时，我们需要考虑机会成本。

5. 生产要素（Factors of Production）生产要素是指在生产过程中所使用的资源，主要包括劳动力、土地、资本和企业家精神。

6. 宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）宏观经济学研究的是整个国家或地区的经济总量、经济增长、通货膨胀、失业等经济现象。

7. 微观经济学（Microeconomics）微观经济学研究的是个体经济单位（如家庭、企业）在资源有限的情况下如何进行选择，以及这些选择如何影响市场价格和资源配置。

8. 总需求（Aggregate Demand）总需求是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内，所有消费者、企业、政府和外国购买者对最终产品和服务的需求总和。

9. 总供给（Aggregate Supply）总供给是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内，所有生产者愿意提供的最终产品和服务的总量。

10. 通货膨胀（Inflation）通货膨胀是指货币供应量增加，导致物价普遍上涨，购买力下降的经济现象。

11. 失业（Unemployment）失业是指有劳动能力并愿意工作的人未能找到工作的情况。

失业率是衡量一个国家或地区经济状况的重要指标。

12. 货币政策（Monetary Policy）货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率等手段，以达到控制通货膨胀、促进经济增长等目标的政策。

英汉对照计量经济学术语

计量经济学专业英汉词典

经济学名词、定理、术语 中英对照

经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

计量统计常用参数中英文对照

计量术语对照表

(完整版)计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照

计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照

计量经济学中英文词汇对照

经济学专业术语(中英文对照)

经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

重要哲学术语英汉对照

英汉对照计量经济学术语

计量经济学中英文对照词汇

经济学基本词汇英文对照

经济学名词、定理、术语中英对照